Electro Chemistry

VOLUME - I ELECTRO CHEMISTRY
ELECTRO CHEMISTRY
SYNOPSIS
I. ElectroChemistry :
- The conductivity of electrolytic solutions increases with increase of temperature. (The conductivity of
electronic conductors. i.e., metallic conductors, decreases with increase in temperature.)
- According to ohm’s law, V = IR where V is the potential difference expressed in volts ; I is the current
strength expressed in amperes and R is the resistance expressed in ohms. (ohms is designated as W ).
l
R =S l = distance between two electrodes and a = area of cross section
a
S = Resistivity
- Specific Resistance or Resistivity is the resistance offered by a centimetre cube or a conductor. It is
denoted by S.
Reciprocal of resistance (OR) is known as conductance
1 1 1 1 l
C= = l = k. l (or) k = c ´
R S a a a
l
= cell constant = cm-1
a
Unit of conductance is ohm-1 (or) Siemen (SI)
Units of resistivity are : ohm - Cm or W Cm.
- Specific conductance : It is the reciprocal of specific resistance. It is the conductance of one centimetre
1
cube volume of the electrolytic solution. It is denoted by the Greek letter K (Kappa), i.e., K = .
S
- Units of specific conductance are : ohm –1 cm–1. (CGS)
- SI units of conductance (C) are : Siemens, S.
1S = 1 W -1 and of specific conductance are siemens metre –1 (Sm–1) - SI unit
- Equivalent Conductance :
1. It is the conducting power of all the ions produced by dissolving one gram equivalent (g. equiv) of
an electrolyte in solution. It is denoted by Ù (lambda).
2. Equivalent conductance, Ù = K ´ v
(K = Specific conductance ; v is the volume of solution in cm 3 containing one g. equiv. of electrolyte.)
K. 1000 K.1000
3. Also, Ù= = where c is the concentration of the electrolyte in g. equiv. litre –1 or
c N
normality.
- Units of Ù are : ohm–1Cm–2 (g. equiv.)–1.
- Molar Conductance :
1. It is the conducting power of all the ions produced by dissolving one gram mole of an electrolyte in
solution. It is denoted by m .
K ´ 1000
2. m = [K = specific conductance ; M = concentration of the electrolyte in moles per litre]
M
Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET 51

ELECTRO CHEMISTRY VOLUME - I
3. Units of m are ; ohm–1 cm2 mol–1
4. a. Conductance, (C) of the solution is measured by means of Wheatstone bridge method.
Specific Conductance ´ 1000
b. Molar conductance, m = where ‘M’ is the molecular weight of
M
the electrolyte.
c. Specific conductance, K = conductance (C) ´ cell constant (l/a).
[l = distance of separation of two electrodes j, a = cross section area of each electrode).
d. Cell constant is measured using standard KCl solution whose ‘K’ value at the given temperature
can be known from standard tables.
K
i.e., cell constant = .
C
5. Ù value depends upon three factors. They are
a. Nature of the electrolyte
b. Concentration of the solution and
c. Temperature
a. Nature of electrolyte : The conductance of an electrolyte depends upon the number of
ions in the solution.
- Strong electrolytes (eg. NaCl, H2SO4, NaOH) dissociate almost completely into ions in
solutions.
- Hence solutions of strong electrolyes show high specific conductance.(K)
- Weak electrolytes : (eg.) CH3COOH, NH4OH) dissociate to small extents only. Hence
solutions of weak electrolytes show low specific conductance only.
b. Concentration of the solution : The molar conductance (or) equivalent conductance of
an electrolyte increases with decrease in concentration or increase in dilution.
For strong uni-uni valent electrolytes (KCl) the decrease in ‘ Ù ’ with increaseing ‘c’ is not
very large. However the falling off of Ù with c is more marked as the valency of ions
increases.
i. Equivalent Conductance of strong electrolytes : The molar conductance of strong
electrolytes goes on increasing and reaching a limiting value when the concentration
approaches zero. i.e.,at infinite dilution. This value is denoted by Ù o
- Ù c = Ù o - b c where Ù o is molar conductance at infinite dilution and Ù c is that at
concentration c moles litre –1.
é 82.4 8.2 ´ 105 ùú
ê + Ùo
b= ê 1
2
3
2 ú
ë (DT) h (DT) û
D = Dielectric constant of water
T = Absolute temperature
- In case of strong electrolytes, variation of Ù with dilution is small.
Weak electrolytes dissociate to a small extent only. Hence Ù value is low compared to that
of strong electrolytes.
- But the variation of Ù with c is very large.
- Ù o for weak electrolytes cannot be measured directly by extrapolation of Ù values versus
c plots as in the case of strong electrolytes.
- Ù o values for weak electrolytes can be obtained indirectly by applying Kohlrausch law..
52 Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET

ii. Degree of dissociation ( a ) of electrolyte :
a. for weak electrolytes :
Ùc
Degree of dissociation ( a ) = Ù
o
b. for strong electrolytes : There is no increase in the number of ions with dilution. But at
higher concentrations, Ù value is less due to interionic forces.
- Interionic forces are strong forces of attaraction between the ions of opposite charge.
- With dilution, ions move farther. As a result interionic forces decrease. Hence Ù value
increases with dilution.
- Thus for strong electrolytes, the degree of dissociation ‘ a ’ is a measure of the interionic
forces.
c. Temperature : The conductance of an electrolyte increases with increase of temperature.
6. Kohlrausch’s Law :
1. According to Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions. ‘At infinite dilution when the
dissociation is complete each ion makes a definite contribution towards molar conductance of the
electrolyte irrespective of the nature of the other ion with which it is associated.’
l +o and l -o are ionic conductances at infinite dilution ÙSalt
o = l o+ + l o-
Ex.1: The difference between l +o values for K+ and Na+ is 23.4 irrespective of the anion.
Ex.2: The difference between the l -o values for Cl–and NO 3- ions is 4.9 irrespective of the cation.
2. Each ion makes a definite contribution to the molar conductance at infinite dilution irrespective of
the other ion.
3. Hence for a given electrolyte Ù o value can be expressed as the sum of the contributions from the
ions of the electrolyte.
i.e., ÙSalt
o = v+l o+ + v - + lo- where v+ and v - are the numbers of cations and anions per formula unit
of electrolyte.
l +o = Ku +o and l -o = Ku o- , k = constant = 96500 faradays.
Ex. 1 : for NaCl : l¥m (NaCl) = 1. l¥+ (Na+) + 1. l¥- (Cl–)
Ex. 2 : for Al2 (SO4)3 : l¥m = 2. l¥+ (Al3+) + 3. l¥- SO 24- ( )
7. Applications of Kohlrausch’s Law :
1. Ù µ or Ù o value for weak electrolytes can be calculated.
Ex. a : Ùµ (CH3COOH) = l¥+ (H+) + l¥- (CH3COO–) according to Kohlrausch law..
Ù µ values for NaCl, HCl and CH3COONa are determined experimentally and substituted in the
following expression.
Ù µ (CH3COOH) = Ù µ (CH3COONa) + Ù µ (HCl) – Ù µ (NaCl).
Ex. b : Ùµ (NH4OH) = Ùµ (NH4Cl) + Ùµ (NaOH) – Ùµ (NaCl).

- The substance which allows the electric current to pass through it is called electrical conductor.
- Electrical conductors are two types:
i. Metallic conductors or electronic conductors ii. Electrolytic conductors or electrolytes.
- Electronic conductors or metallic conductors are those in which flow of electric current is due to the
movement of free electrons from a higher negative potential region to a lower potential region without
producing any chemical changes in the conductor.
Ex: Metals, alloys, graphite, solid salts like CdS, CuS etc.
- Electrolytic conductors (electrolytes) are in which flow of electric current is due to the movement or
migration of ions towards oppositely charged electrodes and is accompanied by chemical changes at the
electrodes.
Ex: Fused salts, aqueous solutions of salts, acids and bases.
- Differences between electronic conductors and electrolytic conductors.
Electronic conduction Electrolytic conduction
i. Electrons flow from negative end to Ions move towards the oppositely charge electrodes.
positive end.
ii. It involves no change in the chemical It involves chemical reaction which takes place at
properties of the conductor. electrodes.
iii. It does not involve the transfer of It involves transfer of matter in the form of ions.
any matter.
iv. It generally shows increase in resistance It generally shows decrease in resistance as
as temperature increases. So electrical temperature increases since mobility of ions and
conduction decreases. degree of ionisation of electrolyte increases. So
electrical conduction increases.
- Substances whose melts or aqueous solutions do not conduct electric current are called non-electrolytes.
It is due to absence of ions.
- Non polar covalent substances like urea, glucose, sugar etc., are non electrolytes.
ELECTROLYSIS :
- The rods, plates or metal foils through which electric current enter or leave the electrolyte are called as
electrodes.
- The electrode which is connected to the negative pole of the battery is called as cathode or negative
electrode.
- The electrode which is connected to the positive pole of the battery is called as anode or positive electrode.
- The current enters the electrolyte through anode and leaves through cathode.
- At cathode electronation of cation or reduction takes place.
M+ + e– ® M
- At anode deelectronation of anions or oxidation takes place.
X– ® X + e–
- The flow of electrons accross the boundary is accompained by chemical reaction i.e., oxidation-reducation.
Such a reaction is called electrolysis.
- Electrolysis takes place only at the electrodes.

- The electrolyte as a whole remains neutral during the process of electrolysis as equal number of changes
are neutralised at the elctrodes.
- When inert electrodes (like Pt) are used in the electrolysis of aqueous solution of electrolytes, the products
formed at the cathode and anode depend on the nature of electrolyte.
- If more than one type of ions are attracted to the given electrode then the ion discharged is the ion which
requires less energy or the ion which is least active. this is known as preferential discharge.
- If the electrode is active, at cathode metal deposits while at anode metal is dissolved.
- The products formed during the electrolysis of some aqueous electrolytes using inert platinum electrodes
or active electrodes are given in table.
- When fused salts are electrolysed using inert electrodes, they dissociate into their constituent elements.
1
Ex : KCl ¾Electrolys
¾¾¾ is
® K+ Cl 2
2
- When fused salts are electrolysed using active electrodes the anode dissolves due to the formation of ions
while cathode increase due to the deposition of metal.
- When aqueous solution of NaCl is electrolysed H + ions are discharged at cathode liberating H 2 and Cl–
ions are discharged at anode liberating Cl 2.
- On electrolysis of aqueous solution of CuCl 2, copper is deposited on cathode and chlorine is liberated at
anode.
- On electrolysis of aqueous solution of CuSO 4 using Pt electrodes, copper is deposited at cathode and
oxygen is liberated at the anode
Cu2+ + 2e– ® Cu at cathode
4OH– ® 2H2O + O2 + 4e– at anode
The remaining solution after electrolysis contain H 2SO4. pH goes on decreasing with the progress of
electrolysis.
- On electrolysis of aqueous solution CuSO 4 using copper electrodes, copper is deposited at cathode and
anode is dissolved. The concentration of CuSO 4 remains constant.
Cu2+ + 2e– ® Cu at cathode
Cu ® Cu2+ + 2e– at anode
- If an aqueous solution of AgNO3 is electrolysed using silver electrodes silver is deposited at the cathode
and silver anode is dissolved in the electrolyte. Before and after electrolysis the concentration of silver
nitrate is same.
- In the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metals (Na, K, Cs salts) and alkaline earth metals (Ca, Ba,
Sr salts) metal ions do not undergo reduction but H 2O molecules undergo reduction and give H 2 gas at
cathode.
- In the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of salts containing oxoanions like NO3- , SO32- , PO34- etc. using
platinum electrodes these oxoanions do not undergo oxidation but H 2O molecules undergo oxidation and
give O2 gas at anode.

Electrolyte Electrodes Products Electrode reactions

Cathode anode at cathode at anode at cathode at anode
NaCl (aq) Pt Pt H2 Cl2 2H2O +2e– ® H2+2OH– 2Cl– ® Cl2+2e–
K2SO4(aq) Pt Pt H2 O2 2H2O+2e– ® H2+2OH– 2H2O ® O2+4H++4e–
AgNO3(aq) Pt Pt Ag O2 Ag+ + e– ® Ag 2H2O ® O2+4H++4e–
CuCl2(molten) Pt Pt Cu Cl2 Cu2+ + 2e– ® Cu 2Cl– ® Cl2 + 2e–
CuSO4 Pt Pt Cu O2 Cu2+ +2e– ® Cu 2H2O ® O2+4H++4e–
-
50% H2SO4(aq) Pt Pt H2 H2S2O8 2H+ + 2e– ® H2 HSO 4 ® H2S2O+2e–
NaCl (fused) Pt Pt Na Cl2 Na+ + e– ® Na 2Cl– ® Cl2 + 2e–
NiCl2 (fused) Pt Pt Ni Cl2 Ni2+ + 2e– ® Ni 2Cl– ® Cl2 + 2e–
MgCl2(fused_ steel graphite Mg Cl2 Mg2+ + 2e– ® Mg 2Cl– ® Cl2 + 2e–
Al2O3 (fused) +
Cryolite graphite graphite Al F2 Al3++ 3e– ® Al 2F– ® F2 + 2e–
Faradays Laws:
- Faraday explained that the decomposition of electrolytes by an electric current is governed by two laws.
- First Law: The amount of the substance liberated or deposited or dissolved at an electrode during electrolysis
of an electrolyte is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passing through the solution of electrolyte
or the melt.
- Mathematically Faraday’s first law is m µ q or m = eq or m = ect.
where m is the mass of the substance liberated or deposited or dissolved.
q is the quantity of electricity in coulombs.
c is the strength of current in amperes.
t is the time in seconds
e is the electrochemical equivalent of the ion or metal or molecule deposited or liberated or dissolved of
the electrode.
- Electrochemical equivalent of a substance deposited or liberated or dissolved or underwent electorde
reaction at an electrode by passing one ampere current for one second i.e. one coulomb.
- Chemical equivalent of a substance deposited or liberated or dissolved or had undergone electrode reaction
at an electrode during the passage of one faraday of electricity during the electrolysis of electrolyte
solution or melt.
- Chemical equivalent of an element or ion
atomic weight
= valency or ch arg e of the ion
- The electrochemical equivalent of on element is directly proportional to its chemical equivalent E.

e µ E or E = F ´ e
- Units of electrochemical equivalent is gram coulomb –1.

