Exercise 3.

4 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 3.0

Integration by Parts x2 x2 1
If u and v are function of x , then I = ln x ⋅ − ∫ ⋅ dx
2 2 x
∫ uv dx = u ∫ vdx − ∫ ( ∫ vdx ) ⋅ u′ dx x 2
1
= ln x − ∫ x dx
2 2
Question # 1 2
Evaluate the following integrals by u = x x 1 x2
= ln x − ⋅ + c
parts add a word representing all v = sin x 2 2 2
2
=  ln x −  + c
the functions are defined. x 1
(i) ∫ x sin x dx (ii) ∫ ln x dx 2 2

∫ x ln x dx ∫ x ln x dx
2
(iii) (iv) (iv) Do yourself
(v) ∫ x 3 ln x dx (vi) ∫ x 4 ln x dx
(v) Do yourself
(vii) ∫ tan −1 x dx (viii) ∫ x sin x dx
2

(vi) Do yourself
(ix) ∫ x 2 tan −1 x dx (x) ∫ x tan x dx −1

(xi) ∫ x 3 tan −1 x dx (xii) ∫ x cos x dx

3
(vii) Let I = ∫ tan −1 x dx
(xiii) ∫ sin −1 x dx (xiv) ∫ x sin −1 x dx u = tan −1 x
= ∫ tan −1 x ⋅1 dx
v =1
(xv) ∫ e x sin x cos x dx (xvi) ∫ x sin x cos x dx Integrating by parts
1
(xvii) ∫ x cos 2 x dx (xviii) ∫ x sin x dx 2
I = tan −1 x ⋅ x − ∫ x ⋅ dx
1 + x2
(xix) ∫ (ln x) dx 2
(xx) ∫ ln(tan x) sec xdx 2
1 2x
= x tan −1 x − ∫ dx
x sin −1 x 2 1 + x2
(xxi) ∫ 1 − x2
dx d
(1 + x 2 )
1
Solution = x tan −1 x − ∫ dx dx
2 1 + x2
(i) Let I = ∫ x sin x dx 1
= x tan −1 x − ln 1 + x 2 + c
Integration by parts 2
I = x ⋅ (− cos x) − ∫ (− cos x) ⋅ (1) dx
(viii) Let I = ∫ x 2 sin x dx u = x2
= − x cos x + ∫ cos x dx
Integrating by parts v = sin x
= − x cos x + sin x + c
I = x 2 (− cos x) − ∫ (− cos x) ⋅ 2 x dx
(ii) Let I = ∫ ln x dx = − x 2 cos x + 2 ∫ x cos x dx u=x
u = ln x v = cos x
= ∫ ln x ⋅1 dx v =1 Again integrating by parts
Integrating by parts (
I = − x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x − ∫ sin x (1) dx )
1 = − x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x − 2(− cos x) + c
I = ln x ⋅ x − ∫ x ⋅ dx
x = − x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x + 2 cos x + c
= x ln x − ∫ dx
(ix) Let I = ∫ x 2 tan −1 x dx u = tan −1 x
= x ln x − x + c
Integrating by parts v = x2
(iii) Let I = ∫ x ln x dx x3 x3 1
I = tan −1 x ⋅ − ∫ ⋅ dx
u = ln x 3 3 1 + x2
Integrating by parts v=x
x3 1 x3
= tan −1 x − ∫ dx
3 3 1 + x2
FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 2

