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Control - A5E33474566A - AA
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Safety notes 2
NEMA Table A
Abbreviations B
AA
A5E33474566A
Legal information
Warning notice system
This manual contains notices you have to observe in order to ensure your personal safety, as well as to prevent
damage to property. The notices referring to your personal safety are highlighted in the manual by a safety alert
symbol, notices referring only to property damage have no safety alert symbol. These notices shown below are
graded according to the degree of danger.
DANGER
indicates that death or severe personal injury will result if proper precautions are not taken.
WARNING
indicates that death or severe personal injury may result if proper precautions are not taken.
CAUTION
indicates that minor personal injury can result if proper precautions are not taken.
NOTICE
indicates that property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken.
If more than one degree of danger is present, the warning notice representing the highest degree of danger will be
used. A notice warning of injury to persons with a safety alert symbol may also include a warning relating to property
damage.
Qualified Personnel
The product/system described in this documentation may be operated only by personnel qualified for the specific
task in accordance with the relevant documentation, in particular its warning notices and safety instructions. Qualified
personnel are those who, based on their training and experience, are capable of identifying risks and avoiding
potential hazards when working with these products/systems.
Proper use of Siemens products
Note the following:
WARNING
Siemens products may only be used for the applications described in the catalog and in the relevant technical
documentation. If products and components from other manufacturers are used, these must be recommended or
approved by Siemens. Proper transport, storage, installation, assembly, commissioning, operation and
maintenance are required to ensure that the products operate safely and without any problems. The permissible
ambient conditions must be complied with. The information in the relevant documentation must be observed.
Trademarks
All names identified by ® are registered trademarks of Siemens AG. The remaining trademarks in this publication
may be trademarks whose use by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the owner.
Disclaimer of Liability
We have reviewed the contents of this publication to ensure consistency with the hardware and software described.
Since variance cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full consistency. However, the information in
this publication is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections are included in subsequent editions.
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................19
1.1 Power Topology.....................................................................................................................19
1.2 Control Overview....................................................................................................................19
1.3 Protocol for Cell Communication............................................................................................20
2 Safety notes................................................................................................................................................23
2.1 General Safety Information....................................................................................................23
2.2 Safety Concept.......................................................................................................................23
2.3 Observing the Five Safety Rules............................................................................................24
2.4 Safety Information and Warnings...........................................................................................25
2.5 ESD-sensitive Components...................................................................................................27
2.6 Electromagnetic Fields in Electrical Power Engineering Installations ...................................29
2.7 Security Information...............................................................................................................29
3 NXGpro Control Description.......................................................................................................................31
3.1 Control System.......................................................................................................................32
3.1.1 Digital Control Rack (DCR)....................................................................................................33
3.1.2 System Interface Board (SIB)................................................................................................35
3.1.3 User I/O..................................................................................................................................36
3.1.4 Control System Power Supply...............................................................................................36
3.2 Control Modes........................................................................................................................37
3.2.1 Open Loop Vector Control (OLVC)........................................................................................41
3.2.2 Open Loop Test Mode (OLTM)..............................................................................................41
3.2.3 Synchronous Motor Control (SMC)........................................................................................42
3.2.4 Volts/Hertz Control (V/Hz)......................................................................................................44
3.2.5 Closed Loop Control (CLVC or CSMC)..................................................................................44
3.2.6 Permanent Magnet Motor Control (PMM)..............................................................................44
3.2.7 Synchronous Motor with DC Brushless Exciter (SMDC)........................................................49
3.3 Watchdog Protections............................................................................................................50
3.4 Control Loops.........................................................................................................................51
3.4.1 Current Loop..........................................................................................................................51
3.4.2 Speed Loop............................................................................................................................51
3.4.3 Flux Loop...............................................................................................................................52
4 Hardware Interface Description..................................................................................................................53
4.1 Non-user Accessible Interfaces.............................................................................................53
4.1.1 System Inputs and Outputs for Motor Control........................................................................53
4.1.2 Test Point Port.......................................................................................................................55
4.1.3 Control Power........................................................................................................................56
4.1.4 Modulator and Fiber Optics....................................................................................................56
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 5
Table of contents
NXGpro Control
6 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Table of contents
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Table of contents
NXGpro Control
8 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
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NXGpro Control
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Table of contents
A NEMA Table.............................................................................................................................................365
B Abbreviations............................................................................................................................................369
Glossary...................................................................................................................................................375
Index.........................................................................................................................................................385
Tables
NXGpro Control
10 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
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Figures
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14 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
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NXGpro Control
18 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Introduction 1
SINAMICS PERFECT HARMONY GH180 medium voltage drives maintain a common control
system, the NXGpro control. This manual describes the NXGpro control system and the related
hardware and user interfaces. This manual covers the parameter assignment necessary for
operation and provides descriptions of specific functions and advanced features that may be
required when operating the NXGpro control system.
The NXGpro Control Operating Manual is intended for use with SINAMICS PERFECT
HARMONY GH180 medium voltage drives. This manual is intended for use by persons with
a working knowledge of the NXGpro control system. Specific configurations of the drive family
are described in more detail in the specific Operating Instructions Manual pertaining to that
hardware configuration. In addition, for information relating to maintenance and trouble-
shooting of the NXGpro control system, refer to the drive-specific Operating Instructions
Manual.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 19
Introduction
1.3 Protocol for Cell Communication
NXGpro Control
20 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Introduction
1.3 Protocol for Cell Communication
available in the control, it may not be feasible within the power electronics to mix cell types,
unless running at the least common denominator of cell capability.
AP provides additional feedback from cells equipped with this protocol capability for the control
while the drive is running. AP maintains the fast legacy signals needed for control and fault
handling.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 21
Introduction
1.3 Protocol for Cell Communication
NXGpro Control
22 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Safety notes 2
2.1 General Safety Information
Proper Use
SINAMICS PERFECT HARMONY GH180 medium voltage drives must always be installed in
closed electrical operating areas. The drive is connected to the industrial network via a circuit-
breaker.
The specific transport conditions must be observed when the equipment is transported. The
equipment shall be assembled/installed and the separate cabinet units connected properly by
cable and/or busbar in accordance with the assembly/installation instructions. The relevant
instructions regarding correct storage, EMC-compliant installation, cabling, shielding and
grounding and an adequate auxiliary power supply must be strictly observed. Fault-free
operation is also dependent on careful operation and maintenance. Refer to the drive's
Operating Instructions Manual, Section EMC Installation Guidelines.
The power sections are designed for variable-speed drives use with synchronous and
asynchronous motors. Operating modes, overload conditions, load cycles, and ambient
conditions different to those described in this document are allowed only by special
arrangement with the manufacturer.
Commissioning should only be carried out by trained service personnel in accordance with the
commissioning instructions.
System components such as circuit-breaker, transformer, cables, cooling unit, motor, speed
sensors, etc., must be matched to VFD operation. System configuration may only be carried
out by an experienced system integrator.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 23
Safety notes
2.3 Observing the Five Safety Rules
DANGER
Danger Due to High Voltages
High voltages cause death or serious injury if the safety instructions are not observed or if
the equipment is handled incorrectly.
Potentially fatal voltages occur when this equipment is in operation which can remain present
even after the VFD is switched off.
Ensure that only qualified and trained personnel carry out work on the equipment.
Follow the five safety rules during each stage of the work.
NXGpro Control
24 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Safety notes
2.4 Safety Information and Warnings
DANGER
Hazardous Voltage!
● Always follow the proper lock-out/tag-out procedures before beginning any maintenance
or troubleshooting work on the VFD.
● Always follow standard safety precautions and local codes during installation of external
wiring. The installation must follow wiring practices and insulation systems as specified in
IEC 61800-5-1.
● Hazardous voltages may still exist within the VFD cabinets even when the disconnect
switch is open (off) and the supply power is shut off.
● Only qualified individuals should install, operate, troubleshoot, and maintain this VFD. A
qualified individual is "a person, who is familiar with the construction and operation of the
equipment and the hazards involved."
● Always work with one hand, wear electrical safety gloves, wear insulated electrical hazard
rated safety shoes, and safety goggles. Also, always work with another person present.
● Always use extreme caution when handling or measuring components that are inside the
enclosure. Be careful to prevent meter leads from shorting together or from touching other
terminals.
● Use only instrumentation (e.g., meters, oscilloscopes, etc.) intended for high voltage
measurements (that is, isolation is provided inside the instrument, not provided by isolating
the chassis ground of the instrument).
● Never assume that switching off the input disconnector will remove all voltage from internal
components. Voltage is still present on the terminals of the input disconnector. Also, there
may be voltages present that are applied from other external sources.
● Never touch anything within the VFD cabinets until verifying that it is neither thermally hot
nor electrically alive.
● Never remove safety shields (marked with a HIGH VOLTAGE sign) or attempt to measure
points beneath the shields.
● Never operate the VFD with cabinet doors open. The only exception is the control cabinet
which contains extra low voltages (ELV).
● Never connect any grounded (i.e., non-isolated) meters or oscilloscopes to the system.
● Never connect or disconnect any meters, wiring, or printed circuit boards while the VFD
is energized.
● Never defeat the instrument’s grounding.
● When a system is configured with VFD bypass switchgear (e.g. contactors between line
and motor, and VFD and motor), these switches should be interlocked so that the line
voltage is never applied to the VFD output if the medium input voltage is removed from
the VFD.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 25
Safety notes
2.4 Safety Information and Warnings
WARNING
Potential Arc Hazard
● Arcing can result in damage to property, serious injury and even death.
● The equipment has not been tested and rated for arc flash protection.
● Avoiding arc hazard risks is dependent upon proper installation and maintenance.
● Incorrectly applied equipment, incorrectly selected, connected or unconnected cables, or
the presence of foreign materials can cause arcing in the equipment.
● Follow all applicable precautionary rules and guidelines as used in working with medium
voltage equipment.
● The equipment may be used only:
– for the applications defined as suitable in the technical description.
– in combination with equipment and components supplied by other manufacturers which
have been approved and recommended by Siemens.
Additional safety precautions and warnings appear throughout this manual. These important
messages should be followed to reduce the risk of personal injury or equipment damage.
WARNING
Obey Rules to Avoid Risk of Death
● Always comply with local codes and requirements if disposal of failed components is
necessary.
● Always ensure the use of an even and flat truck bed to transport the VFD system. Before
unloading, be sure that the concrete pad is level for storage and permanent positioning.
● Always confirm proper tonnage ratings of cranes, cables, and hooks when lifting the VFD
system. Dropping the cabinet or lowering it too quickly could damage the unit.
● Never disconnect control power while medium voltage is energized. This could cause
severe system overheating and/or damage.
● Never store flammable material in, on, or near the drive enclosure. This includes
equipment drawings and manuals.
● Never use fork trucks to lift cabinets that are not equipped with lifting tubes. Be sure that
the fork truck tines fit the lifting tubes properly and are the appropriate length.
NXGpro Control
26 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Safety notes
2.5 ESD-sensitive Components
NOTICE
ESD Sensitive Equipment
● Always be aware of electrostatic discharge (ESD) when working near or touching
components inside the VFD cabinet. The printed circuit boards contain components that
are sensitive to electrostatic discharge. Handling and servicing of components that are
sensitive to ESD should be done only by qualified personnel and only after reading and
understanding proper ESD techniques. The following ESD guidelines should be observed.
Following these rules can greatly reduce the possibility of ESD damage to printed circuit
board (PCB) components.
● Always transport static sensitive equipment in antistatic bags.
● Always use a soldering iron that has a grounded tip. Also, use either a metallic vacuum-
style plunger or copper braid when desoldering.
● Ensure that anyone handling the printed circuit boards is wearing a properly grounded
static strap. The wrist strap should be connected to ground through a 1 Megohm resistor.
Grounding kits are available commercially through most electronic wholesalers.
● Static charge build-up can be removed from a conductive object by touching the object
with a properly grounded piece of metal.
● When handling a PC board, always hold the card by its edges.
● Do not slide printed circuit boards (PCBs) across any surface (e.g., a table or work bench).
If possible, perform PCB maintenance at a workstation that has a conductive covering that
is grounded through a 1 Megohm resistor. If a conductive tabletop cover is unavailable, a
clean steel or aluminum tabletop is an excellent substitute.
● Avoid plastic Styrofoam™, vinyl and other non-conductive materials. They are excellent
static generators and do not give up their charge easily.
● When returning components to Siemens Industry, Inc. always use static-safe packing.
This limits any further component damage due to ESD.
NOTICE
Electrostatic discharge
Electronic components can be destroyed in the event of improper handling, transporting,
storage, and shipping.
Pack the electronic components in appropriate ESD packaging; e.g. ESD foam, ESD
packaging bags and ESD transport containers.
To protect your equipment against damage, follow the instructions given below.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 27
Safety notes
2.5 ESD-sensitive Components
● Avoid physical contact with electronic components. If you need to perform absolutely
essential work on these components, then you must wear one of the following protective
gear:
– Grounded ESD wrist strap
– ESD shoes or ESD shoe grounding strips if there is also an ESD floor.
● Do not place electronic components close to data terminals, monitors or televisions.
Maintain a minimum clearance to the screen (> 10 cm).
● Electronic components should not be brought into contact with electrically insulating
materials such as plastic foil, plastic parts, insulating table supports or clothing made of
synthetic fibers.
● Place components in contact with ESD-suited materials e.g. ESD tables, ESD surfaces,
ESD packaging.
● Measure on the components only if one of the following conditions is met:
– The measuring device is grounded with a protective conductor, for example.
– The measuring head of a floating measuring device has been discharged directly before
the measurement.
The necessary ESD protective measures for the entire working range for electrostatically
sensitive devices are illustrated once again in the following drawings. Precise instructions for
ESD protective measures are specified in the standard DIN EN 61340-5-1.
1 Sitting
2 Standing
3 Standing/sitting
a Conductive floor surface, only effective in conjunction with ESD shoes or ESD shoe grounding
strips
b ESD furniture
c ESD shoes or ESD shoe grounding strips are only effective in conjunction with conductive floor‐
ing
d ESD clothing
e ESD wristband
f Cabinet ground connection
NXGpro Control
28 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Safety notes
2.7 Security Information
WARNING
Electromagnetic fields "electro smog" when operating electrical power engineering
installations
Electromagnetic fields are generated during operation of electrical power engineering
installations.
Electromagnetic fields can interfere with electronic devices, which could cause them to
malfunction. For example, the operation of heart pacemakers can be impaired, potentially
leading to damage to a person's health or even death. It is therefore forbidden for persons
with heart pacemakers to enter these areas.
The plant operator is responsible for taking appropriate measures (labels and hazard
warnings) to adequately protect operating personnel and others against any possible risk.
● Observe the relevant nationally applicable health and safety regulations. For example, in
Germany, "electromagnetic fields" are subject to regulations BGV B11 and BGR B11
stipulated by the German statutory industrial accident insurance institution.
● Display adequate hazard warning notices on the installation.
● Place barriers around hazardous areas.
● Take measures, e.g. using shields, to reduce electromagnetic fields at their source.
● Ensure personnel are wearing the appropriate protective gear.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 29
Safety notes
2.7 Security Information
NXGpro Control
30 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
NXGpro Control Description 3
The NXGpro control monitors input power conditions and status, coordinates all power
components, controls output power to the motor, and performs special functions such as
integration into a process and transferring motors synchronously to and from power lines. At
the same time, the control protects the drive, the connected system process and the motor.
With specially equipped cells, the control also allows the cells to cleanly regenerate power
back into the input power feed.
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Note
The terms velocity and speed are used interchangeably throughout this manual.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 31
NXGpro Control Description
3.1 Control System
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32 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
NXGpro Control Description
3.1 Control System
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 33
NXGpro Control Description
3.1 Control System
NXGpro Control
34 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
NXGpro Control Description
3.1 Control System
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 35
NXGpro Control Description
3.1 Control System
See also
Discrete External I/O via WAGO System (Page 63)
NXGpro Control
36 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
NXGpro Control Description
3.2 Control Modes
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Vector Control
SINAMICS PERFECT HARMONY GH180 drives use vector control to control induction motors
and synchronous motors. Vector control provides a framework that is simple to implement,
and performs nearly as well as a DC motor. Figure Vector Control Algorithms shows a simplified
representation of the vector control algorithms implemented in the drives. The basic
components of vector control are:
1. Motor model: determines motor flux, angle and speed.
2. Current regulators: these regulators are referred to as the inner loops.
3. Flux and speed regulators: these regulators are referred to as the outer loops.
4. Feed-forward (FF) compensation: improves the transient response of torque loop and flux
loop.
Motor Model
The motor model uses measured motor voltage and estimated stator resistance voltage drop
to determine stator flux amplitude, motor speed and flux angle. This allows stator resistance
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 37
NXGpro Control Description
3.2 Control Modes
Current Regulators
The flux angle is used to decompose the measured motor currents into magnetizing and torque
producing components. It is this decomposition that allows independent control of flux and
torque, similar to DC motor control. These current components are regulated to their
commanded values by the current regulators. Outputs of the current regulators are combined
and converted to produce three-phase voltage commands that get modified with signals from
various other control routines, before being passed on to the modulator. These control routines
include:
● Dead-time compensation to compensate for dead-time in the switching of the upper and
lower IGBTS of each pole in a power cell.
● Peak reduction for third-harmonic injection to maximize drive output voltage, and for drive
neutral-shift during transparent cell-bypass.
● Voltage commands to produce losses for dual-frequency braking.
Feed-forward Compensation
Transient response of the flux and torque regulators is improved with the use of feed-forward
(FF) compensation as shown in Figure Vector Control Algorithms.
NXGpro Control
38 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
NXGpro Control Description
3.2 Control Modes
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Numbers within square brackets show the parameter ID for the corresponding function.
Symbol Description
FluxDS D-component of motor flux as referenced to the stator; also equal to the motor flux, since
Q-component is zero. Motor Flux is defined as: Motor_Voltage / Stator_Frequency (rad/s).
Flux (which has units of Volt-seconds) is also proportional (but not equal) to Volts-per-Hertz
ratio.
r For an induction motor: Motor_Speed = Stator_Frequency / Pole_Pairs – Slip_Speed
This is the rotor (mechanical) frequency, which is equivalent to the motor speed.
For a synchronous motor: Motor _Speed = Stator_Frequency / Pole_Pairs
Ids Magnetizing component of motor current.
Iqs Torque producing component of motor current.
Vds,ref Output of magnetizing current regulator used in the inverse D-Q transformation to produce
3-phase voltages.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 39
NXGpro Control Description
3.2 Control Modes
Symbol Description
Vqs,ref Output of torque current regulator used in the inverse D-Q transformation to produce 3-
phase voltages.
ωs Stator frequency or output frequency of the drive. This is motorspeed (r) + Slip.
θs Flux angle. This is the instantaneous position of the rotating flux vector.
Ia, Ib, Ic Motor phase currents.
NXGpro Control
40 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
NXGpro Control Description
3.2 Control Modes
CAUTION
Open loop test mode (OLTM) is used for test purposes during commissioning only.
Do not use this mode to control a motor.
In OLTM the motor current feedback signals are ignored. This control mode is used during
drive setup, when the modulation on the cells is to be verified, or when testing the drive without
a load. It can also be used when the motor is first connected to the drive to make sure that the
Hall effect transducers are working correctly and are providing the correct polarity on the
feedback signals. Do not use this mode to adjust scale factors for input and output, voltage
and currents.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 41
NXGpro Control Description
3.2 Control Modes
In this mode, the drive goes through the magnetizing state to the run state without considering
the motor flux. Only motor nameplate values and some drive related parameters are required
for this mode. Ensure the following parameter settings are configured for this control mode:
● Spinning load and fast bypass are disabled internally for this mode.
● Increase acceleration and deceleration times in the Speed Ramp Menu.
● Reduce flux demand. Flux and voltage instability may occur with an attached motor.
● Uncouple any connected motor from a load. Do not run higher than 20 to 25 % of drive
rating, this allows for verification of the current feedback polarity.
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Figure 3-6 Drive Arrangement for Synchronous Motor with AC Brushless Exciter
The figure shows a brushless synchronous motor with the static exciter wound for 3-phase AC
in the range of 350 to 400 volts. If this is not the case, then a transformer is needed between
the auxiliary power and the field exciter. The circuit wheel needs only a rectifier.
NXGpro Control
42 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
NXGpro Control Description
3.2 Control Modes
Motor Protection
The control provides for minimal motor protection when the motor is connected to the drive.
For a system that employs drive, not cell, bypass, external protection of the motor is required.
The control will trip the drive on a loss of field fault if the motor draws excessive reactive current,
which will occur when the exciter fails full on or off. An external means to disconnect the exciter
power from the field is required to fully protect the motor.
CAUTION
Incorrect use of Stage 2 auto-tuning will lead to drive instability.
Never use Stage 2 auto-tuning with synchronous motors.
Only use Stage 1 auto-tuning with synchronous motors.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 43
NXGpro Control Description
3.2 Control Modes
See also
Control Modes (Page 37)
Note
Many of the features available with OLVC, such as fast bypass, spinning load, and slip
compensation, are not available with this mode, as individual feedback and control of each
motor is not possible.
Note
There is no encoder capability for use with PMM control mode. Do not use the CSMC for PMM
control to include an encoder, as this will not function correctly.
