1.

Sunburn
If you have been sunburned, you will experience the signs and symptoms of sunburn within a few hours
of exposure to the sun. The affected skin will be painful, red and swollen. In some cases it might blister.
You may also have a headache, fever and nausea.

If you have a sunburn

1. Replace body fluids with water, juice, or sports drinks.

2.Apply aloe or over-the-counter moisturizing lotion to skin as directed.

3.To soothe and cool skin, take a cool bath or shower or apply cool compresses to the area.

4.For pain, take ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or acetaminophen (Tylenol).

5.If blisters form, don't break them.

6.Protect your skin from further sun exposure.

7.See your doctor if you develop large blisters. Large blisters are best removed, as they rarely will
remain intact on their own. Also seek medical help if you experience immediate complications, such as
worsening pain, a headache, blisters from spider bites, chicken pox, shingles, cold sores, and chronic
health conditions need special treatment.
2.Blisters
a. For a Blister That Has Not Popped

1.Try not to pop or drain it.

2.Leave it uncovered or cover loosely with a bandage.

3.Try not to put pressure on the area. If the blister is in a pressure area such as the bottom of the foot,
put a donut-shaped moleskin on it.

b. For a Blister That Has Popped

1.Wash the area with warm water and gentle soap. Do not use alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, or iodine.

2.Smooth down the skin flap that remains.

3.Apply antibiotic ointment to the area.

4.Cover the area loosely with a sterile bandage or gauze.

c. When to Drain a Blister

To drain a blister that is large, painful, or in an awkward spot:

1.Wash the area.

2.Sterilize a needle with rubbing alcohol and water.

3.Make a small hole at the edge of the blister. Gently squeeze out the fluid.

4.Wash the blister again and pat dry. Don’t remove the skin over the blister.

5.Smooth down the skin flap.

6.Apply antibiotic ointment.

7.Cover the area loosely with a sterile bandage or gauze.

4. Follow Up

. Change the bandage daily and whenever it gets dirty or wet.

. Avoid wearing shoes or doing the activity that caused the blister until it heals.
. Wear thick socks or work gloves for blisters on the feet or hands.
. See a doctor for signs of infection, including pus, fever, red or warm skin around the blister, red streaks
leading away from blister, swollen lymph glands, or increased pain or swelling, or if your last tetanus
shot was more than 10 years ago.
3.Sprain
For sprain , follow the RICE procedure :

1.Rest the injured part .

2.Apply ice or cold compress.

3.Compress the injury.

4.Elevate the injured part.

4.Allergy
Treatment and home remedies of shrimp and crab allergy:

1.Avoid eating seafood and shellfish if the affected person has history of shrimp and crab allergy.

2.Drink substantial amount of fluids if the individual experiences vomiting and diarrhea. Combine
lemon juice, salt and sugar in a glass of water and drink this several times a day to balance out the loss
of fluid in the body.

3.Take prescribed antihistamine medications.

4.Apply aloe vera for skin rashes and itchiness or applying cold sponge to lessen the discomfort

5.Eat vitamin C rich foods and eat banana or pomegranate if diarrhea is present

6.Drink lime water that is mixed with honey every morning in order to enhance the immune system of
the body.
5.Head, neck, and spinal injury
Treatment:

If you suspect a head, or neck, or spinal injury, you must keep the head, and neck, perfectly still until
emergency medical care arrives. Any movement of the head, neck, or back could result in paralysis or
death.

1.Check for a response. If giving rescue breaths, do not tilt the head backward. Pull the lower jaw open
instead.

To Immobilize the Head, and Neck,

2.Tell the person to lie still and not move his or her head, neck, back, etc.

3.Log roll or place rolled towels, etc. on both sides of the neck and/or body. Tie in place, but don’t
interfere with the person’s breathing. If necessary, use both of your hands, one on each side of the
person’s head to keep the head from moving.

4.Monitor for bleeding and shock. Keep the person warm with blankets, coats, etc.

5.Protect the neck and/or spine from bending or twisting. Place your hands on both sides of the neck.
Keep it in place until help arrives.

6.If the person is in the water, help the person float until a rigid board can be slipped under the head
and body, at least as far down as the buttocks.

7.If no board is available, get several people to take the person out of the water. Support the head and
body as one unit. Make sure the head does not rotate or bend in any way.

First Aid for Minor Head Injuries

1.Put an ice pack or bag of frozen vegetables in a cloth. Apply this to the injured area. Doing this helps
reduce swelling and bruising. Change it every 15 to 20 minutes for 1 to 2 hours. Do not put ice directly
o1n the skin. Cover an open, small cut with gauze and first-aid tape or an adhesive bandage.

2.Once you know there is no serious head injury, do normal activities again. Avoid strenuous ones.

3.Take an over-the-counter medicine for pain as directed.

4.Don’t drink alcohol or take any other sedatives or sleeping pill

5.During the next 24 hours, monitor the person. While asleep, wake the person every 2 hours to check
alertness. Ask something the person should know, such as a pet’s name, an address, etc. If the person
can’t be roused or respond normally, get immediate medical care.
If they’re responsive:

1. Reassure them and tell them not to move

2. Call 999/112 for an ambulance or ask someone else to call one for you

3. You need to stop their head or neck from moving to prevent further damage

4. To do this, kneel or lie behind their head. Rest your elbows on the ground or on your knees to keep
your arms steady. Grip each side of their head, without covering the ears, to support their head in this
position so that the head, neck and spine are in a straight line

5. You need to support the head until emergency services can take over, no matter how long it takes for
them to come. If there is someone who can help you, ask them to put rolled-up blankets, towels or
clothes on either side of the head to help support it.

If they’re unresponsive:

1. Open their airway using the jaw-thrust technique. To do this, put your fingertips at the angles of the
jaw and gently lift to open the airway, avoiding tilting the neck

2. Then check if they’re breathing

3. If they’re breathing, continue to support their head and call 999/112 for an ambulance. If you can’t
maintain an open airway then carefully follow the instructions of how to put someone with a spinal
injury in the recovery position.

If they’re not breathing, you’ll need to start CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

While waiting for help to arrive, keep checking their breathing, pulse and level of response.

If you suspect someone has a spinal injury:

1.Get help. Call 911 or emergency medical help.

2.Keep the person still. Place heavy towels on both sides of the neck or hold the head and neck to
prevent movement.

3.Modify CPR technique. If the person shows no signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or movement),
begin CPR, but do not tilt the head back to open the airway. Use your fingers to gently grasp the jaw and
lift it forward. If the person has no pulse, begin chest compressions.

4.Keep helmet on. If the person is wearing a helmet, don't remove it.

5.Don't roll alone. If you must roll the person because he or she is vomiting, choking on blood or in
danger of further injury, you need at least one other person. With one of you at the head and another
along the side of the injured person, work together to keep the person's head, neck and back aligned
while rolling the person onto one side.
Health 5
Portfolio For First Aid For Common Injuries and
Conditions
Project by Karen P. Baylosis