x3 x4 1 x3 1
= tan −1 x − ∫  x −
1 x  −1 1
= tan x − + x − tan −1 x + c
3  1 + x 2 
dx
3 4 4 3 4 4
4 3
x3 1 1 x x x 1 1
= tan −1 x − ∫ x dx + − ∫ dx = tan −1 x − + x − tan −1 x + c
3 3 3 1 + x2 4 12 4 4
x3 1 x2 1 1 2x
= tan x − ⋅ + − ⋅ ∫
−1
dx (xii) Do yourself as Question # 1(viii).
3 3 2 3 2 1 + x2
d 2
(xiii) I = ∫ sin −1 x dx
x3 x2 1 dx (1 + x ) u = sin −1 x
= tan x − + − ∫
−1
dx v =1
3 6 6 1 + x2 = ∫ sin −1 x ⋅1 dx
u = x3
x3 −1 x2 1 Integrating by parts
= tan x − + − ln 1 + x 2 + c
3 6 6 1
I = sin −1 x ⋅ x − ∫ x ⋅ dx
1 − x2
(x) Let I = ∫ x tan −1 x dx 1
−
Integrating by parts u = tan −1 x = x sin −1 x − ∫ (1 − x 2 ) 2 ( x) dx
v=x
x2 x2 1 1 1
I = tan −1 x − ∫ ⋅ 2 −2
2∫
dx = x sin −1 x + (1 − x ) (−2 x) dx
2 2 1 + x2
x2 1 x2 1 −
1
d
= tan −1 x − ∫ dx = x sin −1 x + ∫ (1 − x 2 ) 2 (1 − x 2 ) dx
2 2 1 + x2 2 dx
1
x2 1 1 + x2 − 1 − +1
= tan −1 x − ∫ dx −1 1 (1 − x 2 ) 2
2 2 1 + x2 = x sin x + +c
2 1
x2 1  1 + x2 1  − +1
= tan −1 x − ∫  −  dx
2
2 2  1 + x 1 + x2
2
 1
−1 1 (1 − x 2 ) 2
x2 1  1  = x sin x + +c
= tan −1 x − ∫  1 −
2  1 + x 2 
dx 2 1
2 2
= x sin −1 x + 1 − x 2 + c
x2 1 1 1
= tan −1 x − ∫ dx + ∫ dx
2 2 2 1 + x2 (xiv) Let I = ∫ x sin −1 x dx
x2 1 1
= tan −1 x − x + tan −1 x + c Ans. Integrating by parts
2 2 2
x2 x2 1
I = sin −1 x ⋅ −∫ ⋅ dx
2 2 1 − x2
(xi) Let I = ∫ x3 tan −1 x dx
u = tan −1 x x2 1 − x2
Integrating by parts v = x3 = sin −1 x + ∫ dx
2 2 1 − x2
x4 x4 1 x2 − 1
I = tan −1 x ⋅ − ∫ ⋅ dx
4 4 1 + x2 x2 1 1 − x2 −1
4 4
1 + x2 x4 = sin −1 x + ∫ dx
x 1 x 2 2 1 − x2
= tan −1 x − − ∫ dx x4 + x2
4 4 1 + x2 − −
x2 1  1 − x2 1 
x 4
−x 2 = sin −1 x + ∫  −  dx
= tan −1 x 2 2  1 − x2 1 − x2

4 −1 − x2
+ +
1  2 1  x 2
1  1 
− ∫  x −1+  dx 1 = sin −1 x + ∫  1 − x 2 −  dx
4  1 + x2  2 2  2
1− x 
x4 1 1 1 1 x 2
1 1 1
= tan −1 x − ∫ x 2 dx + ∫ dx − ∫ dx = sin −1 x + ∫ 1 − x 2 dx − ∫ dx
4 4 4 4 1 + x2 2 2 2 1 − x2

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 FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 3

x2 1 1
⇒ I = sin −1 x + I1 − sin −1 x ….. (i) 1
2 2 2 1 x sin 2 x 1 
=− e cos 2 x +  e x ⋅ − ∫ e x sin 2 x 
Where I1 = ∫ 1 − x 2 dx 4 4 2 2 
Put x = sin θ ⇒ dx = cos θ dθ 1 x 1 sin 2 x 
=− e cos 2 x +  e x ⋅ −I +c
4 4 2 
⇒ I1 = ∫ 1 − sin 2 θ cos θ dθ
1 x 1 1
=− e cos 2 x + e x sin 2 x − I + c
= ∫ cos θ cos θ dθ
2 4 8 4
1 1 1
 1 + cos 2θ  ⇒ I + I = − e x cos 2 x + e x sin 2 x + c
= ∫ cos 2 θ dθ = ∫   dθ 4 4 8
 2  5 1 1
1 ⇒ I = − e x cos 2 x + e x sin 2 x + c
= ∫ (1 + cos 2θ ) dθ 4 4 8
2 1 1 4
1 sin 2θ  ⇒ I = − e x cos 2 x + e x sin 2 x + c
= θ + +c 5 10 5
2 2 
1 2sin θ cos θ  (xvi) Let I = ∫ x sin x cos x dx
= θ +  + c
2 2 1
2∫
1 = x ⋅ 2sin x cos x dx
=  θ + sin θ 1 − sin 2 θ  + c u=x
2  1
= ∫ x ⋅ sin 2 x dx v = sin 2 x
1
=  sin −1 x + x 1 − x 2  + c 2
2  Integrating by parts
Using value of I1 in (i) 1   − cos 2 x   − cos 2 x  
I = x  − ∫  (1)dx 
x2 1 1  2  2   2  
I=
2 2 2 (
sin −1 x +  sin −1 x + x 1 − x 2 + c 

