Unit- 1 ' \Winelese CBANNELS 0 Tectroducion: Pre p node ‘that predich Tia conn sipal shea dor an rbihony tranceation — Receiver Aspavation dirkna ore esate Gn eAtuinctting the adic caveat anea a} an iitemnite entaot called doe de popgilin isan, a oe charaitedie Goel abn over Meg xeon duties C&everal too a loco 4h reba). _ Th pr slim models ‘that chanaifoivce ‘fo rapid Auatiatins ee rotalued el Arion over Vou An Frau, dines (0 fw waseengls) ort tine duvaliont ore Called bral Sol. (or) ing roodal Free. fete prepageion Model :~ dict the recatied Spal Sheng when Kandel, amd Rociuuot Pave a dear, Unebahnatid Los path bla ‘ern go: Salelbile crmmaniiation Gyles, Hierowave 10S iadtn cons Ay wlth most lenge scale radio wan Prepagin " vowwe medals, lhe free pate modal predihi ‘that permed Power cetoys 0 e fod of Fe TR & ton dislante. Sacked te feme. power“The free spe pours, neueived bya iucles aatinat oe Sepenolid, jem & na CF) afenoa bj dateinte dt len by ti Frtig. free Afnte quan pt RbutrAT —O (any dL = Tranwvilin Gry- Tranaittar evlenna san E Rewer siete "y Traut! es, arpesaon dithice in malo L Sypton Joss 4piler A - tau eats tn rratans ; ped) Recibed pouen bith bo jodion of the TH sepanlicn The eo thon avitinna x elatid te ae effete ape Ae 4 ie 8 The efpeitine apte AL b relatid te the ppl exo ho artinna @ At Slated Te lhe Comien frequioty {epee Ke 4, ee We = 2Nf, A it hee 4 We = Cosel freq fin A. atte —>'® me We c = spead , abt do raline| A Vebu of 121 brciatis no loss fe the SyshonThe }riis hac oquition (shows that the sooived paoor fyi ly ate Shuma ef fhe TE Sxpion ditena vie Gps tra te. dcued power decays %Th iiines ok 2 tab ¢f, Bo de|doade a Yohopie nadir Gam eee. antiina whi noi Power sith Unit gan apy Fe alt dductions ond te offi iad TS pulps artinnn eine i tidalen dylan “The spice Bohepte pradialid froin CEIRP) difihad ae Emp-Re = =—>@ and. ropustts tee ronda Sodio aul, fore Fit si the cliadion sh mein anne gin as tempt te an ticheph traddater: Elfettive Sackitid power % usec matiad @}, EIRP te clonal the restora Sadtid "four of tonpsed to «- Sal, wane dle antinna. The Ekp will Ae Amalia tim thi €1kp per the Some fremsminien Speen Tn prailie inna gine are gin in oni o dt (lo t* tort Tobi, anliina) or ced tga wert a. ath conve Hel) The path loss which Seprusenti nal allimation as fordtiien, “Guente’ wa lcd.” da, te click as the Aifjenence ble trammnibted Pawo A the reamed , Power amd may Oy may rst Grolude the efpect % the arfinna,“The palh doss for the jroo pate model uhin antiing Jeuns are wieludad 1s. geen by 7 p, cds) = 0 dog A pcle) = ~todeg ( Fp, — Apply equaion © sn oa eH pu tde - mio (eeer) —® Pp Cy dL Fer noes s Sytem ee uthen aittinns gens te howe. owity ‘a ama path picdes = todeg dog (Fit) = it Ceara nt ~& is ape ow the. ee beyond te whith ts oulalad The dangest ‘Meo frarunitti: amlénna. apeiine amd Hie Caoeueh we Se Frew ifyer ol note wee ms oe omeneee ab rr dy. o derd & © dy >7> —-2 The equibion doo not “hold he ange Seale peafogation mold do ora Known received pave ncheran(a. pict The Sucabed power pred) at Atslane. A>de be delated tb Prak do. The Value Sone be sie om equatian O £ Ano df. hoe do t chored 15 be Sratlor tran oma} pradital Atalanta, used tr the mobile tommnesnttlcon Sphio. ; Usig ean the necoied power Gh pren