With PMM control, the flux regulator output is disabled. Instead, Ids,ref is calculated based on
the Reactive Current mode (2981) selection. PF, as shown in the vector diagrams, is measured
from the drive output terminals, not from the motor reference.
The following figure shows the control with the flux regulator disabled.
NXGpro Control
44 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
NXGpro Control Description
3.2 Control Modes
0DQXDORU
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5HJXODWRU
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Note
Since the Auto and Auto Phase Advance modes increase the output power and voltage to the
motor, these modes must be disabled if attempting synchronous transfer of the PMM. The
Manual modes may also prevent proper operation of synchronous transfer.
Disabled mode
This mode is the basic PMM control configuration. Since the flux is along the D-axis and Ids
and Vds are zero, the drive voltage is uncompensated and motor back EMF is unknown.
The figure below shows the vector diagram for disabled mode:
4D[LV
M; /,V 9TV
9V
&HPI
)OX['V 'D[LV
● Ids,ref = 0
● Drive output PF = 1
● Motor PF (rotor reference) is less than unity
● Ids compensation is off
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 45
NXGpro Control Description
3.2 Control Modes
Auto mode
In this mode, the PF is controlled to produce the maximum torque per amp of the PMM motor
by ensuring the torque producing current is aligned to the motor Cemf. This is accomplished
by compensating for the voltage loss and phase delay caused by the total stator inductance,
parameter Stator Ls Total (1081). Total Stator inductance is defined as:
Total Stator Inductance = Leakage inductance + Magnetizing stator inductance
The figure below shows the vector diagram for auto mode:
4D[LV
9TV
)OX['V 'D[LV
● Ids,ref = 0
● Drive output PF < 1
● Motor PF (rotor reference) = 1
● Auto PF is on
Manual mode
This mode is used on test stands for which manual control is desired. Ids,ref is entered manually
via parameter Output Ids (2982). The value entered can be positive or negative 100% of the
motor current rating. The magnitude is prevented from becoming less than 1% to prevent
instability. Vs is aligned to the q-axis.
The figures below show the vector diagrams for manual mode and manual network mode with
positive Ids and negative Ids.
NXGpro Control
46 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
NXGpro Control Description
3.2 Control Modes
4D[LV
M; /,V
9V &HPI
,GV
,TV
&XUUHQW ,V
)OX['V 'D[LV
● Ids,ref > 0
● Drive output PF < 1 based on the stator current vector
● Motor PF (rotor reference) < 1
● XL compensation is off (motor inductance voltage drop not compensated)
4D[LV
M; /,V
&HPI
9V
,TV
&XUUHQW ,V
● Ids,ref < 0
● Drive output PF < 1 based on the stator current vector
● Motor PF (rotor reference) < 1
● XL compensation is off (motor inductance voltage drop not compensated)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 47
NXGpro Control Description
3.2 Control Modes
,GVUDWHG
The figures below show the vector diagrams for auto phase advance mode below and above
base speed:
4D[LV
9TV
)OX['V 'D[LV
NXGpro Control
48 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
NXGpro Control Description
3.2 Control Modes
● Ids,ref = 0
● Drive output PF < 1 (motor inductance voltage drop is compensated)
● Motor PF (rotor reference) = 1 with the motor inductance drop being compensated
● Auto PF is on (XL compensation)
4D[LV
M; /,V
&HPI
9V
,TV
&XUUHQW ,V
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 49
NXGpro Control Description
3.3 Watchdog Protections
Startup is based on the high starting torque method already implemented in the control code.
It adds a separate starting state machine that requires only the selection of SMDC control
mode. High starting torque mode is set internally and automatically.
Once operational, the machine will continue in operation as a standard SM. Spinning load and
fast bypass cannot be used in this control mode, these features are disabled internally.
NOTICE
Potential Damage to Motor
If the motor does not come to a complete stop before restarting it may result in higher than
rated torque on the motor and shaft, and lead to damage to the motor or load.
Ensure that the motor has come to a complete stop before restarting.
NXGpro Control
50 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
NXGpro Control Description
3.4 Control Loops
● Input breaker (M1 Permit) watchdog - This watchdog is built into the system firmware as
part of the hardware. It causes the input breaker close permissive relay (M1) to open on a
watchdog trip.
● Modulator watchdog - This watchdog disables all cell outputs if the CPU stops
communicating with the modulator. Since the CPU has stopped functioning properly, no
fault condition can display but the power electronics will shut down via the modulator
watchdog.
If the external Wago I/O system is used, the Wago watchdog must be enabled. Refer to "Wago
timeout" parameter (2850) for additional information.
See also
Options for Drive Menu (2) (Page 85)
See also
Output Filters (Page 207)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 51
NXGpro Control Description
3.4 Control Loops
Default values for the double speed Kf gain and the speed loop filter time constant are
sufficient. A value closer to 0.5 for the double speed gain allows reduced overshoot, while a
value closer to 1.0 makes the speed regulator a traditional PI regulator and could have more
overshoot.
For applications where the motor and load do not have similar inertia, adjustment of the default
settings is necessary, as in the following examples:
● ESP applications have motors with very low inertia. In such applications, the speed loop
proportional and integral gains can be safely reduced by a factor of 5 or more from their
default settings.
● Fan applications have motors with very high inertia. In such applications, the speed loop
proportional and integral gains are typically reduced by a factor of 2 to 5 from their default
settings. These applications, in general, do not require fast speed regulator response, and
a reduction in speed loop gains prevents large or sudden changes in the torque current
command.
NXGpro Control
52 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Hardware Interface Description 4
This chapter details the hardware interfacing components of the NXGpro control. The scope
of the interface, as described in this chapter, is from the control rack to the other components
of the drive and customer interfaces including hardware descriptions of the various
components. This chapter is divided into two sections, as follows:
● the first section provides an overview of the non-user accessible interfaces: these
components are internal to the design and construction of the drive and are provided for
reference only.
● the second section provides more detailed descriptions of the user accessible interfaces.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 53
Hardware Interface Description
4.1 Non-user Accessible Interfaces
The SIB connects via cable to the main control board in the control rack. The SIB also contains
several user connections. These are:
● Isolated encoder interface for a typical quadrature, optical encoder, interface type HTL.
Refer to Section Encoder Interface.
● Trip/permissive to close drive main input line power contactor/circuit breaker M1. Refer to
Section Dedicated I/O for Type 5 and Type 6 Pre-charge.
The following functions performed by the SIB provide a signal directly to the modulator to shut
down all cell switching immediately:
● Inhibit or CR3 signal to modulator. Refer to Section Inhibit Input (Control Relay 3, CR3).
See also
Encoder Interface (Page 58)
Dedicated I/O for Type 5 and Type 6 Pre-charge (Page 66)
Inhibit Input (Control Relay 3, CR3) (Page 58)
NXGpro Control
54 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Hardware Interface Description
4.1 Non-user Accessible Interfaces
NOTICE
Risk of damage to equipment.
Do not attempt direct manual measurement of signals at the port connector.
This can cause damage to components.
Instead always directly measure signals via the test point board.
For correct use of the signals beyond the test point board, consult the design documentation
for proper scaling. Refer to the table below for details of the available signals.
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Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 55
Hardware Interface Description
4.1 Non-user Accessible Interfaces
NXGpro Control
56 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
automatically anytime the drive enable is true allowing the transistors in the cells to gate or
turn on.
DANGER
Electric Shock Hazard
Risk of death or serious injury.
The medium voltage bypass board is located in the high voltage section of the drive and is
at high voltage potential.
Components in this area must only be accessed by qualified Siemens personnel.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 57
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
keypad plus it provides graphing capability for a number of internal control signals. The drive
tool is part of a collection of tools known collectively as the ToolSuite. Refer to the NXGpro
ToolSuite Software Manual for further information.
As part of the diagnostic capabilities of the NXGpro control, diagnostic information is available
through connection to the VGA port on the DCR. Control of the screens is achieved through
the use of a standard PC keyboard attached to one of the USB ports on the DCR. This capability
is also available through the ToolSuite software. Refer to the NXGpro ToolSuite Software
Manual for further information.
See also
Software User Interface (Page 251)
NXGpro Control
58 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
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The signal level at the input to the drive is 0.5 VDCmax for the low signal and 13.5 to 15
VDCnominal (18 VDCmax) for the high signal. Siemens recommends a minimum pulse rate of 1024
pulses per revolution to ensure good low speed regulation.
Note
The drive requires all four feedback signals to function properly.
The drive provides terminal strips as required for end-user connection of analog and digital
input/output (I/O) signals to the drive. Specific I/O implementation is customized for each drive
and you must refer to the drawings provided with the drive. The control interfaces each of these
I/O points via fiber optic connected user I/O boards or RS232 connected WAGO expansion I/
O modules (or both). Up to four fiber optically connected user I/O boards may be connected
in linear series for greater capabilities. The first board in the series is always dedicated to I/O
points critical to the drive operation. The other expansion I/O connections, as required, are
intended for user to system I/O that is for typical drive operation or non-critical for protection.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 59
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
In defining the I/O, the I/O points associated with the user I/O board(s) are referred to as internal
I/O and the WAGO is referred to as external I/O.
The system operating program (SOP) determines the routing of signals to each of these I/O
points, while the control provides a means to define the signal, the type and the scaling of the
analog signals.
See also
SOP Development and Operation (Page 301)
NXGpro Control
60 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
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The 20 digital inputs are electrically isolated into five groups of four with a common low side
connection for each group. All terminals of the form C relays are available for the digital outputs.
The analog I/O are all individually isolated. The analog circuits are internally powered and do
not require a separate supply. In addition, the 0 to 10 V inputs provide an isolated 11 VDC
supply for the use of a 10 K Ohm potentiometer. While the circuits have a higher isolation
rating, the actual isolation is limited by the ratings of the connectors used (300 VAC). Actual
usage of these connections will depend on the individual wiring of the drive to the TB2 terminal
strip. Refer to the drive specific wiring diagrams.
While gain and offset adjustments of internal analog I/O is provided for in the software for
previous generations of equipment, the NXGpro user I/O boards do not require adjustment for
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 61
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
See also
Dedicated I/O (Page 66)
NXGpro Control
62 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
See also
Operating the Software (Page 301)
Options for Drive Menu (2) (Page 85)
Note
Changes to the original configuration
If changes are made to the original configuration of the WAGO system in the drive system, the
SOP must be reviewed for proper assignment of I/O and function of SOP.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 63
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
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NXGpro Control
64 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
NOTICE
Changing standard settings
Only personnel trained by Siemens are entitled to perform changes of standard settings.
Work carried out incorrectly can result in damage to the equipment and in breakdown during
operation.
Ensure that only personnel trained by Siemens carry out work on the equipment.
Note
The SOP is written and compiled externally, therefore error checking is done at the compiler
level.
Follow correct implementation of the SOP as described in Chapter Operating the Software.
If not followed correctly this could result in drive instability.
See also
Operating the Software (Page 301)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 65
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
NXGpro control systems must utilize at least one user I/O board. Some of the I/O on the first
board have been given standard assignments. This improves response time, and prevents
changes in the SOP from affecting the drive protection measures assigned to the specific I/O.
These standard assignments are referred to as dedicated I/O. The following sections describe
these dedicated assignments.
Note
Water-cooled 6SR32x cells, 750 V AP and 750 V AP 4Q, must use type 5 or 6 pre-charge.
NXGpro Control
66 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
See also
System Inputs and Outputs for Motor Control (Page 53)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 67
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
Note
Drives produced prior to NXGpro control may not be equipped with an ICB.
The "Tamper Resistant Input Protection" feature requires the completion of a test to verify that
the input circuit breaker is operating correctly and is able to remove medium voltage within a
specified timeframe.
● The test must be performed and successfully passed before the drive will be permitted to
run. The test must be run once initially and will rerun automatically any time the system
opens the input breaker. The result of the test is stored in nonvolatile memory in the NXGpro
control so that the test need not be performed every time the system is repowered.
● If this test is not performed and successfully passed, the drive will be inhibited and will not
be permitted to run.
● This test must be performed and successfully passed if the NXGpro DCR rack is replaced.
NXGpro Control
68 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
Menu parameters associated with the "Tamper Resistant Input Protection" feature are as
follows:
● Parameter ID 7127 "Drive Has Input Breaker": This parameter indicates that the drive has
an input breaker that is under NXGpro control.
– The default setting is "yes".
– Setting this parameter to "no" for a drive originally equipped with NXGpro control will
cause incorrect drive operation. The "no" option is for retrofit purposes only for systems
that are not utilizing an input circuit breaker.
Note
Siemens recommends always using an ICB.
Note
Incorrectly setting this parameter to "no" for drives which require ICB protection will result
in an "Input Breaker Required" fault.
● Parameter ID 7125 "Input Breaker Open Time": This parameter is used to set the maximum
expected opening time for the input breaker when using Tamper Resistant Input Protection.
– The default time is 0.4 seconds.
– The maximum time setting is 0.5 seconds.
● Parameter ID 7126 "Test TRIP Response": This parameter initiates the test of the "Tamper
Resistant Input Protection" to measure the ICB response time. The input breaker will open
during the test and removal of medium voltage within the required time period will be verified.
Refer to Chapter Troubleshooting Faults and Alarms, Section Handling Tamper Resistant Input
Protection Related Faults for fault related information.
The following table provides information for terminal block TB1 connection. Refer to the drive
specific wiring diagrams for TB2 connection points.
See also
System Inputs and Outputs for Motor Control (Page 53)
Drive Faults and Alarms (Page 309)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 69
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
Anybus Modules
The Anybus modules are network specific communication boards with a proprietary interface
to the control. They are mounted in the DCR chassis during the assembly of the control for the
specific order.
1 Network 1
2 Network 2
NXGpro Control
70 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
Ethernet Port
The Ethernet port is located on the end of the DCR. The port is capable of 10/100 Mb speeds.
Refer to the NXGpro Communication Manual for further information and supported protocols.
Modem
The modem port is a special case communication port for monitoring status of the drive only.
Refer to the NXGpro Communication Manual for further information.
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NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 71
Hardware Interface Description
4.2 User Accessible Interfaces
NXGpro Control
72 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Parameter Assignment / Addressing 5
5.1 Menu Descriptions
Note
Changing Drive Parameters
Only Siemens trained personnel are authorized to change drive parameters.
Familiarize yourself with the safety notes in Section Safety Notes for Parameter Changes and
preferentially contact Siemens customer service before changing the default configuration.
The following sections contain a description of parameter items available in the drive parameter
menu structure. Table Menu and Submenu Summary lists main menus and submenus of the
system. Each menu and submenu is associated with an ID shown in the ID column. Use the
key sequence [SHIFT]+[⇒] followed by the ID number to directly access each menu item. Use
the four arrow keys to navigate through the menu tree.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 73
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.1 Menu Descriptions
NXGpro Control
74 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.2 Safety Notes for Parameter Changes
CAUTION
Changing parameter values
Changes to parameter values may result in drive trip, instability or damage of the drive parts.
Rated input and output variables determine internal scaling for protection, stability and control,
and must never be changed from actual drive and motor ratings.
Do not change settings of any of the following parameters unless you are completely certain
that the change is safe.
If the changes have to be done, make sure that while you change parameter settings the
drive is not running and run is inhibited.
NOTICE
Entering correct parameter values
Entering parameter values may impact drive functions severely.
Do not enter parameter values unless you are completely sure of the effect your changes will
have.
You are responsible for providing correct parameter values.
Note
Consulting Siemens applications engineering
The parameters discussed in this chapter are based on hardware used within the drive and
on the design limits of drive components.
Do not change these settings in the field to match the conditions on the site unless hardware
modifications have been made and Siemens applications engineering approves of these
changes.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 75
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.3 Options for Motor Menu (1)
Note
Preventing unauthorized parameter changes
To prevent unauthorized changes to the parameters, you can set SOP flag
KeySwitchLockOut_O to true. You will be able to display all parameters as usual. See
Chapter Operating the Software for information about SOP flags.
Additionally, you can modify the password for security levels via the security edit function at
security level 7. See Section Security Access Levels and Codes for further information.
Note
Using the help feature
A help feature is available for all parameter settings. Press [SHIFT] + [0] key sequence on the
keypad, to activate the help feature.
This feature provides a text description of the desired selection, plus the parameters minimum
and maximum value if applicable. If more than two lines of help text are available, use the up
[⇑] and down [⇓] arrow keys to scroll through and view the complete help message.
Parameters are hidden in the menu display when there is insufficient security clearance to edit
the parameter.
Menu items may be hidden if they do not apply to the current drive configuration. For example:
If Network 1 Type (9901) is set to "none" then all associated parameters and menus from ID
9902 to 9966 (network configuration and register data) are not displayed.
Table Menu and Submenu Summary lists menus with associated "Off" submenu names only.
Parameters and functions found in these menus are described in the following sections. Use
the associated submenu name from this table to locate the section of the chapter that explains
the associated items.
Menu items change with new releases of software. The menu system described here may vary
slightly from the menu system on your drive. Your drive has help functions for every parameter
and these can be used if the function is not described here.
Note
Changing Drive Parameters
Only Siemens trained personnel are authorized to change drive parameters.
Familiarize yourself with the safety notes in Section Safety Notes for Parameter Changes and
preferentially contact Siemens customer service before changing the default configuration.
NXGpro Control
76 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.3 Options for Motor Menu (1)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 77
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.3 Options for Motor Menu (1)
NXGpro Control
78 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.3 Options for Motor Menu (1)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 79
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.3 Options for Motor Menu (1)
NXGpro Control
80 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.3 Options for Motor Menu (1)
* The purpose of the Peak Reduction Enable (1248) parameter is to set the starting point of
third harmonic injection, peak reduction, based on either the default VFD voltage rating or
the motor voltage rating. Refer to the following figure. This is used in motor test stand
applications where the VFD voltage rating may be considerably higher than the motor
voltage rating, to reduce voltage stress on the insulation of a smaller motor.
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* The parameters in this table are used to set the inverse time TOL algorithm for speed
derating, in parameter Overload select (1130).
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 81
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.3 Options for Motor Menu (1)
CAUTION
Stage 2 Auto-tuning
Use of Stage 2 auto-tuning increases the current loop gains.
Do not use this function without guidance from Siemens customer service.
Failure to do so can lead to highly unstable performance.
See also
Drive Tuning (Page 186)
Table 5-6 Encoder Menu (1280) Parameters: Closed Loop Vector Control only
NXGpro Control
82 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.3 Options for Motor Menu (1)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 83
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.3 Options for Motor Menu (1)
120
100
80
Current limit (A)
60
40
20
0
0 730 960 1250 1560 1745 1985 2275 2585 3000
speed (rpm)
NXGpro Control
84 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
Rollback Considerations
The current limit setting in this profile is a maximum current limit setting that can be overridden
by external drive factors, such as loss of an input voltage phase, loss of cells, etc. If such an
event occurs, the current limit is internally calculated by the control and may not be the desired
current limit that was set in the profile. In addition, if the load is increased beyond this current
limit, the speed will be reduced in order to maintain torque. Reducing the speed may in turn
reduce the torque depending on the next current set point within the profile. This could cause
a cascading effect, and must be considered when setting up the profile.
Note
Changing Drive Parameters
Only Siemens trained personnel are authorized to change drive parameters.
Familiarize yourself with the safety notes in Section Safety Notes for Parameter Changes and
preferentially contact Siemens customer service before changing the default configuration.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 85
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
NOTICE
IP Address Duplication
Duplicating IP addresses will cause unintended communication issues that will lead to
incorrect drive operation.
To avoid duplication of IP addresses, ensure that the IP addresses of the drive and the PC
are NOT the same before connecting an external PC to the Ethernet connection of the drive.
NOTICE
Setting Rated Values Incorrectly
Rated values must be set according to actual rated values.
Failure to do so can result in unintended performance and may disable drive protections.
Note
Consulting Applications Engineering
The parameters discussed in this section are based on hardware used within the drive and on
the design limits of drive components.
Do not change these settings in the field to match the conditions on the site unless hardware
modifications have been made and Siemens applications engineering approves the changes.
NXGpro Control
86 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
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Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 87
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
NXGpro Control
88 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
* The parameters in this table are enabled for use by SOP flags. If enabled, the values as
set are used.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 89
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
NXGpro Control
90 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
* If spinning load mode is disabled from this parameter, it will enable automatically on an as-
needed basis; this occurs only when fast bypass is enabled and only for the duration of the
bypass. This action is internal and does not require user intervention. This action does not
affect the spinning load mode parameter.
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Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 91
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
NXGpro Control
92 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
CAUTION
Incorrect parameter settings
The drive will not work properly if relevant parameters are not set correctly.
Incorrect parameter settings may impair the drive function and cause severe material damage.
Verify changed parameters and ensure that all parameter settings are correct.
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5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
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5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
* Default values are highly recommended. Changing from defaults may have unintended
results.
1
The phase error threshold parameter (2740) was input in radians instead of degrees in
software versions up to and including 2.4. For these versions, multiply the desired degrees
by π/180 and enter.