)
1 (xvii)Let I = ∫ x cos 2 x dx
− sin −1 x
2  1 + cos 2 x 
x 2
1 1 1 = ∫ x  dx
= sin −1 x + sin −1 x + x 1 − x 2 + c  2 
2 4 4 2
1
1 = ∫ x (1 + cos 2 x ) dx
− sin −1 x 2 u=x
2
1 1 v = cos 2 x
x 2
1 1 1 = ∫ x dx + ∫ x cos 2 xdx
⇒ I = sin −1 x − sin −1 x + x 1 − x 2 + c 2 2
2 4 4 2 2
= ⋅ +  x ⋅ (1)dx 
1 x 1 sin 2 x sin 2 x
−∫
2 2 2 2 2 
(xv) Let I = ∫ e x sin x cos x dx
x2 1 1
1 = + x ⋅ sin 2 x − ∫ sin 2 x dx
= ∫ e x ⋅ 2sin x cos x dx 4 4 4
2 2
= + x ⋅ sin 2 x − 
x 1 1 − cos 2 x 
1 x
= ∫ e sin 2 x dx ∵ sin 2 x = 2 sin x cos x 4 +c
2
4 4 2 
Integrating by parts x2 1 1
= + x ⋅ sin 2 x + cos 2 x + c
1  − cos 2 x − cos 2 x x  4 4 8
I = e x ⋅ −∫ ⋅ e dx 
2 2 2 
1 x 1 x (xviii) Let I = ∫ x sin 2 x dx
= − e cos 2 x + ∫ e cos 2 x dx
4 4
Again integrating by parts
1 1 sin 2 x sin 2 x x 
I = − e x cos 2 x +  e x ⋅ −∫ e 
4 4 2 2 

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FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 4

Integrating by parts
 1 − cos 2 x  
= ∫ x
1
 dx
− +1
 2  1  −1 (1 − x 2 ) 2
I = − sin x ⋅
2 1
1
= ∫ x (1 − cos 2 x ) dx  − +1
2
2 1 
− +1
1 1 u=x (1 − x 2 ) 2 1 
= ∫ x dx − ∫ x cos 2 x dx v = cos 2 x −∫ ⋅ dx 
2 2 1 1− x 2
Integrating by parts − +1
2 
1 x2 1  sin 2 x sin 2 x  
I= −  x⋅ −∫ .(1) dx  1
2 2 2 2 2  1  −1 (1 − x 2 ) 2
= − sin x ⋅
x 2
1 1 2 1
= − x sin 2 x + ∫ sin 2 x dx  2
4 4 4
1 
x2 1 1  − cos 2 x  (1 − x 2 ) 2 1 
= − x sin 2 x +  +c −∫ ⋅ dx 
4 4 4 2  1 2
1− x 
x2 1 1 2
= − x sin 2 x − cos 2 x + c
4 4 8 1 1

= −  2(1 − x 2 ) 2 sin −1 x − 2 ∫ dx 
2 
(xix) Let I = ∫ (ln x) 2 dx
u = ( ln x )
2
= − 1 − x 2 sin −1 x + ∫ dx
= ∫ ( ln x ) ⋅1 dx
2
v =1
= − 1 − x 2 sin −1 x + x + c
Integrating by parts
1 = x − 1 − x 2 sin −1 x + c
I = ( ln x ) ⋅ x − ∫ x ⋅ 2 ( ln x ) ⋅ dx
2

x Question # 2
= x ( ln x ) − 2 ∫ ( ln x ) dx
2
Evaluate the following integrals.
Again integrating by parts (i) ∫ tan 4 xdx (ii) ∫ sec 4 x dx
 
