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Microbiology Fundamentals A
Clinical Approach 3rd Edition
Test Bank
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach, 3e

(Cowan)Chapter1
IntroductiontoMicrobesandTheirBuildingBlocks
1) Whenhumansmanipulatethe genesofmicroorganisms,the processiscalled .

A) bioremediation
B) geneticengineering
C) epidemiology
D) immunology
E) taxonomy
Answer:BSection:
01.01
Topic:Microbial Roles; Basics of Genetic
EngineeringBloom's:01.Remember
ASMTopic:Module04Information Flow
ASMObjective:04.05Cellgenomescan bemanipulatedtoalter cellfunction.
2) Whichofthe followingisnotconsideredamicroorganism?
A) Mosquito
B) Protozoan
C) Bacterium
D) Virus
E) Fungus
Answer:ASection:
01.01
Topic:Taxonomy of
MicroorganismsBloom's:01.Remember
ASM Topic:Module01 Evolution
ASMObjective:01.02Mutationsandhorizontalgenetransfer,alongwiththeimmensevarietyofmicroen
vironments,have resulted in avast diversity ofmicroorganisms.
3) Allmicroorganismsarebestdefined asorganismsthat .
A) causehuman disease
B) lackacellnucleus
C) areinfectiousparticles
D) aretoo small tobeseen withtheunaided eye
E) canonlybe foundgrowinginlaboratories
Answer:DSection:
01.01
Topic:MicrobialRolesBloom'
s:01.Remember
ASMTopic:Module01Evolution
4) Whichactivityisanexampleof biotechnology?
A) Bacteriainthesoilsecreting anantibiotictokillcompetitors
B) Amicrobiologistusingthemicroscopetostudybacteria
C) Egyptiansusingmoldybreadonwounds
D) Escherichia coli producinghumaninsulin
E) Publichealthofficialsmonitoringdiseasesinacommunity
Answer:DSection:
01.01
Topic:Basics of Genetic
EngineeringBloom's:02.Understand
ASMTopic:Module06 Impactof Microorganisms
ASMObjective:06.03Humansutilizeandharnessmicroorganismsandtheirproducts.
5) Livingthings ordinarily too small to beseen with theunaided eyearetermed .

A) bacteria
B) viruses
C) parasites
D) microorganisms
E) prokaryotes
Answer:DSection:
01.01
Topic:Cellular
OrganizationBloom's:01.Remember
ASMTopic: Module01 Evolution
6) Themicroorganismsthatrecyclenutrientsbybreakingdowndeadmatterand wastesarecalled
.
A) decomposers
B) prokaryotes
C) pathogens
D) eukaryotes
E) fermenters
Answer:ASection:
01.01
s:01.Remember
ASM Objective:06.01 Microbes are essential for life, as we know it, and the processes
thatsupportlife(e.g. inbiogeochemical cycles andplant/animal microflora).
7) Cells,likebacteriaandarchaea,thatdonothaveanucleusintheircellshavetraditionallybeencalled .
A) decomposers
B) prokaryotes
C) pathogens
D) eukaryotes
E) fermenters
Answer:BSection:
01.01
Topic:Cellular
OrganizationBloom's:01.Re
member
ASMTopic:Module02StructureandFunction
ASMObjective:01.01Cells,organelles(e.g.mitochondriaandchloroplasts)andallmajormetabolicpat
hways evolved from early prokaryoticcells.
8) Thefirstcells appearedabout billion years

ago.A)5.2
B) 4.6
C) 3.8
D)2.9
E)1.5
Answer:CSection:
01.01
Topic:History of
MicrobiologyBloom's:01.Remembe
r
ASMObjective:01.01 Cells,
organelles(e.g.mitochondriaandchloroplasts)andallmajormetabolicpathways evolved from early
prokaryoticcells.
9) Whichofthefollowingis notahumanuseof microorganisms?

A) Makingbread
B) Treatingwaterandsewage
C) Manufacturingcopperwire
D) Massproducing antibiotics
E) Cleaningup oilspills
Answer:CSection:
01.01
s:01.Remember
10) Usingmicrobestodetoxifyasitecontaminatedwithheavymetalsisanexampleof .
A) biotechnology
B) bioremediation
C) decomposition
D) immunology
E) epidemiology
Answer:BSection:
01.01
s:01.Remember
11) Disease-causingmicroorganismsarecalled .
A) decomposers
B) prokaryotes
C) pathogens
D) eukaryotes
E) fermenters
Answer:CSection:
01.01
Topic:MicrobialRolesBlo
om's:01.Remember
ASMObjective:05.04Microorganisms,cellularandviral,interactwithbothhumanandnon-
humanhosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways.
12) Themostprevalentworldwideinfectiousdiseasesare .
A) AIDS-relateddiseases
B) diarrhealdiseases
C) malariadiseases
D) measles
E) respiratorydiseases
Answer:ESection:
01.01
s:01.Remember
ASM Objective:05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, interact with both human
andnon-humanhosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways.
13) Whichofthe following isauniquecharacteristicofvirusesthat