- One faraday is equal to 96500 coulombs.
- One faraday i.e., 96,500 coulombs is equal to the charge present on one mole (6.023 ´ 1023) of electrons
or protons.
E´ C ´ t E
- m= Qe=
96500 96500
- Second Law: If the same quantity of electricity is passed through different electrolyte solutions or melts,
the amount of the different substances liberated or deposited or dissolved or had undergone reactions of
the electrode are directly proportional to their chemical equivalents.
W1 W2 W3
= =
E1 E2 E2
Element (or) ion Chemical equivalent

Na + 23
K+ 39
Ag+ 108
H+ 1
-2
O 8
Mg+ 12
Cu+2 31.75
Zn+2 32.7
Al +3 9
Cl- 35.5
FOR PROBLEMS :
Different equations used for calculation purposes are
E´ ct
a. m = ect (or) m = eq b. m=
96500
Equivalent volume of gas at STP

c. volume of gas at STP = ´ Ct
96500
1 gm equivalent weight of H 2 occupies 11.2 lit at STP.
1 gm equivalent weight of Cl 2 occupies 11.2 lit at STP.
1 gm equivalent weight of O 2 occupies 5.6 lit at STP
wt of X Eq. wt of X
d. wt of Y = Eq.wt of Y
6.023´ 10 23 ´ c ´ t
e . No. of electrons passed when Q coulombs of electricity is passed =
96500
M ć´ t
f. m=
nF

g. No. of Faradays Substance No.of mole deposited
+
1F AgCl (M ) 1 mole
+
2F AgCl (M ) 2 mole
3F Agcl (M+) 3 mole
1
1F CuCl2 (M2+) mole
2
2F CuCl2 (M2+) 1 mole

3F CuCl2 (M2+) 1.5 mole
1
1F AlCl3 (M3+) mole
3
2
2F AlCl3 (M3+) mole
3
3F AlCl3 (M3+) 1 mole
h. No. of faradays passed Substance eq.wt of gas liberated Eq. volume of gas
liberated at STP
1F aq.HCl 1 gm of H2 11.2 l of H2
1F aq HCl 36.5 gm of Cl2 11.2 l of Cl2
1F aq H2SO4 8 gm of O2 5.6 l of O2
Galvanic for voltaic cells :

- In an electrolytic cell electrical energy is converted into chemical energy.
- In a galvanic or voltaic cell chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.
- Daniel cell is a typical example for galvanic or voltaic cell.
- In a galvinc or voltaic cell a spontaneous chemical oxidation-reduction reaction occurs and generates
electrical energy.
- Voltaic cells contain two half cels that are electrically connected to each other.
- Each half cell in a voltaic cell is called single electrode.
M
- A simple half cell is constructed by dipping a metal rod into its own ions. +
.
M (naq )
- In the Daniel cell metal ions flow from one half cell to the other through salt bridge.
- Half cells can be made by using metal / metal ions or non-metal / non-metal ions.
Daniel cell (or) Elctrochemical cell is denoted as
LHS RHS
Anode [-ve] Cathode [+ve]
Oxidation takesplace Reduction takesplace
+2 +2
Zn (s) / Zn (aq) Cu (aq ) / Cu (s)
- The two parallel lines between the two half cell indicates salt bridge.
In the Daniel cell at zinc electrode (or anode) zinc undergoes oxidation or delectronation takes place and
Zn2+ ions goes into solutions.
Zn(s) ® Zn (2aq+ ) + 2e–

In the Daniel cell at copper electrode (or cathode) Cu 2+ ions gains electrons or electron atom takes place
and Cu atoms deposition the cathode1.
Cu (2aq+ ) + 2e - ® Cu (s )
2+
ˆˆ† Zn ( aq ) + Cu(s)
+2
Net reaction is Zn(s) + Cu (aq ) ‡ˆˆ
The twl half cells in a voltaic cell are connected to each other through a salt bridge for electrical neutrality
in half cells.
- Salt bridge contains generally KCl or NH 4NO3 dissolved in a gelatin gel.
- A voltaic cell may be reversible or irreversible.
- In a reversible voltaic cell the cathodic and anodic reactions are always in equilibrium state.
- A reversible cell should satisfy the following conditions:
i. If a voltaic cell is connected to an external source of emf equal to that of voltaic cell no current flows
in the voltaic cell and the cell reaction stops.
ii. If the emf of the external source is more than the emf of voltaic cell current flows from the external
source into the voltaic cell and the reaction in the cell will be reversed.
iii. If the emf of the external source is less than the emf of the voltaic cell current flows from the voltaic
cell into the external source.
If a cell do not satisfy the above conditions it is said to be irreversable.
- Daniel cell is a reversible cell.
Single Electrode Potential:

- The single electrode potential of an electrode or half-cell is the potential developed at the interface of an
element in contact with its own ions.
- The magnitude of the potential (E) developed in a half-cell depends on :
i. Chemical nature of the metal or non-metal.
ii. Number of electrons (n) transferred in the half-cell reaction as
Mn+ + ne– ® M (M = metal)
A + ne– ® An– (A = non-metal)
iii. The concentration (C) of the ions (M n+ or A–) in the solution.
iv. Temperature of the system.
- Single electrode potential cannot be measured or determined experimentally.
- The electrode of known potential used to determine the potential of another electrode in the potentiometric
method is called reference electrode.
- Hydrogen electrode is the earliest reference electrode.
- The potential of hydrogen electrode when hydrogen gas at one atmosphere pressure is in contact with H +
ions of unit activity in solution is assumed as zero. This is known as Normal hydrogen electrode (NHE)
or Standard hydrogen electrode (SHE).
- Hydrogen electrode is a reversible electrode.
ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES AND STANDARD ELECTRODE POTENTIALS:

- The single electrode potential meausred at 25 oC when an electrode is placed in a solution of its own ions
of unit activity (or concentration) is called standard electrode potential.
- If the element is a gas it should be at 1 atm pressure.
- On combing an electrode with NHE if reduction takes place at the electrode the potential of the electrode
is called as reduction potential and it is given +ve sign as reduction potential or –ve sign as oxidation
potential.
- On combining an electrode with NHE if oxidation takes place at the electrode the potential of the electrode
is called as oxidation potential and it is given +ve sign as oxidation potential or –ve sign as reduction
potential.
- Standard reduction potential = – (Standard oxidation potential)
- Standard oxidation potential = – (Standard reduction potential)
- As per IUPAC nomenclature the signel electrodes are represented as follows.
i. Metal ion symbol is first written followed by metal with a vertical line between the two
a. Zinc electrode Zn2+ | Zn
b. Copper electrode Cu2+ | Cu
ii. For nonmetal electrodes the non metal symbol (x 2) is first written followed by nonmetal ion symbol
(Xn–) with concentration and a vertical line between two phases. Platinum symbol Pt is written before
non metal symbol
a. Hydrogen electrode Pt, H2 | H+
b. Chlorine electrode Pt, Cl2|Cl–
c. Oxygen electrode Pt, O2|OH–
- In the IUPAC system the standard potentials given are standard reduction potentials.
- The arrangement of various electrodes in the increasing order of their standard potentials (standard
reduction potentials) is called electrochemical series or electromatic series.
- A part of the electrochemical series is given in the table.
- The elements which are above hydrogen in emf series can reduce H + ions and liberate hydrogen gas from
acids.
- The elements which are below hydrogen in emf series cannot reduce H + and they cannot displace hydrogen
from acids.
- The metals at the top are strongly electropositive and act as strong reducing agents.
Li is strongest reducing agent in solutions and F 2 is strongest oxidising agent.
- An element above in the emf series can displace an element below to it from its salt solition but not vice
versa.
- Hydroxides of metals in the upper part of the series are strongly basic and these salts do not under go
hydrolysis.
- Hydroxides of metals at the lower part of the series are weakly basic and their salts undergo hydrolysis.

ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES
Electrode system Eo(V) Vs NHE Electrode reaction
+
Li |Li –3.045 Li+ + e– Li
K+|K –2.925 K + + e– K
Ca2+|Ca –2.870 Ca2+ + 2e– Ca
Na+|Na –2.714 Na+ + e– Na
Zn2+|Zn –0.762 Zn2+ + 2e– Zn
Fe2+|Fe –0.441 Fe2+ + 2e– Fe
Cd2+|Cd –0.403 Cd2+ + 2e– Cd
Co2+|Co –0.277 Co2+ + 2e– Co
Ni2+|Ni –0.250 Ni2+ + 2e– Ni
Sn2+ | Sn –0.140 Sn2+ + 2e– Sn
Pb2+ | Pb –0.126 Pb2+ + 2e– Pb
1
H+ |H2|Pt ± 0.000 H+ + e– H2
2
Cu2+ | Cu + 0.337 Cu2+ + 2e– Cu

I2 | I– | Pt +0.536 I2 + 2e– 2I–
Fe3+|Fe2+|Pt +0.771 Fe3+ + e– Fe2+
Ag+ |Ag +0.799 Ag+ + e– Ag
Pt | Br2|Br– +1.065 Br2 + 2e– 2Br–
Pt | Cl2|Cl– +1.360 Cl2 + 2e– 2Cl–
Pt | F2|F +2.87 F2 + 2e– 2F–
NERNST EQUATION:
- Nernst equation gives the dependence of the electrode potential on the concentration of ions with which
the electrode is reversible.
- For a metal electrode the reduction reaction is M n+ + ne– M
The Nernst equation to calculate the electrode potential at different concentration is
2.303RT [M ]
E = Eo – log n + (or)
nF [M ]
2.303RT
E = Eo + log C
nF
Since M is solid its activity will be unity.
- For a non-metal electrode the reduction reaction is A + ne – An–
The Nernst equation to calculate electrode potential at different concentration is
2.303RT [A n- ]
E=E – o log (or)
nF [A]
2.303RT
E = Eo – log [A n - ]
nF
since the activity of A is unity.
- General equation for any electrode is
2.303RT [Pr oducts ]
E = Eo – log
nF [Re ac tan ts ]
where E is the electrode potential at required concentration
Eo is the standard electrode potential
R is the gas constant
T is the absolute temperature
n is the number of electrons involved in the reaction.
–F is the Faraday i.e., 96500 coulomb
[M] or [A] are the activities of metal or non metal respectively.
[Mn+] is activity of metal on and [A n–] is the activity of non metal ion taken as molar concentrations.
- At 25oC by substituting the values of R, T and F values the Nernst equation is
0.059 [Pr oducts]
E = Eo – log
n [Re ac tan ts]
REPRESENTATION OF THE GALVANIC CELL:

- According to IUPAC system the reversible cell is represented by following the conventions:
i. The separation of two phases in a half cell or single electrode is represented by a line.
ii. The electrode with least reduction potential value (more with –ve sign) should be identified as anode.
iii. The electrode with highest reduction potential value (less with –ve sign) should be identified as
cathode.
iv. Then write anode on the left side and cathode on the right side with the solids on extreme ends.
CALCULATION OF CELL POTENTIAL:
- The standard emf (Eo) of the galvanic cell is calculated using the equation.
E ocell = E ocathode - E oanode (or)
= E oreduction electrode - E ooxidation electrode (or)
= E oRHE - E oLHE
RHE = right hand electrode and
LHE = left hand electrode
- Eo cell is always positive so that the cell reaction is spontaneous.
- If the emf of the cell is more the reaction is faster.
- The emf of the cell (E o) depends on the intensity of the reaction in the cell.
- The electromotive force or emf or cell potential is the difference in the potential of the two half-cells in a
cell.

- The emf of a cell at different concentrations can be calculated using the equation
(
E = E cathode - E anode +
o o
) 0.059
2
log
[oxidant ]
[reduc tan t ]
- For Daniel cell of emf of a cell at different concentration is
( )
E = E oCu 2+ / Cu - E oZn 2+ / Zn +
0.059
2
log
[Cu 2+ ]
[ Zn 2+ ]
Electrochemical cells and Free energy :
1. A galvanic cell is a source of electrical energy which can be quatitatively converted into work.
2. The electrical work or the electrical energy is equal to the product of the EMF of the cell [E cell]
and the electrical charge that flows through the external wire.
3. If ‘n’ is the number of moles of electrons flowing through the wire and ‘F’ is one faraday of
electricity. Then charge flowing through the wire is equal to nF coulombs.
Then, Electrical work, WElec. = nF ´ Ecell (Volt. coulombs or joules)
4. The free energy change ( D G) for a process occuring at constant temperature T and pressure, P is
the measure of useful work that can be obtained.
i.e., D G = WElec. and WElec. = nFE.
5. In electrochemical cells, work is done by the system and by convention it is taken to be negative.
\ D G = –nFE.
6. Standard Free Energy change, D G0 = –nFE0.