1
∫ e sin 2 x cos x dx (iv) ∫ tan 3 x ⋅ sec x dx
x
I = x ( ln x ) − 2  ln x ⋅ x − ∫ x ⋅ dx  (iii)
2

 x 
(iv) ∫ tan x ⋅ sec x dx
3
(v) ∫ x e dx
3 5x

= x ( ln x ) − 2 x ln x + 2∫ dx
2

2
(vi) ∫ e sin 2 x dx
−x
(vii) ∫ e 2 x ⋅ cos 3 x dx
= x ( ln x ) − 2 x ln x + 2 x + c
(viii) ∫ cosec3 x dx

(xx) Let I = ∫ ln(tan x) sec 2 x dx Solution

(i) Let I = ∫ tan 4 xdx
Integrating by parts
1 = ∫ tan 2 x ⋅ tan 2 x dx
I = ln(tan x) ⋅ tan x − ∫ tan x ⋅ ⋅ sec 2 x dx
tan x
= ∫ tan 2 x ( sec 2 x − 1) dx
= tan x ln ( tan x ) − ∫ sec 2 x dx
= ∫ ( tan 2 x sec2 x − tan 2 x ) dx
= tan x ln ( tan x ) − tan x + c
= ∫ tan 2 x sec2 x dx − ∫ tan 2 x dx
x sin −1 x = ∫ tan 2 x
d
(tan x) dx − ∫ (sec 2 x − 1) dx
(xxi) Let I = ∫ dx −1
1− x 2 u = sin x dx
1
−
v = (1 − x 2 ) 2 ( − 2 x ) tan 2 +1 x
= ∫ sin x ⋅
−1 1
( x) dx = − ∫ sec2 x dx + ∫ dx
2 +1
1 − x2 1
1 −
1 = tan 3 x − tan x + x + c
= − ∫ sin −1 x ⋅ (1 − x 2 ) 2 (−2 x) dx 3
2

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 FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 5

Again integrating by parts

(ii) Let I = ∫ sec x dx4
1 3 e5 x e5 x 
I = x 3 e5 x −  x 2 ⋅ −∫ ⋅ 2 x dx 
5 5 5 5 
= ∫ (sec 2 x) ⋅ (sec2 x) dx
1 3 5x 3 2 5x 6
= ∫ (1 + tan 2 x) ⋅ (sec 2 x) dx = x e − x e + ∫ x e5 x dx
5 25 25
= ∫ sec2 x dx + ∫ tan 2 x sec2 x dx Again integrating by parts
1 3
d I = x 3 e5 x − x 2 e 5 x
= tan x + ∫ (tan x) 2 (tan x) dx 5 25
dx 6  e5 x e5 x 
+  x⋅ −∫ ⋅ (1)dx 
tan 3 x 25  5 5 
= tan x + +c
3
1 3 5x 3 2 5x 6 6
125 ∫
= xe − xe + xe5 x − e5 x dx
5 25 125
(iii) Let I = ∫ e x sin 2 x cos x dx
1 3 6 6 e5 x
= x 3e 5 x − x 2 e 5 x + xe5 x − ⋅ +c
1 x 5 25 125 125 5
2∫
= e ( 2sin 2 x cos x ) dx
e5 x  3 3 2 6 6 
=  x − x + x− +c
1
= ∫ e x ( sin(2 x + x) + sin(2 x − x) ) dx 5  5 25 125 
2
1 x
= ∫ e ( sin 3 x + sin x ) dx (vi) Let I = ∫ e − x sin 2 x dx
2 u = e− x
1 1 Integrating by parts v = sin 2 x
= ∫ e x sin 3x dx + ∫ e x sin x dx
2 2
1 1 − cos 2 x − cos 2 x − x
= I1 + I 2 ………. (i) I = e− x ⋅ −∫ ⋅ e (−1) dx
2 2 2 2
Where I1 = ∫ e sin 3 x dx and I 2 = ∫ e x sin x dx
x