2
Up and down transfer timeout "faults" create a drive alarm and return the drive to the prior
state before transfer was attempted. A reset must be issued to clear this "fault" before
attempting another transfer.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
See also
User Inputs and Outputs (Page 59)
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5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
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5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
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5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
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5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
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5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
Table 5-32 Pick list for graphing and analog testpoint variables
Output Power Average (kW) Drive State AFE Input Voltage Feed-for‐ Input Voltage Fundamental
ward Magnitude
Phase A filter current Up Transfer State AFE Real Current Feed-for‐ Disable Rollback active
ward
Phase B filter current Down Transfer State Input Id unfiltered Total Output Current filtered
Phase C filter current Drive Internal Losses Input Iq unfiltered Phase A output volts (rms)
Measured Phase A volts (not Excess Input Reactive Cur‐ AFE kVar Phase B output volts (rms)
functional) rent
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
Measured Phase B volts (not Speed Droop AFE kW Phase C output volts (rms)
functional)
Measured Phase C volts (not Precharge State Variable Maximum Demand Output Phase A output current (rms)
functional)
Measured Output Neutral Precharge Voltage SMDC Mode state variable Phase B output current (rms)
Voltage
Max Available Output Volts Input Real Current Drive Loss Fault Limit Phase C output current (rms)
Input Reactive Power (kVar) Input Reactive Current Torque ramp output Max Total Current Limit
Drive Efficiency AFE Reactive Current Refer‐ High Speed delay angle
ence
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
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5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
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5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
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5.4 Options for Drive Menu (2)
See also
Cable Inductance Compensation (Page 244)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.5 Options for Stability Menu (3)
Watchdog Menu
It is highly recommended that the Enable Watchdog parameter be set to enabled. If the WAGO
I/O System is being used, this parameter must be enabled for proper operation of parameter
Wago Timeout (2850).
Note
Changing Drive Parameters
Only Siemens trained personnel are authorized to change drive parameters.
Familiarize yourself with the safety notes in Section Safety Notes for Parameter Changes and
preferentially contact Siemens customer service before changing the default configuration.
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5.5 Options for Stability Menu (3)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.5 Options for Stability Menu (3)
CAUTION
PLL gains and scaling parameter values
Changing PLL gains from the default values or setting scaling parameter values incorrectly
can cause unintended results that affect performance and disable drive protections.
Scaling parameter values must match actual hardware ratings.
Never change scaling parameter values from actual hardware ratings.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.5 Options for Stability Menu (3)
CAUTION
Setting scaling parameter values
Setting scaling parameter values incorrectly can cause unintended results that affect
performance and disable drive protections.
Scaling parameter values must match actual hardware ratings.
Never change scaling parameter values from actual hardware ratings.
Note
Additional fine-tuning of the drive
Many of the parameters in the output processing menu use the default settings.
Only in special circumstances may you need to make changes to these parameters for
additional fine-tuning of the drive.
Further information for estimating flux using the pole of software integrator
The control converts the motor voltage feedback into motor flux for estimating speed and
torque. This process requires an integrator to convert voltage into flux. An integrator has the
transfer function 1/s in the Laplace domain. If implemented, this translates to infinite gain at
zero frequency or dc.
This process magnifies offsets and noise that are introduced by the measurements. In order
to limit the gain at extremely low frequencies, the transfer function is approximated by 1/(s +
a), where a is the S/W compensator pole. The pole introduced by a affects the motor flux phase
angle, and is chosen to be low enough such that the error introduced is small.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.5 Options for Stability Menu (3)
In typical applications that have short cables between the motor and the VFD the default value
of a, 2 rad/s, provides a good compromise between flux phase angle error and reduced gain
at dc.
In long cable applications, the effect of compensating the cable voltage drop, resistive and
inductive, causes additional terms to be introduced in the motor flux calculation, i.e. Vmotor =
Vvfd – I*Rcable – I*w*Lcable. This requires that a be increased so as to avoid the sensitivity of offsets
and measurement errors. However, there is an adverse effect on the starting torque capability.
Typically for cables longer than 5000 m, a can be set in the range of 4 to 6 rad/s. With such a
setting, enable High starting torque mode (2960) to maintain good starting torque capability.
See also
Parallel Drive Control (Page 238)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.5 Options for Stability Menu (3)
See also
Auto-tuning (Page 186)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.5 Options for Stability Menu (3)
Note
Dual-frequency Braking (DFB)
Braking capacity is accomplished by means of DFB.
This feature injects a counter-rotating flux vector at well beyond the slip of the machine. This
creates a braking function and generates additional losses in the motor.
You may adjust the injection frequency via a menu setting to avoid critical frequencies, i.e.
mechanical resonances.
DFB is for braking only. Do not use DFB as a replacement for a four quadrant drive. Maximum
losses in the motor provide a deceleration torque that is much lower than the regenerative
torque provided by a regenerative drive.
Note
Restrictions for dual frequency operation
When AFE or six step regeneration are enabled, DFB is disabled.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.6 Options for Auto Menu (4)
Note
Changing Drive Parameters
Only Siemens trained personnel are authorized to change drive parameters.
Familiarize yourself with the safety notes in Section Safety Notes for Parameter Changes and
preferentially contact Siemens customer service before changing the default configuration.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.6 Options for Auto Menu (4)
6SHHG 6SHHG
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5DWHG0RWRU RO
QW U ([LW6SHHG RO
&R &RQWU
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Table 5-69 Analog Input Menu (4090) Parameters for External and Internal Inputs
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5.6 Options for Auto Menu (4)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.6 Options for Auto Menu (4)
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5.6 Options for Auto Menu (4)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.6 Options for Auto Menu (4)
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5.6 Options for Auto Menu (4)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.6 Options for Auto Menu (4)
Use the pick list variables to assign hardware inputs to internal analog variables used within the code as assigned by the
associated SOP flag selections.
Table 5-78 Analog Output Menu (4660) Parameters for External Outputs
* Each analog output parameter, 1 to 16, contains a submenu consisting of the following
parameters:
● Analog variable
● Output module type
● Full range
The formulas presented in the ID column give you the direct ID number for the corre‐
sponding analog output.
For example, for analog output 4:
● The analog output ID will be 4660 + 4 (4 - 1) + 1, or 4673.
● The analog variable ID for analog output 4 will be 4660 + 4 (4 - 1) + 2, or 4674.
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5.6 Options for Auto Menu (4)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.6 Options for Auto Menu (4)
* Inputs are fixed in the command generator setpoint sources. Refer to Section Command
Generator in Chapter Operating the Control.
1
Can be selected through an external contact and the SOP.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.7 Options for Main Menu (5)
See Tables Analog Input #1 Menu (4100) and Analog Input #2 Menu (4170) for scaling
information.
CAUTION
Providing correct inputs and parameters for PID command and feedback
If you assign incorrect inputs for PID command and feedback, it may cause instability of the
system and severe mechanical damage.
You are responsible for providing correct inputs and parameters for PID command and
feedback.
Check that all inputs and parameters for PID command and feedback are correctly assigned.
See also
Command Generator (Page 179)
Note
Changing Drive Parameters
Only Siemens trained personnel are authorized to change drive parameters.
Familiarize yourself with the safety notes in Section Safety Notes for Parameter Changes and
preferentially contact Siemens customer service before changing the default configuration.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.7 Options for Main Menu (5)
Note
Description of menu options
The contents of menus 1 to 9 are explained consecutively in this chapter. Refer to the
appropriate section for descriptions of options within each menu.
You can access all of the menus directly using the keypad or from Main Menu (5). The following
figure depicts a typical menu selection from the main menu level, as viewed through the Drive
Tool.
Main Menu (5) functions and submenus are explained in the tables that follow.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.7 Options for Main Menu (5)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.7 Options for Main Menu (5)
CAUTION
Changing parameter settings for Drive Running Inhibit (5020)
Changes to Drive running inhibit (5020) may enable parameter changes while the drive is
running.
This may result in drive trip or instability.
Do not change the Drive running inhibit (5020) setting of any parameter unless you are
completely certain that the change is safe.
Note
Changing default access codes
Access codes allow you to access and change the default security settings of the drive control.
Menu options above security level 5 are intended only for trained Siemens personnel during
commissioning or servicing.
Siemens recommends changing access codes to provide a higher level of security and to
prevent tampering.
Access the Security Edit Menu (5000) to change the factory default security settings. When
the drive is configured for security level 7 access, the Security Edit Menu (5000) is visible from
the Main Menu (5). Functions within this menu are used to:
● set the security levels for menu items
● hide menu items
● prevent changes to specific parameters.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.8 Options for Log Control Menu (6)
The Security Edit Functions Menu (5000) contains security functions described in the table
below.
Note
Changing Drive Parameters
Only Siemens trained personnel are authorized to change drive parameters.
Familiarize yourself with the safety notes in Section Safety Notes for Parameter Changes and
preferentially contact Siemens customer service before changing the default configuration.
The Log Control Menu (6) consists of the following menu options:
● Event Log Menu (6180)
● Alarm/Fault Log Menu (6210)
● Historic Log Menu (6250)
These menus are explained in the tables that follow.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.8 Options for Log Control Menu (6)
NOTICE
* NXGpro uses a standard driver and does not allow the installation of drivers, therefore some
USB disk devices may not be compatible with NXGpro.
● When attempting to download information using a USB disk drive, check the keypad
display for a failure message such as, "An error has occurred" or "Error opening output
file".
● This latter message may also occur if the root directory on the flash disk is too full. In this
case, delete some of the existing files in the root directory.
● If the download fails and the root directory is not full, change the brand or type of USB
disk drive and retry.
1
See Table Pick list variables for Historic Log for pick list variables.
Table 5-91 Pick list variables for Historic Log (all units are %)
Abbreviation Description
Mtr Spd Motor speed
Spd Ref Speed reference
Spd Dmd Raw speed demand
Trq I Cmd Torque current command
Trq I Fdbk Torque current feedback
Mag I Cmd Magnetizing current command
Mag I Fdbk Magnetizing current feedback
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5.9 Options for Drive Protect Menu (7)
Abbreviation Description
I Total Out Total motor current
Mtr Volt Motor voltage
Mtr Flux Motor flux
V Avail Line voltage available
V Avail RMS Line voltage RMS
Pwr Out Output power
V Neutral Output neutral volts
I Total In Total input current
Pwr In Input power
Freq In Input frequency
KVAR In Input reactive power pu
Drv Loss Internal drive power losses in pu of input power
Xcess I Rct Excessive input reactive current (above limit) pu
Spd Droop Speed droop pu
Freq Out Output frequency pu
Note
Changing Drive Parameters
Only Siemens trained personnel are authorized to change drive parameters.
Familiarize yourself with the safety notes in Section Safety Notes for Parameter Changes and
preferentially contact Siemens customer service before changing the default configuration.
The Drive Protect Menu (7) consists of the following menu options:
● Input Protect Menu (7000)
● Single Phasing Menu (7010)
These menus are explained in the tables that follow.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.9 Options for Drive Protect Menu (7)
See also
Thermal Over Temperature Rollback (Page 166)
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5.9 Options for Drive Protect Menu (7)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.10 Options for Meter Menu (8)
Note
Changing Drive Parameters
Only Siemens trained personnel are authorized to change drive parameters.
Familiarize yourself with the safety notes in Section Safety Notes for Parameter Changes and
preferentially contact Siemens customer service before changing the default configuration.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.10 Options for Meter Menu (8)
The following menu contains the pick lists to select the variables to be displayed on the front
panel default display.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.10 Options for Meter Menu (8)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.10 Options for Meter Menu (8)
8VHUGHILQHGGLVSOD\9DULDEOH 8VHUGHILQHGGLVSOD\9DULDEOH
8VHUGHILQHGGLVSOD\9DULDEOH
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8VHUGHILQHGGLVSOD\ILHOGV
7RSURZRIGLVSOD\
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VKRZVILHOGQDPHV VKRZVG\QDPLFYDOXHV
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.10 Options for Meter Menu (8)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.11 Options for Communications Menu (9)
NOTICE
IP Address Duplication
Duplicating IP addresses will cause unintended communication issues that will lead to
incorrect drive operation.
To avoid duplication of IP addresses, ensure that the IP addresses of the drive and the PC
are NOT the same before connecting an external PC to the Ethernet connection of the drive.
Note
Changing Drive Parameters
Only Siemens trained personnel are authorized to change drive parameters.
Familiarize yourself with the safety notes in Section Safety Notes for Parameter Changes and
preferentially contact Siemens customer service before changing the default configuration.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 141
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.11 Options for Communications Menu (9)
Use parameter upload functions to transmit data from the drive to a USB connected disk drive.*
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.12 Options for Multiple Configuration Files
Use parameter download functions to move data from a USB connected disk drive to the
drive.*
NOTICE
* NXGpro uses a standard driver and does not allow the installation of drivers, therefore some
USB disk devices may not be compatible with NXGpro.
● When attempting to download information using a USB disk drive, check the keypad
display for a failure message such as, "An error has occurred" or "Error opening output
file".
● This latter message may also occur if the root directory on the flash disk is too full. In this
case, delete some of the existing files in the root directory.
● If the download fails and the root directory is not full, change the brand or type of USB
disk drive and retry.
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Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 143
Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.12 Options for Multiple Configuration Files
Create slave files via the keypad menus. To do so, set the slave parameters as desired and
write them to the CompactFlash card, see Table Slave Setup and Configuration Parameters.
You may set up to 8 SOP flags to point to a configuration file. Use the menus to map each
SOP flag to a corresponding configuration file. Once mapped, use the SOP flags to activate
the SOP for a particular motor.
Multiple config files Use this pick list to switch slave configuration files.
Disable this item by setting it to "OFF". No other multiple configuration
file menus will be displayed.
Enable this item by setting any one of the SOP flags to true. The
corresponding configuration file will become active.
Show active config file Use this function to display the current active configuration file.
Only one configuration file can be active at one time.
If the correct configuration file is not displayed, check the SOP file for
accuracy. Check the ‘Setup SOP configuration flags menu' to be sure
the correct file is mapped to the SOP flag.
Set active config file Use this pick list to set the displayed file to be the active configuration
file.
This function overrides what is set in the SOP. Any change in the
SOP is checked against the file set in this function. Once a change
in the SOP is detected, that file will then be the active file. The keypad
menu setting is now ignored. This ensures no unintentional toggling
of the configuration files.
To switch back to the keypad file set it by this menu. If no change in
the SOP occurs, the keypad set configuration file will remain in mem‐
ory.
Setup SOP config flags Use this submenu for SOP flag configuration.
Create new config file Use this function to save slave parameters to a file name you specify.
Use the drive keypad to enter the file name. To get to the alphanu‐
meric characters, use the left or right arrow keys to position the cursor.
Use the up or down arrow keys to scroll to the desired letter or number.
Set Use this function to map the name of the flag in the SOP file,
SOPConfigFileX_O SOPConfigFileX_O (X = 1 to 8) to a name of a slave configuration
file.
Once the SOP is running, and this flag is set to ‘true’, the configuration
file will be switched into memory. This is a method of switching among
multiple motors using one drive.
Select the file names from a pick list or create new files as described.
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.12 Options for Multiple Configuration Files
Parameter ID Parameter ID
Motor Menu
Motor kW rating 1010 50 Percent Break Point 1156
Motor frequency 1020 100 Percent Break Point 1157
Full load speed 1030 Maximum Load Inertia 1159
Motor voltage 1040 Motor trip volts 1160
Full load current 1050 Overspeed 1170
No load current 1060 Underload enable 1180
Leakage inductance 1070 I underload 1182
Stator resistance 1080 Underload timeout 1186
Inertia 1090 Motor torque limit 1 1190
Overload select 1130 Regen torque limit 1 1200
Overload pending 1139 Motor torque limit 2 1210
Overload 1140 Regen torque limit 2 1220
Overload timeout 1150 Motor torque limit 3 1230
0 Percent Break Point 1152 Regen torque limit 3 1240
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.12 Options for Multiple Configuration Files
Parameter ID Parameter ID
10 Percent Break Point 1153 Phase Imbalance Limit 1244
17 Percent Break Point 1154 Ground Fault Limit 1245
25 Percent Break Point 1155 Ground Fault Time Const 1246
Drive Menu
Control loop type 2050 Skip center freq 3 2370
Ratio control 2070 Skip bandwidth 1 2380
Speed fwd max limit 1 2080 Skip bandwidth 2 2390
Speed fwd min limit 1 2090 Skip bandwidth 3 2400
Speed fwd max limit 2 2100 Freq avoid accel time 2410
Speed fwd min limit 2 2110 Spinning load mode 2430
Speed fwd max limit 3 2120 Scan end threshold 2440
Speed fwd min limit 3 2130 Current Level Setpoint 2450
Speed rev max limit 1 2410 Current ramp 2460
Speed rev min limit 1 2150 Max current 2470
Speed rev max limit 2 2160 Frequency scan rate 2480
Speed rev min limit 2 2170 Cond. stop timer 2500
Speed rev max limit 3 2180 Cond. run timer 2510
Speed rev min limit 3 2190 Permitted min cell count 2541
Accel time 1 2270 Fast bypass 2600
Decel time 1 2280 Phase I gain 2710
Accel time 2 2290 Phase P gain 2720
Decel time 2 2300 Phase offset 2730
Accel time 3 2310 Phase error threshold 2740
Decel time 3 2320 Frequency Offset 2750
Jerk rate 2330 Up Transfer Timeout 2760
Skip center freq 1 2350 Down Transfer Timeout 2770
Skip center freq 2 2360 Cable Resistance 2940
Stability Menu
Flux reg prop gain 3110 Integ gain during brake 3290
Flux reg integral gain 3120 Enable braking 3360
Flux Filter Time Const 3130 Pulsation frequency 3370
Flux demand 3150 Brake power loss 3390
Flux ramp rate 3160 VD Loss Max 3400
Energy saver min flux 3170 Braking constant 3410
Speed reg prop gain 3210 Test Type 3470
Speed reg integral gain 3220 Test positive 3480
Speed reg Kf gain 3230 Test negative 3490
Speed filter time const 3240 Test time 3500
Current reg prop gain 3260 Slip constant 3545
Current reg integ gain 3270 Feed forward constant 3560
Prop gain during brake 3280
Auto Menu
Entry point 4010 Delay on 4080
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.12 Options for Multiple Configuration Files
Parameter ID Parameter ID
Exit point 4020 Prop gain 4360
Entry speed 4030 Integral gain 4370
Exit speed 4040 Diff gain 4380
Auto off 4050 Min clamp 4390
Delay off 4060 Max clamp 4400
Auto on 4070 Setpoint 4410
Log Control Menu
Historic log variable 1 6260 Historic log variable 5 6300
Historic log variable 2 6270 Historic log variable 6 6310
Historic log variable 3 6280 Historic log variable 7 6320
Historic log variable 4 6290
Drive Protect Menu
Auto reset Enable 7120 Auto Reset Attempts 7140
Auto Reset Time 7130 Auto Reset Memory Time 7150
Display Configuration Data Menu
Status variable 1 8001 Status variable 5 8005
Status variable 2 8002 Status variable 6 8006
Status variable 3 8003 Status variable 7 8007
Status variable 4 8004
Meter Menu
Customer order 8101 Harmonics order 8160
Customer drive 8110 Harmonics integral gain 8170
Selection for HA 8150 Fault display override 8200
See also
Multiple Configuration Files (Page 304)
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Parameter Assignment / Addressing
5.12 Options for Multiple Configuration Files
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Operating the Control 6
This chapter covers the NXGpro control related operating functions of the drive. General and
application specific drive features are covered. Where applicable, the functions are described
by listing first the feature and then the associated menu parameters.
For more advanced drive features, refer to Chapter Advanced Operating Functions.
See also
Advanced Operating Functions (Page 193)
Frame of reference
The four quadrant frame of reference is defined as the four quadrants of operation of a motor.
They are divided left to right by the direction of rotation and from top to bottom by the polarity
of the torque in the machine. Energy flow from the drive into the machine is called motoring.
Energy flow out of the machine and into the drive is called regeneration or braking.
Quadrants I and II represent the forward motoring and braking quadrants, respectively.
Quadrants III and IV represent the reverse motoring and braking quadrants, respectively. Top
and bottom of the diagram represent the positive and negative directions of the applied torque
respectively.
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Operating the Control
6.1 Signal Frame of Reference for Motor
+slip
+T
-P Braking Motoring +P
+α +α
-V IV I
+V
−ω +ω
Reverse Forward
III II
−α −α
+P Motoring Braking -P
-T
-slip
Figure 6-1 Four Quadrant Operation of a Motor
The diagram shows the relationship between the polarities of the signals in the ordinances of
the two axes.
This is governed by the following equations:
α = T/J ω = ∫αdt
where:
α = acceleration T = torque
J = inertia (an unsigned magnitude) ω = rotational speed
Starting at rest, if a positive torque is applied to the motor, the acceleration is positive and the
resultant speed increases in the forward direction. Once the motor is rotating in the forward
direction, if the applied torque becomes negative, the quadrant will switch over into quadrant
II, showing that a negative torque produces negative acceleration i.e., deceleration, which will
stop the motor.
If, however, the same torque is applied continuously, the speed of the motor will decrease to
zero and begin to accelerate in the opposite direction producing a negative rotational speed
(ω) in what is now quadrant III. Now if a positive torque is applied, the motor enters quadrant
NXGpro Control
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Operating the Control
6.2 Cell Bypass
IV and begins to decelerate as the rotational speed is negative. Once the speed decreases to
zero, it crosses back over to quadrant I, and assumes a positive value as the motor accelerates
in this direction. The signs of the signals of the applied torque and resultant speed are illustrated
in the figure above.
