Training and Development

By
Prof S R SATHYANARAYANAN
Content
Learning Process
Determining Learning Objectives
Learning – General Perspectives
• To learn is to acquire knowledge or skill.
• Involve a change in attitude or behavior
• Different Age:
• Children learn to identify objects
• teenagers may learn to improve their habits
• adults can learn to solve complex problems
• T & D designers need some learning theory
• Professional instructors - theoretical basis from which to operate
•
Holistic Approach to Learning
• The 70/20/10 Formula
• 70% from real-life and on-the-job experiences, tasks, and problem solving.
• 20% from feedback and from observing and working with role models
• 10% from formal training.
Definition of Learning
• According to Stephen Robbins, learning may be defined as any
relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of
experience. The present definition of learning has several
components that deserve clarification:
1. Learning Involves Change
2. The Change Should be Relatively Permanent
3. Learning Involves Change in Behavior
• Learning may be explained by a combination of two basic approaches:
behaviorism and the cognitive theories
Behaviorism
Cognitive Theory
Combined Approach
Perceptions
• Perceiving involves more than the reception of stimuli from the five senses.
•
Factors Which Affect Perception
➢ Physical organism
➢ Basic need
➢ Goals and values
➢ Self-concept
➢ Time and opportunity
➢ Element of threat
•
Insight
• Insight involves the grouping of perceptions into meaningful wholes.

Motivation
Motivation is probably the dominant force which governs the student’s
progress and ability to learn.
Motivation may be negative or positive, tangible or intangible, subtle
and difficult to identify, or it may be obvious.
Various Theories of Learning
• (1) Pedagogy and Andragogy
• (2) Sensory Stimulation Theory
• (3) Reinforcement Theory
• (4) Learning Facilitation

Experiential Learning
Kolb proposed a four-stage learning process with a model that is often referred to
in describing experiential learning.
➢ Through concrete experience
➢ Through observation and reflection
➢ Through abstract conceptualization
➢ Through active experimentation
•
• Any Questions
Thank You