Space el adithente grate Bon de te Ty [pews ea (437 dead +O Eqn(B) may be exppunsed Gn niki of dem or dew by serpy Teking gettin hath, den 58 rallying by 10> thon ‘the Setettved peor“ ie by pray den- tod [BED alg DP ie walls = |m vm Me indoor 2nvirmmonls phere Bcd) & th Uniti ste telownte dfslonin dode= loom er im tn Outdoor envueninants Bure 1) Fd the Jon ld diene fer om antaing wilh mortar clrmumnin %h im 6 feats prequany Qeote Given: Lesigast ebutuenetant 6, exitinog ‘D=tm opeadlig Dpreguey 4. Boontz. $ Axelay +388" esis Boo xio& The or pad Aisonte dd ts oblafiad ab Ade 2% = BX 33m o.31s eel 2) A power of teow ts Applied ta am viohopit Stachabor what % the Power dow at a point lohm ae Gywen Pye tow A=tokm = loxio*m a ey, Oe frat Att Coxe) 19.6 | ro®Grrmand, Ref ection (Twonkayy Haddin y Ina male radio channel a Single duiat path blo the bate stalin a mobile i Aeldom the only phy tal means fer prepegalin a dena the be Space praprgation model » de) ~ —tndag [SGX Rca) 4 (25 }) ~ b wl pre dion Tho thn ray prond of ition medal fs a wtefll P TG Teak th based on geomébul optiis x6 Contin on Poth Ba ground dap Suki propagaien path bho 1 7 antl ‘recorder, Fino Rey pound %f Ledede TChonpmittiny - ee Tn most mobde communtcdhion Systema, the masutium T-R Setevrilion distance. 1% at most enly a jeo feos oh Hilomélaet amd The cant, may be cvssumed "te be plat The (ital deceived fad Eton i Geen 4 [Bor = Fiost Ey] —>@ Etas= dnt £09 tormpamat |Any = Rath of the, thanemiblon dy < Most % tha receiver BLL Faq ape F paid vm tunifi ef, Vm d, - Rfpante distanta from the Hansell For dydo tho pre Spee poopage tion t-ftud ts pln Fy pe tos (te (t- Me) (dr de) > @) Te oe d whew le Cdit)|= Eodo/d tmpruneata the envelope ¢h Me e-fald at d melon frm the Hansmitts From the above tue tuo prope ing waves arvitves ak the Aecctve The dinect wane “thal Frawele a ditune d’ i) The hie wave that hrwvelca distance A" the meamet Gore the E- fold due to Te Los Coretonant ak he cxpmened o% F,,, C0" Ds ode too(we Ct 4%) —+@ os V and fe E-fud r Me growed gefhuctd wave, vahih dhas pavagin cag OPES \ Ect) «7 Stews (a(t) —-® dAcc te lowe 9 rep bchin en Aielatiis © Bap, =e fae be > " Ey = (HME? in T= Seblution Costing fr ground For Small Valuer of O7¢ qraren vneddentd) Me Sefletid wave aqaal in rilirle sf go out o Phase wilh the tredint wove D , “the neaublint &- field assuming peyot Aevizental € fel Poleodatilign grand suptettion Cie f=-1 % Epeo) & the Vedir Sum of Etos 4 Fp Ard the Retultame & fil envelope 7s gen by Hel = [eug +84] > @ tha elect plot Egor Cat) Con be expnennd as Enaptdit) « fee toc (in, C+- 46) + C0 Sa wos(u(t-t) r @ +“Frum the above byoe ‘tre path dijpowre A bly tie Los anc the ie aad paths Ganbe expensed ab [a aa: [ane - fa be ioe | @ = A i ey yf ae het Par, By ting “Ta Gauss Crpencian Vo a be pas a Wie hed (>) Or hei fes Ae a's The pol dippers 6, & oefchad by 6,- ae z dice We doy A OC LO o Mao . mM ¢ BE ec gn +& whine tye. Qf. ta = Ba > (1%) ante Tt should bo nolid That a becomes Vou Sone the abd" becomes Vou Small Me wena. Bhs a, 4, Fics & fy one vay ‘cduibital amd That & dikber oy oe , Eodo| _ | fede [Bae ) ay d | a | a @® Gubsihatt b= d/o ch eqn (4) cm be Cxbierwol as a Phaser Ban Ever (at) » Eade os (a (¢)) Game ? | 7 2 os Bode cso" a a a whore d ic fa dilanc