7. For a cell reaction to be spontaneous, D G must be negative and for D G to be negative, the value
of Ecell must be positive.
FOR PROBLEMS :
Relationship between standard EMF (E 0cell ) and Equilibrium constant, K.
1. Standard free energy change ( D G0) is related to the equilibrium constant,
K as ( D G0) = –R T l n Kc
Also, D G = – nFE
0 0
\ – nFE0 = –R T ln Kc
i.e., nFE0 = R T ln Kc
= 2.303 RT log Kc
2.303 RT
or, E 0cell = log Kc.
nF
2. At 2980K, substituting the values of R = 8.314 joules, F = 96500 coulombs,
0.059
E 0cell = log Kc.
n
- Commercial Cells :
- Main use of galvanic cells is generation of portable electrical energy, such cells are called batteries.
- Battery is an arrangement of electrochemical cells used as a source of electrical energy.
- There are two types of commercial cells :
i. Primary cells and ii. Secondary cells.
i. Primary cells : In these cells the electrode reactions cannot be reversed by an external energy
source. Reactions occur only once and after use they are dead. i.e., primary cells are not chargeable.
Ex : Dry cells, mercury cell, Leclanche cell
Dry Cell : (Modicfication of leclanche cell)
(-ve) Anode : Zinc vessel (or) cup
(+ve) cathode : Carbon rod at the centre
Electolyte : Paste of C + MnO 2 and paste of NH4Cl + ZnCl2
EMF : 1.5 V
® Zn +2 + 2e -
At Zn anode: Zn ¾¾
At cthode : 2MnO2 + 2H2O + 2e- ¾¾

® 2MnO(OH)+ 2OH
-
Other secondary reactions are

Zn+2 + 2NH3 + 2Cl- ¾¾
® [Zn(NH3)2] Cl2 (or) ZnCl2 2NH3
.
Leclanche Cell : Anode ® Amalgamated Zn

Cathode ® Carbon
Electrolyte ® NH4Cl solutuion + C + MnO2
ii. Secondary cells : In these cells, the reactions can be reversed by an external electrical energy
source. These cells can be recharged by passing electric current and are used again and again.
There are also called storage cells.
Ex : Lead storage battery (Acidstorage cell)
This principle is called “double sulphation” proposed by Glasstone and Trube
Pb|PbSO4(s), H2SO4(aq) PbSO4(s), PbO2 (s)
|Pb
This consist of two lead electrods, sponge lead as anode and lead coated with PbO 2 as cathode.
During charging and discharging following reaction takes place
¾¾¾¾
disch arg e
Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 ¬¾¾¾ ¾® 2PbSO + 2H O
ch arg e 4 2
The voltage of this cell varies from 1.88V (5% H 2SO4) to 2.15V (40% H2SO4)
- Dry cells are used in torches, toys, flash lights, calculators, tape recorders etc. These are based on
Leclanche cell.
- Fuel cells : These are voltaic cells designed to convert the energy from the combustion of fuels such as
H2, CO, CH4 etc directly into electrical energy.
A fuel cell is represented as
Fuel | Electrode | Electrolyte | Electrode | Oxidant
These cells contain
Fuels - H2, alkanes, CO
oxidants - O2, air, H2O2, HNO3
Electrodes - Pt, porous PVC (or) PTFE coated with Ag, Nickel boride and Raney Nickel
- The divided into three types on the basis of temp.
Low temp. cells (< 100oC)

o
Medium temp. cells (100 - 250 C)
High temp. cells (> 500 oC)
- Hydrogen - Oxygen fuel cell is one such cell, the net reaction this cell is 2H 2 + O2 ® 2H2O(l)
- Fuel cells run continuously as long as the reactants are fed into the cell.
- Conventional methods of production of electrical energy involve combustion of a fuel to liberate heat
which is then used to produce electricity.
- Fuel cells are a continuous source of energy with an efficiency of (100%)
- Fuel cells do not cause pollution problems.
- Corrosion :
1. The natural tendency of a metal for conversion in to its minaral compound form is called corrosion.
Ex: Corrosion of iron into iron oxide is known as rusting
corrosion of silver into its sulphide isknown as tarnishing.
2. The process of corrasion is chemical (or) electrochemical in nature i.e anodic dissolution of metal.
It is of two types.
i) Hydrogen evolution type ® metals with higher -ve potential than H 2
ii) Differential oxygenation type ® metal surface with non uniform distribution of O 2
3. Corrosion is a process of conversion of metals into undesirable compounds (usually oxides) when
they are exposed to atmosphere containing air and moisture.
4. Almost all metals except the least active metals such as gold, platinum, palladium undergo corrosion.
6. In case of iron, corrosion is called ‘rusting’ chemically rust is hydrated form of ferric oxide, Fe 2O3.
xH 2O.
7. Rusting takes place only when iron is contact with moist air. Iron does not rust in dry air or
vacuum.
8. Causes for corrosion are :
a. position of metal in emf series (more reactive nature of the metal).
b. presence of impurities in metals which set up voltaic cells.
c. presence of electrolytes in water and
d. presence of CO2 in water.
6. Rusting of iron can be prevented by :
i. Barrier protection : Which can be achieved by
a. Coating the surface with a paint
b. Protecting the surface by applying a thin film of oil or greese.
c. Electroplating the metal with metals like tin, nickel, zinc, chromium
ii. Sacrificial protection : Such as galvanisation.
iii. Electrical Protection : An article of iron connected with more active metal like magnesium
or zinc.
iv. Using anti - rust solutions : eg., iron articles are dipped in boiling alkaline sodium phosphate
solutions when a protective insoluble sticking film of iron phosphate is formed.

EXERCISE – I 2. its equivalent conductance decreases

3. its specific conductance decreases and
equivalent conductance increases
1. If the specific resistance of a solution of
4. both equivalent and specific conductance
concentration c g. equiv./litre is ‘A’, then its
increases
equivalent conductance is
9. Equivalent conductance of NaCl, HCl and
1000A AĆ
1. 2. CH3COONa at infinite dilution are 126.45,
C 1000 426.16 and 91 ohm –1 cm 2 respectively. The
1000 C equivalent conductance of CH3COOH is
3. 4. 1000 A 1. 201.28 ohm–1 cm2 2. 390.71 ohm–1 cm2
AĆ
3. 698.28 ohm–1 cm2 4. 540.48 ohm–1 cm2
2. According to Kohlrausch’s law the value of Ù o
10. The correct order of equivalent conductance
of an electrolyte X2Y which dissociates as at infinite dilution of LiCl, NaCl and KCl is
2 X+ + Y– is given by 1. LiCl>NaCl>KCl 2. KCl>NaCl>LiCl
¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
1. l x + + l g - 2. l x + - l g - 3. NaCl>KCl>LiCl 4. LiCl>KCl>NaCl
¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
11. Solid NaCl is a bad conductor of electricity
3. l x + ´ l g - 4. 2l x + + l g - because
1. Solid NaCl is covalent
3. The units of equivalent conductivity of solution
2. In solid state there are no ions
are
3. In solid NaCl there is no migration of ions
1. W-1 2. W-1 cm equiv-1 4. In solid NaCl there are no electrons
3. W-1 cm equiv 4. W-1 cm2 equiv-1
12. Electrolysis is a process in which the cations
4. Which of the following statements is/ are and anions of the electrolyte are
incorrect? 1. Hydrated 2. Hydrolysed
1. Specific conductance increases with dilution 3. Charged 4. discharged
2. Equivalent conductance decreases with
13. A solution of Na2SO4 in water is electrolysed
dilution
using inert electrodes. The products at anode
3. The conductance of all electrolytes increase
and cathode are respectively
with temperature. Select the correct answer
1. H2,SO2 2.O2,H2 3. O2,Na 4.O2,SO2
using the codes given below :
1. 2 and 3 2. 1 alone 14. The reactions taking place at anode or
3. 1 and 2 4. 1 and 3 cathode are respectively
1. Oxidation, reduction
5. Which of the following is not a good conductor?
2. Reduction, oxidation
1. aqueous solution of NaCl
3. Oxidation, hydrolysis
2. fused NaCl 3. solid NaCl
4. Reduction, hydrolysis
4. silver
15. Which of the following is not an anodic
6. The ionic conductance of Ba2+ and Cl– are
reaction?
respectively 127 and 76 Ohm –1 cm2 at infinite
1. Cu ® Cu2+ + 2e– 2. Fe2+ ® Fe3++e–
dilution. The equivalent conductance in
3. Ag+ ® Ag – e–
Ohm–1 cm2 of BaCl2 at infinite dilution will
4. 4OH– ® 2H2O + O2+ 4e–
be
1. 139.5 2. 203 3. 279 4. 101.5 16. Two platinum electrodes were immersed in a
solution of CuSO4 and electric current was
7. Minimum equivalent conductance in fused
passed through the solution. After sometime
state is shown by
the colour of CuSO 4 disappered with the
1. MgCl2 2. BeCl2 3. CaCl2 4. SrCl2
evolution of gas at the electrode. The
8. When a concentrated solution of an electrolyte colourless solution contains
is diluted 1. Platinum sulphate 2. copper sulphate
1. its specific conductance increases 3. Copper hydroxide 4. Sulphuric acid
17. What is the amount of chlorine produced at 27. In the electrolytic cell the current flows from
the anode by passing a current of 1 ampere 1. cathode to anode in outer circuit
for 30 minutes through a voltameter 2. anode to cathode out side th cell
containing aqueous NaCl? 3. cathode to anode inside the cell
1. 0.33g 2.0.66g 3. 0.33mol 4.0.66mol 4. none of the above
18. Electrolysis of molten NaCl leads to the 28. After electrolysis of aq solution of NaCl using
formation of pt electrodes. The pH of the solution
1. Sodium and hydrogen 1. Increases 2. decreases
2. Sodium and Oxygen 3. remains constant 4. becomes zero
3. Hydrogen and Oxygen 29. Aqueous solution of AgNO3 is electrolysed
4. Sodium and chlorine using inert electrodes. At the end of
19. NaOH is manufactured by the electrolysis of electrolysis
brine solution. The products of the reaction 1. the pH os solution increases
are 2. the pH of solution decreases
1. Cl2 and H2 2. Cl2 and Na-Hg 3. pH of the solution remain unchanged
3. Cl2 and Na 4. Cl2 and O2 4. pH of the solution become 14
20. On the electrolysis of aqueous solution of 30. In aq. medium maximum conductivity is
sodium sulphate, on cathode we get shown by
1. Na 2. H2 3. SO2 4. SO3 1. LiCl 2. NaCl 3. KCl 4. CsCl
21. The best conduct or of electricity is 1M 31. During electrolysis of fused NaOH. Ion
solution of moving towards anode is
1.H2SO4 2.H3PO4 3.CH3COOH 4.H3BO3 1. Na+ 2. OH– 3. H+ 4. none
22. Which of the following is not an electronic 32. If mercury is used as cathode in the
conductor elctrolysis of aq NaCl solution, the ion
1. graphite 2. fused NaCl discharged at cathode are
3. silver 4. Cd(s) 1. H+ 2. Na+ 3. OH– 4. Cl–
33. In the electrolysis of which solution OH – ions
23. In which of the following HCl conductors are discharged in preference to Cl – ions
electricity to largest extent 1. concentrated NaCl 2. very dilute NaCl
1. liq HCl 2. HCl aq. solution 3. fused NaCl 4. solid NaCl
3. HCl solution in benzene
4. gaseous HCl 34. During electrolysis of fused CaH 2, H 2 is
liberated at
24. The degree of dissociation of an electrolyte 1. anode 2. cathode
in aqueous solution depends on 3. either electrode 4. not at all
1. temperature
2. concentration of electrolyte 35. During electrolysis of H 2O, the volume ratio
3. nature of electrolyte 4. all of H2 and O2 formed is
25. What happens at infinite dilution in a given 1. 2 : 1 2. 1 : 2 3. 1 : 3 4. 3 : 1
solution 36. The non metal that can be prepared only by
1. the degree of dissociation is one for weak electrolysis method is
electrolytes 1. O2 2. F2 3. Cl2 4. P
2. The electrolyte is 100% ionised 37. Which one of the following statement is not
3. all inter ionic effects disappear applicable to electrolytic conductors
4. all the three 1. New products show up at the electrodes
26. The electrode through which the electrons 2. Ions are repsonsible for carrying current
enter the electrolytic solution is 3. show positive temperature coefficient for
1. cathode 2. anode conductance
3. may be anode (or) cathode 4. a single steam of electrons flow from cathode
4. neither anode nor cathode to anode
38. The cathode (or) negative electrode of an 49. To deposite 6.02 ´ 10 molecules of Cl2 we
23
electrolytic cell resembles a reducing agent need