1 1
Solve I1 and I 2 as in Q # 1(xv) and put value of = − e− x cos 2 x − ∫ e − x cos 2 x dx
2 2
I1 and I 2 in (i). Again integrating by parts
I = − e − x cos 2 x − e − x ⋅
1 1 sin 2 x
(iv) I = ∫ tan 3 x ⋅ sec x dx 2 2 2
−∫
sin 2 x − x
⋅ e (−1) dx  
= ∫ tan 2 x ⋅ tan x ⋅ sec x dx 2 
= ∫ ( sec 2 x − 1) ⋅ sec x tan x dx 1 1 1
= − e− x cos 2 x − e − x sin 2 x − ∫ e− x sin 2 x dx
Put t = sec x ⇒ dt = sec x tan x dx
2 4 4
1 −x 1 −x 1
So I = ∫ ( t 2 − 1) dt ⇒ I = − e cos 2 x − e sin 2 x − I + c
2 4 4
t3 1 1 1
= −t + c ⇒ I + I = − e − x cos 2 x − e− x sin 2 x + c
3 4 2 4
sec3 x 5 1 1
= − sec+ c ⇒ I = − e− x cos 2 x − e− x sin 2 x + c
3 4 2 4
2 −x 1 −x 4
⇒ I = − e cos 2 x − e sin 2 x + c
5 5 5
(v) Let I = ∫ x3e5 x dx u = x3
1 4
Integrating by parts v = ex = − e− x ( 2 cos 2 x + sin 2 x ) + c
5 5
e5 x e5 x
I = x3 ⋅ −∫ ⋅ 3 x 2 dx
5 5 (vii) Do yourself as above
1 3 2
= x 3e5 x − ∫ x 2 e5 x dx u=x
5 5 v = ex (viii) I = ∫ cosec3 x dx
u = cosec x
v = cosec 2 x

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FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 6

= ∫ cosec x ⋅ cosec 2 x dx ⇒ a 2 + b 2 = r 2 (1) ⇒ r = a 2 + b 2

Integrating by parts Also
I = csc x ( − cot x ) i ∫ ( − cot x )( − csc x cot x ) dx b r sin θ
= ⇒
b
= tan θ
a r cos θ a
= − cosec x cot x − ∫ cosec x cot 2 x dx b
⇒ θ = tan −1
(
= − cosec x cot x − ∫ cosec x cosec 2 x − 1 dx ) So
a

(
= − cosec x cot x − ∫ cosec3 x − cosec x dx ) ( )
b 2 + a 2 I = e ax ( r cos θ sin bx − r sin θ cos bx )
= − cosec x cot x − ∫ cosec x dx + ∫ cosec x dx
3 + b 2c1
= − cosec x cot x − I + ln cosec x − cot x + c (b 2
)
+ a 2 I = e ax r ( sin bx cos θ − cos bx sin θ )
⇒ I + I = − cosec x cot x + ln cosec x − cot x + c + b 2c1

⇒ 2 I = − cosec x cot x + ln cosec x − cot x + c ⇒ (a 2

)
+ b 2 I = eax r sin ( bx − θ ) + b 2 c1
1 1 1 Putting value of r and θ
⇒ I = − csc x cot x + ln csc x − cot x + c
2 2 2  b
(a 2
)
+ b 2 I = e ax a 2 + b 2 sin  bx − tan −1  + b 2 c1
 a
Question # 3
Show that a 2 + b 2 ax  bx − tan −1 b  + b
2
⇒I=  a  a 2 + b 2 1
e sin c
1  −1 b  (a 2 + b 2 ) 
∫ e sin bx dx = a 2 + b2 e sin  bx − tan a  + c
ax ax

1  b
Solution ⇒ I= e ax sin  bx − tan −1  + c
2
a +b 2  a
Let I = ∫ eax sin bx dx u = e ax
v = sin bx b2
Where c = 2 c1
Integrating by parts a + b2
 cos bx   cos bx  ax Question # 4
b  ∫ 
I = e ax  − − − ⋅ e (a ) dx
 b  Evaluate the following indefinite integrals.
∫ a 2 − x 2 dx ∫ x − a dx
2 2
e ax cos bx a ax (i) (ii)
=− + ∫ e cos bx dx
b b
∫ 4 − 5 x 2 dx ∫ 3 − 4 x dx
2
Again integrating by parts (iii) (iv)
eax cos bx a  ax sin bx
⋅ e a dx  ∫ ∫ x e dx
2 ax
I =− + e −∫
sin bx ax (v) x 2 + 4 dx (vi)
b b b b  Solution
ax 2 (i) Let I = ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx u = a 2 − x2
e cos bx a ax a
=− + 2 e sin bx − 2 ∫ e ax sin bx dx v =1
b b b = ∫ a 2 − x 2 ⋅1 dx
e ax cos bx a ax a2 Integrating by parts
=− + 2 e sin bx − 2 I + c1
b b b 1 2 −
1

