1.

Pushrods are long, slender metal rods that are used in overhead valve engines to
transfer motion from the camshaft) to the valves (located in the cylinder head). The
bottom end of a pushrod is fitted with a lifter, upon which the camshaft makes
contact.

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4.)
 shear stress due to torque, i.e, due to a torsional load.
 Bending stress due to the forces acting upon machined elements like
gears, pulleys etc, as well as due to the weight of the shat itself
 Stress due to combined torsional bending loads

5.
Herringbone gear. noun. a gearwheel having two sets of helical teeth, one set
inclined at an acute angle to the other so that V-shaped teeth are formed Also called:
double-helical gear.
It  is used for transmitting power between parallel shafts. It was developed to
overcome the disadvantage of the high-end thrust that is present with single-helical
gears.

6.
Addendum:
Distance between the pitch circle to the top of the tooth in radial direction is
known as addendum.
Dedendum:
Distance between the pitch circle to the bottom of the tooth in radial direction,
is known as dedendum of the gear.
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10.

Basic rating life (L10)

It is defined as the life associated with 90 percent reliability. The rating life of a
group of apparently identical ball bearings is the life in millions of revolutions, or
number of hours, that 90 percent of the group will complete or exceed.