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India saved Rs 47,185 crore on higher energy efficiency in

three years between 2012 and 2015. The energy savings
was achieved on the back of robust implementation of
energy efficiency measures by Bureau of Energy Efficiency
(BEE)
The PAT (Perform, Achieve and Trade) scheme resulted in saving of
energy equivalent to 8.67 MTOE, exceeding the target by about 30
per cent. This also resulted in avoided generation of about 5,635
MW resulting in monetary savings of Rs 37,685 crores.
• Over 400 industries reduced their emissions by 31 MT of CO2,
around 2 per cent of annual CO2 emissions.
• 478 designated industries from 8 energy-intensive sectors -
Aluminium, Cement, Chlor-alkali, Fertilizer, Iron and Steel, Pulp
and Paper, Textiles and Thermal power plant.
• Together, these sectors account for around one-third of India’s
primary energy consumption.
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Under the PAT scheme, an Energy Audit is done to verify the
baseline energy consumption of a specific industry to assess the
current level of efficiency, and, thereafter, individual targets are
given to industrial units. These reduction targets in specific energy
consumption are assigned to large energy-intensive industries,
known as designated industries, for a three-year cycle. The targets
are decided based on their current levels of efficiency of the
industrial units.
• PAT is an initiative under the National Mission on Enhanced Energy
Efficiency (NMEEE) under the National Action Plan on Climate Change
(NAPCC).
• It is a market-based mechanism focused on reducing specific energy
consumption -- energy used per unit of production -- in large industries.
• The scheme facilitates these large, energy-intensive industries to achieve
their legal obligation under the Energy Conservation Act of 2001, while
also motivating them with market-based incentives to reduce their
energy use and surpass their individual energy saving targets.
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https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/india-saved-rs-47185-
BEC Bagalkot crore-on-higher-energy-efficiency-in-three-years/61217517
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• The overall energy consumption
reduction target under PAT II is
8.869 MTOE covering 11 sectors.
This includes 8 sectors of the first
PAT Cycle and three new sectors -
- Railways, power distribution
companies and petroleum
refineries
• The third PAT cycle includes 116
new units with a reduction target
of 1.06 MTOE.

April 1 April 1

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 Unit – IV
Energy Conservation
and
Demand Side Management

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06. Energy Conservation:
Introduction, Results of energy conservation, Principles of
energy conservation, Energy conservation planning,;
Energy conservation in different sectors: residential,
commercial, transportation, industry, electricity
generation, transmission & distribution, agricultural.
[05 Hrs]

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The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither
be created nor be destroyed, but it can be transformed from one
form to another.

Conservation is the process of reducing demand on a limited supply

and enabling that supply to begin to rebuild itself. Many times the
best way of doing this is to replace the energy used with an alternate.
Energy conservation is the optimum use of energy resources without
compromising the quality of output and comfort at work place.

Assignment:
What is the difference between energy conservation and the
principle of the conservation of energy?

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The goal with energy conservation techniques is reduce demand,
protect and replenish supplies, develop and use alternative energy
sources, and to clean up the damage from the prior energy processes.

Practical Methods of Energy Conservation:

1. Install CFL Lights
2. Lower the Room Temperature
3. Fix Air Leaks
4. Use Maximum Daylight
5. Get Energy Audit Done
6. Use Energy Efficient Appliances
7. Drive Less, Walk More and Carpooling
8. Switch Off Appliances when Not in Use
9. Plant Shady Landscaping
10. Install Energy Efficient Windows

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Other Methods of Energy Conservation:
1. Education
2. Zero Energy Balance
3. Alternative Power
4. Cap and Trade Agreements
5. Research & Development

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https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/energy-conservation-techniques.php
Energy Saving Potential in India

Table: Savings by use of high efficiency lamps

Sector % Saving
Economy as a whole 23
Agricultural 30
Industrial 25
Transport 20
Domestic and Commercial 20

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BEC Bagalkot
 Source: MOSPI, D&B Research
http://www.dnb.co.in/IndiasEnergySector2012/demand.asp

Fig: Consumption of Electricity by Sectors – Giga Watt Hours

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Energy Saving Potential in India few FACTS

• Assessed potential of 25,000 MW energy saving

• Energy efficiency/conservation and demand side management
measures can reduce peak and average demand
• One unit saved avoids 2.5 to 3 times of fresh capacity addition
highly cost effective
• Investment in energy efficiency/energy conservation is highly
cost effective
• Can be achieved with investment of less than Rs. 10 million/MW
• Also avoids fresh investment in fuel, mining, transportation etc.

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 Source: MOSPI, D&B Research
http://www.dnb.co.in/IndiasEnergySector2012/demand.asp

Fig: Change in Segmental Consumption (%)

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Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs)
1. ECOs in Agriculture Sector: Agricultural sector accounts for
about 30% of electricity consumption in India. The current energy
consumption in this sector, in India, is about 93000 million kWh
and the total number of pump sets is 11850000. About two lakh
pump sets are added every year.