because both 1. 2 mole of e– 2. 96500 amperes
1. are metals 2. supply electrons 3. 6.023 ´ 1023 coulomb 4. 1 mole of e–
3. remove electrons 4. absorb electrons
50. The no. of faradays required to deposit one
39. Which give hydrogen at anode mole of atoms of metal M at the cathode.
1. aq HCl 2. aq. H2SO4 When a solution of its ions M n+ is electrolysed
3. hydrolith (or) fused CaH2 4. aq NaOH is
40. Coulomb denotes quantity of electricity 1
ampere denotes 1. 2. 1
n
1. quantity of current passed in one sec n
2. strength of electric current 3. n 4.
relative atomic mass M
3. weight of the substance deposited (or)
liberated at an electrode 51. According to Faradays Ist law of electrolysis
4. it is unit of electricity mass of an ion liberated is equal to
41. The unit of electro chemical equivalent is e ect
1. ec 2. 3. ect 4.
1. gram 2. gram / ampere Q nR
3. gram / coulomb 4. coulomb / gram 52. The no. of electrons involved in the reaction
42. Faradays laws of electrolysis fails when when a faraday of electricity is passed
1. temperature increased through an electrolyte solution is
2. inert electrodes are used 1. 12 ´ 1046 2. 96500
3. a mixture of electrolytes is used 3. 8 ´ 10 16
4. 6 ´ 1023
4. in none of these cases 53. The no. of coulombs required for the
43. 0.1 ampere current is passed for 10 sec conversion of one mole of MnO -4 to one mole
through copper & silver voltameter. The of Mn2+ is
metal that is deposited more is 1. 96500 2. 96500 ´ 3
1. Cu 2. Ag 3. both 1 & 2 4. none 3. 96500 ´ 5 4. 96500 ´ 7
44. The number of faradays required to liberate 54. When 1F electricity is passed through CuSO 4
1 mole of any element indicates solution number of atoms of copper formed
1. weight of the element is
2. conductance of the electrolyte 1. 6.02 ´ 1023 2. 3.01 ´ 1023
3. charge on the ion of the element 3. 2 4. 2 ´ 6.02 ´ 1023
4. none 55. The weight of silver displaced by that quantity
45. Quantity of electricity is measured in of current which displaced 112 ml of H 2 at
1. ampere.sec 2. ampere STP will be
3. ampere .sec –1
4. ampere–1 sec 1. 1.08 gm 2. 10.8 gm
3. 0.108 gm 4. 108 gm
46. Smallest unit of charge
1. volt 2. ampere 3. coulomb 4. none 56. When 9.65 coulomb of electricity is passed
through a solution of AgNO3. The amount of
47. One Faraday of electricity will liberate one Ag deposited is
gram atom of the metal from the solution of 1. 10.8 mg 2. 5.4 mg
1. ZnCl2 2. AlCl3 3. AgNO3 4. CuSO4 3. 16.2 mg 4. 21.2 mg
57. 1 mole of Al is deposited by X coulomb of
48. On electrolysis of aq CuSO 4, one mole of
electricity passing through Al (NO 3)3 solution.
copper atoms will be deposited by
The no. of moles of silver deposited by X
1. one mole of e 2. two mole of e
coulomb of electrility from silver nitrate
3. half a mole of e 4. two electrons
solution
1. 3 2. 4 3. 2 4. 1
58. A certain current liberates 0.504 gm of H 2 in 69. A current of 9.65 amp flowing for 10 minutes
2 hr. How many gram of copper can be to deposit 3.0 gm of metal. The equivalent
liberated by the same current flowing for the weight of metal is
same time in CuSO4 solution 1. 10 2. 30 3. 50 4. 96.5
1. 12.7 2. 16 3. 31.8 4. 63.5 70. The current strength required to displace 0.1
59. A current of 2 amp was passed through gm of H2 in 10 sec is
solution of CuSO 4 & AgNO 3 in series 1. 9.65 amp 2. 1.988 amp
0.635 gm of copper was deposited. Then the 3. 198 amp 4. 965 amp
weight of silver deposited will be 71. On electrolysing a sample of acidified water
1. 0.59 gm 2. 3.24 gm 3. 1.08 gm 4. 2.16 gm 22.4 ml of H2 was obtained. The volume of
60. A current of 2.6 amp was passed throug oxygen in ml obtained is
CuSO4 solution for 380 sec. The amount of 1. 22.4 2. 44.8 3. 11.2 4. 2.24
Cu deposited is 72. The passge of electricity through dil H 2SO4
1. 0.3250 gm 2. 0.635 gm for 16 minutes liberates a total of 224 ml of
3. 6.35 gm 4. 3.175 gm H2. The strength of the current in amperes
will be
61. Passage of 96500 coulomb of electricity
1. 5A 2. 3A 3. 4A 4. 2A
liberates ––– litre of O 2 at NTP during
73. In Daniel cell
electrolysis
1. zinc is oxidised to zinc ions
1. 5.6 2. 6.5 3. 22.2 4. 11.2 2. copper is oxidised to copper ions
62. During electrolysis of an aq CuSO 4, 0.635 3. silver is oxidised to silver ions
gm of copper was deposited at cathode. The 4. none of these
amount of electricity consumed in coulomb is 74. Which of the following energy changes occur
1. 1930 2. 3860 3. 9650 4. 4825 in galvanic cells
63. An ion is reduced to the element when it 1. electrical energy ® chemical energy
absorb 6 ´ 1020 electrons. The number of 2. chemical energy ® electric energy
equivalents of the ion is 3. chemical energy into internal energy
1. 0.10 2. 0.01 3. 0.001 4. 0.0001 4. internal energy into electrical energy
64. How many electrons are there in one coulomb 75. The emf of a voltaic cell is negative. So
1. 6.02 ´ 1021 2. 6.24 ´ 1018 oxidation and reduction respectively occur at
3. 6.24 ´ 1015 4. 6.02 ´ 1016 the
1. RHE, LHE 2. LHE, RHE
65. In the electrolysis of CuCl 2 solution using Cu 3. both 4. none
electrodes the mass of cathode increases by
3.18 gm what happened at the other electrode 76. The function of salt bridge is
1. to separate two half cells
1. 0.05 mole of Cu2+ ion passed into solution
2. to allow ions to go from one cell to another
2. 0.112 litre of Cl2 was liberated 3. to keep emf of the cell positive
3. 0.56 litre of O2 was liberated 4. to maintain electrical neutrality of the solution
4. 0.1 mole of Cu2+ ion passed into the solution in two electrodes
66. No. of Faradays required to liberate 8 gm of 77. If a salt bridge is not used between two half
H2 is cells, the voltage
1. 8 2. 16 3. 4 3. 2 1. drops to zero 2. does not change
3. increases gradually 4. increases rapidly
67. The weight ratio of Al & Ag deposited using
same quantity of current is 78. Cell reaction for the cell Zn / Zn 2+ // Cd2+ /Cd
1. 9 : 108 2. 2 : 12 3. 108 : 9 4. 3 : 8 is given as
68. 20 gm of chlorine is evolved in 6hr from NaCl 1. Cd ® Cd2+ + 2e– 2. Zn ® Zn2+ + 2e–
solution by the current of 3. Zn ® Zn – 2e
2+ –
1. 5 amp 2. 10 amp 3. 2.5 amp 4. 50 amp 4. Zn + Cd2+ ® Zn2+ + Cd

79. In the reaction Cu(s) + 2Ag ® Cu + 2Ag(s).
+ 2+
assigned a potential of
The reduction half cell reaction is 1. 1.0 V 2. 2.0V 3. 0.5 V 4. 0.0V
1. Cu + 2e– ® Cu–2 2. Cu – 2e– ® Cu2+
89. Nernst equation is given by
3. Ag+ + e– ® Ag 4. Ag – e– ® Ag+
0.0591 [Re duced form ]
80. The passage of electricity in Daniel cell when 1. E = Eo – log
n [Oxidised form ]
Zn & Cu electrodes are connected
1. from Cu to Zn inside the cell 0.0591 [Oxidised form]
2. E = Eo + log
2. from Cu to Zn outside the cell n [Re duced form]
3. from Zn to Cu outside the cell 0.59 [Oxidised form]
4. none 3. E = Eo – log
n [Re duced form]
81. In an electro chemical cell electrons flow
0.591 [Re duced form]
from 4. Eo = E + log
1. cathode to anode 2. anode to cathode n [Oxidised form]
3. anode to solution 4. solution to cathode 90. The position of some metals in the electro
82. In galvanic cell which is wrong chemical series in decreasing electro positive
1. anode has negative polarity character is given as Mg > Al > Zn > Cu >
2. cathode has positive polarity Ag. What will happen if a copper spoon is
3. reduction takes place at anode used to stirr a solution of aluminium nitrate.
4. reduction takes place at cathode 1. the spoon will get coated with aluminium
83. Electrode potential measures the 2. an alloy of copper and aluminium is formed
1. tendency of the electrode to gain (or) lose 3. the solution become blue
electron 4. there is no reaction
2. tendency of the cell reaction to occur 91. When a copper wire immersed in a solution
3. difference in the ionisation potential of of AgNO3, the colour of solution becomes blue
electrode 2 metal ion because copper
4. current carried by an electrode
1. forms, soluble complex with AgNO 3
84. Which of the following is not true of a voltaic 2. oxidised to Cu2+
cell 3. reduced to Cu2+
1. the electrode at which oxidation takes place 4. splits up into atomic form & dissolves
is anode
2. the electrode at which reduction takes place 92. Which metal can deposit copper from CuSO 4
is cathode solution
3. the medium in which the electrodes are dipped 1. Hg 2. Fe 3. Au 4. Pt
should be a solution of an electrolyte 93. On the basis of position in the electrochemical
4. the electrodes should always be of metals series the metal which does not displace
85. When the cell reaction in a voltaic cell is hydrogen from water and acid is
reversed by reversing the direction of the 1. Hg 2. Al 3. Pb 4. Ba
electron flow, the voltaic cell is changed into 94. The standard reduction potential values of
1. reversible cell 2. an electrolytic cell element A, B and C are +0.68, –2.5 and –0.5
3. a concentration cell 4. a fuel cell V respectively. The order of reducing power
is
86. Common electrolyte used in salt bridge 1. A > B > C 2. A > C > B
1. LiCl 2. NaCl 3. KCl 4. CsCl 3. C > B > A 4. B > C > A
87. In an electrolytic cell Ag/AgNO 3/Ag when 95. If the half cell reaction A + e – ® A– has large
current is passed the concentration of AgNO 3 negative reduction potential, it follows that
1. increases 2. decreases 1. A is readily reduced 2. A is readily oxidised
3. remains same 4. none 3. A– is readily reduced 4. A– is readily oxidised
88. Normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) is
96. The metal that can not be obtained by the E oH + / H = -0.00 V and E o + = 0.34 V . The
2 Cu / Cu
electrolysis of the aqueous solution of its salt
strongest oxidising agent is
are
1. K+ 2. Zn2+ 3. H+ 4. Cu2+
1. Ag 2. Cr 3. Cu 4. Al
104. Which metal does not give this reaction
97. A correct electro chemical series can be
obtained from K, Ca, Na, Al, Mg, Zn, Fe, Pb, M + water of steam ® oxide + H2 -
H, Cu, Hg, Ag, Au by interchanging 1.Iron 2.Sodium 3.Mercury 4.Magnesium
1. Al & Mg 2. Zn & Fe 105. A galvanic cell is composed of two hydrogen
3. Zn & Pb 4. Pb & H electrodes; one of which is standard one. In
which of the following solutions should the
98. The standard reduction potential of Zn and
other electrode be immersed to get maximum
Ag in water at 25oC are
emf
Zn2+ + 2e– ® Zn(s)_ , Eo = –0.76V
1. 0.1 M HCl 2. 0.1 M CH3COOH
Ag+ + e– ® Ag(s) , Eo = +0.80 V
which reaction actually takes place 3. 0.1 M H3PO4 4. 0.1 M H2SO4
106. A gas ‘X’ at 1 atm is bubbled through a
1. Zn(s) + 2Ag(+aq ) ® Zn2+ + 2Ag(s)
solution containing a mixture of 1 M Y – and
2. Zn2+ + 2Ag (+s ) ® 2Ag (+aq ) + Zn(s) 1 M Z– at 25oC. If the reduction potential of
Z > Y > X then
3. Zn(s) + 2 Ag(s) ® 2Ag (+aq ) + Ag (+aq ) 1. y will oxidise x and not z
2. y will oxidise z and not y
4. Zn (2aq+ ) + Ag (+aq ) ® Zn (s ) + Ag(s ) 3. y will oxidise both x and z
4. y will reduce both x and z
99. For a redox reaction to proceed spontaneously
107. When hydrogen electrode act as anode the
in a given direction the emf should
cell reaction is
1. be zero 2. have +ve sign
1. H2 ® 2H+ + 2e– 2. 2H+ + 2e– ® H2
3. have –ve sign
3. H2 ® H + H
+ –
4. H2 ® H + H
4. have either +ve (or) –ve sign
108. For the voltaic cell represented by the cell
100. Which will increase the voltage of the cell
3 Cu + 2 Au3+ ® 3Cu2+ + 2 Au
Sn(s) + 2Ag(+aq) ® Sn (2aq+ ) + 2Ag(s) The value of n to be used in the nernst
1. increase in the size of the silver rod equation is
2. increases in the concentration of Ag + ions 1. 2 2. 4 3. 5 4. 6
3. increases in the concentration of Sn 2+ ions
109. A galvanic cell is constructed with two
4. none
hydrogen electrodes one is having pH = 3
101. Which defines the standard reduction and another is having pH = 5 separately
electrode potential of Zn 2+ ions
+ -
1. the hydrogen electrode with pH = 3 act as
1. Zn (2aq ) + 2e ® Zn ( s ) ; [Zn ] = 1M
2+
anode
2. Zn(g) ® Zn2+ + 2e– ; [Zn2+] = 1M 2. the hydrogen electrode with pH = 5 act as
3. Zn (2aq+ ) ® Zn (s ) + 2e - ; [Zn2+] = 1M cathode
4. Zn (2aq+ ) ® Zn ( s ) - 2e - ; [Zn2+] = 1M 3. the hydrogen electrode with pH = 5 act as
anode
102. For the cell Zn / Zn 2+ // Cu 2+/Cu. If the
concentration of Zn 2+ and Cu 2+ ions is 4. the hydrogen electrode with pH = 3 can act
doubled, the emf of cell as both anode & cathode
1. doubles 2. reduce to half 110. In the NHE, some NaOH is added to the
3. remains same 4. becomes zero electrolyte single electrode potential of NHE
103. The standard reduction potential of some 1. decreases 2. increases
electrodes are 3. does not change 4. none
E ok + / k = -2.9V , E oZn + / Zn = -0.76V
111. The potential of hydrogen electrode at
pH = 10 is EXERCISE - II
1. –0.591 V 2. 0.059 V
121. The weight in gms of O2 formed at Pt anode
3. 0.51 V 4. 0.00V during the electrolysis of aq K 2SO4 solution
for the passage of one coulomb of electricity
112. What is the emf of the cell is
Zn / Zn2+ (0.1M) // Cu2+ (0.01M) / Cu given
16 8 32 64
that E oZn 2+ / Zn = -0.76V and 1. 2. 3. 4.
96500 96500 96500 96500
E oCu 2+ / Cu = +0.34V 122. In electro refining of metals, impure metal is
used as
1. 1.1V 2. –0.42 V 1. cathode 2. as electrolyte in the fused state
3. anode 4. all the three
3. 1.14 V 4. 1.07 V
123. When 4 amperes current was passed for
2+ 3+
113. EMF of Ni / Ni (1M) // Au (1M) / Au is –– 80 minutes through fused metal chloride 4g
of metal was deposited at the cathode. The
if E oNi 2+ / Ni = -0.25V and E oAu 2+ / Au = +1.50V equivalent weight of the metal approximately
1. 1.25 V 2. –1.75 V is
3. +1.75 V 4. +4.0 V 1. 60 2. 40 3. 20 4. 24
124. The charge required for the reduction of 1
114. In the reaction Cu(s) + 2Ag+ ® Cu2+ + 2Ag(s).
mol of Cr2 O 72- ions to Cr3+ is
The reduction half cell reaction is
1. 96500 C 2. 2 ´ 96500 C
1. Cu + 2e– ® Cu2– 2. Cu – 2e– ® Cu2+
3. 6 ´ 96500 C 4. 4 ´ 96500 C
3. Ag + e ® Ag
+ –
4. Ag – e– ® Ag+
125. 0.1978g of copper is deposited by a current
115. The approximate voltage of dry cell is of 0.2amp in 50min. The electrochemical
1. 2.0 v 2. 1.2 v 3. 1.5 v 4. 6 v equivalent of copper is
1. 0.3296g/c 2. 0.03296g/c
116. Which of the following cells can convert 3. 0.003296g/c 4. 0.0003296g/c
chemical energy of H 2 and O2 directly into 126. When 1 Faraday electricity is passed through
electrical energy? CuSO4 solution, number of atoms of copper
1. Mercury cell 2. Daniel cell formed is
3. Lead storage cell 4. Fuel cell 1. 6.02 ´ 1023 2. 3.01 ´ 1023
3. 2 4. 2 ´ 6.02 ´1023
117. In a Leclanche dry cell, anode is 127. Which of the following has high electro
1. Graphite rod 2. FeO and Fe (OH)3 chemical equivalent?
3. Zinc container 4. MnO2 + C 1. Mg 2. Al 3. K 4. Ag
118 Rust is a mixture of
128. The degree of dissociation of an electrolyte
1. FeO and Fe (OH)3 2. FeO and Fe (OH)2
does not depend on
3. Fe2O3 and Fe (OH)3 4. Fe3O4 and Fe (OH)3
1. Nature of electrolyte 2. Catalytic action
119. Galvanised iron sheets are coated with 3. Dilution 4. Temperature
1. C 2. Cu 3. Zn 4. Ni 129. An aqueous solution of the following
concentration of CH 3 COOH is the best
120. When lead storage battery discharges
conductor.
1. SO2 is evolved (Pb. CET)
1. 101M 2. 10–3M 3. 10–1M 4. 102M
2. PbSO4 is consumed
3. Lead is formed 130. PH of the solution obtained after the electrolysis
4. Sulphuric acid is consumed of aqeous NaCl using inert electrodes
1. 0 2. 0 – 7 3. 7 4. > 7