The injection frequency must always be opposing the direction of rotation and is only used in
the case of braking or negative energy flow. Therefore, it is zero in the motoring quadrants, I
and III, and is the inverse polarity of the electrical frequency in the braking quadrants, II and
IV. See Table Signal Polarities.
Note
Signal polarity for the electrical frequency (ωs)
The electrical polarity is uncertain for the electrical frequency (ωs) in the braking quadrants (II
and IV), where the slip opposes the rotational speed, when the speed magnitude approaches
the slip magnitude. The sign will match that of the slip rather than the sign of the rotor speed,
when the slip magnitude is greater than the rotor speed. This is due to the relationship between
slip and torque.
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Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 151
Operating the Control
6.2 Cell Bypass
Fast bypass does not prevent a drive fault from occurring. It provides a means of isolating the
faulted cell, and quickly resetting the drive back into the run state. A drive fault still occurs, and
is logged by the system.
The drive can meet this ½ second maximum interruption under the following conditions:
Drive trip
When the drive trips and stops delivering torque to the motor, the motor acts like a generator
and produces a voltage on the drive output terminals. This voltage decays over time, but can
be near the drive rated output voltage for a few seconds. If a cell is bypassed the remaining
cells may not be able to support this voltage and damage can occur.
A check in the control serves to prevent this damage. The control verifies if the motor output
voltage can be supported before it bypasses a cell and restarts the drive. If the check passes,
the cell is bypassed and torque is delivered to the drive in under ½ second from the time the
fault occurred. If the motor voltage is too high, cell bypass is delayed to allow the voltage to
decay to a safe level.
Number of cells
To guarantee that the drive will bypass a cell fault in under ½ second the drive needs to be
running at an output voltage that can be supported by one less than the existing number of
cells per phase.
● One option is to size the drive so that it has more than the minimum number of cells required
to provide the voltage needed.
● Another option is to limit the maximum speed.
These issues will have been studied and resolved before the drive is installed.
In a drive with an additional cell per phase, bypass in under ½ second will happen only on the
first cell failure per phase. If a second cell in a phase fails the control needs to wait for the
motor voltage to decay, hence the bypass time may exceed ½ second.
Note
Cell bypass limitations
Cell bypass is limited to allow no more than nine cells at a time to be in bypass. Attempting to
bypass more than nine cells will result in a bypass fault and subsequent drive fault from fast
bypass.
NXGpro Control
152 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Operating the Control
6.2 Cell Bypass
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Once the control detects that a cell has failed, it sends a command to close the appropriate
contactor. Closing the contactor simultaneously disconnects the cell output from the circuit
and connects the two adjacent cells together. These steps effectively take the failed cell out
of the circuit. The drive can then be restarted and operation can continue at reduced capacity.
These contactors are not rated to interrupt current. Therefore the drive remains in the idle state
after a trip, until the contactor is closed.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 153
Operating the Control
6.2 Cell Bypass
Note
Cell bypass limitations
Cell bypass is limited to allow no more than nine cells at a time to be in bypass. Attempting to
bypass more than 9 cells will result in a bypass fault.
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NXGpro Control
154 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Operating the Control
6.2 Cell Bypass
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Drive output rebalanced by bypassing functional cells (not using neutral shift)
One solution is to bypass an equal number of cells in all three phases, even though some may
not have failed. This method prevents imbalance but sacrifices voltage capability. The example
below shows a 15 cell drive after bypass of two cells in all phases to restore balance. 87% of
the cells are functional but only 60% are in use, and only 60% of full voltage is available.
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NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 155
Operating the Control
6.2 Cell Bypass
Neutral shift:
● shifts the star-point of cells away from the motor neutral
● adjusts the phase angles of the cell voltages
● helps to obtain a balanced set of motor voltages even though the cell group voltages are
not balanced.
This approach is equivalent to introducing a zero-sequence component into the voltage
command vectors for the cells.
The example shows a 15 cell drive after bypass of two cells in phase A only. Neutral shift
adjusts the phase angles of the cell voltages so that phase A is displaced from phase B and
from phase C by 132.5°, instead of the normal 120°. 87% of the functional cells are in use,
and 80% of full voltage is available.
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NXGpro Control
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Operating the Control
6.2 Cell Bypass
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NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 157
Operating the Control
6.2 Cell Bypass
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The voltage capability of a drive after cell bypass can be calculated using the following
calculation:
If X is the largest number of cells in bypass in two of the phases, then the maximum voltage
at the drive output will be:
where: Vout is maximum output voltage that the drive can deliver (Vout = 1.78*N*Vcell)
N is the number of ranks (i.e. number of installed cells = 3*N)
Vcell is the cell voltage rating
Example
For a drive with 18 cells, each rated for 690 V the maximum output voltage that this drive can
deliver is 7.37 kV:
NXGpro Control
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Operating the Control
6.3 Energy Saver
If after cell bypass, the drive has six cells operational in phase A, five cells in phase B, and
four cells in phase C, then the maximum voltage that the drive can produce with neutral shift
from the above formula is 5.53 kV:
See also
Energy Saver (Page 159)
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Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 159
Operating the Control
6.5 Motor Thermal Overload Protection
flux, is achieved. This function ensures that the cells are delivering real power under all
operating conditions.
Note
Impact of load changes on drive response
The response of the drive to sudden load changes is reduced with lower flux demand.
See also
Options for Stability Menu (3) (Page 110)
See also
Options for Meter Menu (8) (Page 136)
NXGpro Control
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Operating the Control
6.5 Motor Thermal Overload Protection
The software model has no data about the ambient temperature at the location of the motor.
For critical applications, you must use a direct measurement method such as Resistance
Temperature Detectors (RTD) inside the motor.
Constant Mode
The first option, "constant", is based on the current flowing into the motor. A Motor Thermal
Overload Alarm 1 of an impending overload fault is issued as a warning, when the motor current
exceeds the overload pending parameter. A Motor Thermal Overload Alarm 2 is issued and a
thermal trip timer is started, when the drive current exceeds the overload setting. If this
condition is present for a period greater than the time set in the Overload timeout parameter,
the drive will trip and annunciate the event as Motor Thermal Overload Fault.
Note
Displaying motor thermal overload alarms
Alarms 1 and 2 must be enabled through the SOP for the drive to display these conditions.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 161
Operating the Control
6.5 Motor Thermal Overload Protection
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The motor thermal model estimates the heat generated in the motor from the following values:
● stator voltages
● stator currents
● motor parameters.
The motor thermal model makes an estimate of the heat transferred from the motor, due to
motor cooling, from the allowable motor current.
The motor loss calculation also includes the losses generated with dual-frequency braking
(DFB). The thermal mass of the motor, or its heat capacity, shown as MTH, is determined from
the maximum motor inertia listed in Appendix NEMA Table. You may enter a known value of
maximum motor inertia. Obtain this value from the manufacturer.
Note
Importance of speed derating
The motor has no external blower, and is cooled only by the rotor mounted internal fan, which
decreases in efficiency with speed. This could lead to overheating of the motor and lack of
protection.
Enter the allowable motor load curve values for various speed breakpoints via the keypad. The
default derating curve provides breakpoints for a quadratic cooling curve.
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Operating the Control
6.5 Motor Thermal Overload Protection
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Figure 6-11 Default speed derating curve showing maximum motor load as function of speed
The motor manufacturer normally provides data for the curve. The control software uses the
allowable current level to determine the cooling capability of the motor.
If you prefer to enter a fixed value of an allowable current level other than 100%, as with the
"straight inverse time" option, you can modify the speed derating curve to have the same
desired level for all breakpoints.
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Figure 6-12 Drive current (in percent of motor rated current) vs. time taken for motor temperature
The plot in the above figure shows results from an experimental evaluation of the software
thermal model with the "straight inverse time" option (100% "overload" setting) for various
levels of drive current. A 4 kV, 300 Hp motor was used for this test. The experimental data
shows the time taken for the estimated motor temperature to go from rated temperature to
120% of rated. This curve is quite conservative as compared to a Class 10 TOL that trips at
280 sec with 150% current and at 630 sec with 125% current.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 163
Operating the Control
6.5 Motor Thermal Overload Protection
Note
When switching between TOL modes, ensure that the internal timebase (integrator) is set to
the appropriate value, otherwise it will reset to the default of the mode selected.
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Operating the Control
6.5 Motor Thermal Overload Protection
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For other current levels and time to trip, these can be taken from the table below, with an Iovld
set to 1 PU (these are approximate values):
I Overload = 100%
I timeout = various settings
The actual amount of time until the VFD trips can be taken directly from the figure.
Examples
● Example 1: Unit is running at 110% rating
I timeout = 1 second
Actual time to trip = 1 x 7.2 = 7.2 seconds
● Example 2: unit is running at 110% rating
I timeout = 50 second
Actual time to trip = 50 x 7.2 = 360 seconds
● Example 3: unit is running at 150% rating
I timeout = 60 second
Actual time to trip = 60 x 1 = 60 seconds
● Example 4: unit is running at 120% rating
I timeout = 60 second
Actual time to trip = 60 x 3.1 = 186 seconds
If a 150% overload is required for 1 minute and it is a variable torque load, Example 3 is the
recommended setup.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 165
Operating the Control
6.6 Thermal Over Temperature Rollback
To use the table for other settings, the following equation can be applied:
See also
Options for Motor Menu (1) (Page 76)
NXGpro Control
166 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Operating the Control
6.7 Input Side Monitoring and Protection
The torque limit continues to ramp down as long as two or more OT alarms are active, and
until the lower programmable limit is reached. Once the alarm conditions have reset, the torque
limit will ramp back up to the menu based torque limit at the same rate as set by the parameter,
or until the alarms become active again. If the lower limit is low enough to prevent a thermal
trip, the drive will remain on indefinitely.
Since the algorithm rolls back the torque current level, and subsequently the speed of the
motor, it is only appropriately used for loads that have a direct torque/speed relationship where
shedding speed will reduce the torque requirement. The process must also be tolerant of the
reduced speed and torque to make use of this feature.
The following parameters affect the performance of the algorithm:
● Min Rollback Level (7171): This parameter establishes the lower boundary of the rollback
algorithm. It is used to bound the lower limit to which the torque limit can be reduced. If set
to 100 %, the algorithm is disabled.
● Rollback Ramp Rate (7172): This parameter sets the slope or rate of the ramp. It establishes
the slope of the ramp as how long it would take the value to go from 1 PU to zero. It is used
for both the ramp down (toward the minimum level), and for the recovery ramp (toward the
menu motor torque limit).
When working properly, the torque limit will have a sawtooth, cyclic waveform with the
frequency determined by the slope and the up and down travel between the upper and lower
limits, based on seeking a new thermal equilibrium. This is shown in the following figure.
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Operating the Control
6.7 Input Side Monitoring and Protection
used in the following figure and describes the parameters they represent. The definitions of Id
and Iq components of the input current are different from the output side quantities.
Input side monitoring allows the drive to protect the secondary side of the transformer from
abnormal conditions. Excessive drive losses and one cycle protection faults are generated
under such conditions. Input side control also provides torque current limiting for line under-
voltage, single-phasing, and transformer overload conditions.
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Numbers within square brackets show the parameter ID for the corresponding function.
Name Description
Erms Average rms voltage (of all three phases)
Ed Amplitude of voltage taking the transformer tap setting into account. This represents the actual voltage
being provided to the cells. If the tap setting is +5%, Ed will be 5% smaller than Erms, and vice versa.
Ea,b,c Zero sequence (DC offset) corrected input phase voltages
ωu Input frequency
θu Angle of input-side flux
Irms Average rms current (of all three phases)
Id Real component of input current
NXGpro Control
168 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Operating the Control
6.7 Input Side Monitoring and Protection
Name Description
Iq Reactive component of input current
Ia,b,c Single-phase components of input current
Implementation
The following figure shows the implementation of one cycle protection.
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Transformer Model
The transformer model in Figure Implementation of One Cycle Protection provides the
maximum value of the input reactive current for a given value of transformer constant, Ktr, as
given below:
IReactive,Max = 1.10 * (IqMax + Ktr * IReal2)
The following figure shows a plot of the Maximum Reactive Current versus Real Current with
a transformer constant of 0.5.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 169
Operating the Control
6.7 Input Side Monitoring and Protection
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Integral Timer
The integral timer gain can be calculated based on the desired response time (Ttrip) as shown
below:
Igain = Ttrip / (Error * Slow_loop_sample_rate)
Where:
● Error is the maximum error (in per unit) that can be tolerated between IReactive,Max and actual
reactive current Ireactive
● Slow_loop_sample_rate is the sample frequency of the slow loop, typically 450 to 900 Hz.
Note
Sampling Rate
If the sampling rate is below 4500, the slow loop is 1/5 of the sampling frequency (Fsamp).
If the sampling rate is at 4500 or above, the slow loop is 1/10 of Fsamp.
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170 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Operating the Control
6.7 Input Side Monitoring and Protection
Table 6-3 Transformer Protection Constant for various Full Load Power Factors
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Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 171
Operating the Control
6.7 Input Side Monitoring and Protection
Implementation
The following figure shows the implementation of the drive loss fault circuit.
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NXGpro Control
172 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Operating the Control
6.7 Input Side Monitoring and Protection
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Internal Threshold
The internal threshold is a function of the rated drive input power. For example, in the run state,
the internal threshold is given as:
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 173
Operating the Control
6.8 Drive Output Torque Limiting
CAUTION
Internal Threshold Settings
The default values of these parameters will not normally be changed.
Consult Siemens customer service before changing any of these parameters.
Unauthorized changes could result in the system not being adequately protected.
See also
Options for Drive Protect Menu (7) (Page 133)
NXGpro Control
174 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Operating the Control
6.8 Drive Output Torque Limiting
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See also
Options for Drive Protect Menu (7) (Page 133)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 175
Operating the Control
6.8 Drive Output Torque Limiting
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See also
Options for Drive Protect Menu (7) (Page 133)
NXGpro Control
176 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Operating the Control
6.8 Drive Output Torque Limiting
See also
Options for Drive Protect Menu (7) (Page 133)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 177
Operating the Control
6.8 Drive Output Torque Limiting
See also
Options for Motor Menu (1) (Page 76)
Note
Power cell overload capability
The power cells used in the drives do not have a fixed overload capability.
Consult Siemens customer service to determine the level of overload capability for a specific
power cell.
See also
Options for Drive Protect Menu (7) (Page 133)
NXGpro Control
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Operating the Control
6.9 Command Generator
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NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 179
Operating the Control
6.9 Command Generator
Stopping modes
There are three stopping modes in the control. SOP logic is required to select the modes:
● Ramp Stop for controlled speed deceleration: Ramp Stop selected AND Run Request false
● Quick Stop for rapid torque-limited deceleration: Quick Stop selected AND Ramp Stop not
selected AND Run Request false
● Coast Stop for removing power to the motor quickly, the load and motor will coast to rest
based on friction and inertia: Quick Stop not selected AND Ramp Stop not selected AND
Run Request false
Ratio Control
The ratio control is simply a fractional scaling unit available for the analog reference signals.
This feature allows multiple drives to share the same reference signal with rescaled output
signal levels.
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Operating the Control
6.9 Command Generator
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See also
Options for Auto Menu (4) (Page 117)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 181
Operating the Control
6.9 Command Generator
See also
Options for Auto Menu (4) (Page 117)
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182 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Operating the Control
6.9 Command Generator
The critical frequency feature, also known as resonance avoidance, is accomplished using
skip frequencies and skip bands, as illustrated in the following figure.
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See also
Options for Drive Menu (2) (Page 85)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 183
Operating the Control
6.10 Process Tolerant Protection Strategy
Process Availability
Process availability is the primary prerequisite for applying a medium voltage VFD system in
a process critical application. It is essential that the process operator receive complete and
accurate information on drive status, to allow for process adjustments that can preclude
process trips and disruptions in process capability.
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Operating the Control
6.10 Process Tolerant Protection Strategy
ProToPS™ Function
In the ProToPS™ SOP all of the automatic roll-back flags are turned off, and cell bypass is
implemented as standard. The need to roll-back is still necessary, but the process operator is
now responsible to implement a roll-back as part of a process correction, as opposed to having
the VFD roll-back either dictating, or in worse case upsetting, the process.
ProToPS™ takes the standard fault indications available in the VFD and categorizes them into
four categories as follows:
1. Alarm
An alarm indicates that a VFD parameter limit has been reached, or that a VFD system
condition is present. An alarm draws the operator's awareness to the condition, but
demands no immediate action.
2. Process alarm
A process alarm indicates that a VFD parameter limit has been exceeded and that the
process either should be limited, or that the VFD capacity to meet the process demand is
limited. Examples of process alarms include thermal limits above the rated limit and the
condition of a cell having been bypassed.
3. Trip alarm
A trip alarm clearly indicates that a VFD high parameter limit has been reached and that a
VFD trip is pending. The operator receives a message that unless the alarm can be cleared
by a process change the VFD will trip.
4. Trip
Certain VFD faults cannot be provided with advance warning. This limited number of faults
will result in a VFD trip. A trip message is also annunciated when a trip alarm time limit has
been exceeded. The number of mandated trips is considerably reduced with the
implementation of cell bypass.
With ProToPS™ the VFD Run signal is maintained as "true" and the VFD Trip signal is
maintained as "false" for all alarm states.
ProToPS™ Implementation
ProToPS™ provides the four main protection indication categories as separate digital output
signals. The concept is to provide the operator, or the process program, with a clear message
indicating a status change in the VFD. The WAGO and internal I/O systems provide these
digital outputs. The location of the outputs is maintained as a standard set of TB2 terminations.
ProToPS™ indicates the specific information on the VFD parameter change, along with the
general category information, as a serial address across a serial communications interface.
ProToPS™ supports any serial communications protocol supported by the VFD product.
If other specific digital output information is required for a specific customer project, that
information must be mapped to a new digital output point on an additional digital output module.
The four basic category outputs must be present as digital outputs, at the standard designated
TB2 terminal point locations, to validate the ProToPS™ implementation.
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Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 185
Operating the Control
6.11 Drive Tuning
6.11.1 Auto-tuning
When operating an induction motor, the drive control is capable of performing auto-tuning.
This feature allows the drive to estimate parameters of the motor equivalent circuit. Apart from
measuring the motor equivalent circuit parameters during auto tuning, the control uses the
measured motor parameters to adjust the control loops for the best possible control bandwidth
(the bandwidth for each control loop is fixed internally in software), and hence provides good
performance in demanding applications. Such a feature provides drive tuning without the need
for an extensive adjustment procedure. Although the auto-tuning feature can be used with all
induction motors, there are some limitations. Both stages of auto-tuning can be performed with
induction motors (OLVC or CLVC).
CAUTION
Improper use of Stage 1 and Stage 2 auto-tuning
Improper use can lead to drive instability.
Do not use auto-tuning for standard applications. Only use auto-tuning if the application calls
for special tuning.
Never use auto-tuning as a substitute for entering known values manually.
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Operating the Control
6.11 Drive Tuning
The basic motor parameters can be divided into the following categories:
● Nameplate data is readily available. Examples include motor rated voltage and full load
current.
● Equivalent circuit data is available only from the motor manufacturer.
– If this data is available, it can be entered into the NXGpro menu system.
– If this data is not available, either default settings or auto-tuning functions can be used.
Examples include stator resistance and no-load current. The correct equivalent circuit
data is required only when good control performance, such as high starting torque or
very low speed operation, is desired.
Auto-tuning Implementation
There are two stages of auto-tuning, each stage being selected individually.
DANGER
Electric Shock Hazard
Lethal voltages are present on the drive outputs during both Stage 1 and Stage 2 of auto-
tuning.
Stay clear of drive outputs during auto-tuning to avoid death or serious injury.
CAUTION
Incorrect use of Stage 2 auto-tuning
Incorrect use will lead to drive instability.
Never use Stage 2 auto-tuning with synchronous motors or when output filters are connected.
Only use Stage 1 auto-tuning with synchronous motors (SMC or CSMC) or when output filters
are connected.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 187
Operating the Control
6.11 Drive Tuning
DANGER
Spinning of the Motor
The motor spins during Stage 2 of auto-tuning.
Stay clear of moving parts to avoid death or serious injury.
Ensure that it is acceptable to spin the motor before this test is enabled.
Generally, Stage 2 of auto-tuning requires the motor to be de-coupled from the load. Quadratic
loads, such as pumps and fans, do not require the motor to be de-coupled for Stage 2 auto-
tuning. The control is designed to minimize the errors introduced by such loads.
Data obtained in Stage 2 is used to optimize the operation of the outer loops that control motor
speed and motor flux. The speed and flux loop gains are automatically calculated and saved
by the control.
NXGpro Control
188 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Operating the Control
6.12 Data Loggers
See also
Options for Drive Menu (2) (Page 85)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 189
Operating the Control
6.12 Data Loggers
See also
Options for Log Control Menu (6) (Page 131)
See also
Options for Log Control Menu (6) (Page 131)
NXGpro Control
190 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Operating the Control
6.13 Faults and Alarms
See also
Options for Log Control Menu (6) (Page 131)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 191
Operating the Control
6.13 Faults and Alarms
NXGpro Control
192 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions 7
This chapter covers the NXGpro control related advanced operating functions of the drive.
Where applicable, the advanced functions are described by listing first the feature and then
the associated menu parameters.
7.2 Overmodulation
Overmodulation
To achieve increased voltage with the same number of cells, cells can be overmodulated. This
is done automatically in air-cooled 6SR4_0 drives and water-cooled 6SR325 drives. For other
drive types, set the OverModulationEnable_O SOP flag true for overmodulation of cells.