distinguishesthemfromtheothermajorgroups of microorganisms?
A) Causehuman disease
B) Lackanucleus
C) Cannotbeseenwithouta microscope
D) Contain geneticmaterial
E) Lack cellstructure
Answer:ESection:
01.01
Topic:General Viral
PropertiesBloom's:01.Remember
14) Helminthsare .
A) bacteria
B) protozoa
C) molds
D) parasiticworms
E) infectiousparticles
Answer:DSection:
01.01
Topic:Taxonomy of
MicroorganismsBloom's:01.Remembe
r
15) Whichgroupofmicroorganismsiscomposedonlyofhereditarymaterialwrappedinaproteincoverin
g?
A) Viruses
B) Bacteria
C) Parasites
D) Fungi
E) Helminths
Answer:ASection:
01.01
Topic:General Viral
PropertiesBloom's:01.Remember
ASMTopic:Module02 StructureandFunction
16) Whichstatementcorrectlycomparesthesizesofdifferentmicroorganisms?
A) Bacteriaarelargerthanviruses
B) Bacteria arelargerthaneukaryoticmicroorganisms
C) Eukaryoticmicroorganismsaresmallerthanviruses
D) Archaeaarelarger thaneukaryoticmicroorganismsbutsmallerthanbacteria
Answer:ASection:
01.01
Topic:Taxonomy of
MicroorganismsBloom's:03. Apply
ASMObjective:01.05Theevolutionaryrelatednessoforganisms
isbestreflectedinphylogenetictrees.
17) TheDutchmerchantwho madeandused qualitymagnifyinglenses

toseeandrecordmicroorganismswas .
A) FrancescoRedi
B) AntonievanLeeuwenhoek
C) LouisPasteur
D) JosephLister
E) RobertKoch
Answer:BSection:
01.02
Topic:History of
MicrobiologyBloom's:01.Reme
mber
ASMObjective:02.01The structureandfunction ofmicroorganismshavebeenrevealedby theuseof
microscopy(including brightfield, phasecontrast, fluorescent,andelectron).
18) Koch'spostulatesarecriteriausedtoestablishthat
A) microbesarefound on dust particles.
B) aspecificmicrobeis thecauseof aspecificdisease.
C) lifeformscan onlyarisefrom preexistinglifeforms.
D) aspecificmicrobeshouldbeclassified ina specifickingdom.
E) microbescanbeusedtoclean uptoxicspills.
Answer:BSection:
01.02
Topic:History of
MicrobiologyBloom's:02.Understand
19) Thesurgeonwhoadvocated usingdisinfectantson handsandin theair priortosurgerywas

.
A) JosephLister
B) IgnazSemmelweis
C) RobertKoch
D) LouisPasteur
E) AntonievanLeeuwenhoek
Answer:ASection:
01.02
Topic:History of Microbiology; Basics of Microbial
ControlBloom's:01.Remember
ASMTopic:Module03Metabolic Pathways
ASM Objective:03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical,
chemical,mechanical,and biological methods.
20) Sterilityrefersto
A) beingpathogenfree.
B) havinganabsenceof spores.
C) havinganabsenceofanylifeforms andviralparticles.
D) beingpasteurized.
E) beinghomogenized.
Answer:CSection:
01.02
Topic:Basics of Microbial
ASMTopic:Module08 MicrobiologySkills
21) Whichscientistshowedthatanthrax wascausedbythe bacterium,Bacillusanthracis?

A) JosephLister
B) IgnazSemmelweis
C) RobertKoch
D) LouisPasteur
E) AntonievanLeeuwenhoek
Answer:CSection:
01.02
Topic:History of
MicrobiologyBloom's:01.Remember
ASMObjective:05.04Microorganisms,cellularandviral,interactwithbothhumanandnon-
22) Ifyouwereamicrobiologist in1950,whichofthefollowingscientificprincipleswould

youalreadyknow?
A) Aseptictechniquescouldreducethenumberof woundinfectionsin the surgicalsetting.
B) Biofilmscanformonimplanted objectsinthehumanbody andberesponsibleforinfection.
C) Enzymesfoundinbacteria canbeused tocutDNA.
D) VerylittleDNAis transcribedinto RNAthatis thentranslated into proteins.
Answer:ASection:
01.02
Topic:History of
MicrobiologyBloom's:03. Apply
ASM Objective:04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and
internalmolecularcues and/or signals.
23) Taxonomydoes notinvolve .

A) nomenclature
B) classification
C) taxa
D) identification
E) commonname
Answer:ESection:
01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
r
ASM Topic:Module01 Evolution
24) Whichscientific
fieldisinvolvedintheidentification,classification,andnamingoforganisms?
A) Nomenclature
B) Taxonomy
C) Phylogeny
D) Woeseanclassification
E) Noneofthechoicesarecorrect.
Answer:BSection:
01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
ASMTopic:Module01 Evolution
ASMObjective:01.05Theevolutionaryrelatedness oforganisms isbest
reflectedinphylogenetictrees.
25) Theorderlyarrangementoforganismsintoahierarchyoftaxaiscalled .
A) classification
B) identification
C) nomenclature
D) experimentation
E) biotechnology
Answer:ASection:
01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
26) Whichofthe following isataxon thatcontains allthe othertaxalisted?