a2 e ax cos bx a ax
I = a2 − x2 ⋅ x − ∫ x ⋅
2 ( )
a − x 2 2 ⋅ ( −2 x ) dx
⇒ I+ I = − + 2 e sin bx + c1
b2 b b − x2
= x a 2 − x2 − ∫ dx
b +a 
2 2
e ax 1
⇒ 
 b
2  I = 2 ( −b cos bx + a sin bx ) + c1
 b
( 2
a −x 2 2
)
a 2 − x2 − a2
⇒ (b 2
)
+ a 2 I = eax ( a sin bx − b cos bx ) + b 2 c1 = x a 2 − x2 − ∫ 1
dx
Put a = r cos θ & b = r sin θ (a 2
−x 2 2
)
Squaring and adding
(
a 2 + b 2 = r 2 cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ )

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 FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 7

  ⇒ 2 I = x x 2 − a 2 − a 2 ln x + x 2 − a 2 + c
 a2 − x2 a2 
= x a −x −∫ 
2 2
− 1 
dx
 a2 − x2 2
1
2 2  1 a2 1
 ( 2
) (
a −x
 ) ⇒ I = x x − a − ln x + x 2 − a 2 + c
2
2 2
2 2
2
a
= x a 2 − x 2 − ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx + ∫ dx
a − x2
2 (iii) Let I = ∫ 4 − 5 x 2 dx
1 = ∫ 4 − 5 x 2 ⋅1 dx
⇒ I = x a2 − x2 − I + a2 ∫ dx
a − x2
2
Integrating by parts
x
⇒ I + I = x a 2 − x 2 + a 2 Sin −1 + c
a 1 −
1

x I = 4 − 5 x 2 ⋅ x − ∫ x ⋅ (4 − 5 x 2 ) 2 ⋅ (−10 x) dx
⇒ 2 I = x a 2 − x 2 + a 2 Sin −1 + c 2
a
−5 x 2
1 1 x 1 = 4 − 5x2 ⋅ x − ∫ dx
⇒ I = x a 2 − x 2 + a 2 Sin −1 + c (4 − 5 x 2 )
2 2 a 2
Review 4 − 5x2 − 4
= 4 − 5x2 ⋅ x − ∫ dx
• ∫
dx
= ln x + x 2 − a 2 + c (4 − 5 x 2 )
2 2
x −a  
 4 − 5x2 4  dx
• ∫
dx
= ln x + x 2 + a 2 + c = 4 − 5x ⋅ x − ∫
2
−
 1 1 
2
x +a 2 2 2
 (4 − 5 x ) (4 − 5 x 2 ) 2 
 1 
(ii)Let I = ∫ x 2 − a 2 dx u = x2 − a2 
= 4 − 5 x ⋅ x − ∫ (4 − 5 x ) −
2 2 2 4  dx
 1 
2 2 
v =1  (4 − 5 x ) 
= ∫ x 2 − a 2 ⋅1 dx
Integrating by parts
1
1 −
1 = 4 − 5 x 2 ⋅ x − ∫ 4 − 5 x 2 dx + 4∫ dx
I = x − a ⋅ x − ∫ x ⋅ x2 − a2
2 2
2 ( ) 2
⋅ ( 2 x ) dx 4 − 5x2
1
x2 ⇒ I = 4 − 5 x 2 ⋅ x − I + 4∫ dx
= x x2 − a2 − ∫ 1
dx  4 2
5 − x 
2
(
x −a 2 2
) 5 
x2 − a2 + a2 1
= x x2 − a2 − ∫ dx ⇒ I + I = 4 − 5 x 2 ⋅ x + 4∫ dx
1 4 2
(x 2
−a 2 2
) 5
5
−x

  4 1
 x2 − a2 a2 
⇒ 2I = 4 − 5x2 ⋅ x +
5
∫ 2
dx
= x x −a −∫ 
2 2
+ 1 
dx  2  2
 −x
1
 x2 − a2 2 2 2  
 ( 2
) (
x −a
 )  5
a 2 4  x 
= x x 2 − a 2 − ∫ x 2 − a 2 dx − ∫ dx = 4 − 5x2 ⋅ x + Sin −1   + c1
x − a2
2 5 2 5
1 dx x
⇒ I = x x2 − a 2 − I − a2 ∫ dx ∵
a2 − x2
∫ = Sin −1
a
x − a2
2

