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Pathophysiology 6th Edition BanasikTest Bank

Chapter 01: Introduction to
PathophysiologyBanasik:Pathophysiology,
6thEdition

MULTIPLECHOICE

1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently

developeda pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of
102.3F, skinrash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He
complains of sorethroat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for
Streptococcus, andantibioticshavebeen prescribed.Theetiology of C.Q.’sdiseaseis
a. asorethroat.
b. streptococcalinfection.
c. geneticsusceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:B
Etiologyreferstothe proposedcauseorcauses of aparticulardiseaseprocess.Asorethroatis the
manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inheritedtendency to
develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also
aclinicalmanifestation ofthe diseaseprocess.

2. A17-year-oldcollege-
boundstudentreceivesavaccineagainstanorganismthatcausesmeningitis.This is an
exampleof
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:A
Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityorreducing exposurefor
susceptible individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the
earlydetection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention
includesrehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore
effectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthediseaseonceithasdevelope
d.

3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet
andexerciseprogram. This is an exampleof
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:B
Secondarypreventionisthe earlydetection,screening,
andmanagementofthediseasesuchasprescribing dietand exercisefor anindividual whohas
alreadydevelopedobesity.
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Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityorreducingexposurefor
susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive careand
attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease
treatmentinvolvesmanagement ofthe diseaseonceit has developed.
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict
sodiumintake.This is an exampleof
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:B
Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthedisease,suchas by
prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention isprevention of
disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptibleindividuals. Tertiary
prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts toalleviate disability and
restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involvesmanagementofthe diseaseonceit has
developed.

5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-

loweringmedication.This is an exampleof
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to
alleviatedisability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
loweringmedicationfollowing aheart attack.Primaryprevention isprevention
NRIGB.CM
ofdiseasebyaltering
susceptibility or reducingexpUosuSrefN
or sT
usceptibOleindividuals. Secondary prevention is the
earlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthedisease.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmana
gementofthe diseaseonceit has developed.

6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating
signsofthisdisease. Thisstageof illnessiscalled the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and
thefirstappearanceofsignsandsymptoms.Ininfectiousdiseases,thisperiodisoftencalledtheincub
ation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs andsymptoms
indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as
headache,malaise,anorexia, andnausea, whichare associatedwith anumber ofdifferent
diseases.
Sequelareferstosubsequentpathologicconditionresultingfromadisease.
Convalescenceisthestageof recovery after adisease,injury, or surgical operation.

7. Adiseasethatis nativetoaparticular regionis called

a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
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c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS:B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a
diseasethatspreadstomanyindividualsatthesametime.Pandemicsareepidemics
thataffectlargegeographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.

8. Ingeneral,withaging,organsizeandfunction
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remainthesame.
d. areunknown.
ANS:B
Ingeneral,withaging,organsizeandfunctiondecrease.

9. Thestageduringwhichthepatientfunctions normally,although
thediseaseprocessesarewellestablished, is referred to as
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:B
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes
arewellestablished,iscalledthesubclinicalstage.Theintervalbetweenexposureofatissuetoan
injurious agent and thefN st R
irU apSpI
eaNraGnT
ceBo.
fC
sigOnM
sand symptomsmaybe called alatent
periodor,inthecaseofinfectiousdiseases,anincubation period.Theprodromalperiod,or
prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of
adisease.Convalescenceis thestageof recoveryafteradisease,injury, orsurgicaloperation.

MULTIPLERESPONSE

1. Yourpatient’sredbloodcellisslightly elevatedtoday.Thismightbeexplained by(Selectall that

apply.)
a. genderdifference.
b. situationalfactors.
c. normalvariation.
d. culturalvariation.
e. illness.
ANS:A,B, C, E
Gender,situations(e.g., altitude),normal
variations,andillnessmayalldetermineredbloodcellcount.Cultureaffectshowmanifestations
areperceived(normalversus abnormal).

2. Socioeconomicfactors influencediseasedevelopment becauseof (Select all that apply.)

a. genetics.
b. environmentaltoxins.
c. overcrowding.
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d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
ANS:B,C, D, E
Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to environmental
toxins(occupational) and overcrowding, nutrition (over- or undernutrition), and hygiene
(e.g., indevelopingcountries). Geneticsis not influencedby socioeconomicfactors.

TRUE/FALSE

1. When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be

idiopathicANS:T
Manydiseasesareidiopathicinnature.

2. Thenurseisswabbinga
patient’sthroattotestforstreptococcalpharyngitis.Thenursemustunderstand that tests such as
this differ in the probability that they will be positive for aconditionwhenappliedto
apersonwiththe condition;thisprobability istermedsensitivity.

ANS:T
Thesensitivityofanytestreferstotheprobabilitythatthetestwillbepositivewhenappliedto a
person with the condition and will not provide a false negative result. In contrast,specificity
is the probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person who doesnot
haveagivencondition.