A) Species
B) Phylum
C) Kingdom
D) Genus
E) Family
Answer:CSection:
01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
MicroorganismsBloom's:02.Understan
d
27) Thesmallest andmost significanttaxon is .

A) genus
B) species
C) kingdom
D) family
E) phylum
Answer:BSection:
01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
d
28) Selectthecorrectdescendingtaxonomichierarchy:
A) family,order,class
B) family,genus,species
C) genus,species,family
D) class,phylum, order
E) kingdom, domain,phylum
Answer:BSection:
01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
29) Whichofthe following is ascientificname?

A) Gram-positivestreptococcus
B) Staphylococcus
C) Streptococcuspyogenes
D) Anthrax
E) Streptobacilli
Answer:CSection:
01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
r
ASMObjective:07.03a Ability tocommunicate andcollaboratewithother
disciplines:Effectively communicate fundamentalconceptsof
microbiology,inwrittenandoralformat.
30) Whenassigning ascientificnameto anorganism,

A) thespeciesnameiscapitalized.
B) thespeciesnameisplacedfirst.
C) thespeciesnamecanbeabbreviated.
D) bothgenusandspeciesnamesarecapitalized.
E) bothgenusandspecies namesareitalicizedorunderlined.
Answer:ESection:
01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
disciplines:Effectively communicatefundamentalconceptsof
31) Thestudyofevolutionaryrelationshipsamongorganismsiscalled ,
A) biotechnology
B) genetics
C) recombinantDNA
D) phylogeny
E) taxonomy
Answer:DSection:
01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
32) Whichareaofbiologystates
thatlivingthingsundergogradual,structural,andfunctionalchangesover long periods of time?
A) Morphology
B) Phylogeny
C) Evolution
D) Genetics
E) Noneofthechoicesiscorrect.
Answer:CSection:
01.01
Topic:History of
MicrobiologyBloom's:01.
Remember
prokaryoticcells.
33) Ascientiststudyingthesequenceofnucleotidesinthe rRNAofabacterialspeciesisworkingon .

A) determiningevolutionaryrelatedness
B) bioremediation
C) recombinantDNA
D) nomenclature
E) determiningifthat speciesis thecauseofanew disease
Answer:ASection:
01.04
Topic:Genetic
AnalysesBloom's:03. Apply
34) Thescientist(s)whoproposedorganismsbe assignedtooneofthreedomainsis(are)

.
A) RobertKochand LouisPasteur
B) AntonievanLeeuwenhoek
C) CarlWoese andGeorgeFox
D) RobertWhittaker
E) FrancescoRedi
Answer:CSection:
01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
35) Whichscientificnameiswritten correctly?

A) Staphylococcusaureus
B) staphylococcusaureus
C) StaphylococcusAureus
D) Staphylococcusaureus
E) STAPHYLOCOCCUSAUREUS
Answer:ASection:
01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
r
disciplines:Effectively
communicatefundamentalconceptsofmicrobiology,inwrittenandoralformat.
36) Ascientiststudyinghelminthsisworkingwithbacteria.
Answer:FALSESe
ction:01.01
Topic:Taxonomy of
37) Currentevidenceindicatesthatbacteriaandarchaeaexistedonearthforapproximately2billion
years beforeeukaryotes appeared.
Answer:FALSESe
ction:01.01
Topic:History of
prokaryoticcells.
38) Ascientifictheory,likethetheoryofevolution,isjustourbestguessatexplainingascientificphenome
non,but atheory cannot be considered fact.
Answer:FALSESe
ction:01.01
Topic:History of
prokaryoticcells.
39) Manychronicconditionsarefound tobeassociatedwith microbialagents.

Answer:TRUESec
tion:01.01
s:01.Remember
ASMObjective:05.04Microorganisms,cellularand viral,interactwithboth humanandnon-
40) Allmicroorganismsareconsideredpathogens.
Answer:FALSESe
ction:01.01
s:02.Understand
41) Thetermsterilemeansfreeof alllifeforms.
Answer:TRUESec
tion:01.01
Topic:Basics of Microbial
ASMTopic:Module08 MicrobiologySkills
42) Membersofthesame speciessharemanymorecharacteristics comparedto

thosesharedbymembersofthe samekingdom.
Answer:TRUESec
tion:01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
ASMObjective:01.05Theevolutionaryrelatednessof organismsis
bestreflectedinphylogenetictrees.
43) Onceanorganismis assignedtoaparticulartaxonomichierarchy,itispermanentand