131. If a metal ion is less easily reduced than a 139. Passage of electricity through dilute H 2 SO4
hydrogen ion, the electrolysis of an aqueous for one hour liberates a total of 224 ml. of H 2
solution of its salt at NTP. The strength of current would be
1. liberates hydrogen gas at the anode 1. 0.27 ampere 2. 0.54 ampere
2. liberates hydrogen gas at the cathode 3. 0.042 ampere 4. 0.027 ampere
3. produce the metal at either electrode 140. A current is passed through two voltameters
4. produces oxygen at the anode connected in series. The first voltameter
132. How long will a current of 1 ampere take for contains XSO 4 while the second contains
complete deposition of copper from 1 litre of Y2SO4. The relative atomic masses of X and
1NCuSO4. 5H2O solution? Y are in the ratio 1 : 2. The ratio of mass X
1. 96500 sec 2. 2 ´ 96500 sec liberated to the massY liberated is
1. 2 : 1 2. 1 : 2 3. 1 : 1 4. 1 : 4
é 96500 ù é 96500 ù
3. ê ú sec 4. ê ú sec 141. The quantity of electricity required to reduce
ë 2 û ë 4 û
12.3 g nitrobenzene to aniline assuming 50%
133. Which one of the following could not be current efficiency is
liberated from a suitable electrolyte by the 1. 115800 coulombs 2. 57900 coulombs
passage of 0.25 faraday of electricity through 3. 231600 coulombs 4. 28950 coulombs
that electrolyte
1. 0.25 mole of Ag 2. 16 gm of Cu 142. How many coulombs of electricity are
3. 2 gm of O2(g) 4. 2.8 ltrs of H2 at STP consumed when 100 mA current is passed
through a solution of AgNO3 for half an hour
134. The number of electrons participating in the during an electrolysis experiment?
electrode reaction when one atomic weight of 1. 108 2. 180 3. 1800 4. 18000
a bivalent metal was deposited at the cathode
1. 9.65 ´ 1023 2. 0.6 ´ 1023 143. The number of electrons passing per second
3. 12.04 ´ 10 23
4. 3.01 ´ 1023 through a Cross section of copper wire
carrying 10-6 amperes of current per second
135. If a certain quantity of electricity liberates is found to be
11.2 litrs of oxygen at STP. If same quantity 1. 1.6 ´ 10-19 2. 6.24 ´ 10-35
of electricity liberates 60 grams of a 3. 6.24 ´ 10 -16
4. 6.24 ´ 1012
tetravalent element, the atomic weight of the
144. A copper voltameter, a silver voltmeter and a
element is
water voltameter are connected in series and
1. 90 2. 120 3. 60 4. 180
current is passed for some time. The ratio of
136. Total volume of gases evolved at STP when the number of moles of copper, silver and
36g of H 2 O are completely electrolysed hydrogen formed at the cathode is
between platinum electrodes 1. 2 : 1 : 1 2. 1 : 1 : 1 3. 1 : 2 : 1 4. 1 : 2 : 2
1. 22.4 lit 2. 44.8 lit 3. 33.6 lit 4. 67.2 lit
145. Three faradays of electricity are passed
137. The electrolysis cells one containing FeCl 3 and through molten Al 2O3, aqueous solution of
the other FeCl2 are connected in series and CuSO 4 and molten NaCl taken in three
electrolysis is carried out. The ratio of weights different electrolytic cells. The amount of Al,
of iron deposited in the cells containing Fe 3+ Cu and Na deposited at the cathodes will be
and Fe2+ respectively is in the ratio of
1. 2 : 3 2. 3 : 2 3. 2 : 1 4. 1 : 2 1. 1 mole : 2 mole : 3 mole
138. In the electrolysis of CuCl 2 (aq) solution 2. 1 mole : 1.5 mole : 3 mole
between Cu electrodes. The weight of cathode 3. 3 mole : 2 mole : 1 mole
increased by 1.6g. At the anode 4. 1 mole : 1.5 mole : 1 mole
1. 0.05 mole of Cu2+ go into solution 146. 0.05M aqueous solution of NaCl is electolysed.
2. 560 ml of O2 will be liberated at the anode If a current of strength 0.5 amp is used for
3. 0.025 mole of Cu2+ go into solution 193 sec. The final concentration of Na+ ions
4. 1.6 mole of Cu2+ go in to solution in the electrolyte will be (volume of solution
will be constant) depend on
1. 0.05 M 2. 0.049 M 1. current intensity 2. time of electrolysis
3. 0.051 M 4. 0.04 M 3. temperature of the both of ions
147. Salts A(atomic weight 7), B(atomic weight 27) 4. electrochemical equivalent
and C(atomc weight 48) were electrolysed 155. The number of faradays required to liberate
under identicl conditions using the same 1 mole of any element indicates
quantity of electricity. It was found that when 1. weight of the element
2.1 g of A was deposited, the weightes of B 2. conductance of the electrolyte
and C deposited were 2.7g and 9.6g. The 3. charge on the ion of the element 4. nothing
valencies of A, B and C are respectively
1. 3, 1 and 2 2. 1, 3 and 2 156. Number of electrons required to deposit one
3. 3, 1 and 3 4. 2, 3 and 2 mole of Mg2+ ions is
1. 6.023 ´ 1023 2. 12.046 ´ 1023
148. A copper plate of 10cm ´ 10cm and 0.1 cms 3. 18.069 ´ 1023 4. 3.012 ´ 1023
thickness is to be plated with silver. If the
density of Ag is 10.8g/cc, the number of 157. 2.5 Faradays of electricity are passed through
electrons required for this process is a solution of CuSO4. The number of equivalents
1. 1 mole 2. 2 moles of Cu deposited on cathode would be ?
3. 0.5 moles 4. 2.5 moles 1. 1.0 2. 1.25 3. 2.0 4. 2.5
149. What is the approximate quantity of electircity 158. 6.24 ´ 1019 electrons is equal approximately
(in coulombs) required to deposit all the silver to
from 250 ml of 1 M AgNO3 aqueous solution? 1. 10 coulombs 2. 96500 coulombs
1. 96500 2. 24125 3. 48250 4. 12062.5 3. one electron volt 4. 0.1 F
150. During electrolysis of fused PbBr 2 (Pb=207, 159. The electrochemical equivalent of an element
Br = 80), 5.175 g of Pb were deposited at is 0.001118 gm/coulomb. Its equivalent weight
cahtode. Assuming anode of inert material is
mass of Br2 liberated during the same time 1. 10.7 2. 53.5 3. 1007 4. 107
is: 160. When 6 ´ 1022 electrons are used in electrolysis
1. 4.00 g 2. 4.50 g 3. 5.175 g 4. 8.00 g of a metallic salt, 1.9 gm of metal is deposited
at the cathode. The atomic weight of metal is
151. The electrolysis of which electrolyte gives the
57. So oxidation state of the metal in the salt is
same products in the fused state as well as in
1. + 2 2. + 3 3. +1 4. +4
the aqueous solution state
1. NaCl 2. KCl 3. AuCl3 4. BaCl2 161. During the electrolysis of acidiluted water the
mass of hydrogen obtained is x times that of O 2
152. The decrease in electrical conductivity of
and the volume of H2 is y times that of O 2 the
metals with increase in temperature is due to
ratio of y & x is
increase in
1. 16 2. 8 3. 0.125 4. 0.25
1. the velocity of electrons
2. the resistance of he metal 162. When 965 amp current is passed through
3. the number of electrons aqueous solution of salt x using platinum
4. the number of metal atoms electrodes for 10 sec, the volume of gasses
liberated at the respective electrodes is in 1 : 1
153. Electrolytes when dissolved in water dissociate ratio. Then ‘x’ is
into their constituent ions. The degree of 1. MgSO4 2. AgCl 3. MgCl2 4. KNO3
dissociation of an electrolyte increases with
1. Increasing concentration of electrolytes 163. When aq solution of CH 3 COONa is
2. Decreasing concentration of electrolytes electrolysed, 22.4 l of ethane is liberated at
3. Decreasing temperature STP at the anode. The number of coulombs of
electricity passed is
4. Presence of substances yielding common ions
1. 96500 2. 2 ´ 96,500
154. In the electrolysis of fused salt, the amount of 3. 48250 4. 3 ´ 96,500
the substance deposited on electrode will not
164. The cost of electricity required to deposit 1 gm 171. The cell reaction of a cell is
of magnesium is Rs. 5.00. How much would Mg(s) + Cu2+(aq) ® Cu(s) + Mg2+(aq)
it cost to deposit 10 gm of aluminium If the standard reduction potentials of Mg and
1. 10.00 Rs 2. 27.00 Rs Cu are –2.37 and +0.34 V respectively, the
3. 44.44 Rs 4. 66.67 Rs e.m.f of the cell is
1. +2.03V 2. –2.03V 3. +2.71V 4. –2.71V
165. The oxidation potentials of Zn, Mg, Ni and
Cu are 0.76, 2.37, 2.25 and –0.34 volts 172. Cu – 2e– ® Cu2+, Eo = – 0.347 V
respectively. Which of these will not be capable Sn – 2e– ® Sn2+, Eo = + 0.143V
of liberating H2 from 1M HCl ? The EMF of the cell constructed with these
1. Zn 2. Mg 3. Ni 4. Cu electrodes is
1. +0.066V 2. –0.066V
166. Iodine and bromine are added to a solution
3. +0.490V 4. – 0.82V
containing I – and Br– ions. Which of the
following reactions would occur if the 173. Zinc reacts with CuSO 4 according to the
concentration of each special was 1 molar ? equation Zn + CuSO4 ® ZnSO4 + Cu. If
o o
( E I / I - = 0.5 volts) E Br / Br - = 1.08 volts excess of zinc is added to 100.0 ml of 0.05M
2 2
CuSO4, the amount of copper formed in moles
1. 2Br– + I2 ® Br2 + 2I–
will be
2. I2 + Br2 ® 2I– + 2Br+
1. 0.05 2. 0.5 3. 0.005 4. 50
3. Br2 + 2I– ® 2Br– + I2
4. 2Br– + 2I– ® I2 + Br2 174. The potential of the Cu electrode, Cu |Cu2+ (aq)
(0.1M) is if Eo Cu2+ /Cu is + 0.34V
167. The reaction 1. + 0.31V 2. + 0.28 V
1/2 H2(g) + AgCl(s) ® H+ (aq) + Ag(s) can be 3. + 0.40 V 4. + 0.37 V
represented in the galvanic cell as
175. The standard potentials of X+ /X and Y+/Y are
1. Ag/AgCl(s) |KCl(sol)| |AgNO3(sol)| Ag
– 0.34V and – 1.66 V respectively. Which of
2. PtH2(g) | HCl(sol)| |AgNO3(sol) Ag the following reactions is likely to occur in the
3. Pt, H2(g) |HCl(sol)| |AgCl(s)| Ag cell constructed from the electrodes ?
4. Pt |H2(g)| HCl(sol) | |AgCl(s) | Ag 1. Y + X+ ® Y+ + X
168. In the Daniel cell which change increases the 2. X + Y+ ® X+ + Y
cell EMF 3. X+ + Y+ ® X + Y
1. increase in the concentration of ZnSO 4 4. X + Y ® X+ + Y+
2. increase in the dilution of ZnSO 4 176. Which pair of the following provide galvanic
3. decreasing the concentration of CuSO 4 cell of largest EMF.
4. increasing the dilution of CuSO 4 The standard potentials (Eo) are
169. At 25oC, the standard oxidation potential of Zn2+ /Zn = – 0.76V; Cd2+/Cd = – 0.40V
Zn and Ag in water are Ci2+/Cu = +0.34V; Ag+/Ag = +0.80V
Zn(s) ® Zn+2 (aq) + 2e–, Eo = 0.76V 1. Zn2+/Zn, Ag+/Ag 2. Cu2+/Cu, Zn2+/Zn
Ag(s) ® Ag+(aq) + e–, Eo = – 0.80V ++ ++
3. Zn /Zn; Ni /Ni 4. Cd2+/Cd; Zn2+/Zn
Which of the following reaction actually takes 177. The emf of the following three cells
place. i. Zn|Zn2+ (1M) || Cu2+ (1M) |Cu
1. Zn2+ (aq) + 2Ag(s) ® 2Ag+(aq) + Zn(s) ii. Zn | Zn2+ (0.1M) || Cu2+ (1M) | Cu
2. Zn(s) + 2 Ag+(aq) ® Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) iii. Zn | Zn2+ (1M) || Cu2+ (0.1 M) | Cu are
3. Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag+(aq) ® Zn(s) + 2Ag(s) represented by E1, E2 and E3. Which of the
4. Zn(s) + Ag(s) ® Zn2+(aq) + Ag+(aq) following statements is true ?
1. E1 > E2 > E3 2. E3 > E2 > E1
170. A current of 2.6 ampere is passed through 3. E3 > E1, > E2 4. E2 > E1 > E3
CuSO4 solution for 6 minutes 20 seconds. The
178. The emf of a cell is 1.3 volts. The positive ele-
amount of Cu deposited is (At. wt of Cu = 63.5,
ctrode has reduction potential of 0.5 volts. The
Faraday = 96500 C)
reduction potential of negative electorde is
1. 6.35 g 2. 0.635 g 3. 0.325 g 4. 3.175 g
1. 0.8 v 2. – 0.8 v 3. 1.8 v 4. – 1.8 v
179. For the cell reaction 2. Pb(+aq
2 +
) + Ag ( s ) ® Ag ( aq ) + Pb( s )
Zn(f) + Mg2+(0.1M) Zn2+ (1M) + Mg(s)
the emf f cell is found to be 0.2312 volts volts. 3. Ag (+aq ) + Pb( s ) ® Ag ( s ) + Pb(+aq
2
)
The standard EMF f the cell is
1. 0.2903 v olts 2. – 0.2312 volts 4. 2 Ag (+aq ) + Pb( s ) ® 2 Ag ( s ) + Pb(+aq
2
)
3. 0.0231 volts 4. 0.2670 volts
180. Consider two cells A and B 186. On the basis of position in the electrochemical
cell (A) : Fe (s) |Fe 2+ (1M) | |H + (1M)| series, the metal which does not displace
H2(1 atm), pt hydrogen from water and acids is
cell (B) : Fe (s) |Fe2+ (0.001 M) | | H+ (1M) 1. Hg 2. Al 3. Pb 4. Ba
H2 (1 atm), pt 187. The standard electrode potentials of four
The difference in emf of the cells, elements A,B,C and D are -3.65, -1.68, -0.80
Ecell (A) – Ecell (B) is and +0.86. The highest chemical activity will
1. 0.0885 volts 2. 0.0295 volts be exhibited by
3. – 0.0885 volts 4. – 0.0590 volts 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D
181. In a salt bridge KCl is used because 188. CuSO4 is not stored in aluminium bottles
1. agar - agar forms a good jelly with it because
2. K+ and Cl– are isoelectronic 1. Cu gets oxidised
3. K+ and Cl– have equal mobilities or equal 2. Cu+2 gets reduced 3. Al gets reduced
transference numbers 4. CuSO4 gets decomposed
4. KCl solution is a good conductor +n
189. Consider the reaction M aq + ne - ® M (s ) .
182. Which one is the most powerful oxidizing The standard reduction potential values of
agent? the elements M 1,M 2 and M 3 are -0.34v, -
1. Cl2 + 2e– ® 2Cl–; E = 1.36V 3.05V and -1.66V respectively the order of
2. Na+ + e– ® Na; E = –2.71 V their reducing power will be
3. MnO4–+2H2O + 2e– ® MnO2+4 OH–,E = 0.6v 1. M1 > M2 > M3 2. M3 > M2 > M1
4. H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e– ® 2H2O; E = 1.78V 3. M1 > M3 > M2 4. M2 > M3 > M1
183. The standard reduction potentials of Cu 2+/Cu 190. Eo values of Mg+2/Mg is -2.37V, of Zn+2/Zn is
and Cu 2+ /Cu + are 0.337 and 0.153V -0.76V and Fe+2/Fe is -0.44V . Which of the
respectively. The standard electrode potential following statements is correct?
of Cu+/Cu half cell will be 1. Zn will reduce Fe+2 2. Zn will reduce Mg+2
1. 0.184 V 2. 0.827V 3. Mg oxidises Fe 4. Zn oxidises Fe
3. 0.521V 4. 0.490 V
191. The reduction potential of hydrogen half-cell
184. A blue colour is obtained when a copper wire will be negative if:
is immersed in AgNO3 solution. It is due to 1. p(H2) = 1 atm and [H+] = 1 M
formation of 2. p(H2) = 1 atm and [H+] = 2M
1. Cu+ions 2. Ag+ions 3. Cu2+ions 3. p(H2) = 2 atm and [H+] = 1 M
4. A soluble complex of Ag 4. p(H2) = 2 atm and [H+] = 2 M
185. In a simple electrochemical cell, which is in 192. Which of the following metals can not be
standard state, half cell reactions with their obtained in the electrolysis of its aqueous salt
appropriate oxidation potentials are: solution between graphite electrodes
Pb (s) - 2e - ® Pb(+aq2 ) ; E 0 = +0.13volt ; 1. Cu 2. Ag 3. Na 4. Au
193. The reason for increase in electrical
Ag ( s ) - e - ® Ag (+aq ) ; E 0 = -0.80volt conduction of a weak electrolyte with increase
Which of the following reaction takes place? in temperature
1. increase in the number of ions
1. Pb(+aq
2 +
) + 2 Ag ( s ) ® 2 Ag ( aq ) + Pb( s ) 2. increase in the speed of ions
3. increase in the degree of dissociation of Hg +2 2 =+0.79 ; Cu/Cu+2=+0.34, Mg/Mg+2 = -
electroltes 4. all the three
2.37. With increasing voltage, the sequence
194. To the Daniel cell ZnSO4 is added to the left of deposition of metals on the cathode will be
hand side electrode. Then cell emf 1. Ag, Hg, Cu, Mg 2. Mg, Cu, Hg, Ag
1. increases 2. decreases 3. Ag, Hg, Cu 4. Cu, Hg, Ag
3. does not change 202. On the basis of the position in the
4. first increases & then decreases electrochemical series, the metal which
displaces hydrogen from water and acids is
195. To the Daniel cell CuSO4 is added to the left 1. Hg 2. Al 3. Cu 4. Ag
hand side electrode. Then cell emf 203. In the electrochemical cell H 2(g), 1 atm
1. increases 2. decreases |H+(1M)|| Cu2+ (1M)| Cu (s), which one of the
3. does not change following statements is true?
4. first increases & then decreases 1. H2 is cathiode, Cu is anode
196. The standard redction potentials of Zinc, 2. Oxidation occurs at Cu electrode
cadmium and copper are –0.76v, –0.4v and 3. Reduction occurs at H2 electrode
0.34V respectively. Hence 4. H2 is anode, Cu is Cathode
1. copper can reduce Zn2+ and Cd2+ 204. In a cell containing Zn electrode and normal
2. Cadmium can reduce Zn and Cu2+ 2+ hydrogen electrode (NHE), Zinc electrode
3. Zinc can reduce Cu2+ but cannot reduce Cd2+ acts as
4. Zn can reduce both Cu2+ and Cd2+ 1. anode 2. Cathode
197. The standard electrode potential of Cu/Cu +2 3. either cathode or anode 4. none
electrode is –0.337 V. It corresponds to the 205. In electrolysis of aqueous solution of H 2SO4 to
reaction form per disulphuric acid (H 2S2O8), O2 and
1 +2 1
H2 are produced as by products on respective
1. Cu ® Cu+2 + 2e– 2. Cu + e ® Cu
-
electrodes. If 1.4l of O 2 and 5.6 l of H2 are
2 2
+2 – ® + ®
produced at NTP, the weight of H2S2O8 formed
3. Cu + 2e Cu 4. 2Cu Cu + 2e– will be
198. The cell for which the cell reaction is
1.97 gm 2.46 gm 3.19.82 gm 4.24.25 gm
H2 + Cu++ ® 2H+ + Cu is, represented as
1. Cu |Cu2 + ||H+| H2 (g) 206. Assertion (A) : If Eo of Cu2+/Cu = +0.34V and
+ 2+
2. H2 (g) |H | |Cu | Cu Eo of Ag+/Ag = +0.80V then galvanic cell
3. Pt, H2 (1 atm), H+ |Cu2+| Cu constructed from these is Ag/Ag +//Cu2+/Cu
+ 2+
4. Pt, H2 (1 atm) |H ( aq) ||Cu (aq)| Cu Reason (R) : In any galvanic cell the reaction
that takes place is a redox reaction.
199. If E1 & E2 are the potentials of the left hand
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct
side and right hand side electrodes respectively
explanation of A
of the galvanic cell represented as per IUPAC
2. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
convention, the EMF of the cell is
explanation of A
1. E2 – E1 2. E2 + E1 3. E1 – E2 4. E1 ´ E2
3. A is true but R is false
200. Which one of the following will increase the
4. A is false but R is true
voltage of the cell Sn + 2 Ag + ® Sn 2 + + 2 Ag 207. Assertion (A) : Lithium has less electrod
1. Increase in size of silver rod potential than caesium
2+
2. Increase in concentration of Sn ions Reason (R) : Hydration energy of lithium ion
+
3. Increase in concentration of Ag ions is high. The correct answer is
4. None of the above 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct
201. A solution containing one mole per litre of each explanation of A
Cu(NO 3) 2 , AgNO3, Hg 2(NO 3) 2, Mg(NO 3) 2 is 2. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
being electrolysed by using inert electrodes. The explanation of A
values of standard electrode potential in volts 3. A is true but R is false
+
(reduction potentials) are Ag/Ag =+0.80, 2Hg/ 4. A is false but R is true