To disable overmodulation, set the OverModulationDisable_O SOP flag true.
Overmodulation may be used in place of standard modulation with the advantage that less
cells are required. A disadvantage of overmodulation is that it can increase output harmonics.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 193
Advanced Operating Functions
7.3 Slip Compensation
Calculation of Slip
At rated torque, slip is defined as a percentage of the difference between synchronous and
full-load speed (NFL) divided by the synchronous speed:
2. Slip (%) = 100 * (NS – NFL) / NS
NXGpro Control
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Advanced Operating Functions
7.4 Speed Droop
Summary
With slip compensation:
● Output shaft speed will equal the percentage of synchronous speed requested
● The frequency will vary depending on load but the speed will be fixed
● Monitor motor speed in rpm
Without slip compensation, set the Full load speed parameter (1030) to the synchronous speed:
● The output frequency will equal the speed demand percentage of rated frequency
● The mechanical speed, i.e. shaft speed, will vary with load but the frequency will be fixed
● Monitor motor frequency in Hz
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 195
Advanced Operating Functions
7.6 Flux Feed-Forward
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This function is linear and the amount of droop is directly proportional to the load (torque)
current. The droop is applied across the entire speed range.
See also
Options for Stability Menu (3) (Page 110)
NXGpro Control
196 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.6 Flux Feed-Forward
The functionality of flux feed-forward is essentially the same for both induction motors (IM) and
synchronous motors (SM). The difference between the motor types is as follows:
● IM: compensate for leakage inductance losses only using parameter Leakage inductance
(1070) to affect the amount of compensation.
● SM: compensate for the leakage inductance and a part of the mutual inductance, using
parameter Saliency constant (1091). This parameter applies only to SM control, and is used
instead of the leakage inductance parameter. Zeroing the saliency constant still provides
the no load feed-forward term, which essentially provides the no load flux reference. The
saliency constant provides additional compensation for the inductance losses due to
fluctuations of torque current for which the flux regulator may be too slow to correct. Setting
it too high can cause the motor flux to be too high resulting in motor over-voltage or
saturation.
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Default Value for Saliency Constant Parameter (1091)
Use the default value of 0.2.
Only special cases may require changing the default value.
Consult Siemens customer service before changing from the default value.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 197
Advanced Operating Functions
7.8 Dual-Frequency Braking
See also
Options for Motor Menu (1) (Page 76)
DC Injection Braking
One method of doing this that avoids additional power devices, is to use the existing circuits
to inject DC current into the motor windings. DC injection braking dissipates the braking energy
in the motor.
● DC injection braking is not effective unless the available current is several times rated,
especially for large motors.
● The estimation of motor speed is difficult during DC injection braking.
NXGpro Control
198 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.8 Dual-Frequency Braking
Limitations of DFB
● When DFB is enabled, the motor flux is reduced above 50% speed to prevent overvoltage
trips.
● The drive must be maintained in the run state to produce the counter-rotating field for loss
production.
● DFB is not operable in V/Hz control mode.
DFB Operation
Enable DFB with parameter Enable braking (3360) or via SOP flag BrakingEnable_O.
DFB induces extra losses in the motor by applying a second set of three-phase voltage vectors
to the motor, in addition to the normal set of voltage vectors used for speed control. The motor
uses the extra losses to absorb the kinetic energy released during braking.
With DFB, motor protection is required and is applied as follows:
1. Torque pulsations:
– DFB can subject the motor to as much as 1 per unit torque pulsation at the pulsation
frequency. Select the torque pulsation frequency via the menu entry for pulsation
frequency to avoid any mechanical resonance frequencies.
2. Motor heating:
– The losses generated during DFB cause motor heating and limit the number of
deceleration ramps from full speed to zero, that can be performed repetitively. Motor
heating due to the additional losses is designed to be no worse than a line start.
The software motor thermal model in the control monitors motor heating and provides
an alarm and/or a trip to indicate excessive heating. Refer to Section Motor Thermal
Overload Protection for information on the thermal model. The number of repetitive
deceleration ramps, from full speed to zero, is limited to two per hour. This limitation is
based on MG-1, Part 20, which assumes that the motor has cooled down to its rated
temperature before the second ramp down. It applies when the load inertia and load
torque are those for which the motor is designed. You can use DFB more frequently
with lower values of load inertia and/or smaller speed reductions.
Pulsation Frequency
The second set of voltage vectors creates a counter-rotating flux vector that produces high
slip in the machine and generates these additional losses in the motor. You can adjust the
pulsation frequency via a menu setting as to avoid critical frequencies i.e., mechanical
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 199
Advanced Operating Functions
7.8 Dual-Frequency Braking
resonances. The injection frequency is always in opposite rotation to the electrical frequency
applied to the motor i.e., speed and direction of the machine.
Note
Programming the pulsation frequency
Select parameter Pulsation frequency (3370) to program the pulsation frequency via the
control. This parameter provides a reference to produce the desired additional braking for the
system. Adjust this parameter setting to avoid resonance in the system.
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Note
Zero sequence voltage
Zero sequence voltage is the DC offset voltage.
The following is a scope picture of the two voltage vectors added together. The higher
frequency voltage waveform VA2 is riding on the lower frequency waveform VA1.
NXGpro Control
200 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.8 Dual-Frequency Braking
The first vector set controls the torque and flux in the motor, and is nearly synchronous. The
second vector set induces losses in the motor to absorb the braking power returned by the
first vector set.
The amplitudes of the two vector sets are coordinated to best utilize the current and voltage
limitations of the converter. If the frequency of the loss-inducing vector set is chosen with the
goal of maximizing losses per ampere, this automatically minimizes the torque pulsations by
minimizing the loss-inducing current.
The dominant losses in a motor are conduction losses, proportional to I2R. Maximum losses
per ampere require a large value of R. The nominal resistance of the motor windings is fixed
by the design. The effective resistance depends on the frequency. The rotor windings are
deliberately designed to exhibit a strong "deep-bar" effect, so that their resistance that lies
above a low threshold increases roughly proportional to frequency.
The frequency of the loss-inducing vector set should be as high as possible for maximum
effective resistance. Since this high loss-inducing frequency produces negative slip, it will have
negative sequence. The maximum applied frequency is limited by the control bandwidth of the
converter, and also by the available voltage. However, because the loss-inducing vector set
is negative sequence, the rotor frequency will be higher than the stator frequency due to the
rotational speed.
See also
Motor Thermal Overload Protection (Page 160)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 201
Advanced Operating Functions
7.8 Dual-Frequency Braking
See also
Options for Stability Menu (3) (Page 110)
Limitations of DFB
The drive output current plus the braking current must not exceed the current capability of the
cells in the drive. Hence the braking torque is limited in the drive, it is greatest at slow speed
and smallest at high speed. The typical braking torque that can be expected with DFB is
illustrated below.
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With high efficiency and inverter duty motors, the braking torque that can be achieved with
DFB is lower than the values shown in the figure above.
NXGpro Control
202 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.9 Regenerative Braking (six-step)
Contact Siemens customer service with the motor-related data listed below to determine the
braking torque capability with a higher efficiency motor. Information on critical frequencies will
allow a selection for the torque pulsation frequency.
OV Rollback Function
The "OV rollback" function limits the rise in the drive input voltage produced by regenerative
current to prevent a cell DC bus overvoltage fault. The output torque (power) reduces to a point
that will not cause an overvoltage. After this point is reached, the torque limitation caused by
the rollback is defeated, and full braking torque is available.
NOTICE
Limited drive capabilities
A delay can occur when transitioning from motoring to regenerative braking.
Do not use regenerative braking as a replacement for full 4-quadrant operation.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 203
Advanced Operating Functions
7.9 Regenerative Braking (six-step)
See also
Options for Drive Menu (2) (Page 85)
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The conditions for enabling this rollback are as follows by priority. The first two run the
algorithm, and the third is calculated by the limiting overvoltage algorithm:
● Drive input power negative (drive in regeneration only)
● Drive is running in six-step
● Drive input voltage is at or above 1.08 pu input voltage
● Pre-charge is complete.
When this limit routine is active and its output is being used to limit regenerative torque, the
display will show the limit used as "OVLT" in the mode field of the keypad and Drive Tool, and
"REGEN OV" on the debug screen.
NXGpro Control
204 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.10 Dynamic Braking with External Resistors
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 205
Advanced Operating Functions
7.11 Voltage Attenuator Resistors
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NOTICE
Drive Stability
Selecting attenuator resistors incorrectly can cause unintended results that affect drive
stability and drive protections.
The input attenuator resistors must be selected to match the input transformer nameplate
rating. The output attenuator resistors must be selected to match the motor nameplate rating.
WARNING
Electric Shock Hazard
Protection of the transorbs in the attenuator circuit is violated by placing a third resistor inside
the control cabinet in series with the medium voltage resistors.
If the protection of the transorbs in the attenuator circuit is violated, dangerous voltages are
introduced into the control cabinet, which could cause death or serious injury.
Never place a third resistor inside the control cabinet in series with the medium voltage
resistors to achieve the calculated values.
NXGpro Control
206 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.15 Output Filters
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 207
Advanced Operating Functions
7.16 Synchronous Transfer
Note
Additional hardware requirements
Synchronous transfer requires hardware in addition to the drive: output reactor and switchgear.
Siemens recommends using a PLC for multi-motor applications.
● Up transfer is the process of transferring a VFD-controlled motor to the line, and then
decoupling the motor from the drive.
● Down transfer is the process of transferring a line-energized motor to VFD control, and then
decoupling the motor from the line.
To achieve successful up and down transfers, the output voltage of the VFD must match or
exceed the amplitude of the line. If the line is unstable with frequency and/or voltage variations,
the VFD may not be able to synchronize, and therefore transfer is inhibited.
Note
Applications that use a synchronous motor
In transfer applications where a synchronous motor is used, the VFD must have control of the
field supply with smooth transition of the field control to an external source via a PLC.
NXGpro Control
208 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.16 Synchronous Transfer
Note
Control modes
Synchronous up and down transfer is not available in control modes V/Hz or OLTM.
WARNING
Fire Hazard
Improper phase sequence may result in a synchronous transfer related VFD fault, which could
lead to shorted phase to phase connections on the MV source and become a fire hazard.
This may result in death, serious injury or damage to equipment.
Ensure that input and output phases are properly wired to match the sequence.
CAUTION
Potential damage to VFD Power Cells
The VFD output contactor and motor line contactors must never be simultaneously closed if
the digital output signal "VFD Transfer Permissive" is low, or when the VFD input is not
energized.
Failure to ensure that this condition does not occur could result in severe damage to the VFD
power cells.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 209
Advanced Operating Functions
7.16 Synchronous Transfer
NXGpro Control
210 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.16 Synchronous Transfer
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 211
Advanced Operating Functions
7.16 Synchronous Transfer
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Figure Multiple Motor Synchronous Transfer shows the VFD configuration for synchronous
transfer of a two motor implementation. A PLC must be used for multiple motor synchronous
transfer applications. The PLC and its logic can be supplied by Siemens to coordinate the
transfer sequence and also control the switchgear. In addition, motor protection relays are
recommended since the VFD cannot protect a motor operating from the line.
It is not required that all motors connected to a drive configured for synchronous transfer have
matching ratings. If mismatched motors are implemented, the drive must be sized for the worst
case load. "Smaller" motor loads can be mechanized via parameter read/write functionality or
the NXGpro control multiple configuration file capability, as described in Chapter Operating
the Software. As a rule, the smallest motor rating should be greater than 50% of the ratings of
the largest motor to ensure feedback signal integrity. When mismatched motors are used, the
proper configuration file must be active for the subject motor.
PLC Interface
VFD control is accomplished over a RS485 serial or Ethernet communications network using
a supported communications protocol.
NXGpro Control
212 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.16 Synchronous Transfer
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Note
Supported communications protocol
This section uses Modicon’s Modbus serial interface as one example of a supported
communications protocol.
Any supported communications network can be used.
The interface can also be achieved with no PLC, or by direct logic control.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 213
Advanced Operating Functions
7.16 Synchronous Transfer
controller. The external controller is a separate PLC for most applications and if the analog
control signal is a 4 to 20ma current loop.
NOTICE
Potential Circuitry Damage
4 to 20ma current loops cannot be switched without potentially damaging circuitry.
An intervening PLC can digitize the signals and retransmit the signal, facilitating the switching
function.
The PLC allows for monitoring and matching between an external field reference source and
the drive field reference source during transfer.
NXGpro Control
214 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.16 Synchronous Transfer
See also
Options for Auto Menu (4) (Page 117)
NOTICE
Potential Damage to Motor
Line operation for a PMM is not recommended as there is no protection for the motor for pole
slippage.
Use of synchronous transfer with a PMM could result in damage to the motor.
Note
For synchronous transfer of a PMM, the Auto and Auto Phase Advance modes must be
disabled. The Manual modes may be used with caution, but may also prevent proper operation.
Up Transfer of a PMM
With PMMs, up transfers are accomplished by taking the SM up to speed on the drive to match
the frequency and then the phase of the line. This is the same way that up transfer is
accomplished for an IM, by using the drive input line frequency as a velocity reference.
However, with a PMM connected to the line, there is nothing to protect it from pole slip, which
can damage the motor. The drive has a pole slip detection, which will protect the drive. Also,
the drive has limited power as compared to a low impedance line source, so fault currents
could be higher.
This external protection must be supplied by the customer and is not within the scope of the
design.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 215
Advanced Operating Functions
7.17 Pre-charge
See also
Options for Drive Menu (2) (Page 85)
7.17 Pre-charge
The following sections describe the pre-charge types used in the water-cooled drive cells.
Drive types that do not require pre-charge, can use pre-charge where a soft line or power
source requires limiting in-rush.
Description of Pre-charge
Pre-charge types were developed to control the inrush current and the voltage overshoot seen
by the drives and, in particular, by the cell capacitors. Reduced capacitance in the cells has
exacerbated the overshoot problem due to increased ringing, and so the cell charge voltage
must be more closely controlled.
NOTICE
Disconnecting medium voltage (MV) after control power shut off
Shutting off the control power without disconnecting MV may cause severe damage to the
drive, since all the transformer and cell protection is accomplished by the control.
If the control power is shut off, disconnect the MV and re-start the pre-charge sequence to
ensure the protection of the drive.
NXGpro Control
216 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.18 Pre-charge using SOP
Pre-charge Types
There are six types of pre-charge. Each pre-charge type has special requirements and is
discussed independently.
● Pre-charge types 1 to 3 are SOP based. They require the designated pre-charge SOP flags
in order to control the I/O for the pre-charge and main contactors unless otherwise noted.
For pre-charge types 1 to 3, the complete pre-charge cycle is 30 seconds maximum:
– This time takes into account the maximum low level fault that can be sustained before
serious damage is done to the drive should an input fault occur.
– Going beyond this time results in the removal of the Pre-charge Start Enable signal and
the cycle aborts with a pre-charge fault.
Types 1 to 3 are discussed in the following sections.
● Pre-charge type 4 is obsolete.
● Pre-charge types 5 and 6 are not SOP based, and instead control the I/O directly. These
are discussed in Section Pre-charge using Dedicated I/O of this chapter.
Pre-charge status information is recorded in the event log. If pre-charge fails, check the event
log for information.
Note
Pre-charge overvoltage protection
For pre-charge overvoltage protection, the fundamental frequency component is used instead
of the RMS input voltage. This new variable is IP Voltage Fundamental Magnitude.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 217
Advanced Operating Functions
7.18 Pre-charge using SOP
NXGpro Control
218 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.18 Pre-charge using SOP
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 219
Advanced Operating Functions
7.18 Pre-charge using SOP
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1. To start pre-charge, DriveReadyToPrecharge_I must be true.
PrechargeStartEnable_O is set true to start the sequence.
2. M2 is closed to begin resonance by connecting a capacitor in series with the secondary,
PrechargeM2Close_I is set equal to true.
3. When the input primary voltage reaches 95% of rated voltage, a damping resistor is
connected through M3. PrechargeM3Close_I is set equal to true.
4. The M3 acknowledge comes back, PrechargeM3CloseAck_O is set equal to true. M2
contactor is commanded to open, PrechargeM2Close_I is set equal to false.
5. The M2 acknowledge comes back, PrechargeM2CloseAck_O is set equal to true. M1
contactor is commanded to close, PrechargeM1Close_I is set equal to true.
NXGpro Control
220 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.18 Pre-charge using SOP
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 221
Advanced Operating Functions
7.18 Pre-charge using SOP
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1. To start pre-charge, DriveReadyToPrecharge_I must be true.
PrechargeStartEnable_O is set true to start the sequence.
2. M2 is closed to begin resonance by connecting a capacitor in series with the secondary.
PrechargeM2Close_I is set equal to true.
3. When the input primary voltage reaches 95% of rated voltage, M2 contactor is commanded
to open. PrechargeM2Close_I is set equal to false.
4. The M2 acknowledge comes back, PrechargeM2CloseAck_O is set equal to true. M1
contactor is commanded to close, PrechargeM1Close_I is set equal to true.
NXGpro Control
222 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.18 Pre-charge using SOP
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 223
Advanced Operating Functions
7.18 Pre-charge using SOP
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Sequence of Operation
1. To start pre-charge, DriveReadyToPrecharge_I must be true.
PrechargeStartEnable_O is set true to start the sequence.
2. M2 is closed to connect a resistor in series with the secondary to limit in-rush to the cells,
PrechargeM2Close_I is set equal to true.
3. When the input primary voltage reaches 90% of rated voltage, M2 is commanded to open.
PrechargeM2Close_I is set equal to false.
4. The M2 acknowledge comes back, PrechargeM2CloseAck_O is set equal to true. M1
contactor is commanded to close, PrechargeM1Close_I is set equal to true.
NXGpro Control
224 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.19 Pre-charge using Dedicated I/O
Note
Water-cooled 6SR325 750 V AP type cells must use type 5 open or type 6 closed pre-charge.
Other drive types may use type 5 open or type 6 closed pre-charge if hardware is in place.
Note
Air-cooled drives used for floating platforms may use type 6 (closed) pre-charge only. Pre-
charge for these cell types is for limiting transformer in-rush only, and this is achieved through
type 6 (closed) pre-charge.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 225
Advanced Operating Functions
7.19 Pre-charge using Dedicated I/O
NXGpro Control
226 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.19 Pre-charge using Dedicated I/O
Note
Pre-charge fault correction
On any pre-charge fault, you must examine the event log for the cause, and correct the problem
before proceeding to another attempt.
Note
Pre-charge is not required for air cooled cells.
The benefit of pre-charge is to limit transformer in-rush.
Due to the nature of type 5 as break-before-make connectivity, it is of little value to air cooled
cells.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 227
Advanced Operating Functions
7.19 Pre-charge using Dedicated I/O
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Located on the left side is the low voltage pre-charge source coming in through the pre-charge
circuit breaker. Located on the right side is the connection to the pre-charge secondary
windings of the input transformer. Voltage during pre-charge is monitored through the input
attenuators on the primary side of the transformer. The M1 contactor connects the MV source
to the primary.
DANGER
Electric Shock Hazard
During pre-charge, medium voltage is present on the primary side of the input transformer
even though the MV contactor is not closed.
Stay clear of the primary side of the input transformer to avoid death or serious injury.
The pre-charge contactors are controlled directly by the NXGpro code and require no SOP
interaction with the exception of the start pre-charge command.
NXGpro Control
228 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.19 Pre-charge using Dedicated I/O
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Fast bypass is disabled during pre-charge, therefore faulted cells are not reset or bypassed
until after pre-charge is complete. Only fault messages will display on the keypad or Drive Tool,
there is no message to reset the drive, but reset is required. SOP flag
PrechargeNeedsReset_I becomes true when pre-charge is in this state. The flag is reset
once the drive receives a fault reset. You can use this as an indicator that a fault exists, but
do not use to directly issue a fault reset.
1. Drive starts with pre-charge state machine set at pre-charge faulted, and all contactors are
commanded open. When all conditions are met, it passes through pre-charge initialization.
2. After initializing all contactors and flags, it advances to pre-charge ready. M1 is checked to
ensure it is open, and the state controller waits for the pre-charge start command.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 229
Advanced Operating Functions
7.19 Pre-charge using Dedicated I/O
Note
Fatal Fault SOP Flag
Any cell fault is a fatal fault and will set the FatalFault_I SOP flag.
Do not use this flag to:
● remove the pre-charge enable flag, StartCellPrecharge_O
● set the MainInputVoltageDisable_O flag
Doing so during pre-charge will abort pre-charge with a pre-charge fault.
NXGpro Control
230 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.19 Pre-charge using Dedicated I/O
14.M4 is open, M1 is enabled to close through two separate digital outputs: M1 close
permissive (M1 DOUT) on the system interface board and Precharge Complete M1 Close
(DO-9) on user I/O board #1.
15.The drive waits for the M1 contactor to close, via the digital input for the M1 Acknowledge
(DI-2E). The M1 contactor closes to prevent discharge of the cell capacitors, and must be
closed before a low cell bus voltage alarm is received.
16.Once the M1 acknowledge is received, pre-charge is complete and the drive is connected
to the MV source and ready to run. The pre-charge state machine is exited and the exit
state is recorded in the event log along with all other recorded pre-charge events in the
sequence.
Note
The drive run is inhibited until pre-charge completes successfully.