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 Source: MOSPI, D&B Research
http://www.dnb.co.in/IndiasEnergySector2012/demand.asp

Fig: Growth in Electricity Consumption – Agri sector vs total (%)

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2. ECOs in Illumination Systems:

Table: Savings by use of high efficiency lamps

Lamp type Power Saving

Sector
Existing Proposed Watts %
Domestic/Commercial GLS 100 W *CFL 25 W 75 75
Industry GLS 13 W *CFL 9W 4 31
GLS 200 W TLD 36 W 40 20
TL 40 W 4 10
Industry/Commercial HPMV 250 W HPSV 150 W 100 37
HPMV 400 W HPSV 250 W 150 35
* Wattages of CFL include energy consumption in ballasts.

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Table: Saving potential by use of high efficiency lamps for Street Lighting

Existing Lamps Replaced Units Savings

Type W Life Type W Life W %

GLS 200 1000 ML 160 5000 40 07

GLS 300 1000 ML 250 5000 50 17
TL 2*40 5000 TL 2*36 5000 08 06
HPMV 125 5000 HPSV 70 12000 25 44
HPMV 250 5000 HPSV 150 12000 100 40
HPMV 400 5000 HPSV 250 12000 150 38

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 Table: Comparison of initial cost and life cycle cost
Cost of
Initial Annual
Sl. electricity as
Equipment Rating cost Electricity ALCC (Rs)
No %
(Rs) Cost (Rs)
of ALCC
1 Motor 20 hp 45,000 600,000 605,720 99.0
2 EE Motor 20 hp 60,000 502,600 512,700 98.0
3 Incandescent Lamp 100 W 30 1168 1198 97.5
4 CFL 11 W 350 128 240 53.6

EE - Energy Efficient; CFL - Compact fluorescent lamp; ALCC - Annualized life cycle
cost.

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 Source: MOSPI, D&B Research
http://www.dnb.co.in/IndiasEnergySector2012/demand.asp

Fig: Growth in Electricity Consumption – Domestic sector vs total (%)

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3. ECOs in Fans and Refrigeration:

FACT: Fans & Refrigerators are extensively used in Summer.

Use of high efficiency fan motor and use of electronic regulator (in
place of conventional resistance regulator) can lead to about 20%
saving in the energy. The fans with aerodynamic designs and
improved impellers consume about 10% less energy but are 30%
costlier as compared to conventional fans.

A typical 165 litre Indian refrigerator consumes about

540kWh/year. On the other hand the 200 litre Korean model
consumes about 240 kWh/year.

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4. ECOs in Cooling and Heating System: Air conditioners, Desert
Coolers (large fans) and Electric Water Heaters heavily consume
electricity.

Efficiency of air conditioner is expressed as energy efficiency ratio (EER)

which is BTU of cooling output divided by watts of input power. BIS
calls for an EER of6.6-7 whereas most of the air conditioners in India
have an EER ratio of 5.0 only.

Desert coolers are widely used in India in summer months. Consumes

20% more energy than BIS standards. Improvement in efficiency of fan
motor and that of water circulating pump is essential. Extra cost of Rs
500/cooler can lead to 20% improvement in the efficiency.

Energy savings in water heating can be achieved by using better

insulation techniques.

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 Source: MOSPI, D&B Research
http://www.dnb.co.in/IndiasEnergySector2012/demand.asp

Fig: Growth in Electricity Consumption – Commercial sector vs total (%)

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5. ECOs in Industrial Sector:

Fact: Electric motors are very widely used in industry. The most
common motors are squirrel cage induction motor (upto a few kW
rating) and wound rotor induction motor (for large kW
requirements).

Use of high efficiency motors can mean an energy saving of 2-5%.

However, high efficiency motors are about 25-35% more costly
than the standard efficiency motors.

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 Source: MOSPI, D&B Research
http://www.dnb.co.in/IndiasEnergySector2012/demand.asp

Fig: Growth in Electricity Consumption – Industrial sector vs total (%)

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Management and Organization of Energy Conservation Programs
The Human Aspect of Energy Conservation
• Energy Conservation and People
• The Involvement Tree

Elements of an Energy Management Program

• Promoting Energy Conservation
• Program Planning
• Setting Goals
• Setting Priorities
• Allocation of Resources
• Scheduling
• Program Implementation
• Measuring, Monitoring and Reporting

Organization of Energy Conservation Programs

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Organization of Energy Conservation (EC) Programs

Plant
Management
Division EC Manager
Plant EC Coordinator

Plant Steering Operating Maintenance

Committee Department’s EC Department’s EC
Representatives Representative
Operating Shift
Representatives

Fig: Plant-Level Organization

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 Director of EC

Division EC Manager

Distribution EC Engineering EC Steering Plant or Location

Coordinator Coordinator Committee EC Coordinator

Steering Steering Plant Steering

Committee Committee Committee

Terminal Plant Engineering

Representative Representative

Fig: Divisional-Level Organization

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 Executive
Vice President

Director of EC

Staff Consultant

EC Steering EC Technical Division Program

Committee Committee Manager

Fig: Corporate-Level Organization

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 Table: Energy Conservation Electro-Technologies

Sl. Conventional Energy Saving

Industrial Process Electro-technology
No Technology (in %)
1 Ferrous billet heating Gas/oil furnace Induction Furnace 20%
2 Drying Forced air dryer Microwave dryer 25%
3 Molten steel making Blast oxygen furnace Electric Furnace 60%

4 Aluminum welding Tungsten Inert Gas arc Electron beam weld 90%
welding

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 Questions ?

Contact
suresh.j@ieee.org

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 Wish You All
the BEST in your
GATE 2019

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