208. List - 1 List - 2 214. One ampere of current is passed for 9650 sec.
A) Very dilute H2SO4 1) Hg/Hg2Cl2 (S), through molten AlCl3 . What is the weight in
by inert electrodes KCl (salt) gm of Al deposited at cathode [E 2001]
B) Potential is zero Volts 2) H2S2O8 at anode 1. 0.9 2. 9 3. 0.09 4. 90
C) 50% H2SO4 by inert 3) Daniel cell 215. One Faraday of electricity is passed
electrodes separately through one litre of one molar
D) Zn/Zn+2 (aq)//Cu+2 4. O2 at anode aqueous solutions of
(aq)/Cu (i) AgNO3 (ii) SnCl4 and (iii) CuSO4
5. Pt, H2(1atm)/H+(1M) The number of moles of Ag,Sn and Cu
The correct match is deposited at CAthode reopectively are [M 2001]
1. 1,0.25,0.5 2. 1,0.5, 0.25
A B C D
3. 0.5, 1, 0.25 4. 0.25, 0.5,1
1. 4 5 2 3
2. 2 1 4 3 216. Aqueous copper sulphate solution is electrolysed
3. 2 5 4 3 using platinum electrodes. The electrode
4. 5 3 1 2 reaction ocuring at Cathode is [M 2001]
209. Assertion (A) : A blue colour is obtained when 1. Cu+2(aq) +2e– ® Cu(s)
a copper wire is immersed in AgNO3 solution 2. Cu(s) ® Cu+2(aq) + 2e–
Reason (R) : Silver reduces Cu2+ to copper 3. 2H2O(l) ® O2(g)+4H+ + 4e–
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct 4. O2 + 4H+(aq) + 4e– ® 2H2O(l)
explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct 217. Consider the following for electrodes
explanation of A A = Cu+2 (0.0001M) / Cu(s)
3. A is true but R is false B = Cu+2/(0.1M)/Cu(s)
4. A is false but R is true C = Cu+2 (0.01M)/Cu(s)
D = Cu+2 / (0.001M)/Cu(s)
PREVIOUS EAMCET / AIEEE QUESTIONS If the standard reduction potential of Cu is +
0.34 V, the reduction potentials ( in volts) of
EAMCET QUESTIONS : the above electrodes follow the order
[M 2002]
210. What is the approximate quantity of electricity 1. A>D>C>B 2. B>C>D>A
in coulombs required to deposit all the silver 3. C>D>B>A 4. A>B>C>D
from 250 ml 1M AgNO 3 aqueous solution
(At. wt. of Ag = 108) [E 2000] 218. What is the reduction electrode potential (in
1. 96500 2. 24125 3. 48250 4. 12062.5 volts) of copper electrode when [Cu +2] = 0.01M
in a solution at 250C. [E0 of Cu+2/Cu electrode
211. Which of the following aqueous solutions is + 0.34V] [E&M 2002]
conducts electricity? [E 2000] 1. 0.399V 2. 0.281 V 3. 0.3105V 4. 0.3695V
1. urea 2. glucose 3. sucrose 4. NaCl
219. 0.066 gm of metal was deposited when a
212. When CuCl2 is electrolysed using platinum current of 2 ampers is passed through a
electrode. The reaction occuring at anode is maetal ion solution for 100 seconds. What is
[E 2001] the electrochemical equivalent ( in gram-
1. 2Cl– ® Cl2(g) + 2e– 2. Cl2(g)+ 2e– ® 2Cl– Coulomb-1) of the metal [E 2002]
3. Cu+2 + 2e– ® Cu(s) 4. Cu(s) ® Cu+2 + 2e– 1. 3.3 x 10-6 2. 3.3 x 10-4 3. 0.033 4. 3.3
213. During the electrolytic reduction of alumina, 220. If the standard electrode potential of Cu 2+/Cu
the reaction at cathode is [E 2001] electrode is 0.34V. What is the electrode
potential at 0.01 M concentration of Cu 2+
1. 2H2O ® O2+4H +4e 2. 3F ® 3F +3e–
+ – –
1. 0.399 V 2. 0.281 V [E 2003]
3. Al+3 + 3e– ® Al 4. 2H+ + 2e– ® H2 3. 0.222 V 4. 0.176 V
221. During the electrolysis of cryolite, Aluminium 4. Standard reduction potential of hydrogen
and Fluorine are formed in ... moles ratio electrode is zero volts.
[E 2003] 229. The standard reduction potentials of Zn +2/Zn
1. 1 : 2 2. 2 : 3 3. 1 : 1 4. 1 : 3 and Cu +2 /Cu are –0.76V and + 0.34V
222. The reaction of the galvanic cell respectively . What is the e.m.f. of the cell
Cu(s) / Cu+2(aq)//Hg+2(aq)/Hg(l) is [M 2003] (involts) of the following cell
1.Hg+Cu+2 ® Hg+2+Cu Zn/Zn+2 (0.05M)//Cu+2 (0.005M)/Cu [M 2005]
2. Hg + Cu+2 ® Hg++Cu+ 1. 1.1295 2. 1.0705 3. 1.1 4. 1.041
3. Hg + Cu+ ® Cu + Hg+
4. Cu + Hg+2 ® Cu+2 + Hg 230. The standard reduction potentials of Zn +2/ Zn,
Cu2+/Cu and Ag+ / Ag are respectively, -0.76,
223. When ‘X’ ampears of current is passed 0.34, of 0.8V. The following cells were
through molten AlCl3 for 96.5 seconds, 0.09 constricted [E 2006]
grams of aluminium is deposited. What is the
a) Zn / Zn2+// Cu2+/ Cu
value of ‘X’ [E 2003]
b) Zn / Zn2+//Ag+/Ag
1. 10 2. 20 3. 30 4. 40
c) Cu/Cu2+//Ag+ / Ag
224. The electrochemical equivalent of a metal is 1. b > c > a 2. b > a > c
“x” g coulomb–1. The equivalent weight of 3. a > b > c 4. c > a > b
the metal is [E 2004]
231. What is the time (in sec) required for
1. x 2. x ´ 96,500 depositing all silver present in 125 ml. of 1M
x AgNO3 solution by passing a currect of 241.
3. 4. 1.6 ´ 10–19 ´ x
96,500 25 amperes ? ( 1 F = 96500 colombs)
225. The standard reduction potentials of Ag, Cu, [E 2006]
Co and Zn are 0.799 V; 0.337 V; –0.277 V 1. 10 2. 50 3. 1000 4. 100
and –0.762V respectively. Which of the
232. Assertion (A) : A currect of 96.5 anperes is
following cells will have maximum cell emf
passed into aqueous AgNO3 solution for 100
[E 2004]
seconds. The weight of silver deposited is 10.8
2+ 2+
1. Zn | Zn (1M) || Co (1M) |Co g(At. wt of Ag = 108)
2. Zn | Zn2+ (1M) || Ag+ (1M) | Ag Reason (R) : The mass of a substance
3. Cu | Cu2+ (1M) || Ag+ (1M) Ag deposited during the electrolysis of an
electrolyte is inversly proportioral to the
4. Zn | Zn2+ (1M) || Co2+ (1M) | Co
quantity of electricity passing through the
226. What is the quantity of electricity (in coloumbs) electrolyte.
required to deposit all the silver from 250 ml The correct answer is [E 2006]
of 1M AgNO3 solution [E 2005] 1. Both A and R are true and R is the corrrect
1. 2412.5 2. 24125 3. 4825.0 4. 48250 explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true R is not the correct
227. What is the electrochemical equivalent (in g/ explanation of A
coulomb) of silver [E 2005]
3. A is true but R is false
108 F 1 4. A is false but R is true.
1. 108 F 2. 3. 4.
F 108 108F
233. What is the electrode potential (inV) of the
228. Which of the following is not correct [E 2005] following electrode at 25 0C ? Ni2+ (0.1M)/ Ni(s)
1. Aqueous solution of NaCl is an electrolyte [Standard reduction potential of Ni 2+ / Ni is -
2. The units of electrochemical equivalent are
2.303RT
gm-coulomb 0.25V, = 0.06 ] [M 2006]
3. In the nernst equation ‘n’ represents the F
number of electrons transferred in the electrode 1. - 0.25 2. -0.28 3. + 0.25 4. - 0.31
reaction
234. The pH of aqueous KCl solution is 7. This 241. For the following cell reaction
solution was electrolysed for a few seconds
using Pt electrodes. Which of the following is Ag Ag + AgCl Cl e Cl2 , Pt
DG 0f ( AgCl ) = -109kJ / mol