cannotberevised.
Answer:FALSESe
ction:01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
ASMTopic:Module 01 Evolution
44) Virusesarenotclassified inany ofWhittaker'sfivekingdoms.
Answer:TRUESec
tion:01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
d
45) Thenamesofthethreedomains are:Bacteria,Protista,andEukarya(Eukaryota).
Answer:FALSESe
ction:01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
46) Onedistinguishingcharacteristicofthearchaebacteriaisthattheylive in
extremeenvironments.
Answer:TRUESec
tion:01.01
Topic:Taxonomy of
ASMObjective:05.01Microorganisms areubiquitous andliveindiverseanddynamicecosystems.
47) Microbeshavebeenfoundexisting insalty,acidiclakes.
Answer:TRUESection:
01.01
Topic:MicrobialRolesBlo
om's:01.Remember
ASMObjective:05.01Microorganismsareubiquitousandliveindiverseand dynamicecosystems.
48) Organicchemicalsalwayshaveabasic frameworkoftheelement bonded to

otheratoms.
A) carbon
B) nitrogen
C) oxygen
D) hydrogen
E) phosphorous
Answer:ASection:
01.03
Topic:BiochemistryBloom's:
01.Remember
disciplines:Effectively communicate fundamentalconceptsof
49) Mostbiochemicalmacromolecules arepolymers,which arechainsof _ .

A) hydrophobicmolecules
B) electrolyticmolecules
C) repeatingmonomers
D) repeatingcarbohydrates
E) hydrogenbonds
Answer:CSection:
01.03
01.Remember
50) Allof thefollowing aremonosaccharides except .

A) glucose
B) glycogen
C) fructose
D) ribose
E) deoxyribose
Answer:BSection:
01.03
Topic:BiochemistryBloo
m's:01.Remember
51) Allofthefollowingarepolysaccharidesexcept
A) glycogeninliverandmuscle.
B) agarusedtomakesolidculturemedia.
C) acell'sglycocalyx.
D) celluloseincertaincellwalls.
E) prostaglandinsin inflammation.
Answer:ESection:
01.03
02.Understand
52) Allof thefollowing arelipidsexcept .

A) cholesterol
B) starch
C) phospholipid
D) wax
E) triglyceride
Answer:BSection:
01.03
01.Remember
ASMObjective:07.03aAbilityto communicate andcollaboratewith
otherdisciplines:Effectively communicatefundamentalconceptsof
53) Whatpart ofaphospholipid formshydrophobic tails?

A) Fattyacids
B) Glycerol
C) Phosphate
D) Alcohol
E) Allof thechoicesarecorrect.
Answer:ASection:
01.03
m's:02.Understand
54) Afatiscalled if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two
othercarbonsand two hydrogens.
A) unsaturated
B) polyunsaturated
C) monounsaturated
D) saturated
Answer:DSection:
01.03
02.Understand
55) Thelipidgroupthatservesasenergystorage moleculesis .

A) prostaglandins
B) waxes
C) phospholipids
D) steroids
E) triglycerides
Answer:ESection:
01.03
01.Remember
56) Thelipid groupthat isthemajorcomponent of cell membranesis the .

A) prostaglandins
B) waxes
C) phospholipids
D) steroids
E) triglycerides
Answer:CSection:
01.03
m's:01.Remember
57) Thebuilding blocksof anenzymeare .

A) nucleotides
B) glycerolandfattyacids
C) monosaccharides
D) phosphate,glycerol,andfattyacids
E) aminoacids
Answer:ESection:
01.03
Topic:Biochemistry;
EnzymesBloom's:03. Apply
58) Whichis nottrueaboutenzymes?

A) Theyarefoundinall cells.
B) Theyarecatalysts.
C) Theirshapedeterminestheirfunction.
D) Theycan bedenaturatedby heat andother agents.
E) Theyhavehigh-energybonds betweenphosphates.
Answer:ESection:
01.03
Topic:Biochemistry;
EnzymesBloom's:01.Remember
59) Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its
tertiarystructure?
A) Valine
B) Cysteine
C) Serine
D) Alanine
E) Tyrosine
Answer:BSection:
01.03
m's:01.Remember
ASMObjective:07.03aAbilityto communicateand collaboratewith
otherdisciplines:Effectively communicatefundamentalconceptsof
60) Whattypeofbondsareformedbetween adjacentaminoacids?

A) Glycosilic
B) Ester
C) Peptide
D) Disulfide
E) Phosphate
Answer:CSection:
01.03
01.Remember
61) Thealpha helix is atypeof protein structure.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) Noneofthechoicesiscorrect.
Answer:BSection:
01.03
01.Remember
62) Onenucleotidecontains .
A) onephosphate
B) onepentose sugar
C) onenitrogenbase
D) Allofthechoicesare correct
Answer:DSecti
on:01.03
Topic:Nucleic Acid
Structure/FunctionBloom's:01. Remember
ASMObjective:04.02Although thecentraldogma isuniversalin allcells,
theprocessesofreplication,transcription,andtranslationdifferinBacteria, Archaea,andEukaryotes.
63) WhichpertainstoDNA butnottoRNA?