On a successful pre-charge, the state machine remains in PC_COMPLETE until reset. It will
cycle back to pre-charge faulted (without fault) to begin again.
NOTICE
Changing drive parameter settings
Do not change drive parameter settings.
Only Siemens trained personnel are authorized to change drive parameter settings.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 231
Advanced Operating Functions
7.19 Pre-charge using Dedicated I/O
See also
Options for Drive Menu (2) (Page 85)
Note
Pre-charge fault correction
On any pre-charge fault, you must examine the event log for the cause, and correct the problem
before proceeding to another attempt.
Note
Pre-charge is not required for air cooled cells.
The benefit of pre-charge is to limit transformer in-rush.
Type 6 is of value for this purpose due to the make-before-break connectivity.
This applies in particular for drives that have high impedance feeds.
NXGpro Control
232 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.19 Pre-charge using Dedicated I/O
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Located on the left side is the low voltage pre-charge source coming in through the pre-charge
circuit breaker. Located on the right side is the connection to the pre-charge secondary
windings of the input transformer. Voltage during pre-charge is monitored through the input
attenuators on the primary side of the transformer. The M1 contactor connects the MV source
to the primary.
DANGER
Electric Shock Hazard
During pre-charge, medium voltage is present on the primary side of the input transformer
even though the MV contactor is not closed.
Stay clear of the primary side of the input transformer to avoid death or serious injury.
The pre-charge contactors are controlled directly by the NXGpro code and require no SOP
interaction with the exception of the start pre-charge command.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 233
Advanced Operating Functions
7.19 Pre-charge using Dedicated I/O
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Sequence of Operation
MV is maintained throughout pre-charge, therefore faulted cells are reset and bypassed once
the drive is issued a reset, and if fast bypass is enabled. Only fault messages will display on
the keypad or Drive Tool, there is no message to reset the drive, but reset is required. SOP
flag PrechargeNeedsReset_I becomes true when pre-charge is in this state. The flag is
reset once the drive receives a fault reset. You can use this as an indicator that a fault exists,
but do not use to directly issue a fault reset.
1. Drive starts with pre-charge state machine set at pre-charge faulted, and all contactors are
commanded open. When all conditions are met, it passes through pre-charge initialization.
2. After initializing all contactors and flags, it advances to pre-charge ready. M1 is checked to
ensure it is open, and the state controller waits for the pre-charge start command.
NXGpro Control
234 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.19 Pre-charge using Dedicated I/O
Note
Fatal Fault SOP Flag
Any cell fault is a fatal fault and will set the FatalFault_I SOP flag.
Do not use this flag to:
● remove the pre-charge enable flag, StartCellPrecharge_O
● set the MainInputVoltageDisable_O flag
Doing so during pre-charge will abort pre-charge with a pre-charge fault.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 235
Advanced Operating Functions
7.19 Pre-charge using Dedicated I/O
13.When cell diagnostics is complete, the In-Sync signal is checked to determine if M1 can be
commanded to close. There is no drop in input voltage, and the cell capacitors maintain
their charge. The wait for the In-Sync signal is indefinite as long as:
– MV is maintained through the M4 contactor
– a pre-charge fault does not occur
– the pre-charge command is not removed.
Note
Pre-charge in Service Mode
If Service mode is selected, pre-charge completes at this point with M4 closed and MV
stays on through the pre-charge source.
14.After receiving the In-Sync signal, M1 is commanded to close through two separate digital
outputs: M1 close permissive (M1 DOUT) on the system interface board and Precharge
Complete M1 Close (DO-9) on user I/O board #1.
15.The drive waits 3 seconds for the M1 contactor to close, via the digital input for the M1
Acknowledge (DI-2E). If the M1 acknowledge does not return within 5 seconds, a pre-
charge M1 contactor fault, "PreChrg M1 Contactor Flt", occurs and pre-charge is aborted.
16.Once the M1 acknowledge is received, M4 is commanded to open.
17.With the acknowledge of M4 open, the following checks occur:
– input voltage must be above 80%
– pre-charge contactors (M2, M3, and M4) must all be open
– SOP flag MainInputVoltageDisable_O must be false.
18.Pre-charge is complete, the PrechargeComplete_I flag is set true and the drive is connected
to the MV source and ready to run. The pre-charge state machine is exited and the exit
state is recorded in the event log along with all other recorded pre-charge events in the
sequence.
Note
The drive run is inhibited until pre-charge completes successfully.
On a successful pre-charge, the state machine remains in PC_COMPLETE until reset. It will
cycle back to pre-charge faulted (without fault) to begin again.
NXGpro Control
236 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.20 Paralleling Multiple Drives
NOTICE
Changing drive parameter settings
Do not change drive parameter settings.
Only Siemens trained personnel are authorized to change drive parameter settings.
See also
Options for Drive Menu (2) (Page 85)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 237
Advanced Operating Functions
7.20 Paralleling Multiple Drives
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NXGpro Control
238 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.20 Paralleling Multiple Drives
of drives connected to the motor, by determining the field-producing current share for each
drive.
The drives total magnetizing current must be an equal share from each connected drive. This
then equalizes the torque capability of each drive for the motor total torque so that each drive
is contributing the same amount of torque and magnetizing current. The result is equal sharing
between each drive.
The success of balancing the flux producing reactive currents between drives is more an
exercise of balancing the attenuator impedances than in any control algorithm or setting of
droop parameters.
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Note
Use of Flux Droop results in lower flux on the machine. This can be adjusted by slightly
increasing the "Flux demand" (3150) parameter to greater than 1.0.
Spinning load must be disabled for running parallel drives on a single induction motor.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 239
Advanced Operating Functions
7.21 Torque Mode
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NXGpro Control
240 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.21 Torque Mode
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Note
Speed Demand
The speed demand is set to the motor speed limit as shown in Figure Torque Mode.
The Torque Demand can be sent to the VFD in one of three ways:
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Depending on the source of the Torque Demand, the appropriate SOP flags and menu settings
must be configured. In all cases the TorqueMode_O flag must be set TRUE to use torque
mode, and the necessary torque command established through the selected source.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 241
Advanced Operating Functions
7.22 High Performance Control
See also
Options for Drive Menu (2) (Page 85)
NXGpro Control
242 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.22 High Performance Control
period of time to overcome the inertia of the rotor and to produce movement. Once movement
occurs, the PLL can lock onto the flux vector.
Synchronous Motors (SM) and Induction Motors (IM) may require a high starting torque mode:
● SMs have an externally generated flux source that can be pulsed to provide enough
feedback to lock onto the flux angle at standstill. SMs have poor starting torque
characteristics.
● IMs have a flux created through coupling across the air gap and can be controlled directly.
● In V/Hz control mode SMs and IMs require a high starting torque mode: to overcome static
friction (stiction) that is high in either the motor or the load; or when a large inertial load is
connected; or when operating a motor on long cables in which a significant amount of load
impedance is in the cables.
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NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 243
Advanced Operating Functions
7.23 Long Cable Applications
See also
Options for Drive Menu (2) (Page 85)
NXGpro Control
244 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.23 Long Cable Applications
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See also
Options for Drive Menu (2) (Page 85)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 245
Advanced Operating Functions
7.24 Drive with Output Transformers
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Parameters are the same as those required for standard cable impedance and if required
output filtering parameters. Refer to the Output Connection Menu (2900) for these parameters.
See also
Options for Drive Menu (2) (Page 85)
NXGpro Control
246 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.24 Drive with Output Transformers
LT1 HV cable
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The drive will compensate for the drive, cable, and transformer impedances when set up
correctly. In this case, the motor inductance is set up using the following parameters:
● Leakage inductance (1070): motor leakage inductance (LL)
● Stator resistance (1080): motor stator resistance (RS)
● Cable resistance (2940): resistance of the cable (len * R/len scaled by the turns ratio of T1)
● Cable inductance (2941): the total inductance of the cable + the inductance of the secondary
transformer T2 (both through the turns ratio of T1) + the inductance of T1
● Filter inductance (2920): this can be used for the transformer inductance of T1 as an
alternative to adding it to the cable impedance.
If an output transformer is used in conjunction with a cable (with or without an additional step-
down transformer), enter the impedances of the cable (and the extra transformer) after applying
the transformer turns ratio of T1 for the voltage loss (based on the current flowing through
them).
If an output transformer is used alone and connected directly to the motor, enter the transformer
inductance as either Filter inductance or Cable inductance, so that the drive can compensate
for voltage losses proportional to the output current. The following figure shows an example
of such a configuration.
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NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 247
Advanced Operating Functions
7.25 Motor Equivalent Circuit Parameters
See also
Options for Motor Menu (1) (Page 76)
NXGpro Control
248 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Advanced Operating Functions
7.25 Motor Equivalent Circuit Parameters
To convert these values to the NXGpro menu settings, first calculate the motor base
impedance, Z in ohms:
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 249
Advanced Operating Functions
7.25 Motor Equivalent Circuit Parameters
NXGpro Control
250 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Software User Interface 8
Interfaces for Changing and Tuning Controls
Use one of the following methods to change parameters in the drive:
● multi-language keypad
● standard keypad
● PC-based drive tool
● via networks.
This chapter discusses the navigation of the multi-language keypad and the standard keypad
in detail, and introduces the more advanced external interface of the PC-based drive tool.
The fourth listed method involves changing parameters by means of networks. It involves
programming on an interconnected platform, e.g. an external PLC. For more information refer
to the NXGpro Communication Manual.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 251
Software User Interface
8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
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The multi-language keypad is intended as a direct replacement for the standard keypad. The
electrical connection and mechanical fit/mounting are the same between the multi-language
keypad and the standard keypad.
Keypad Functions
Use the keypad to:
● navigate through the menu system
● activate control functions
● reset the system after faults have occurred
● edit parameter values
● enter security access codes
● place the system in automatic, manual or stop mode.
NXGpro Control
252 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Software User Interface
8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
CAUTION
Improper Keypad Operation
Although the drive comes standard with a keypad interface, and the menu system is secured
with multiple, programmable password levels, for security or other reasons, the drive is
capable of running without the keypad.
Switching components during operation may cause personal injury or impair system functions.
Never add or remove the keypad with power applied to the control.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 253
Software User Interface
8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
Fault LED Condition1 Display Fault Condi‐ Alarm Condition Alarm Acknowl‐
tion edged or Fault
Reset?
Flashing Status display will be reduced in height and N/A Active (not ac‐ No
alarm name will be shown in yellow box at knowledged)
bottom of display.
Flashing* Status display will be reduced in height and N/A Cleared (not ac‐ No
alarm name will be shown in yellow box at knowledged)
bottom of display.
Flashing none N/A Active (acknowl‐ Yes
edged)
Flashing Status display will be reduced in height and N/A Multiple unac‐ No
(see figure below) alarm names will be shown in rotation in yel‐ knowledged
low box at bottom of display. alarms
On continuously*** Fault name Active N/A No
Note: Background is red for fault display.
On continuously*** Fault name within display** Multiple N/A No
Note: Background is red for fault display. faults
1
Up to three faults can be displayed simultaneously on the display.
* After an alarm condition is cleared, the fault LED will continue to flash until the alarm is
acknowledged. Alarms are self-clearing.
Press the [FAULT RESET] key to acknowledge the alarm.
** Use the down and up arrow keys to cycle through the active fault list.
*** Assumes "Fault display override" (ID 8200) is "Off".
NXGpro Control
254 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Software User Interface
8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
Note
Fault Indication
If an alarm condition occurs before or during a fault condition, the LED and display will not
indicate the presence of an alarm until the fault condition is cleared and reset. Alarm conditions
are recorded in the alarm/fault log.
A fault signals system malfunction with the output of the drive disabled.
Clear and reset a fault condition immediately to ensure proper system function.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 255
Software User Interface
8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
3. Press the [FAULT RESET] key on the keypad to acknowledge the alarm.
Acknowledging an alarm will cause all alarms to no longer be displayed on the keypad
display. However, if any alarm condition still exists, the fault LED will flash red.
4. View the alarm/fault log to verify the status of alarms.
5. If there are faults and alarms, press the [FAULT RESET] key twice to first reset the fault
and then acknowledge the alarms.
Note
Acknowledging faults or alarms in alarm/fault log
When the alarm/fault log has more than 256 unacknowledged faults or alarms, the display
shows the message "Fault/Alarm log" "overflow".
The cause may be an alarm or several that have not been manually reset to "acknowledge"
the alarm.
An alarm sets and resets itself with no external intervention. However, to acknowledge an
alarm, you must manually reset the alarm using the fault reset button or remote fault reset.
Note
Customizing automatic mode
Automatic mode can be customized to suit particular application needs by modifying the
appropriate I/O parameters from the keypad and display interface.
Do not modify without first consulting Siemens customer service.
NXGpro Control
256 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Software User Interface
8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
This key is usually programmed for local operation at the drive from the keypad.
Note
Modifying the factory supplied program
Do not modify without first consulting Siemens customer service.
Note
Configuring sources of velocity demand
Use the SOP to configure the sources of velocity demand and the operation of the drive via
the various customer interfaces. An example depicting two programmed control modes is
illustrated below.
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 257
Software User Interface
8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
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NXGpro Control
258 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Software User Interface
8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
Note
Entering hexadecimal values
Hexadecimal (hex) is a method of representing numbers using digits 0 to 9, and letters A to F.
Press the [SHIFT] key followed by numbers [1] to [6] to enter hex digits A to F. The following
table lists the keystrokes required to enter hex values A to F and the decimal equivalents.
The hexadecimal entry feature is available only during security code entry.
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NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 259
Software User Interface
8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
Perform the following steps to access menus via the Speed Menu function:
1. Press [SHIFT] followed by the numeric key, e.g.
– Press [SHIFT]+[1] to access the Motor Menu.
– Press [SHIFT]+[2] to access the Drive Menu.
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NXGpro Control
260 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Software User Interface
8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
Note
Editing parameter values
When editing parameter values, you must use all four digit fields by using a zero where
appropriate.
For example, to change the value of a four digit parameter from 1234 to 975, enter 0975.
Note
Signed parameters
For signed parameters, i.e. parameter values that can be either positive or negative, the first
active digit is the sign of the value.
To change the sign of a value:
● Use the up and down arrow keys. The active "digit" is the left most position and is underlined.
Either a "+" or a "-" is displayed during the editing process.
● Press [ENTER] to accept the new value.
When not being edited, positive values are displayed without the "+" sign. Negative values
always show the "-" sign unless the negative sign is implied in the parameter name itself.
See also
Arrow Keys (Page 263)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 261
Software User Interface
8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
Note
Using the [SHIFT] key
It is not necessary to simultaneously press the [SHIFT] key and the desired function key.
The SHIFT function is a toggle. Press [SHIFT] again before pressing any other key to remove
the pending SHIFT function and clear the arrow indicator.
NXGpro Control
262 Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A
Software User Interface
8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
See also
Numeric Keys (Page 258)
NXGpro Control
Operating Manual, AA, A5E33474566A 263
Software User Interface
8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
Example: scrolling through the list of options within the main menu
After using the right arrow key [⇒] to reach the main menu, press the down arrow key [⇓] to
scroll through the list of options within the main menu.
These options may be parameters, pick lists, or submenus.
Refer to the next section for information about the structure of the menu system.
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Figure 8-6 Using the up and down arrow keys to control velocity demand
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Note
Default assignment on the front panel display
The velocity demand field (DEMD) on the front panel display is assigned by default.
This display assignment, and the other three variables, can be changed from the menu system.
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Note
Accessing higher security level menus
If you request access to a menu number that is assigned a higher security level than the current
security level, the drive will prompt for the appropriate security level code.
Within the menu structure, when not in edit mode, the right arrow acts like the [ENTER] key
upon the menu item displayed while the left arrow climbs the menu hierarchy.
See also
Summary of Common Shift Key and Arrow Key Sequences (Page 267)
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Table 8-3 Summary of common [SHIFT] key and arrow key sequences
'5,9( Speed Menu to the Drive Menu. Access from the default meter display.
6+,)7 Enter hexadecimal "B" from value edit and security prompts.
67$% Speed Menu to the Stability Menu. Access from the default meter display.
6+,)7 Enter hexadecimal "C" from value edit and security prompts.
$872 Speed Menu to the Auto Menu. Access from the default meter display.
6+,)7 Enter hexadecimal "D" from value edit and security prompts.
0$,1 Speed Menu to the Main Menu. Access from the default meter display.
6+,)7 Enter hexadecimal "E" from value edit and security prompts. Right arrow [⇒] also enters at this
point from outside of the menu system.
/2*6 Speed Menu to the Logs Menu. Access from the default meter display.
6+,)7 Enter hexadecimal "F" from value edit and security prompts.
'59352 Speed Menu to the Drive Protect Menu. Access from the default meter display.
6+,)7
0(7(5 Speed Menu to the Meter Menu. Access from the default meter display.
6+,)7
&200 Speed Menu to the Communications Menu. Access from the default meter display.
6+,)7
+(/3 Speed Menu to a context sensitive help menu. Access from anywhere except the default meter
6+,)7 display.
&$1&(/ Cancel the current action, abort the current keystroke or exit the menu system.
6+,)7 (17(5
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Return to the top item of the currently selected menu, submenu or pick list.
6+,)7
6+,)7
6+,)7
Go to the bottom item of the currently selected menu, submenu or pick list.
6+,)7
When editing a value that has been changed from its factory default, this key sequence returns the
6+,)7 value to its factory default.
[POWER ON]
The [POWER ON] indicator is illuminated when control power is supplied to the system.
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[RUN]
The [RUN] indicator is illuminated when the drive is running.
[FAULT]
The [FAULT] indicator is illuminated solidly when one or more system errors have occurred,
e.g. boot-up test failure or over voltage fault.
The [FAULT] indicator blinks when one or more alarms are active or unacknowledged.
● Press the [FAULT RESET] key to clear any existing fault conditions and restore the system
to normal operation.
Refer to Figure Multi-language Keypad and Display Interface for the location of the diagnostic
indicators.
See also
Multi-Language Keypad (Page 252)
8.1.11 Display
After power up or reset, the Siemens identification and software version number is displayed
for a few seconds. Afterwards, the meter display is shown by default. The default meter display
is the starting point of the menu system. This display remains active until keys are pressed.
02'( +$1'
'(0'
Siemens Harmony
530
Ve r s i o n #.#.# D a te
9/76
,727
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8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
/LQH /LQH
ILHOG ILHOG
QDPH QDPH
530
8VHUGHILQHG
9/76 GLVSOD\ILHOGV
,727
5LJKWFROXPQRIGLVSOD\
VKRZVG\QDPLFYDOXHV
[MODE] field
The [MODE] field is fixed.
The last four fields on the display contain parameter values that can be defined by the user.
All four variable displays can be selected from a pick list using the display parameters (8000).
The [MODE] field displays the current operational mode of the system.
This field can have any one of the displays summarized in Table Line 1 of mode display
depending on the current operational mode or the current state of the drive.
/LQH /LQH
ILHOG ILHOG
QDPH QDPH
530
8VHUGHILQHG
9/76 GLVSOD\ILHOGV
,727
5LJKWFROXPQRIGLVSOD\
VKRZVG\QDPLFYDOXHV
The KYPD field displays the current operational mode of the system.
This field can have any one of the displays summarized in Table Line 2 of mode display
depending on the current operational mode or the current state of the drive.
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/LQH /LQH
ILHOG ILHOG
QDPH QDPH
530
8VHUGHILQHG
9/76 GLVSOD\ILHOGV
,727
5LJKWFROXPQRIGLVSOD\
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Drive (2)
(A r row Keys Selec t)
2. From this point, you can select from the nine standard menus.
Use the up [⇑] and down [⇓] arrow keys, to select the desired menu.
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8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
3. Press the down [⇓] arrow key twice. The following figure shows the display prior to the
selection of the Speed Setup Menu (2060).
Drive parameters
(20 0 0) (s u b m e n u)
Speed setup
(20 6 0) (s u b m e n u)
To r q u e r e f e r e n c e
(2 210) (s u b m e n u)
4. Press the [ENTER] or right [⇒] arrow key to enter the Speed Setup Menu (2060).
5. Press the down [⇓] arrow key once to access the ratio control parameter (2070).
5DWLRFRQWURO
6SHHGI ZGPD[OLPLW
6SHHGI ZGPLQOLPLW
6. Press [ENTER] to confirm and enter edit mode for the ratio control parameter. "(edit)"
appears in the display when a parameter is in edit mode.
Ratio control
(e d i t) -003.0 %
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7. Use the left [⇐] and right [⇒] arrow keys to position the cursor under the desired digit or sign
to be changed.
Set the digit by using the number keys, or increment or decrement the digit using the up
[⇑] and down [⇓] arrow keys.
Use the up [⇑] and down [⇓] arrow keys to change the sign. The parameter is written into
memory once you press [ENTER] or the right [⇒] arrow key.
8. The following figure depicts the display when a number is entered and it is within the range
of the system.
5DWLRFRQWURO
6SHHGI ZGPD[OLPLW
6SHHGI ZGPLQOLPLW
Figure 8-18 Status display upon entering a value in the range of the system
Note
Use of asterisks (*)
An asterisk (*) is used to denote when a parameter is changed from its current default value.
This allows you to quickly see which parameters have been changed.
To return a parameter to its factory value, press [SHIFT] + [⇐] while in edit mode.