⇒ I + I = x x 2 − a 2 − a 2 ln x + x 2 − a 2 + c x 4  5x 1
⇒ I= 4 − 5x2 + Sin −1   + c1
2 2 5  2  2
dx
∵ ∫ 2
x −a 2
= ln x + x 2 − a 2 + c

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FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 8

 5x  1
=
x
4 − 5x2 +
2
Sin −1  +c = ∫ e x  ln x +  dx
2  x
5  2 
1
1 Put f ( x) = ln x ⇒ f ′( x) =
Where c = c x
2 1
So I = ∫ e x ( f ( x) + f ′( x) ) dx
(iv) Same as above.
= e x f ( x) + c = e x ln x + c
(v) Same as Q # 4(ii)
dx (ii) Let I = ∫ e x ( cos x + sin x ) dx
Use ∫ = ln x + x 2 + 4 + c
2
x +4 = ∫ e x ( sin x + cos x ) dx
Put f ( x) = sin x ⇒ f ′( x) = cos x
(vi) Do yourself as Question # 2(v)
So I = ∫ e x
( f ( x) + f ′( x) ) dx
Important Formula
d ax d d = e x f ( x) + c
Since
dx
(
e f ( x) = e ax
dx
)
f ( x) + f ( x) e ax
dx = e x sin x + c
= eax f ′( x) + f ( x) ⋅ e ax (a )
= eax [ a f ( x) + f ′( x) ]  1 
(iii) Let I = ∫ eax  a sec−1 x +  dx
On integrating 2
 x x − 1 
d ax
( )
∫ dx e f ( x) dx = ∫ e [ a f ( x) + f ′( x) ] dx
ax
Put f ( x) = sec−1 x ⇒ f ′( x) =
1
x x2 − 1
⇒ e ax f ( x) = ∫ e ax [ a f ( x) + f ′( x) ] dx
So I = ∫ eax [ a f ( x) + f ′( x) ] dx
⇒ ∫ e [ a f ( x) + f ′( x) ] dx = e f ( x) + c
ax ax
= eax f ( x) + c
Question # 5 = eax sec −1 x + c
Evaluate the following integrals.
1   3sin x − cos x 
(i) ∫ e x  + ln x  dx (ii) ∫ e x ( cos x + sin x ) dx (iv) Let I = ∫ e3 x   dx
 x   sin 2 x 
 1   3sin x cos x 
(iii) ∫ e ax  a sec −1 x +  dx = ∫ e3 x  2 − 2  dx
 x x2 −1   sin x sin x 
 1 cos x 
(iv) ∫ e3 x 
 3sin x − cos x  = ∫ e3 x  3 −  dx
 dx  sin x sin x ⋅ sin x 
 sin 2 x 
xe x xe x = ∫ e3 x ( 3csc x − csc x cot x ) dx
(v) ∫ dx (vi) ∫ (1 + x )2 dx
(1 + x )
2 Put f ( x) = csc x ⇒ f ′( x) = − csc x cot x

(vii) ∫ e − x ( cos x − sin x ) dx ⇒ I = ∫ e3 x ( 3 f ( x) + f ′( x) ) dx

m tan −1 x = e3 x f ( x ) + c
e 2x
(viii) ∫ 2
dx (ix) ∫ dx = e3 x csc x + c
1+ x 1 − sin x
e x (1 + x)  1 − sin x  x
(x) ∫ 2
dx (xi) ∫   e dx (v) Let I = ∫ e2 x ( − sin x + 2 cos x ) dx
(2 + x)  1 − cos x 
Solution = ∫ e 2 x ( 2 cos x − sin x ) dx
1  ⇒ f ′( x) = − sin x
(i) Let I = ∫ e x  + ln x  dx Put f ( x) = cos x
x  So I = ∫ e 2x
( 2 f ( x) + f ′( x) ) dx

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 FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 9

= e2 x f ( x) + c Let I = ∫ tan x dx
2x
= e cos x + c sin x
=∫ dx
cos x
xe x Put t = cos x ⇒ dt = − sin x dx
(vi) Let I = ∫ dx
(1 + x )
2 ⇒ − dt = sin x dx
− dt dt
(1 + x − 1)e x So I = ∫ = −∫
=∫ dx t t
(1 + x)2 = − ln t + c
 1+ x 1 
= ∫ ex  2
− 2
dx = − ln cos x + c
 (1 + x) (1 + x)  −1
= ln cos x +c ∵ m ln x = ln x m
 1 1 
= ∫ ex  − 2
dx 1
 (1 + x) (1 + x)  = ln
cos x
+c = ln sec x + c
1
Put f ( x) = = (1 + x) −1
1+ x ⇒ ∫ tan x dx = ln sec x + c
1
⇒ f ′( x) = −(1 + x)−2 = − Similarly, we have
(1 + x) 2
So I = ∫ e x ( f ( x) + f ′( x) ) dx
∫ cot x dx = ln sin x + c