A) Contains ribose
B) Containsadenine
C) Contains thymine
D) Containsuracil
E) Containsnucleotides
Answer:CSection:
01.03
Topic:Nucleic Acid
Structure/FunctionBloom's:02.Understand
64) ATPisbestdescribedas .
A) anenzyme
B) adoublehelix
C) anelectroncarrier
D) theenergymoleculeofcells
E) Allofthechoicesare correct.
Answer:DSection:
01.03
01.Remember
ASM Objective:03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given
environmentdependson its metaboliccharacteristics.
65) Youaretryingtoidentifyachemicalthatconsistsofadenine,ribose,and
threephosphates.Whatis this chemical?
A) DNA
B) RNA
C) ATP
D) Phospholipid
Answer:CSection:
01.03
m's:01.Remember
ASM Objective:03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given
environmentdependson its metaboliccharacteristics.
66) AstudentforgottolabelabeakercontainingaDNAsolutionandabeakercontainingaglucosesolution
. If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of
thefollowingwould befound in thebeaker ofDNAbut not in thebeaker withglucose?
A) Aminoacids
B) Hydrogenandoxygenatoms
C) Nitrogenandphosphorus
D) Fattyacids
E) Carbonatoms
Answer:CSection:
01.03
Topic:NucleicAcidStructure/Function;BiochemistryBloom's:0
3. Apply
ASM Objective:07.01b Ability to apply the process of science: Analyze and interpret
resultsfromavariety ofmicrobiological methods,and applythesemethodsto analogoussituations.
67) Purinesandpyrimidines are componentsin thebuilding blockunitsof all .

A) nucleicacids
B) carbohydrates
C) polysaccharides
D) aminoacids
E) enzymes
Answer:ASection:
01.03
Topic:Nucleic Acid
Structure/FunctionBloom's:01.Remember
ASMTopic:Module04 InformationFlow
68) Whichofthefollowing isnot apyrimidine?

A) Uracil
B) Adenine
C) Thymine
D) Cytosine
E) All of thesearepyrimidines.
Answer:BSecti
on:01.03
Topic:Nucleic Acid
ASMObjective:04.02Althoughthecentraldogma isuniversal inall cells, theprocesses
ofreplication,transcription,andtranslationdifferinBacteria, Archaea,andEukaryotes.
69) Duringprotein synthesis, RNAis madeas a copy ofagene from DNA.

A) transfer
B) messenger
C) ribosomal
D) Allofthechoicesare correct.
Answer:BSection:
01.03
Topic:Nucleic Acid
ASMObjective:04.02Althoughthe centraldogmais universalinall
cells,theprocessesofreplication,transcription,andtranslationdifferinBacteria,
Archaea,andEukaryotes.
70) Characteristicssharedbyallcellsinclude
A) amembraneserving asacell boundary.
B) thepossession ofgeneticinformation.
C) thepresenceof cellularfluid.
D) Allofthese choicesarecorrect.
Answer:DSection:
01.03
Topic:Cellular
OrganizationBloom's:01.Re
member
ASMObjective:01.01Cells,organelles(e.g. mitochondriaandchloroplasts)and
allmajormetabolicpathways evolved from early prokaryoticcells.
71) Thepurine alwaysbinds withthe pyrimidine inDNAandRNA.

A) guanine,cytosine
B) cytosine,guanine
C) adenine,guanine
D) thymine,guanine
Answer:ASection:
01.03
Topic:NucleicAcidStructure/Function
Bloom's:01. Remember
ASMObjective:04.02Althoughthe centraldogmais universalinall
cells,theprocessesofreplication,transcription,andtranslationdifferinBacteria,
Archaea,andEukaryotes.
72) Allproteinsare enzymes.
Answer:FALSESecti
on:
01.03Topic:Biochemi
stry
Bloom's:01.Remember
73) The most important outcome of polypeptide intrachain bonding and folding is the
uniqueshapeoftheprotein.
Answer:TRUESectio
n:
01.03Topic:Biochemi
stry
Bloom's:02.Understand
ASMObjective:07.03aAbilityto communicate andcollaboratewithother
74) Nucleicacidshaveprimary,secondary,tertiary,andquaternarylevelsoforganization.
Answer:FALSESecti
on:
01.03Topic:Biochemi
stry
Bloom's:01.Remember
75) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrectregardingtherelationshipbetweenhumansandmicro
bes?
A) Themajorityof microorganismsthatcolonizehumansarepathogenic
B) Microorganisms are benefited from their colonization of humans, whereas humans
areunaffectedby therelationship
C) Humansarecolonizedbybacteriaandfungi,butnotviruses
D) Notonlydo themajority ofcolonizing bacteria causenoharm tohumans,
therelationshipisbeneficialforboth microbeand human host
Answer:DSection:
01.01
Topic:Microbial
RolesBloom's:03. Apply
ASMTopic: Module05Systems
76) Whichlistcorrectlyranksthemicroorganismsfromlargesttosmallest?
A) Zikavirus, Bacillus anthracis, Aspergillissp.,Helminth
B) Aspergillissp.,Zikavirus, Bacillusanthracis,Helminth
C) Bacillusanthracis,Helminth,Aspergillissp.,Zikavirus
D) Helminth,Aspergillissp.,Bacillus anthracis,Zikavirus
E) Helminth,Aspergillissp., Zikavirus, Bacillusanthracis,
Answer:DSection:
01.01
Topic:Taxonomy of
77) TheNobelPrizewasawardedtoKaryMullisin1993forinventingwhattechniquetoamplifyandsubs
equently analyzeDNA?
A) Polymerase chainreaction
B) Thecentraldogmaof biology
C) Restrictionenzymeanalysis
D) Humanmicrobiomeproject
E) SmallRNAanalysis
Answer:ASection:
01.02
Topic:History of
MicrobiologyBloom's:01.Remember
78) Whichofthe following statementscorrectlydeterminesthe