vor « flat cant bio to ban oh the framtmitf 8 Seutvoy ovionas Phaser Aiiagrane Eode/ d! a fag folie phaner dinganrn tahich shank Dow tho deat and ak c .. the olubud ibd Cal the Yeeater) ah 0 dicta, d fom The Fann Com be. writtin o& | Eqgrt@d] = aL ately yoke, Tor : (Z) sla i)++( Fete) oi 8 (S4)" (taf agt = 2-costur 90a) ee ‘N «tote [a =o a Ge)Usha a equi , e4n comb Bieta {ett = a fete (St) —> @ my GD ray aeinplipid henson Bil Oy.) © Bay + “he Ceurn utten Oy, % Lim Haws p.3 Radda. Ung a @ «@ = = ~ pea costal =>), tn GD) may be mpl dy aot teby aoe tr ee a As dong os a aitigis @ tra routed €- fle tom be. approcinalid. o& J ; odo anh Ener OD SEE aber Ie Yo 4) ke Comelant Sulaled “to Co, the avidin Soi Haas then the ested power ak a Abteints tym ie. Feinsdttn for the aney qreand pap ution model Cam be exprured a Pee Peo be bebe 2 be os 0s) ‘The qn QS) at Alston (os (d>ra[hiby) tho detated Power tpl ebb ue Ainlanto Suaided ty the fpwith pave® at Values, cfd Me Sota) potoer A Jat | ane became. Poder at, peury The path sass. fr the 6 tay mel Ga de at aga — [tory Gy 1 10g yy + Boag he + dolph,) v®) p.tda)= 49 vshon gation Gt ovabutid for Oy=10 en Ae abe hare. the guard appears vf fe 17 Fresnel zene bln the Hramniitin. 8 Setabor Aalvendagen: The model Fat Aeon cteuncte ter prodting Snal SHegth Ore déiante 4, be oxpraned in the Large Acale Bev a iw ot oi ayitin, thal wre tall loess at uellat fpr bes niorocelt channel’ th turban Pnvurenmanke . Bure A mobile te cated Bm away from base dlalion. arkinna wilh and wes of, Vertical 4 menoble ce oy q.pede tk nnobe tatlidasy tadito Feralas he pj ot ie tyra the. Hremsnaton a jeden ts be 162 Yim. The Contam Jroquenay wed for is SystonBiter 1s sxpotion dislane - Shin pid at « dinbeote of [Bm = Vibe Pregang % opexation - f= qoute 8 = C/g = Bxlo Asefp = 3X10. on aa3m qoox io a) bargin of, He antirina Ly = 0333/4 = 10-0833 m j Ms = 8-33cm EWeilive opoitinn Ac oar = 25x (0:3339)/e7 (b) Stnte. d >> [eter p=» aeodos by. Von an a (a = 0-010 Baud a te2x1110? ami Sox ie S 3 Brio? 9-33 X5xI0 ewatel xi © Yim The Deatied Powe pred): (USE xo pra xl 30°] 377 9. 33x5x 103 | bred) = -92-b8 damLink Bact Deri a Host prepagplin, models an. douited eee Combunalien id jee Ms empeuial melhods, us omit cpporath os se or fftling Cunyes OF ene jital exfnuninas that ees aR moanuned date, Tr’ ot the adventige vapid ‘ah rity account all prapageton peters both known & umbtngwan ‘tro aultal pile faadbousenatt TE onset 4 tap modale . The models 2 chy lang dintarte pala logs modlal i g 2 ii) ey normal shadowing rooelel Long datante path less medel The ayorny, lange scale folk slase. boran anbihony TER Sepeuthion & Hed abo2 function % didante by tlh 2 folh close. exponent, n Kw«(g)" cer) Pe cde) = Fh Cee) +100 bog (Aldo) —>@ n— path toss expensnt with ohdiiala te aby at whith path toss » usth ateinte do- close Gm neforane. measunarnente close ts The Fran btoe A. ditence bly TER Aedowa uth % deliihed romfq OD anced ensemble ata all Pol oth doss Valu fora see Vel of Tn cove collars sypstries Man Juforarss date tas ane commonly treo whereas im [allude sgt auch, Keraller olistemnts ano ted - Loq- Normal Shadmwiin Heasuremet have bon Ta al eng Vil oh patndoc s Ria) ako. portilar location Th ttanclm & disticbutid deg reroll abut fia mean Aéchinee