= e x f ( x) + c 2x
(ix) Let I = ∫ dx
 1  1 − sin x
= ex  +c
 1+ x  =∫
2 x 1 + sin x
⋅ dx
1 − sin x 1 + sin x
Let I = ∫ e− x ( cos x − sin x ) dx 2 x(1 + sin x)
(vii) =∫ dx
1 − sin 2 x
= ∫ e − x ( (−1)sin x + cos x ) dx 2 x + 2 x sin x)
=∫ dx
Put f ( x) = sin x ⇒ f '( x) = cos x cos 2 x
So I = ∫ e −x
( (−1) f ( x) + f ′( x) ) dx  2x 2 x sin x 
=∫ 2
+ 2  dx
= e− x f ( x) + c  cos x cos x 
2x 2 x sin x
= e− x sin x + c =∫ 2
dx + ∫ dx
cos x cos x ⋅ cos x
−1 = 2 ∫ x sec 2 x dx + 2 ∫ x sec x tan x dx
e m tan x
(viii) Let I = ∫ dx Integrating by parts
1 + x2
−1 1 I = 2  x ⋅ tan x − ∫ tan x ⋅1 dx 
= ∫ e m tan x ⋅ dx
1 + x2 + 2  x ⋅ sec x − ∫ sec x(1) dx 
1
Put t = tan −1 x ⇒ dt = dx = 2  x ⋅ tan x − ln sec x 
1 + x2
+ 2  x ⋅ sec x − ln sec x + tan x  + c
So I = ∫ emt dt
= 2 x tan x − 2 ln sec x
e mt + 2 x sec x − 2 ln sec x + tan x + c
= +c
m
1 −1
= e m tan x + c e x (1 + x)
m (x) Let I = ∫ dx
Important Integral (2 + x)2

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FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 10

e x (2 + x − 1)  2sin cos 
x x
=∫ dx  1
(2 + x)2 =∫ − 2 2 e x dx
x x 
 2+ x 1   2 sin 2 2 sin 2 
= ∫ ex  − dx  2 2 
2 2 
 (2 + x) (2 + x)  1 x x
= ∫  cosec2 − cot  e x dx
( )
= ∫ e x (2 + x)−1 − (2 + x) −2 dx 2 2 2
 x 1 x
Put f ( x) = (2 + x) −1 ⇒ f ′( x) = −(2 + x)−2 = ∫ e x  − cot + cosec 2  dx
 2 2 2 
So I = ∫ e x ( f ( x) + f ′( x) ) dx
x x 1
Put f ( x) = − cot ⇒ f ′( x) = cosec 2 ⋅
= e x f ( x) + c 2 2 2
= e x (2 + x) −1 + c 1 x
⇒ f ′( x) = cosec2
2 2
ex
= +c So I = ∫ e ( f ( x) + f ′( x) )
x
2+ x
 1 − sin x  x = e x f ( x) + c
(xi) Let I = ∫   e dx
 1 − cos x   x
= e x  − cot  + c
 1 − 2sin x cos x   2
 2 2  e x dx x
=∫  = − e x cot + c .
x 2
 2sin 2 
 2 
Found Error tell us http://www.MathCity.org/error

Error Analysts
1- Kamran Javed - (2006-08)
Punjab College of Information Technology,
Rawalpindi.
2- Muzzfar Arshad – (2010)
Punjab University, Lahore.
3- Abdul Wahhab – (2010)
Punjab College
4- Kashif – (2011)
Islamia College Civil Lines
5- Danial Arshad – (2012)
GAK Cantt
6- Imran Murtaza (2015)
Punjab College, Chakwal
7- Tayyab Arsalan – (2016)
Fazaia Inter College Korangi Creek Karachi

Book: Exercise 3.4

Calculus and Analytic Geometry Mathematic 12
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

Available online at http://www.MathCity.org in

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Updated: October,12,2017.
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