processwhenfollowingthescientificmethod?
A) Formulatequestion, conduct research,propose hypothesis, test hypothesis
B) Proposehypothesis,testhypothesis,formulatequestion,conductresearch
C) Formulatequestion,proposehypothesis,testhypothesis,conductresearch
D) Conductresearch,formulatequestion,propose hypothesis,testhypothesis
Answer:ASection:
01.02
Topic:History of
ASMTopic:Module07 ScientificThinking
ASM Objective:07.01a Ability to apply the process of science: Demonstrate an ability
toformulatehypothesesand design experiments,based on the scientificmethod.
79) Ifahypothesisis accepted,thenthefindingsbecome ascientificlaw.
Answer:FALSESe
ction:01.02
Topic:History of
ASMObjective:07.01aAbilitytoapplytheprocessof
science:Demonstrateanabilitytoformulatehypothesesand designexperiments, based on
thescientificmethod.
80) Theacceptanceorrejection ofahypothesis isbasedon

aseriesofeducatedguessesandopinions.Oncetheopinion is widely accepted it
becomesatheory.
Answer:FALSESe
ction:01.02
Topic:History of
ASMObjective:07.01bAbilitytoapplytheprocessofscience:Analyzeandinterpretresultsfromavariet
y ofmicrobiological methods,and applythesemethodsto analogoussituations.
81) Whichofthe featureslistedbelowisnot foundinallcells?

A) Cytoplasmicmembrane
B) Ribosomes
C) DNA
D) Nucleus
Answer:DSection:
01.03
Topic:Cellular
OrganizationBloom's:02.Un
derstand
ASMObjective:01.05Theevolutionaryrelatedness oforganismsisbestreflected in
phylogenetictrees.
82) Despitethelackofamembrane-
boundnucleus,bacteriaandarchaeaarecellswithacomplexorganizationalstructure.
Answer:TRUESec
tion:01.03
Topic:Cellular
OrganizationBloom's:02.Un
derstand
ASMObjective:01.05Theevolutionaryrelatedness oforganismsisbest
reflectedinphylogenetictrees.
83) Organismswereclassifiedintokingdomsastheyweredefined.Whichlistreflectstheorderofdiscov
ery ofthekingdoms as weknow them today?
A) Monera,protista, fungi,plants andanimals
B) Plantsandanimals,protista,monera,fungi
C) Fungi,monera,plants andanimals,protista
D) Protista,fungi,monera,plantsandanimals,
E) Monera,plantsand animals,protista,fungi
Answer:BSection:
01.01
Topic:Taxonomy of
d
84) CarlWoeseand GeorgeFoxdeveloped thethree-domain systemoftaxonomy

basedonwhatmoleculardiscovery?
A) Variationsintheribonucleic acidofthesmall ribosomalsubunitoforganisms
B) Mutationsinenzymeproteins
C) Geneticanalysisshowingthatbacteria andarchaeaareidentical
D) Molecularanalysisof
genesshowingthateukaryotesevolvedfrombacteria,andbacteriaevolvedfrom archaea
Answer:ASection:
01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
NCLEXPrep-TestBankQuestion:Pleasereadtheclinicalscenario,and
thenanswerthequestionsthatfollowtobecome familiarwiththetraditional NCLEXquestionformat.
Ms. Smith is a 29-year-old patient at the outpatient psychiatric clinic. While completing
herassessmentyounoticeherhandsarered,raw,andshowsignsofrecentbleeding.Sheexplainsthatshew
ashesall
herclothesinbleach,andusesthechemicaltocleanherhandsseveraltimesaday.Shestates"Ineedtosterili
zemyselfandmyenvironmentofallgermssoIdonotgetsick."Whiledevelopinghernursingplanofcare,y
oueducateherabouttheimportanceofbacteriatothehealthandwell being of not only humans, but also
ourplanet.
85) MicroorganismshaveinhabitedtheEarthfor billions ofyears,andcanbefoundinhabiting