Speed Parameter
Enter Param ID 1020
Figure 8-19 Status display after pressing [SHIFT] [⇒] and entering ID 1020
2. Press the [ENTER] key once to show the motor frequency display and then press [ENTER]
again to edit its value.
Motor frequency
(e d i t) 010.0 Hz
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8.1 Multi-Language Keypad
Motor frequency
OUT OF RANGE
Figure 8-21 Status display upon entering a value beyond the range of the system
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8.2 Standard Keypad
0RGHVRI2SHUDWLRQ
$XWRPDWLF
.H\SDG
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0DQXDO6WRS
Keypad Functions
Use the keypad to:
● navigate through the menu system
● activate control functions
● reset the system after faults have occurred
● edit parameter values
● enter security access codes
● place the system in automatic, manual or stop mode.
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CAUTION
Improper Keypad Operation
Although the drive comes standard with a keypad interface, and the menu system is secured
with multiple, programmable password levels, for security or other reasons, the drive is
capable of running without the keypad.
Switching components during operation may cause personal injury or impair system functions.
Never add or remove the keypad with power applied to the control.
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8.2 Standard Keypad
Fault LED Condition Display Fault Condition Alarm Condition Alarm Acknowledged
or Fault Reset?
Flashing Toggles between alarm N/A Active No
name(s) and normal display
Flashing* Toggles between alarm N/A Cleared (not acknowl‐ No
name and normal display edged)
Flashing none N/A Active (acknowledged) Yes
Flashing Toggles between alarm N/A Multiple active alarms No
name, normal display, next
alarm, normal display, etc.
On continuously Fault name Active N/A No
On continuously Fault name within display** Multiple faults N/A No
* After an alarm condition is cleared, the fault LED will continue to flash until the alarm is
acknowledged. Alarms are self-clearing.
Press the [FAULT RESET] key to acknowledge the alarm.
** Use the down and up arrow keys to cycle through the active fault list.
Note
Fault Indication
If an alarm condition occurs before or during a fault condition, the LED and display will not
indicate the presence of an alarm until the fault condition is cleared and reset. Alarm conditions
are recorded in the alarm/fault log.
A fault signals system malfunction with the output of the drive disabled.
Clear and reset a fault condition immediately to ensure proper system function.
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8.2 Standard Keypad
Note
Customizing automatic mode
Automatic mode can be customized to suit particular application needs by modifying the
appropriate I/O parameters from the keypad and display interface.
Do not modify without first consulting Siemens customer service.
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8.2 Standard Keypad
The [MANUAL STOP] key can be used, via the SOP, to put the drive into stop mode. Stop
mode shuts down the drive in a controlled manner. The drive is shutdown regardless of whether
the current state is manual, remote or automatic.
This key is usually programmed for local operation at the drive from the keypad.
Note
Modifying the factory supplied program
Do not modify without first consulting Siemens customer service.
Note
Configuring sources of velocity demand
Use the SOP to configure the sources of velocity demand and the operation of the drive via
the various customer interfaces. An example depicting two programmed control modes is
illustrated below.
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8.2 Standard Keypad
3HUIHFW+DUPRQ\.H\SDG
/RFDOPDQXDOPRGHLVDFWLYDWHGE\
SUHVVLQJWKH0DQXDO6WDUWNH\RQWKH
NH\SDGDQGVHWWLQJWKHYHORFLW\GHPDQG
XVLQJWKHXSDQGGRZQDUURZNH\V
MANUAL 9HORFLW\'HPDQG
START VHWPDQXDOO\
IURPDUURZNH\V
'ULYH2XWSXW
0DQXDO5HPRWH 3HUIHFW
5HPRWH'LJLWDO,QSXW WR0RWRU
+DUPRQ\
9$&/RJLF 'ULYH
([WHUQDO
5HIHUHQFH
5HPRWHPDQXDOPRGHLVDFWLYDWHGE\
SUHVVLQJWKHPRPHQWDU\LQSXWDQGVHWWLQJ
9HORFLW\'HPDQGIURPDQ WKHYHORFLW\GHPDQGXVLQJWKHUHPRWH
H[WHUQDOVSHHGUHIHUHQFH SRWHQWLRPHWHU
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8.2 Standard Keypad
Note
Entering hexadecimal values
Hexadecimal (hex) is a method of representing numbers using digits 0 to 9, and letters A to F.
Press the [SHIFT] key followed by numbers [1] to [6] to enter hex digits A to F. The following
table lists the keystrokes required to enter hex values A to F and the decimal equivalents.
The hexadecimal entry feature is available only during security code entry.
B 11
'5,9(
6+,)7
C 12
67$%
6+,)7
D 13
$872
6+,)7
E 14
0$,1
6+,)7
F 15
/2*6
6+,)7
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8.2 Standard Keypad
Perform the following steps to access menus via the Speed Menu function:
1. Press [SHIFT] followed by the numeric key, e.g.
– Press [SHIFT]+[1] to access the Motor Menu.
– Press [SHIFT]+[2] to access the Drive Menu.
0RWRU
1XPEHUIRUHQWHULQJ
6SHHGPHQXQDPH
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8VHZLWK>6+,)7@NH\IURP
VHFXULW\FRGHV
WKHGHIDXOWPHWHUGLVSOD\
RUPHQXQXPEHUV
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8.2 Standard Keypad
Note
Editing parameter values
When editing parameter values, you must use all four digit fields by using a zero where
appropriate.
For example, to change the value of a four digit parameter from 1234 to 975, enter 0975.
Note
Signed parameters
For signed parameters, i.e. parameter values that can be either positive or negative, the first
active digit is the sign of the value.
To change the sign of a value:
● Use the up and down arrow keys. The active "digit" is the left most position and is underlined.
Either a "+" or a "-" is displayed during the editing process.
● Press [ENTER] to accept the new value.
When not being edited, positive values are displayed without the "+" sign. Negative values
always show the "-" sign unless the negative sign is implied in the parameter name itself.
See also
Arrow Keys (Page 286)
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8.2 Standard Keypad
Note
Using the [SHIFT] key
It is not necessary to simultaneously press the [SHIFT] key and the desired function key.
6+,)7
The SHIFT function is a toggle. Press [SHIFT] again before pressing any other key to remove
the pending SHIFT function and clear the indicator.
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8.2 Standard Keypad
See also
Numeric Keys (Page 281)
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Example: scrolling through the list of options within the main menu
After using the right arrow key [⇒] to reach the main menu, press the down arrow key [⇓] to
scroll through the list of options within the main menu.
These options may be parameters, pick lists, or submenus.
Refer to the next section for information about the structure of the menu system.
Figure 8-26 Using the up and down arrow keys to control velocity demand
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8.2 Standard Keypad
Note
Default assignment on the front panel display
The velocity demand field (DEMD) on the front panel display is assigned by default.
This display assignment, and the other three variables, can be changed from the menu system.
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8.2 Standard Keypad
Note
Accessing higher security level menus
If you request access to a menu number that is assigned a higher security level than the current
security level, the drive will prompt for the appropriate security level code.
Within the menu structure, not in edit mode, the right arrow acts like the [ENTER] key upon
the menu item displayed while the left arrow climbs the menu hierarchy.
See also
Summary of Common Shift Key and Arrow Key Sequences (Page 290)
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8.2 Standard Keypad
Table 8-8 Summary of common [SHIFT] key and arrow key sequences
Speed Menu to the Drive Menu. Access from the default meter display.
'5,9(
6+,)7 Enter hexadecimal "B" from value edit and security prompts.
Speed Menu to the Stability Menu. Access from the default meter display.
67$%
6+,)7 Enter hexadecimal "C" from value edit and security prompts.
Speed Menu to the Auto Menu. Access from the default meter display.
$872
6+,)7 Enter hexadecimal "D" from value edit and security prompts.
Speed Menu to the Main Menu. Access from the default meter display.
0$,1
6+,)7 Enter hexadecimal "E" from value edit and security prompts. Right arrow [⇒] also enters at this
point from outside of the menu system.
Speed Menu to the Logs Menu. Access from the default meter display.
/2*6
6+,)7 Enter hexadecimal "F" from value edit and security prompts.
Speed Menu to the Drive Protect Menu. Access from the default meter display.
'59352
6+,)7
Speed Menu to the Meter Menu. Access from the default meter display.
0(7(5
6+,)7
Speed Menu to the Communications Menu. Access from the default meter display.
&200
6+,)7
Speed Menu to a context sensitive help menu. Access from anywhere except the default meter
+(/3
6+,)7 display.
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8.2 Standard Keypad
Return to the top item of the currently selected menu, submenu or pick list.
6+,)7
6+,)7
6+,)7
Go to the bottom item of the currently selected menu, submenu or pick list.
6+,)7
When editing a value that has been changed from its factory default, this key sequence returns the
6+,)7 value to its factory default.
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8.2 Standard Keypad
[POWER ON]
The [POWER ON] indicator is illuminated when control power is supplied to the system.
[RUN]
The [RUN] indicator is illuminated when the drive is running.
[FAULT]
The [FAULT] indicator is illuminated solidly when one or more system errors have occurred,
e.g. boot-up test failure or over voltage fault.
The [FAULT] indicator blinks when one or more alarms are active or unacknowledged.
● Press the [FAULT RESET] key to clear any existing fault conditions and restore the system
to normal operation.
Refer to Figure Standard Keypad and Display Interface for the location of the diagnostic
indicators.
See also
Standard Keypad (Page 276)
8.2.11 Display
After power up or reset, the Siemens identification and software version number is displayed
for a few seconds. Afterwards, the meter display is shown by default. The default meter display
is the starting point of the menu system. This display remains active until keys are pressed.
6LHPHQV+DUPRQ\
02'( '(0' )5(4 530 ,727
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8.2 Standard Keypad
)L[HGGLVSOD\ILHOG
8VHUGHILQHGGLVSOD\ILHOGV
[MODE] field
The [MODE] field is fixed.
The last four fields on the display contain parameter values that can be defined by the user.
All four variable displays can be selected from a pick list using the display parameters (8000).
The [MODE] field displays the current operational mode of the system.
This field can have any one of the displays summarized in Table Line 1 of mode display
depending on the current operational mode or the current state of the drive.
)L[HGGLVSOD\ILHOG 8VHUGHILQHGGLVSOD\ILHOGV
The KYPD field displays the current operational mode of the system.
This field can have any one of the displays summarized in Table Line 2 of mode display
depending on the current operational mode or the current state of the drive.
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8.2 Standard Keypad
)L[HGGLVSOD\ILHOG
8VHUGHILQHGGLVSOD\ILHOGV
'5,9( 'ULYH
6+,)7
$UURZNH\VVHOHFW
2. From this point, you can select from the nine standard menus.
Use the up [⇑] and down [⇓] arrow keys, to select the desired menu.
3. Press the down [⇓] arrow key twice. The following figure shows the display prior to the
selection of the Speed Setup Menu (2060).
6SHHGVHWXS
VXEPHQX
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8.2 Standard Keypad
4. Press the [ENTER] or right [⇒] arrow key to enter the Speed Setup Menu (2060).
6SHHGVHWXS
$UURZNH\VVHOHFW
5. Press the down [⇓] arrow key once to access the ratio control parameter (2070).
5DWLRFRQWURO
6. Press [ENTER] to confirm and enter edit mode for the ratio control parameter. "(edit)"
appears in the display when a parameter is in edit mode.
&$1&(/ 5DWLRFRQWURO
7. Use the left [⇐] and right [⇒] arrow keys to position the cursor under the desired digit or sign
to be changed.
Set the digit by using the number keys, or increment or decrement the digit using the up
[⇑] and down [⇓] arrow keys.
Use the up [⇑] and down [⇓] arrow keys to change the sign. The parameter is written into
memory once you press [ENTER] or the right [⇒] arrow key.
8. The following figure depicts the display when a number is entered and it is within the range
of the system.
5DWLRFRQWURO
Figure 8-38 Status display upon entering a value in the range of the system
Note
Use of asterisks (*)
An asterisk (*) is used to denote when a parameter is changed from its current default value.
This allows you to quickly see which parameters have been changed.
To return a parameter to its factory value, press [SHIFT] + [⇐] while in edit mode.
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Software User Interface
8.2 Standard Keypad
6SHHG3DUDPHWHU
6+,)7
(QWHU3DUDP,'
Figure 8-39 Status display after pressing [SHIFT] [⇒] and entering ID 1020
2. Press the [ENTER] key once to show the motor frequency display and then press [ENTER]
again to edit its value.
0RWRU)UHTXHQF\
2872)5$1*(
Figure 8-41 Status display upon entering a value beyond the range of the system
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8.4 Communication Interface
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8.4 Communication Interface
● DeviceNet™
● ControlNet™
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8.4 Communication Interface
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Operating the Software 9
A System Program (SOP) is developed for each drive application to configure the VFD to
function as desired by the end user. The SOP allows the end user to define the drive operation,
where possible, so that system response and I/O configuration is configured for the application.
The SOP is used to define reference sources, select a subset of operating parameters,
configure all I/O, and to define alarms and fault conditions as desired by the end user.
Note
Certain internal drive-generated faults defined for drive protection cannot be modified by the
SOP.
Note
SOP changes must be approved by Siemens.
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Operating the Software
9.5 Output Flags
Note
Reassignment of outputs is flagged as a fault by the SOP Utilities compiler.
Note
The SOP evaluation cycle time is based on synchronization of the slow loop with the fault loop,
with worst case being two fault loop cycles or about 6.7 msec.
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9.7 Uploading the SOP
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Operating the Software
9.8 Multiple Configuration Files
CAUTION
Potential Drive Instability or Trip
Switching SOP flags could cause drive instability and/or a trip.
Do not switch SOP flags while the drive is running.
Since the configuration files can also be changed via the menu, there is a potential conflict
that could arise between whether the menu or the SOP selected file is to be used. If the menu
is used to override the SOP selection, then the menu selection becomes the active
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9.9 Selecting the active SOP
configuration. This will remain in effect until the SOP changes the configuration file to be
different from the menu selection.
See also
Options for Multiple Configuration Files (Page 143)
Note
Requirement when selecting the active SOP
To select a different active SOP, the drive must not be running.
This could cause drive instability and/or a trip.
Use the parameter Select system program (9146) to select from a pick list of all available SOPs.
To determine the SOP that is currently selected, use the Display sys prog name (9140)
function. Find both parameters under the SOP and Serial Functions Menu (9110).
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Operating the Software
9.9 Selecting the active SOP
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Troubleshooting Faults and Alarms 10
This chapter contains information for fault, alarm and error troubleshooting.
DANGER
Electric Shock Hazard
Handling the equipment with main input power connected will cause death or severe injuries.
Always switch off the main input power to the equipment before attempting inspection or
maintenance procedure.
WARNING
Qualified service personnel
Incorrect handling and maintenance may cause death or severe injuries.
Ensure that only qualified service personnel maintain SINAMICS PERFECT HARMONY
GH180 equipment and systems.
Refer to Chapter NXGpro Control Description for locations and details of major hardware
components of the NXGpro control. Refer to separate Operating Instructions manual for all
other details.
See also
NXGpro Control Description (Page 31)
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Troubleshooting Faults and Alarms
10.1 Faults and Alarms
Refer to the following table, to determine the drive response for the various fault and alarm
conditions.
WARNING
High Voltages
Disabling the drive does not necessarily remove voltage form the motor terminals.
The motor, especially if spinning, may have residual voltage on the terminals, and anything
connected to them.
Always adhere to the five safety rules and safety measures in Chapter Safety Notes.
* Refer to Chapter Software User Interface, Section Fault Reset key and LED Indicator for
information about the LED.
Fault handling
To reset a fault manually, use the [FAULT RESET] key on the keypad. Return the drive to the
run condition by performing manual start or by forcing the RunRequest_I equal to "true".
Certain faults can be reset automatically if enabled by the auto fault reset enable (7120). Refer
to Table Auto resettable faults, for a list of auto resettable faults. These are fixed and not
adjustable. If reset is successful, the drive will return to the run state automatically only if the
RunRequest_I is maintained at the value "true". The [FAULT RESET] key of the keypad is
also used to acknowledge alarms.
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10.2 Drive Faults and Alarms
Output Ground Fault Network 2 Communication Int AI1 to AI12 Loss of Signal
IOC Motor Over Volt Fault Loss Of Drive Enable
Menu Initialization Back EMF Timeout Motor Pull-out Fault
Medium voltage low Flt Failed To Magnetize SMDC PLL Start-up Fault
Line Over Voltage Fault Loss Of Field Current SM Pole Slip
See also
Options for Log Control Menu (6) (Page 131)
Fault Reset Key and LED Indicator (Page 253)
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See also
Watchdog Protections (Page 50)
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See also
User Faults and Alarms (Page 357)
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10.3 Cell Faults and Alarms
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10.3 Cell Faults and Alarms
All cell faults are generated by circuitry located on the cell control board (CCB) of each power
cell and are received by the microprocessor board through circuitry on the digital modulator.
Use the following table as a quick troubleshooting guide to locate the cause of the fault
condition. This table lists faults that may occur in all SINAMICS PERFECT HARMONY GH180
drives unless otherwise noted. All cell faults are initiated by the CCB located in each power
cell.
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10.3 Cell Faults and Alarms
The following cell faults will occur only during the cell diagnostic mode immediately following
initialization or reset. All IGBTs in each cell are sequentially gated and checked for proper
operation, i.e. blocking or not blocking. See Table Diagnostic cell faults.
Note
Switching and blocking tests
Not every cell type has switching and blocking tests. Refer to the Operating Instructions manual.
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10.3 Cell Faults and Alarms
The faults listed in the following table are related only to cells that have advanced protocol
(AP); 600V AFE, 750V AP, 750V AP 4Q, and 1375 HV AP cells. Some apply specifically to
only one type and are noted as such.
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10.3 Cell Faults and Alarms
10.3.1 Troubleshooting General Power Cell and Power Cell Circuitry Faults
This section may vary per product. Refer to the Operating Instructions manual for specific
details. The types of faults addressed in this section include the following:
● AC fuse(s) blown faults
● control power faults
● device out of saturation (OOS) faults
● capacitor sharing faults
● bypass failed faults
● VDC undervoltage faults
● blocking failure faults
● switching failure faults.
Action
1. Check the fuses and replace any that are blown, more than one could be blown.
2. Replace defective or damaged parts.
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10.3 Cell Faults and Alarms
Action
Replace the defective or damaged parts.
Action
Fix or replace damaged or defective components.
Action
The exact cause needs to be determined before pulling a power cell out of service.
Action
Find and replace the faulty components.
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10.3 Cell Faults and Alarms
Action
1. Check the cell fuses and check the historic log for line dips.
2. Correct the problem before continuing operation. A faulty CCB could also give a false
indication.
3. Replace defective or faulty parts.
Action
Replace damaged or defective parts.
Action
Replace defective parts.
Course of action
1. Check the coolant system for proper flows and temperatures.
2. Inspect cell cooling paths for kinked hoses or major leaks.
3. Be sure all cell cabinet manifold valves are fully open.
4. Check that the blowers are working properly.
5. Check ambient temperature. Verify that all cabinet doors are shut to ensure proper air flow.
6. Check for faulty RTD on cell or a faulty CCB.
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10.3 Cell Faults and Alarms
Course of action
1. Verify that the motor and drive nameplate settings match parameters in the motor parameter
menu (1000) and drive parameter menu (2000).
2. Reduce the regen torque limit parameters (1200, 1220, 1240) in the limits menu (1120).
For water-cooled 6SR325 (2 quadrant) drives and HV drives, set regen torque limit
parameters to 0.15 %.
3. Reduce flux regulator proportional gain (3110) and flux regulator integral gain (3120)
parameters in the flux control menu (3100).
4. If the failure is occurring in bypass mode, increase the energy saver minimum flux (3170)
parameter in the flux control menu (3100) to at least 50%.
5. If the measured signals from the previous section seem to be correct, change the main
control board.
Course of action
1. Check fiber optic links and replace them, if defective.
2. Check or replace the CCB.
3. Contact Siemens customer service.
Note
Designations for faults and alarms
User faults and alarms are closely tied to the SOP configuration and are designated here
generically as faults although they can be programmed as alarms only. Refer to Chapter
Operating the Software for more information.
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10.5 Unexpected Output Conditions
See also
Operating the Software (Page 301)
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10.5 Unexpected Output Conditions
Action
1. Check the motor torque limit parameters (1190, 1210, 1230) in the limits menu (1120).
2. Check all motor and drive nameplate ratings against parameters set in the motor parameter
menu (1000) and the drive parameter menu (2000).
3. Check all causes of torque limit.
Note
Identifying spare parts
Spare parts are available through Siemens customer service. Check Operating
Instructions manual for parts identification.
See also
Display (Page 269)
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10.5 Unexpected Output Conditions
The idea of the latched flags is to prevent missing any conditions during a transitory rollback.
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10.6 Drive Input Protection
A special condition can occur in lightly loaded drives, usually on test stands where small motors
are used on a much bigger drive, or if a transorb in the output voltage feedback goes bad. With
rollup in this case, the speed reference goes higher than the commanded speed (speed
demand). Disable speed rollup to eliminate this condition.
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10.6 Drive Input Protection
This parameter can only enable, and cannot disable pre-assigned cell types currently hard-
coded. The fall-back for all cell types, if the parameter is not set, is to use SOP flags.
NOTICE
If this parameter is not used for HV-AP cell types, then all associated cell protection SOP
flags must be added to the SOP Input Protection logic to ensure that the drive has the required
protection.