clependent Valuer . eordey- Peta + xe] -O = fi cdot ton ig (Vo) ty —® 3b cay CdémJe Py telom) — Pld [eB] 8 Mp — Toro mean geundan astrbitd random Variables wilh alindard oleutation i" thie. Jaq rival ddrcbiion deritber Ihe random Shag ehtecte wtih cxnure OVE @ Danae number 4 meanazort chon unath aye thie Same TR Separition bat have, dpbosnt ovals epg ion pall ‘thio phanorsner % Sah ob lull, on the f te ob Sg nea chathownng ge. Putd) 82 Random Vardeble ithe normal AbiTbalion fo ent moan’ So & Prid) # Me Q qendtion de abot the dtstaints. depend jo wed te déleimine tre Prcbeabill fit the. A a pastauer Jovel. “the Q oy enrer, jyndion nowouved sige devel’ atl 2xCooQe or Jer Ede =o ry, [ret (3 =)|+@ Qt) = I~ Ql-z) +9 The prolly that tho feestivedl will exceed et cota Vole J tam be taluwtatid fy the, tumulaive dansk fvetion as Phe») -9 v- he) | +@ {Mt tre pH job inat the rns ral fase weld here below y) fsSmall scale pacity © Sra] scale. |pditg Co Sey od 3 ued te dosortbe the nayid Hucbinlions of, tro ms seat cha radio Séqnal over a short porad of Tine or Havel cdilance Zo hink No ciate. palh dose syyuk may be Goad na peti Tone we ches ond tpl ne alin channel dv tha. Powerit al coe, at he ee rm, er eh pain ah en re — fh. “T’s multifalh domibcne at & cept a art ahah Cam sa, iy nya proan & ft teres ag Efjedts of, ete w or atk shew ahegh overa rv Pe aie oh pnquaruy (iit) “Titre dasporasn Cauned by — bopegie dal, Fass inflasing| Small. Scale = HolHpath ~ Spd he on ~ echouree. Barlutlth spas Sowewurdinp objet Komal hia) didancePoppi shir hus te He talahive, motin bi elation gach mmusltijth nye experusleh on uk fen “Tha Abt we reacted ape! prequinny ts molten ft (abled Doppler hit hy tho mobile 3 Whe boa apparent ahit hia faz Va ws Type, small Scale poaty t= th Fire daly cxole ok ‘; mall suale en can eee we pact: i. Flat Fesng Prequana aohotne resin \- pw of 8 Ze ay chaneel sibs Senet? oAe nee . bd a a. delay spread Z symbol period 2 Daly apn yp pol Gath sole. Joan (Bard en le opead) — alow ay ; Fatt dpa 1 bec Dopphir Spnee. te High Doppler a. tohwurivtuny hybol posiod ve ie x posed 8. chamal Veoustioo Yorkin than oane bond BY nah Vesuntions 3, chemel Variation clowntt thw bare bend aro sie 1Peramstor of mobile multipath Riise @ For a ralltpath hanno! to poor delay profile & useful teel tn vial a dot of, paarisememantee alates rruhipath channel Paranutd “(aw dispersin Panera The maam 2rctons May, “ine duke spront, & see ay Spread ara maltipath chan Posaetivs “That con he Apo a psn dia, Pri G)Rean excuns Delay The Aondod by T 4, om Onion aye bin na Properdia of a channel . The mean Caton delay gio by F- EwD gto oak “shea hi ib Ras >elay gpriad Ths the Squete root of, Te Second Cora rroment eh the Peso dala prope ond te gin by a+ [Pe Who nae tw 2 = ierieeret Baht 4 Pcth) x - t “Taso day, one meateowd slate Tre frst oe = + te suorawen ot To(il) Bean aay Spread SD “fe rrandmen exon deg oh the paver dlag pri ts dehgad to be. The “tine dslay uty eat onovy pe ‘te de bale the maninum The tnantionun Ueten dale % difinedd ah Tx To es q ty — Yet eon tral T= mrancifun iL, at uthid. a. multi tmp ite te a he eee anna routhipath oe Coherence Bord uth = tpassttaeince ADIN Ic b Aiiad a co. sahinReal manne. Of Wa Nomar. oh ruquanciar Over thish the channal cam be