avariety of environments. In fact, microbes performing anoxygenic photosynthesis led to
theoxygenationofearlyEarth'satmosphere.Theseancientorganismswere .
A) bacteria
B) eukaryotes
C) viruses
D) prions
Answer:ASection:
01.01
Topic:Cellular Organization; History of
ASMTopic:Module01 Evolution;Module05 Systems
ASMObjective: 01.01Cells, organelleN sU
(eR.gSI. NmGiTtoBc.C
hoOnMdriaand chloroplasts) and all major
metabolic pathways evolved from early prokaryotic cells.; 05.03 Microorganisms and
theirenvironmentinteract with and modify each other.
86) TheRNappliestherapeuticcommunicationtechniquestoassessofMs.Smith'sunderstandingofthe
principleofsterility.Herstatementof"IneedtosterilizemyselfandmyenvironmentofallgermssoIdonot
getsick"wouldbebestfollowedbywhichofthefollowingquestionsbytheRN?
A) Howdoes being inanunsterileenvironmentmakeyou feel?
B) Canyou tellmemore aboutwhat sterility meansto you?
C) Howdoeswashingyourhandswith bleachmakeyousterile?
D) Canyou tellmemoreabout whyyou areafraidofgerms?
Answer:BSection:
01.01
Topic:Microbial
ASMTopic:Module05Systems; Module06Impactof Microorganisms
ASMObjective:05.03Microorganisms andtheirenvironment interactwithand
modifyeachother.;05.04Microorganisms,cellularandviral,interactwithbothhumanandnon-
humanhostsinbeneficial,neutral or detrimental ways.
87) AsMs.Smithprogresseswithherplanofcare,theRNprovideseducationregardingbeneficialapplica
tionsofmicrobes.Scientistsusemicrobestoproducedrugs,hormones,andenzymes.Thistype of
biotechnology involves the transfer of foreign genetic material into a microbe, a processcalled .
A) recombinantDNAtechnology
B) genetherapy
C) bioremediation
D) polymerasechainreaction
Answer:ASection:
01.01
Topic:Microbial Roles; Basics of Genetic
EngineeringBloom's:03. Apply
ASMTopic:Module04 InformationFlow;Module 06Impactof Microorganisms
ASMObjective:04.05Cellgenomes can bemanipulated toalter cell function.;06.03
Humansutilizeand harness microorganisms and theirproducts.
NCLEXPrep-TestBankQuestion:Pleasereadtheclinicalscenario,and
thenanswerthequestionsthatfollowtobecome familiarwiththetraditional NCLEXquestionformat.
Wandaisamedicalassistantandthenewestemployeeofyourhealthcareteam.Younoticethatshedoes
not wash her hands in between patient visits. From your microbiology background,
youunderstand that microbes are not visible with the naked eye. As the only nurse in your
smallmedical office, you provide education foNrUWRaSnIN
dGaToBn.CthOeMimportanceof hand washing.
88) Manymicrobesthatinhabittheskinhavethepotentialtocausedisease.Onesuchpathogenis
Staphylococcusaureus.Thegenusname ofthisorganismis mostproperlyrepresentedas
.
A) aureus
B) Staphylococcus
C) staphylococcus
D) Aureus
Answer:BSection:
01.04
Topic:Taxonomy of
ASMTopic:Module01 Evolution;Module05 Systems
ASMObjective:01.05Theevolutionaryrelatedness oforganisms isbest
reflectedinphylogenetictrees.;05.04Microorganisms,cellularandviral,interactwith
bothhumanandnon-humanhosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways.
89) Wanda is receptive to the nurse's teaching. In reinforcing the prevalence of microbes in
ourenvironment, the nurse describes the experiments of Louis Pasteur. Pasteur hypothesized
thatmicrobeswereintheairanddust.Throughexperimentsusing swan-
neckedflasks,hedisprovedtheconceptof .
A) spontaneousmutation
B) spontaneousgeneration
C) aseptictheory
D) biogenesis
Answer:BSection:
01.02
Topic:History of
ASMTopic:Module05 Systems
ASMObjective:05.01Microorganisms areubiquitousand livein diverseanddynamicecosystems.
90) Handwashinginthehealthcareenvironmentis aimedatreducingthenumberofmicrobes inthe

medical setting to prevent the spread of infection and disease. Which of these terms
bestrepresentsthis technique?
A) Sterilization
B) Asepsis
C) Disinfection
D) Antisepsis
Answer:BSection:
01.01
Topic:Microbial
ASMObjective:05.01Microorganismsareubiquitous andlivein diverseand dynamicecosystems.;
05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, interact with both human and non-humanhostsin
beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways.
91) Virusesmayalsobetransmittedtopatients,even thoughtheydifferfrombacteriainthat theyare