correct [M 2006]
1. The pH of solution decreases
2. The pH of solution increases
DG 0f ( Cl e ) = -129 kJ / mol
3. Cl2 is librated at cathode
4. The pH of solution remain constant
DG 0f ( Ag + ) = 78kJ / mol
235. The e.m.f of the cell Ni / Ni2+ (1M) / Cl-1(1M) / Cl2 , E 0 of the cell is : (E - 2009)
pt is
1) -0.60V 2) 0.60V
01
E 0 Ni+2 /Ni =-0.25V E 2 Cl 2 / Cl- =+1.36V [E 2007]
3) 6.0V 4) None
1. +1.11V 2. -1.11V 3. +1.61V 4. -1.61V
242. At 250 C the molar conductances at infinite
236. When 3.86 amperes currect is passed through dilution for the strong electrolytes NaOH,
an electrolyte for 50 minutes 2.4 gm of a NaCl and BaCl2 are 248 ´ 10-4 ,126 ´ 10-4
divalent metal is deposited. The gram atomic
weight of the metal ( in gm ) is [M 2007] and 280 ´10 -4 s.m 2 .mol -1 respectively..
lm0 Ba ( OH ) 2 in s.m 2 .mol -1 : (E-2009)
1. 24 2. 12 3. 64 4. 40
237. When same quantity of electricity is passed 1) 52.4 ´ 10 -4 2) 524 ´ 10 -4

through aqueous AgNO3 and H2SO4 solutions
3) 402 ´ 10 -4 4) 262 ´ 10 -4
connected in series, 5.04 ´ 10-2 g of H 2 is
liberated. What is the mass of silver (in gm) 243. At a certain temperature and at infinite
deposited ? Eq wts of hydrogen - 1.008, silver dilution, the equivalent conductances of
= 108 ) [E 2008] sodium benzoate, hydrochloric acid and
1. 54 2. 0.54 3. 5.4 4. 10.8 sodium chloride are 240,349 and
238. When electric currest is passed through 229 ohm -1 cm2 equiv -1 respectively. The
acidified water for 1930 seconds, 1120ml of equivalent conductance of benzoic acid in
H2 gas is collected ( at STP) at the cathode. ohm -1 cm2 equiv -1 at the same conditions
What is the current passed is amperes ?
[E 2008] is : (E-2010)
1. 0.05 2. 0.50 3. 5.0 4. 50 1) 80 2) 328
3) 360 4) 408
239. The cell potential of the following cell at 25 oC 244. A solution of concentration ‘C’ g equiv/litre
(involts) is [M 2008] has a specific resistance R. The equivalent
conductance of the solution is : (E-2010)
H+ Cu 2+ 1) R/C 2) C/R
pt, H 21atm Ca
0.01M 0.1M 1000 1000R
3) 4)
E 0
cu 2+ ;cu = 0.337v RC C
1. 0.308 2. 0.427 3. 0.308 4. 0.337 245. For the electrochemical cell
240. Which are of thefollowing reactions occurs at M M + X + X , E 0 ( M + / M ) = 0.44 V and
the cathode ? [M 2008]
1 E 0 ( X / X - ) = 0.33 V . Which one of the
1. 2OH- ® H2O + O2 +2e- following is true for this data ? (E-2011)
2
2. Ag ® Ag + e-
+ 1) M + X ® M + + X - is a spontaneous
3. Fe2+ ® Fe3+ + e- reaction
4. Cu2+ + 2e- ® Cu 2) M + + X - ® M + X is a spontaneous
reaction 252. EMF of a cell in terms of reduction potential
3) ECell = 0.77 V of its left and right electrode is [AIEEE 2002]
4) ECell = -0.77 V 1. E = Eleft – Eright 2. E = Eleft + Eright

246. In electrochemical corrosion, the metal 3. E = Eright – Eleft 4. E = –(Eright + Eleft)
undergoing corrosion : (E -2011)
1) Acts as anode 2) Acts as cathode 253. If f denotes reduction potential, then which
3) Undergoes reduction 4) Liquefies
is true? [AIEEE 2002]
247. The number of moles of electrons required
to deposit 36 g of Al from an 1. E ocell = f right - f left 2. E ocell = f left + f right
aqueous solution of Al ( NO3 )3 is (At.wt. 3. E ocell = f left - f right
of Al = 27) (E-2012)
1) 4 2) 2 3) 3 4) 1 4. E ocell = -(fleft + f right )
248. The emf (in V) of a Daniel cell containing
0.1M ZnSO4 and 0.01M CuSO4 solutions 254. What will be the emf for the given cell
Pt | H2 (P1) | H+ (aq) || H2 (P2)| Pt
at their respective electrodes is (E-2012)
[AIEEE 2002]
1) 1.10 2) 1.16 3) 1.13 4) 1.07
249. During the electrolysis of copper sulphate RT P RT P
1. log 1 2. log 1
aqueous solution using copper electrode, f P2 2f P2
the reaction taking place at the cathode RT P
is : (E -2013) 3. log 2 4. none of these
f P1
2+ -
1) Cu ® Cu( aq ) + 2e
255. Which of the following reaction is possible at
2) Cu(2aq+ ) -
+ 2e ® Cu( s ) anode? [AIEEE 2002]
-
1. 2Cr3+ + 7H2O ® Cr2 O 72 + 14H+
+ - 1
3) H ( aq ) + e ® H 2( g ) 2. F2 ® 2F–
2 3. (1/2) O2 + 2H+ ® H2O 4. none of these
2- 1 -
4) SO4( aq ) ® SO3( g ) + O2( g ) + 2e 256. For the cell given below
2 Ag /Ag+ // Cu+2 /Cu
250. The extent of charge of lead accumulator is
Ag+ + e– ® Ag E0 = x
determined by (E-2013)
Cu+2 + 2e– ® Cu E0 = y
1) amount of PbSO4 in the battery E0 of the cell is [AIEEE 2002]
2) amount of PbO2 in the battery 1. x +2y 2. 2x + y 3. y – x 4. y – 2x
3) specific gravity of H 2 SO4 of the battery Hint: E0 value remains constant when half cell
4) amount of Pb in the battery equation is multiplied( or) divided.
257. For a cell reaction involving a two-electron
AIEEE QUESTIONS : change, the standard e.m.f of the cell is found
251. Conductivity (unit Siemen’s S) is directly to be 0.295 V at 25 o C. The equilibrium
proportional to area of the vessel and the constant of the reaction at 25 oC will be
concentration of the solution in it and is 1. 29.5 ´ 10–2 2. 10 [AIEEE 2003]
inversely proportional to the length of the 3. 1 ´ 10 10
4. 1 ´ 10–10
vessel then the unit of the constant of 258. Standard reduction electrode potentials of
proportionality is [AIEEE 2002] three metals A, B & C are respectively
1. Sm . mol–1 2. Sm2 mol–1 +0.5 V, –3.0V & –1.2V. The reducing powers
3. S–2 m2 mol 4. S2m2mol–2
of these metals are [AIEEE 2003] 1. 1.0 ´ 10 10
2. 1.0 ´ 105
1. A > B > C 2. C > B > A 3. 1.0 ´ 101 4. 1.0 ´ 1030