In fall-back mode, the SOP is responsible for acting on protection detection SOP flags,and in
opening the input MV breaker. The SOP for these cases, must contain all the logic to properly
utilize the protection flags and assert the proper I/O to remove the connection to the MV supply
in a timely manner.
The following inputs and outputs are dedicated to input protection:
Refer to Section User Inputs and Outputs in Chapter Hardware Interface Description, for
descriptions of the internal I/O. If the dedicated feature is turned on, the associated SOP flags
are no longer connected.
See also
User Inputs and Outputs (Page 59)
System Arc Detection (Page 174)
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10.8 Loss of Communication to Keypad
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NEMA Table A
The inverse time algorithms will only work correctly if the proper Max Motor Inertia is used. If
this is known from the manufacturer, enter this value into parameter “Maximum Motor Inertia”
(ID 1159).
If this value is zero, the NXGpro software will attempt to calculate the value based on the “Motor
kW Rating” (1010) and the synchronous speed (based on Motor Frequency (1020) and Full
Load Speed (1030)).
If the values are outside of the range of the NEMA Table 20-1 from NEMA Standard MG-1 in
either HP (kW) or Synchronous Speed, then the maximum value for the synchronous speed
column must be used.
The table below provides the NEMA table values in SI units, converted from lb-ft² to kg-m², for
easier application on the drive. Enter the result into the Maximum Motor Inertia parameter.
The table below was created by converting NEMA Table 20-1 values using the following
calculation:
Table A-1 NEMA Table 20-1 from NEMA Standard MG-1 1993 Part 20.42 converted to SI units, Maximum Load Inertia for
Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors in kg-m²
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Abbreviations B
This appendix contains a list of symbols and abbreviations commonly used throughout this
manual group.
Abbreviation Meaning
• Boolean AND function
+ Addition or Boolean OR function
∑ Summation
µ Microsecond
A Amp, Ampere
AC Alternating Current
accel Acceleration
A/D Analog-to-digital (converter)
AI Analog Input
Alg Analog
AP Advanced protocol for cell communication
avail Available
BTU British thermal units
C Centigrade or Capacitor
cap Capacitor
CCB Cell Control Board
ccw Counter clockwise
CE Formerly European Conformity, now true definition
CFM Cubic Feet per Minute
CLVC Closed Loop Vector Control
cmd Command
com Common
conn Connector
CPS Control Power Supply
CPU Central Processing Unit
CSMC Closed Loop Synchronous Motor Control
CT Current Transformer
cu Cubic
curr, I Current
cw Clockwise
D Derivative (PID), depth
D/A Digital-to-analog (converter)
db Decibel
DC Direct Current
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Abbreviations
Abbreviation Meaning
DCR Digital Control Rack
DCS Distributed Control System
decel Deceleration
deg, ° Degrees
Div Division
dmd Demand
e Error
ELV Extra Low Voltage
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMF Electromotive Force
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EPS Encoder Power Supply
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
ESP Electrical Submersible Pump
ESTOP, e-stop Emergency Stop
fb, fdbk Feedback
ffwd Feed Forward
FLC Full Load Current
freq Frequency
ft, ' Feet
fwd Forward
gnd Ground
GUI Graphical User Interface
H Height
hex Hexadecimal
hist Historic
Hp Horsepower
hr Hour
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning
HVF Harmonic Voltage Factor
Hz Hertz
I Integral (PID)
ID Identification
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
In Input
In, " Inches
INH Inhibit
I/O Input(s)/Output(s)
IOC Instantaneous Overcurrent
IP Input Protection
k 1,000 (e.g., Kohm)
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Abbreviations
Abbreviation Meaning
kHz KiloHertz
kV Kilo Volts
kVA One Thousand Volt Amps
kW Kilowatt
L Inductor
LAN Local Area Network
Lbs Pounds (weight)
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
ld Load
LED Light-emitting Diode
LFR Latch Fault Relay
Lim Limit
LOS Loss Of Signal
lps Liters Per Second
mA Milliamperes
mag Magnetizing
max Maximum
MCC Motor Control Center
Mg Milligram
Min Minimum, Minute
msec Millisecond(S)
Msl Mean Sea Level
MV Medium Voltage
mvlt Motor Voltage
MW Megawatt
NC Normally Closed
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association
No Normally Open
NVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access Memory
NXG Next Generation Control
NXGII Next Generation Control II
NXGpro Next Generation Control pro
OLVC Open Loop Vector Control
O-M Overmodulation
OOS Out of Saturation (IGBT)
overld Overload
P Proportional (PID)
Pa Pascals
pb Push Button
PC Personal Computer or Printed Circuit
PCB Printed Circuit Board
PID Proportional Integral Derivative
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
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Abbreviations
Abbreviation Meaning
PLL Phase Locked Loop
pot Potentiometer
pp Peak-to-peak
ppm Parts per Million
PPR Pulses per Revolution
PQM Power Quality Meter
ProToPS TM
Process Tolerant Protection Strategy
PSDBP Power Spectral Density Break Point
psi Pounds Per Square Inch
pt Point
PT Potential Transformer
PWM Pulse Width Modulation
Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4 Output Transistor Designations
rad Radians
RAM Random Access Memory
ref Reference
rev Reverse, Revolution(S)
RFI Radio Frequency Interference
RLBK Rollback
rms Root-mean-squared
RPM Revolutions Per Minute
RTD Resistance Temperature Detector
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
RX Receive (RS232 Communications)
s Second(s)
SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier
sec Second(s)
ser Serial
SIB System Interface Board
SMC Synchronous Motor Control
SOP Sum of Products; System Operating Program
spd Speed
stab Stability
std Standard
sw Switch
T1, T2 Output Terminals TI and T2
TB Terminal Block
TBD To Be Determined
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
THD Total Harmonic Distortion
TOL Thermal Overload
TP Test Point
trq, τ Torque
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Abbreviations
Abbreviation Meaning
TX Transmit (RS232 Communications)
UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply
V Voltage, Volts
VA Volt-Amperes
VAC Volts AC
var Variable
VDC Volts DC
vel Velocity (speed)
VFD Variable Frequency Drive
V/Hz Volts per Hertz
vlts Voltage(s), Volts
W Width, Watts
WAGO Expansion I/O System (brand name)
xfmr, xformer Transformer
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Glossary
AND
AND is a logical Boolean function whose output is true if all of the inputs are true in SOP
notation, AND is represented as "∗" (e.g., C=A∗B), although sometimes it may be omitted
between operands with the AND operation being implied (e.g., C=AB).
ASCII
ASCII is an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a set of 8-bit
computer codes used for the representation of text.
Baud rate
Baud rate is a measure of the switching speed of a line, representing the number of changes
of state of the line per second. The baud rate of the serial port is selected through the Baud
Rate parameter in the Communications Menu [9].
Bit
Bit is an acronym for BInary digiT. Typically, bits are used to indicate either a true (1) or false
(0) state within the drive’s programming.
Boolean algebra
A form of mathematical rules developed by the mathematician George Boole used in the design
of digital and logic systems.
Carrier frequency
Carrier frequency is the set switching frequency of the power devices (IGBTs) in the power
section of each cell. The carrier frequency is measured in cycles per second (Hz).
CLVC
An acronym for Closed Loop Vector Control, one of the control modes in the drive. This is flux
vector control for an induction machine (IM), utilizing an encoder for speed feedback.
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Glossary
Comparator
A comparator is a device that compares 2 quantities and determines their equality. The
comparator submenus allow the programmer to specify two variables to be compared. The
results of the custom comparison operations can be used in the system program.
Configuration Update
see Tool Suite definition.
Converter
The converter is the component of the drive that changes AC voltage to DC voltage.
CSMC
An acronym for Closed Loop Synchronous Machine (SM) Control, one of the control modes
of the drive. This is a flux vector control for a synchronous machine, utilizing an encoder for
speed feedback and providing a field excitation command for use by an external field exciter.
DC link
The DC link is a large capacitor bank between the converter and inverter section of the drive.
The DC link, along with the converter, establishes the voltage source for the inverter.
De Morgan’s Theorem
The duality principal of Boolean algebra used to convert system logic equations into sum-of-
products notation.
Debug Tool
see Tool Suite definition.
Downloading
Downloading is a process by which information is transmitted from a remote device (such as
a PC) to the drive. The term "downloading" implies the transmission of an entire file of
information (e.g., the system program) rather than continued interactive communications
between the two devices. The use of a PC for downloading requires special serial
communications software to be available on the PC, which may link to the drive via RS232 or
through the Host Simulator via an ethernet connection.
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Glossary
DRCTRY
Directory file for system tokens and flags used in the compilation of system programs. It
provides a direct lookup table of ASCII names to internal ID numbers. It also identifies whether
the flag is a word or bit-field, and also whether it can be used as an input or output only, or can
be used for both.
Drive
The term "drive" refers to the power conversion equipment that converts utility power into power
for a motor in a controlled manner.
ELV
ELV is an acronym for extra low voltage, and represents any voltage not exceeding a limit that
is generally accepted to be 50 VAC and 120 VDC (ripple free).
ESD
ESD is an acronym for ElectroStatic Discharge. ESD is an undesirable electrical side effect
that occurs when static charges build up on a surface and are discharged to another. When
printed circuit boards are involved, impaired operation and component damage are possible
side effects due to the static-sensitive nature of the PC board components. These side effects
may manifest themselves as intermittent problems or total component failures. It is important
to recognize that these effects are cumulative and may not be obvious.
Fault log
Fault messages are saved to memory so that the operator may view them at a later time. This
memory location is called the fault log. The fault log lists both fault and alarm messages, the
date and time that they occurred, and the time and date that they are reset.
Faults
Faults are error conditions that have occurred in the system. The severity of faults vary.
Likewise, the treatment or corrective action for a fault may vary from changing a parameter
value to replacing a hardware component such as a fuse.
Flash Card
Non-volatile memory storage device for the control. It stores the drive program, system
program, logs, parameters, and other related drive files.
FPGA
Field Programmable Gate Array. An FPGA is an integrated circuit that contains thousands of
logic gates.
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Glossary
Function
A function is one of four components found in the menu system. Functions are built-in programs
that perform specific tasks. Examples of functions include System Program Upload/Download
and Display System Program Name.
Harmonics
Harmonics are undesirable AC currents or voltages at integer multiples of the fundamental
frequency. The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency in the wave form (generally the
repetition frequency). Harmonics are present in any non-sinusoidal wave form and cannot
transfer power on average.
Harmonics arise from non-linear loads in which current is not strictly proportional to voltage.
Linear loads like resistors, capacitors, and inductors do not produce harmonics. However, non-
linear devices such as diodes and silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs) do generate harmonic
currents. Harmonics are also found in uninterruptable power supplies (UPSs), rectifiers,
transformers, ballasts, welders, arc furnaces, and personal computers.
Hexadecimal digits
Hexadecimal (or "hex") digits are the "numerals" used to represent numbers in the base 16
(hex) number system. Unlike the more familiar decimal system, which uses the numerals 0
through 9 to make numbers in powers of 10, the base 16 number system uses the numerals
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F to make numbers in powers of 16.
Historic log
The historic log is a troubleshooting/diagnostic tool of the control. The historic log continuously
logs drive status, including the drive state, internal fault words, and multiple user-selectable
variables. This information is sampled every slow loop cycle of the control (typically 450 to 900
times per second). If a fault occurs, the log is frozen a predefined number of samples after the
fault event, and data samples prior to and after the fault condition are recorded to allow post-
fault analysis. The number of samples recorded are user-selectable via the control, as well as
the option to record the historic log within the VFD event log.
Host Simulator
see Tool Suite definition.
I/O
I/O is an acronym for input/output. I/O refers to any and all inputs and outputs connected to a
computer system. Both inputs and outputs can be classified as analog (e.g., input power, drive
output, meter outputs, etc.) or digital (e.g., contact closures or switch inputs, relay outputs,
etc.).
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Glossary
IGBT
IGBT is an acronym for Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors. IGBTs are semiconductors that
are used in the drive to provide reliable, high-speed switching, high-power capabilities,
improved control accuracy, and reduced motor noise.
Induction motor
An induction motor is an AC motor that produces torque by the reaction between a varying
magnetic field (generated in the stator) and the current induced in the coils of the rotor.
Intel hex
Intel hex refers to a file format in which records consist of ASCII format hexadecimal (base 16)
numbers with load address information and error checking embedded.
Inverter
The inverter is a portion of the drive that changes DC voltage into AC voltage. The term
"inverter" is sometimes used mistakenly to refer to the entire drive (the converter, DC link, and
inverter sections).
Jog mode
Jog mode is an operational mode that uses a pre-programmed jog speed when a digital input
(programmed as the jog mode input) is closed.
Jumpers
Jumper blocks are groups of pins that can control functions of the system, based on the state
of the jumpers. Jumpers (small, removable connectors) are either installed (on) or not installed
(off) to provide a hardware switch.
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Glossary
LVD
LVD is an acronym for Low Voltage Directive, a safety directive in the EU.
Lvl RH
This term refers the two security fields associated with each parameter of the system. These
fields allow the operator to individually customize specific security features for each menu
option (submenu, parameter, pick list, and function). These fields are shown in parameter
dumps and have the following meanings. Lvl is the term for the security level. Setting R=1
blocks parameter change, and setting H=1 hides the menu option from view until the
appropriate access level has been activated.
Memory
Memory is the working storage area for the drive that is a collection of RAM chips.
OLTM
An acronym for Open Loop Test Mode, one of the control modes of the drive.
OLVC
An acronym for Open Loop Vector Control, also known as Encoderless Vector Control. OLVC
is a flux vector control that is one of the control modes of the drive. The drive computes the
rotational speed of the rotor and uses it for speed feedback.
OOS
OOS is an abbreviation for out of saturation - a type of fault condition in which a voltage drop
is detected across one of the IGBTs during conduction. This can indicate that the motor is
drawing current too rapidly or in excess.
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Glossary
OR
OR is a logical Boolean function whose output is true if any of the inputs is true. In SOP notation,
OR is represented as "+".
Parameter
A parameter is one of four items found in the menu system. Parameters are system attributes
that have corresponding values that can be monitored or, in some cases, changed by the user.
Pick list
A pick list is one of four items found in the menu system. Pick lists are parameters that have
a finite list of pre-defined "values" from which to choose, rather than a value range used by
parameters.
PID
PID is an acronym for proportional + integral + derivative, a control scheme used to control
modulating equipment in such a way that the control output is based on (1) a proportional
amount of the error between the desired setpoint and the actual feedback value, (2) the
summation of this error over time, and (3) the change in error over time. Output contributions
from each of these three components are combined to create a single output response. The
amount of contribution from each component is programmable through gain parameters. By
optimizing these gain parameters, the operator can "tune" the PID control loop for maximum
efficiency, minimal overshoot, quick response time, and minimal cycling.
Qualified user
A qualified user is a properly trained individual who is familiar with the construction and
operation of the equipment and the hazards involved.
RAM
RAM is an acronym for Random Access Memory, a temporary storage area for drive
information. The information in RAM is lost when power is no longer supplied to it. Therefore,
it is referred to as volatile memory.
Regeneration
Regeneration is the characteristic of an AC motor to act as a generator when the rotor’s
mechanical frequency is greater than the applied electrical frequency.
Relay
A relay is an electrically controlled device that causes electrical contacts to change their status.
Open contacts will close and closed contacts will open when rated voltage is applied to the
coil of a relay.
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Glossary
RS232C
RS232C is a serial communications standard of the Electronics Industries Association (EIA).
Set point
Set point is the desired or optimal speed of the VFD to maintain process levels (speed
command).
Slip
Slip is the difference between the stator electrical frequency of the motor and the rotor
mechanical frequency of the motor, normalized to the stator frequency as shown in the
following equation:
Slip = (ωS - ωR) / ωS
Slip compensation
Slip compensation is a method of increasing the speed reference to the speed regulator circuit
(based on the motor torque) to maintain motor speed as the load on the motor changes. The
slip compensation circuit increases the frequency at which the inverter section is controlled to
compensate for decreased speed due to load droop. For example, a motor with a full load
speed of 1760 rpm has a slip of 40 rpm. The no load rpm would be 1800 rpm. If the motor
nameplate current is 100 A, the drive is sending a 60 Hz wave form to the motor (fully loaded);
then the slip compensation circuit would cause the inverter to run 1.33 Hz faster to allow the
motor to operate at 1800 rpm, which is the synchronous speed of the motor.
SMC
Is an acronym for Synchronous Motor Control, one of the control modes of the drive. This mode
computes the rotational speed similarly to open-loop vector control, and controls the field
reference or the synchronous motor as in closed-loop synchronous motor control.
SOP Utilities
The program within the Siemens Tool suite used for converting between text and machine
loadable code. It can also be used for uploading and downloading files over the RS232
connection.
See Tool Suite definition.
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Glossary
Stop mode
Stop mode is used to shut down the drive in a controlled manner, regardless of its current
state.
Submenus
A submenu is one of four components found in the menu system. Submenus are nested menus
(i.e., menus within other menus). Submenus are used to logically group menu items based on
similar functionality or use.
Synchronous speed
Synchronous speed refers to the speed of an AC induction motor’s rotating magnetic field. It
is determined by the frequency applied to the stator and the number of magnetic poles present
in each phase of the stator windings. Synchronous Speed equals 120 times the applied
Frequency (in Hz) divided by the number of poles per phase.
Tool Suite
Is the suite of programs developed by Siemens that allows easier access to the drive for
programming and monitoring. It is comprised of the following components:
● Tool Suite Launcher - also referred to as Tool Suite; used for coordinating other tools.
● SOP Utilities - used to launch an editor that compiles or reverse compiles a System
Program. It also allows for serial connection to the drive for uploading and downloading
System Programs.
● Configuration Update - allows for backing-up, updating, and cloning drives via direct access
to the Flash Disk.
● Host Simulator - used for monitoring, programming, and controlling a drive remotely from
a PC over the built-in ethernet port of the drive. Parameter changes, status display, and
graphing of internal variables are its main functions.
● Debug Tool - this tool is used to display the diagnostic screens of the drive for diagnosing
drive problems or improving performance via the built-in ethernet port of the drive.
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Glossary
Torque
The force that produces (or attempts to produce) rotation, as in the case of a motor.
Uploading
Uploading is a process by which information is transmitted from the drive to a remote device
such as a PC. The term uploading implies the transmission of an entire file of information (e.g.,
the system program) rather than continued interactive communications between the two
devices. The use of a PC for uploading requires communications software to be available on
the PC.
VHZ
Is an acronym for Volts per Hertz control, one of the control modes in the drive. This mode is
intended for multiple motors connected in parallel. Therefore, it disables spinning load and fast
bypass. This is essentially open-loop vector control with de-tuned (smaller bandwidth obtained
by reducing the gain) current regulators.
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Index
cell current overload setting, 178
parameter, 178
A cell fault, 57
cell trip, 57
abbreviations, 369
closed loop vector control, 44, 58
Advanced Protocol, 21
command generator, 179, 210, 358
cell faults, 349
analog input sources, 180
alarm, 191, 307, 308
set point sources, 182
cell, 343
Commissioning, 23
troubleshooting, 307
communication interfaces, 298
alarm/fault log, 256, 279
Communications Menu, 141
analog input sources, 180
Serial Port Setup Menu, 142
analog inputs/outputs, 63, 65
SOP and Serial Functions Menu, 142
analog testpoint, 101
TCP/IP Setup Menu, 143
Arcing, 26
communications protocol, 213
Asynchronous motors, 23
configuration update tool, 363
Auto Menu, 117
Control Loops, 51
Analog Input Menu, 118
control modes, 209
Analog Output Menu, 124
summary, 40
Incremental Speed Setup Menu, 126
Control Overview, 19
PID Select Menu, 126
control signals, 149
Speed Profile Menu, 117
frame of reference, 149
Speed Setpoint Menu, 125
control system
automatic mode, 256, 279
NXGpro, 32
Auto-tuning, 82, 186
critical speed avoidance, 182
motor equivalent circuit parameters, 186
parameter, 183
spinning of the motor, 188
Current Limit Profile, 84
Stage 1, 115, 187
Current Loop, 51
Stage 2, 43, 82, 115, 187
Auxiliary Inputs, 122
Auxiliary power supply, 23
available networks, 298
D
data
motor related, 203
B data loggers, 189
DC injection braking, 198
braking torque, 202
dedicated I/O, 66
Dedicated I/O, 66, 67
DFB
C Dual-frequency braking, 199
cables Limitations, 202
drive base impedance, 244 digital control rack
inductance compensation, 245 fiber optic board, 33, 35
long, 207, 244 main control board, 33, 35
parameter, 245 single board computer, 33
reflections, 208 digital I/O, 65
shielded output, 207 digital inputs/outputs, 63
Cabling, 23 down transfer
cell control board, 356 induction motor, 211
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Index
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Index
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Index
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Index
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Index
modes, 40
motor model, 37
velocity demand, 257, 280
voltage attenuator resistors, 206
electrical hazard, 206
supported voltages, 207
Volts/hertz control, 44
W
WAGO, 357
timeout, 96
WAGO I/O system, 63
Watchdog Menu, 110
watchdog protection
CPU watchdog, 50
I/O watchdog, 50
Input breaker watchdog, 51
M1 Permit watchdog, 51
Modulator watchdog, 51
parameter, 50
waveforms, 160
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Index
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