.
A) parasiticinvertebrateanimals
B) infectiousproteins
C) metabolicallyactiveeukaryotes
D) noncellularparticles
Answer:DSection:
01.01
Topic:General Viral
PropertiesBloom's:03. Apply
NCLEXPrep-
TestBankQuestion:Pleasereadtheclinicalscenario,andthenanswerthequestionsthatfollowtobecome
familiarwiththetraditional NCLEXquestionformat.
Breonna Jones is 16 years old, 5'4", and weighs 93 lb. She was admitted to an inpatient
medicalunit2daysagoaftercollapsingatthelocalhighschool.Herparentsknewshewasskinnyandhadlo
st weight in the past few months, but had no idea that her life was in danger. The medical
teamhasinstitutedtreatmentforanorexianervosa.As
youdevelopBreonna'snursingplanofcare,youtakeinto
considerationthefourmajorbiologicalmolecules thatarebuildingblocks ofall cells.
92) The nurse implements an extensive nutrition education plan for Breonna, beginning at
themolecular level. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four main
families ofbiologicalmoleculesreferredtoas .
A) macromolecules
B) monosaccharides
C) polysaccharides
D) micromolecules
Answer:ASection:
01.03
03.Apply
ASMTopic:Module07ScientificThinking
disciplines:Effectivelycommunicatefundamental coNnUcReSpItN
sGoTfBm.CicOrM
obiology, in written and oral
format.
93) Thestructureofproteinsiscomplexandunique,andonlyspecificmoleculescaninteractwiththeir
surface features. The natural shape of each protein is termed the native state. When
proteinsareexposedto heat,acid,oralcohol,theirshapeis disruptedand theybecomenonfunctional or
.
A) digested
B) denatured
C) distorted
D) depolymerized
Answer:BSection:
01.03
03.Apply
94) YouinformBreonnathatitisimportantforhertomaintainadietrichincarbohydrates,lipids,and
proteins, so that each of these macromolecules can be metabolized to form a high-
energycompoundcalled .
A) cGMP
B) RNA
C) ATP
D) NAD
Answer:CSection:
01.03
03.Apply
ASMObjective:07.03aAbilityto communicate andcollaboratewithother

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Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach, 3e

1) Whenhumansmanipulatethe genesofmicroorganisms,the processiscalled .

5) Livingthings ordinarily too small to beseen with theunaided eyearetermed .

8) Thefirstcells appearedabout billion years

9) Whichofthefollowingis notahumanuseof microorganisms?

13) Whichofthe following isauniquecharacteristicofvirusesthat

17) TheDutchmerchantwho madeandused qualitymagnifyinglenses

19) Thesurgeonwhoadvocated usingdisinfectantson handsandin theair priortosurgerywas

21) Whichscientistshowedthatanthrax wascausedbythe bacterium,Bacillusanthracis?

22) Ifyouwereamicrobiologist in1950,whichofthefollowingscientificprincipleswould

23) Taxonomydoes notinvolve .

26) Whichofthe following isataxon thatcontains allthe othertaxalisted?

27) Thesmallest andmost significanttaxon is .

29) Whichofthe following is ascientificname?

30) Whenassigning ascientificnameto anorganism,

33) Ascientiststudyingthesequenceofnucleotidesinthe rRNAofabacterialspeciesisworkingon .

34) Thescientist(s)whoproposedorganismsbe assignedtooneofthreedomainsis(are)

35) Whichscientificnameiswritten correctly?

39) Manychronicconditionsarefound tobeassociatedwith microbialagents.

41) Thetermsterilemeansfreeof alllifeforms.

42) Membersofthesame speciessharemanymorecharacteristics comparedto

43) Onceanorganismis assignedtoaparticulartaxonomichierarchy,itispermanentand

44) Virusesarenotclassified inany ofWhittaker'sfivekingdoms.

45) Thenamesofthethreedomains are:Bacteria,Protista,andEukarya(Eukaryota).

47) Microbeshavebeenfoundexisting insalty,acidiclakes.

48) Organicchemicalsalwayshaveabasic frameworkoftheelement bonded to

49) Mostbiochemicalmacromolecules arepolymers,which arechainsof _ .

50) Allof thefollowing aremonosaccharides except .

52) Allof thefollowing arelipidsexcept .

53) Whatpart ofaphospholipid formshydrophobic tails?

55) Thelipidgroupthatservesasenergystorage moleculesis .

56) Thelipid groupthat isthemajorcomponent of cell membranesis the .

57) Thebuilding blocksof anenzymeare .

58) Whichis nottrueaboutenzymes?

60) Whattypeofbondsareformedbetween adjacentaminoacids?

61) Thealpha helix is atypeof protein structure.

63) WhichpertainstoDNA butnottoRNA?

67) Purinesandpyrimidines are componentsin thebuilding blockunitsof all .

68) Whichofthefollowing isnot apyrimidine?

69) Duringprotein synthesis, RNAis madeas a copy ofagene from DNA.

71) Thepurine alwaysbinds withthe pyrimidine inDNAandRNA.

72) Allproteinsare enzymes.

78) Whichofthe following statementscorrectlydeterminesthe

79) Ifahypothesisis accepted,thenthefindingsbecome ascientificlaw.

80) Theacceptanceorrejection ofahypothesis isbasedon

81) Whichofthe featureslistedbelowisnot foundinallcells?

84) CarlWoeseand GeorgeFoxdeveloped thethree-domain systemoftaxonomy

85) MicroorganismshaveinhabitedtheEarthfor billions ofyears,andcanbefoundinhabiting

90) Handwashinginthehealthcareenvironmentis aimedatreducingthenumberofmicrobes inthe

91) Virusesmayalsobetransmittedtopatients,even thoughtheydifferfrombacteriainthat theyare

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