Question 1

Malware
Malware is any piece of software which is intended to cause harm to your system or network.
Malware is different from normal programs in a way that they most of them have the ability to
spread itself in the network, remain undetectable, cause changes/damage to the infected
system or network, persistence. Malware is the collective name for a number of malicious
software variants, including viruses, ransomware and spyware. Shorthand for malicious
software, malware typically consists of code developed by cyberattacks Malware is any software
intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network.
Malicious Software programs referred to as malware include a lot of threats. Threats like
viruses, worms, Trojan horses and Spyware.
Viruses-Computer viruses are programmed to harm your computer system by damaging
programs, deleting files, or reforming the hard drive. A virus can spread to a system through
email attachments, executable files, advertisements or text messages. Some common viruses
are Tinba, Nimda etc. Worms- Similar to a virus but does not require any human intervention to
run and propagate in the network. A computer worm is a malicious software that spreads itself
from one computer to another it can replicate itself without any human involvement. Trojan
Horses-Trojan is a type of malware which misleads users to its true intent. They can be
employed by hackers to gain access to people's system. The victim receives a formal looking
email which turns out to be a malicious code. Spyware-Spyware is yet another kind of malicious
software designed to enter into the computer system, gather information, and forward it to third
party without any consent. Many users find spyware annoying and worry about its infringement
on computer user's policy.
Essential business tools used to protect information systems against threats are. Firewall- Most
common and widely used security tool. It helps to protect system against malicious software’s,
unauthorized logins, and other security threats. NAC (Network Access Control I- NAC is an
essential tool for cybersecurity organizations. It makes sure that the devices used within an
organization have needed security patches before a user logs into the system. Antiviruses
software- Antivirus programs such as McAfee, Trend Micro etc., are used to deal with latest
viruses that enter into the system and corrupt it.
Overall there are a lot of security measures that can be implemented to protect computers and
networks form malware. Most security measures that are available to users are aimed at
protecting computers from malware, adware, spam and various types of common viruses.
Although there are a lot of companies providing these services cyber criminals are always
looking for new ways to get around firewalls and anti-virus software and on some occasions
they are successful. Because there are so many hackers and spammers around the globe new
ways of getting around these barriers are frequently being developed and catching them can be
very difficult. However, if users take the appropriate steps such as installing firewalls and anti-
malware/virus software they will be less likely to fall prey to cyber criminals.
 Question 2

System Development Process

The system development process, also known as the system development life cycle, is a term
used in the development of software where a set of methodical processes, activities, or phases
are used to develop and implement a system. With the rapid development and constant
evolution of systems technologies to date, different development processes have been
established and tried. Though each of these processes has been developed with a specific
design in mind, we will find that many of them share common tasks, and are geared towards the
same goal.
System analysis- This includes the analysis of the problem that the organization will try to
solve. The system analyst designs a road map for the system and then he details the problems
of existing systems. The system analysis would determine whether the proposed system was a
good investment or not. System Design-Systems analysis defines how a system should fulfill
the requirements, and systems design shows how the system will fulfill this objective. The
system design is like a prototype of the system for example before building a house its whole
design is created on the paper. Similarly, a system is designed. Programming- After the system
designing, the design is then implemented in form of codes. in this stage the designs are
translated into programs. Testing- After the programming stage, here comes the testing. In this
stage program is checked whether it is giving the desired results or not. And if not than we
cannot move further to the next stage. Conversion- After coming to this stage the old system is
converted into new system. This phase of system is development is very important. Because in
this case detailed documentation is given to end-users to show how the new system works.
Failing to make them understand can result in system failure. Production and Maintenance- This
is the final stage of software development, after completion the software is used by both clients
as well as technicians. In case of any failure or if system is not behaving according to clients’
needs the technician team immediately comes into play and starts solving the issue.
Structured methodology - In this, everything is done in a structured manner i.e., step by step
rule is followed to document, analyses and design system. This approach is often time
consuming. Structured analysis use data dictionary which contains the data content and data
flow so that the developers understand what piece of data it contains. Object Oriented
Development- Structured methodology treat data and process as two different entities but it’s
not the case in Object oriented approach. This approach is based on the concept of class and
inheritance. As objects are reusable, this approach is time saving and saves cost of writing
software. Because organization can reuse already created objects to create new system.
System Development is the process of how the system is developed. For developers, it takes
seven phases into developing a system where they have to plan, analysis requirements, design,
develops, test, implements and maintains the system. Throughout these phases, there may
some change in the business, where they may have to repeat the life cycle over and over. The
System Development of any project can be a time-consuming process even though some steps
are difficult than the other, every phase must not be overlooked as they may prevent the entire
system from working thus making the timeframe of completion longer.