comin Blak Cte) a chawst whih poet apeckal. operant ~ cently i pe ot oT “Te Heong oy Breqaencit® over whith Atm ljreqae compre Jhewe arong Dotarial fpr one w ain wdno Cala oF A — tchwnente Bandurdth . wth the Yhequentiy Grralation fundion abou 018, Hanke torrents BW appoint &= Yeon, “Th te |peyseng cratiin hundlion %4 above onBithn tho BeDopplen spread 7 ic ; ® Tine dipotive nlite obtie channel viva dacal coon. % duteritod by dala Gproacl & sohenemte BW “the ime Voowping naire the adovnal & acral. Seale ae t& clscntbed by Doppler spread. KB cheunts time Doppler épread. Bp fe a. measure oh The speutral bareding Cauted Wie tine tuck of, charge of Ie mobde satis channel 8 it alto dined ofthe ‘ange of pequantis over uth the sutsbed —Dopplen pain Ds onefially ron-e0 The Doppler Spediruw. tu “I tay fom -qe-fa tetdy Joa Pore Buturla) fone of Srequany Jue Doppler shift Fane Tine CT 7 Es ok duuch of, Apples Apnea & callod cobienante ed te chuneachsctze. the “Um. Vong rokaie Akspowivenes ¢, the thannel uh The Teo domain « open ove rasa por ora) Vor. “Th & aly The Jrequany The esharurea Heme B Doppler T} The echoance Aine Ve Aalthe op the Bena over htt We time wervelstin \ontion & above oF i TE Awe Tim Sen—Faart - Dopplist ShiftFadieg due “to time ‘Delay spreatl. ot'Gaae he ae Sgrel tb undingo ether Pod ov frequen salen beg Flat Fading Th tre motgle fadio channgh Mas a Constant ge 5 Stans Prats Surpante over & bandwidth th guar than the, Bamibatdth of, tte ‘Fanart, stra “theo the. Meceed aaa) wil undoye yok yay Sn atin type oh beatg the shengih of Irs navived signal hangs wth Hino: dette Pabalipe th Te gain of He dred caused bg toultipain st Condithion for jet pny i bs ce be Ts 77 Oy vdhow Re- Sigal Bond usd th Be — cohounte Fardwidlh + Syne jovad (12 Feuyinel Bow 0; - Wns dakoy ajrandFraquny sav boa lg a Th the mobile radio channel het a constant gain A dutean Phase Dwpense over bamdutdiy That Smaller ‘han Bandwidth of, tte Fens final thon the ractied AG ral wil undergo bate sdectiva F Te requeriy aclabive oder ts dus to time dispouten Gy the ranted Symbols within tne hanna “hus the chan! vruluded Tntorsyntoh rbixfonante crsT) “the condition fpr prequeny sdubive feat Bs >> be Ts ce pay sebdhie fpdiin ahaneaay one ale SRO idkband chanvale Aine the Banduldth oh Afra ted fram tre bandusidth ¢ He channal pulse duaponke Fashing shfett. due te Dopphin spread Ty damtid valo a type 1) Slow hating ‘h) Fost tpding Slow i Ty, The anna) van Ferpore honapt a pat mach alow Tran the ARemantttel banca pal than Wie ‘ting a Na Ladin“The tondtthion for s.low \pbiig We 46% Tso yrbed peutod Bs >7 Be Te— tchururie. Teine B.- Signal B-W Bp - Doppler BW Fast yin T) He channel Uinpalbe rerponbe changes Aapidly wile the Spell donciton ‘then tha Type, of fecing te Called feat “Ba caer poquanny aitjorsion (fe) time Aeleshbe fpditg due ts “peppor Gpuading whith leads te Mah “The condition fpr fas! peng Ter? te B32 Bo This type Sh faking, only duals wT Ie rake of chang eh he channsh dus to matin “hi, ery ociuma Br VY mv data, nob re. Valet do rene A The bossa gosng Adlarimines what Bana undergoes jak dpting or slaw fpding sre Spot @ low Ypdaig dal with fa ralaborihs Huw the Time sua oh shang Ga the channel # fe Aventniiled sigeal A bor with prepagelien pats oss mackele. Aistorbon