EV

Battery Introduction
Dr. Ir. Marnix Wagemaker
Delft University of Technology
Sorts of batteries
• Different battery size
⁃ Micro battery
⁃ EV battery
⁃ Grid size battery

• Primary vs. Secondary

Storing energy in batteries
• + and - electrode
• Storing chemical energy
• Electricity in and out
• Efficiency >90%
Batteries vs. Fossil fuels
• Energy density fuels is higher
• Battery weight
• Limits driving range
• Electric engine more efficient
Battery energy density
• Gravimetric (Wh/kg)
• Volumetric (Wh/L)
• Weight is limiting factor
 Battery charging time

https://cdn.fastnedcharging.com/uploads/images/scaled/banner_image_large/988
Ragone plot
• Power density (W/kg)
• Energy density (Wh/kg)
• Determines weight
Cycle life and safety
• Cycle life depends on
⁃ Temperature
⁃ Charge/discharge rate
⁃ Load profile
• Safety
Battery pack
• Many individual cells
• Battery management system (BMS)
• Different battery shapes
Battery costs
• Materials
• Production
• Cheaper per Wh
• Recycling
Future of EV Batteries
• Performance and safety
• Li-Sulphur, Li-Air
• Solid state electrolyte
• Multivalent Magnesium
Thanks for your attention