3. A > C > B 4. B > C > A 266. The limiting molar conductivities A o for NaCl,
259. When during electrolysis of a solution of KBr and KCl are 126, 152 and 150 S cm2
AgNO3 9650 coulombs of charge pass through mol–1 respectively. The Ao for NaBr is
the electroplating bath, the mass of silver [AIEEE 2004]
deposited on the cathode will be [AIEEE 2003] 1. 278 S cm2 mol–1 2. 176 S cm2 mol–1
1. 10.8 g 2. 21.6 g 3. 108 g 4. 1.08 g 3. 128 S cm2 mol–1 4. 302 S cm2 mol–1
260. For the redox reaction : [AIEEE 2003] 267. The E oM 3+ / M 2+ values for Cr, Mn, Fe and Co
Zn(s) + Cu2+ (0.1M) ® Zn2+ (1M) + Cu(s) are –0.41, +1.57, +0.77 and + 1.97 V
taking place in a cell, E ocell is 1.10 volt. Ecell respectively. For which one of these metals
the change in oxidation state from +2 to +3 is
æ RT ö
for the cell will be ç 2.303 = 0.0591÷ easiest? [AIEEE 2004]
è F ø 1. Fe 2. Mn 3. Cr 4. Co
1. 1.80 v 2. 1.07 v 3. 0.82 v 4. 2.14 v
268. In a cell that utilises the reaction
261. Several blocks of magnesium are fixed to the Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) ® Zn+2(aq) + H2(g)
bottom of a ship to [AIEEE 2003] addition of H2SO4 to Cathode compartment will
1. make the ship lighter [AIEEE 2004]
2. prevent action of water and salt 1. lower the E and shift equilibrium to the left
3. prevent puncturing by under-sea rocks 2. increase the E and shift equilibrium to the left
4. keep away the sharks 3. increase the E and shift equilibrium to the right
4. lower the E and shift equilibrium to the right
262. The correct relationship between free energy
change in a reaction and the corresponding 269. Aluminium oxide may be electrolysed at
equilibrium constant Kc is [AIEEE 2003] 1000 oC to furnish aluminium metal. The
cathodereaction
1. D G0 = RT
TlnKc 2. D G0 = –RT
TlnKc Al3+ + 3e– ® Al
3. D G = RT
TlnKc 4. D G = RT
TlnKc To prepare 5.12 Kg of aluminium metal by
263. In a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, combustion this method would require [AIEEE 2005]
hydrogen occurs to [AIEEE 2004] 1. 5.49 ´ 107 C 2. 5.49 ´ 104 C
1. produce high purity water 3. 1.83 ´ 107 C 4. 5.49 ´ 101 C
2. create potential difference between two 270. Electrolyte KCl KNO3 HCl NaOAl NaCl
electrodes 3. generate heat
Ù ¥ (Scm m ) 149.9
2 –1
145 426.2 91 126.5
4. remove adsorbed oxygen from electron
surfaces Calculate Ù ¥ HOAC using appropriate molar
264. Consider the following Eo values conductances of the electrolytes listed above
at infinite dilution in H 2O at 25oC
E oF3+ / Fe 2+ = +0.77 V ; E o 2+ = -0.14V
e Sn / Sn [AIEEE 2005]
Under standard conditions the potential for 1. 517.2 2. 552.7 3. 390.7 4. 217.5
the reaction 271. For a spontaneous reaction the DG ,
Sn(s) + 2Fe3+ (aq) ® 2Fe2+ (aq) + Sn2+ (aq) is
[AIEEE 2004] equilibrium constant (K) and E ocell will be
1. 0.91V 2. 1.40V 3. 1.69 V 4. 0.63V respectively [AIEEE 2005]
265. The standard e.m.f of a cell involving one 1. –ve, > 1, +ve 2. +ve, >1, –ve
electron change is found to be 0.591 V at 25oC. 3. –ve, <1, –ve 4. –ve, > 1, –ve
The equilibrium constant of the reaction is
(F = 96,500 C mol–1 ; R = 8.314 JK–1 mol–1) 272. The highest electrical conductivity of the
[AIEEE 2004] following aqueous solutions is of

1.0.1M acetic acid [AIEEE 2005] H (Ù H )
+ 0 +
2.0.1M chloro acetic acid 3. Ù 0 of chloroacetic acid (ClCH 2COOH)

3. 0.1M fluro acetic acid 4. Ù 0 of NaCl
4. 0.1M difloro acetic acid
277. The cell
Zn/ Zn2+ ( 1M) // Cu2+ (1M) / Cu Eocell = 1.10V
273. The molar conductivities L 0NaOAC and L 0HCl was allowed to be completely dischorged at
at infinite dilution in water at 25 0C are 91 and 298 k. The relative cencentration of Zn 2+ to
426.2 S.cm 2/mole respectively. To calculate é [Zn]2+ ù
L 0
the additional value required is Cu 2 + ê ú is [A 2007]
êë éë Cu ùû úû
HoAC 2+
[AIEEE 2006]
1. 37.3 2. 10 37.3
1. L 0NaCl 2. L H 2O 3. L 0KCl 4. L 0NaOH
0
3. 9.65 ´ 104 4. antilog (24.08)
274. Resistance of conductivity cell filled with a 278. Given E 0 Cr3+/ Cr = -0.72V, E 0 Fe2+/ Fe = - 0. 42 V
solution of an electrolyte of concentration 0.1M The patential for the cell Cr/Cr 3+(0.1M) //Fe2+
is 100 W . The conductivity of this solution is (0.01M) / Fe is [A 2008]
1.29 Sm-1. Resistance of the same cell when 1. 0.339V 2. -0.339V 3. -0.26 V 4.0.26V
filled with 0.02M of the same solution is 279. Given
520 W . The molar conductivity of 0.02M 0
EFe = -0.036V , EFe
0
= -0.439V
3 2+
/ Fe / Fe
solution of the electrolyte will be
[AIEEE 2006] The value of standard electrode potential for
the charge, Fe ( aq ) + e ® Fe ( aq ) will
-4 2 -1 3+ - 2+
1.12.4 x10 Sm mole
2. 124 x 10-4 Sm2 mole-1 be (2009)
3. 1240 x 10-4 Sm2 mole-1 1) -0.072 V 2) 0.385 V
4.1.24x10-4Sm2 mole-1 3) 0.770 V 4) -0.270 V
280. The Gibbs energy for the decomposition of
275. Givien the data at 250C Al2O3 at 500 0 C is as follows
Ag + I– ® AgI + e– E0 = 0.152 V
Ag ® Ag+ + e– E0 = – 0.8V 2 4
Al2O3 ® Al + O2 D r G = +966 kJ mol -1
What is the value of log 10Kc for AgI 3 3
The potentila difference needed for
é 2.303RT ù
êë =0.059 V ú [A 2006] electrolytic reduction of Al2O3 at 500 0 C is
F û
at least (2010)
1. +16.13 2. – 8.13 3. +8.612 4.–37.83
1) 4.5 V 2) 3.0 V
276. The equivalent conductances of two strong 3) 2.5 V 4) 5.0 V
electrolytes at infinite dilution in H 2O (where 281. The reduction potential of hydrogen half cell
ions move freeely throughs a solutions) at 25 oC will be negative if : (2011)
are given below [A 2007]
1) p ( H 2 ) = 1 atm and éë H ùû = 1.0 M
+
Ù CH 3 COONa = 91. 0 S cm / equiv

0 2
2) p ( H 2 ) = 2 atm and éë H ùû = 1.0 M

+
Ù 0 HCl = 426.2 S cm2 / equiv
3) p ( H 2 ) = 2 atm and éë H ùû = 2.0 M
What additional information / quantity are +
needs to calculate Ù 0 of as aqueous solution

4) p ( H 2 ) = 1 atm and éë H ùû = 2.0 M
+
of acetic acid.
1. Ù of CH3COOH
0
2. The limiting equivalent condutance of

282. The standard reduction potentials for 0
have the highest EM 3+ / M 2+ value?
Zn 2 + / Zn, Ni 2 + / Ni , and Fe 2+ / Fe are (JEE MAINS 2013)
-0.76, -0.23 and -0.44 V respectively. The 1) Mn(Z=25) 2) Fe(Z=26)
3) Co(Z=27) 4) Cr(Z=24)
reaction X + Y 2 + ® X 2 + + Y will be 284. Given
spontaneous when : (2012) 0
ECr 3+ = -0.74 V ; EMnO
0
-
/ Mn2+
= 1.51V
1) X = Ni, Y = Fe 2) X = Ni, Y = Zn / Cr 4
3) X = Fe, Y = Zn 4) X = Zn, Y = Ni
0
ECr O 2 / Cr 3+
= 1.33V ; ECl
0
/ Cl -
= 1.36 V
2 7
283. Four successive members of the first row Based on the data given above, strongest
transition elements are listed below with atomic oxidising agent will be: (JEEMAIN S2013)
numbers. Which one of them is expected to
1) Cr 3+ 2) Mn 2+ 3) MnO4- 4) Cl -
ANSWERS
EXERCISE - I
01. 3 02. 4 03. 4 04. 3 05. 3 06. 1 07. 2 08. 3 09. 2 10. 2
11. 3 12. 4 13. 2 14. 1 15. 3 16. 4 17. 2 18. 4 19. 1 20. 2
21. 1 22. 2 23. 2 24. 4 25. 4 26. 1 27. 1 28. 1 29. 2 30. 4
31. 2 32. 2 33. 2 34. 1 35. 1 36. 2 37. 4 38. 2 39. 3 40. 2
41. 3 42. 4 43. 2 44. 3 45. 1 46. 3 47. 3 48. 2 49. 1 50. 3
51. 3 52. 4 53. 3 54. 2 55. 1 56. 1 57. 1 58. 2 59. 4 60. 1
61. 1 62. 1 63. 3 64. 2 65. 1 66. 1 67. 1 68. 3 69. 3 70. 4
71. 3 72. 4 73. 1 74. 2 75. 1 76. 4 77. 1 78. 4 79. 3 80. 2
81. 2 82. 3 83. 1 84. 4 85. 2 86. 3 87. 3 88. 4 89. 1 90. 4
91. 2 92. 2 93. 1 94. 4 95. 4 96. 4 97. 1 98. 1 99. 2 100. 2
101. 1 102. 3 103. 4 104. 3 105. 2 106. 1 107. 1 108. 4 109. 3 110. 2
111. 1 112. 4 113. 3 114. 3 115. 3 116. 4 117. 3 118. 3 119. 3 120. 4
EXERCISE - II
121. 2 122. 3 123. 3 124. 3 125. 4 126. 2 127. 4 128. 2 129. 2 130. 4
131. 2 132. 1 133. 2 134. 3 135. 2 136. 4 137. 1 138. 3 139. 2 140. 4
141. 1 142. 2 143. 4 144. 3 145. 2 146. 1 147. 1 148. 1 149. 2 150. 1
151. 3 152. 2 153. 2 154. 3 155. 3 156. 4 157. 1 158. 4 159. 3 160. 2
161. 1 162. 3 163. 2 164. 4 165. 4 166. 3 167. 3 168. 2 169. 2 170. 3
171. 3 172. 3 173. 3 174. 1 175. 2 176. 1 177. 4 178. 2 179. 4 180. 3
181. 3 182. 4 183. 1 184. 3 185. 4 186. 1 187. 1 188. 2 189. 4 190. 1
191. 3 192. 3 193. 4 194. 2 195. 2 196. 4 197. 1 198. 4 199. 1 200. 3
201. 1 202. 2 203. 4 204. 1 205. 4 206. 4 207. 1 208. 1 209. 3
PREVIOUS EAMCET / AIEEE QUESTIONS
210. 2
211. 4 212. 1 213. 2 214. 1 215. 1 216. 1 217. 2 218. 2 219. 2 220. 2
221. 2 222. 4 223. 1 224. 2 225. 2 226. 2 227. 2 228. 2 229. 2 230. 2
231. 2 232. 3 233. 2 234. 2 235. 3 236. 4 237. 3 238. 3 239. 2 240. 4
241. 2 242. 2 243. 3 244. 3 245. 4 246. 1 247. 1 248. 4 249. 2 250. 3
251. 2 252. 3 253. 1 254. 2 255. 4 256. 3 257. 3 258. 4 259. 1 260. 2
261. 2 262. 2 263. 2 264. 1 265. 1 266. 3 267. 3 268. 3 269. 1 270. 3
271. 1 272. 4 273. 1 274. 0 275. 1 276. 4 277. 2 278. 4 279. 3 280. 3
281. 2 282. 4 283. 3 284. 3

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VOLUME - I ELECTRO CHEMISTRY

Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET 51

52 Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET

Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET 53

54 Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET

Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET 55

Electrolyte Electrodes Products Electrode reactions

K2SO4(aq) Pt Pt H2 O2 2H2O+2e– ® H2+2OH– 2H2O ® O2+4H++4e–

AgNO3(aq) Pt Pt Ag O2 Ag+ + e– ® Ag 2H2O ® O2+4H++4e–

CuCl2(molten) Pt Pt Cu Cl2 Cu2+ + 2e– ® Cu 2Cl– ® Cl2 + 2e–

CuSO4 Pt Pt Cu O2 Cu2+ +2e– ® Cu 2H2O ® O2+4H++4e–

NaCl (fused) Pt Pt Na Cl2 Na+ + e– ® Na 2Cl– ® Cl2 + 2e–

NiCl2 (fused) Pt Pt Ni Cl2 Ni2+ + 2e– ® Ni 2Cl– ® Cl2 + 2e–

MgCl2(fused_ steel graphite Mg Cl2 Mg2+ + 2e– ® Mg 2Cl– ® Cl2 + 2e–

- The electrochemical equivalent of on element is directly proportional to its chemical equivalent E.

56 Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET

Element (or) ion Chemical equivalent

Equivalent volume of gas at STP

Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET 57

2F CuCl2 (M2+) 1 mole

Galvanic for voltaic cells :

Zn(s) ® Zn (2aq+ ) + 2e–

Single Electrode Potential:

Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET 59

60 Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET

Cu2+ | Cu + 0.337 Cu2+ + 2e– Cu

REPRESENTATION OF THE GALVANIC CELL:

E ocell = E ocathode - E oanode (or)

= E oreduction electrode - E ooxidation electrode (or)

62 Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET

6. Standard Free Energy change, D G0 = –nFE0.

At cthode : 2MnO2 + 2H2O + 2e- ¾¾

Other secondary reactions are

Leclanche Cell : Anode ® Amalgamated Zn

64 Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET

Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET 65

EXERCISE – I 2. its equivalent conductance decreases

electrolytic cell resembles a reducing agent need

1. 5 amp 2. 10 amp 3. 2.5 amp 4. 50 amp 4. Zn + Cd2+ ® Zn2+ + Cd

72 Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET

Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET 77

DG 0f ( AgCl ) = -109kJ / mol

237. When same quantity of electricity is passed 1) 52.4 ´ 10 -4 2) 524 ´ 10 -4

4) ECell = -0.77 V 1. E = Eleft – Eright 2. E = Eleft + Eright

1. A > B > C 2. C > B > A 3. 1.0 ´ 101 4. 1.0 ´ 1030

82 Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET

2.0.1M chloro acetic acid 3. Ù 0 of chloroacetic acid (ClCH 2COOH)

Ù CH 3 COONa = 91. 0 S cm / equiv

2) p ( H 2 ) = 2 atm and éë H ùû = 1.0 M

needs to calculate Ù 0 of as aqueous solution

2. The limiting equivalent condutance of

Sr. Chemistry ISEET/NEET 83

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