ml? = SECTION 2 Each and every Each can be a determiner and a pronoun. Every is only a determiner. 1 DIFFERENCES IN MEANING ach and every are similar in meaning and in some contexts both ate possible Every / Each person in the group wus fit an healthy. + We use each when we are thinking of all the separate individuals in the group: Each person chose a diferent route tothe beach. + Bvery refers more to the group as a whole (it is closer in meaning to all Every route was of about the same length + We use each to talk about two or more things, but wwe can only use every for more than two: Two routes, each one avoiding step hil, looked particularly attractive. 2 DIFFERENCES IN USE We use each and every as determiners with a singular oun and a singular verb: Every one of the walkers knows the area wel. (Each ‘one af is also possible but less common) Every We use every + after a possessive: 1 listened to his every word. + with some abstract nouns to emphasise that something is correct or necessary. You had every right to say that Thad every reason ta be fe up. ‘+ with plural nouns in phrases of frequency: We goto the seaside every few weeks. + with adverbs lke almast, nearly, just about, practically Practically every route was over two mils Each We use each as a pronoun: + with of + noun: Each of them took far longer than expected. Each of the walkers was well over sixty + on its own: There were six people in the group, and each was determined to win the race. (each one or each of them is more common) * after nouns and pronouns for emphasis: John and Angela each had their own supply of biscuits ‘They each took a map with them. 3 SINGULAR OR PLURAL? Each and every are followed by singular verbs. However, we commonly use a plural pronoun to reler back: Every person I asked says that they are going to enjoy the walk, * In formal English, after each, he / she is considered ‘more correct than they, although they is common: Each person claimed he/she / they would get to the beack first. 4 COMMON PHRASES They were all late, each and every one of thems. I rains every single time I go to France. Luckily, I only go there every now and then / every so often / every once in a while. On the other hand, I go to Belgium practically every other week. Brussels is every bit as romantic as Paris. Decide whether each, every or both are acceptable in these sentences You have cack / every right not to sign the contract. Each / Every of them gave their opinion in turn, ¢ Each / Every time I hear that music, it reminds me of you d Tcan read your every /each thought. [ike every /each one of them.@ In some of the following sentences each and every are possible; in others we can use only one of them. Cross out any words we cannot use. a You will each / every receive a name badge on arrival 'b Not every /each participant will necessarily be interested in each / every seminae. © Nearly every/ each time I see her, she’s wearing that blue and yellow floral dress. 4 You can record each / every event that takes place in this litle book. € Each / Every of these containers contains something, but not every /eack one has something valuable in it £ You have every’ each right to be dissatisfied with cevery/ each member of your team. g Ifyou don listen carefully to is every /each word, he'll ewist you around his litle finger. As every /each day passes, the situation seems to grow worse Fill cach of the blanks with one suitable word, Example: He's late practically every time we go out. a I don’t go out... evening. Every ...... evening. pethaps. b He bought a present for ..... of the children, ¢ Every culture... its own different customs and traditions Every so... my sister calls from Australia € He bought an enormous cake and ate crumb. £ In fact he had three different kinds of cake, two of last & He gave us... one slice and kept the rest for himself fh He had ..... intention of going to the party but in the end just fell asleep. i Heis every as good as you, 4 Llike going to the cinema every... and then, © Would you choose each or every if you were writing a song? Here are some lyrics to complete. of us was mischievous 1 say ‘Please stay’ to you = We were... out of reach, few years I remember your tears. once in a while I remember your smile, time | ever need a dime single day, Ido. 2G ong this can last are sounded + (8) time the water levels rise, But the fact that te | architecture, EACH AND EVERY © Fill each of the numbered blanks with one of the words listed. each every all whole was telling you about my family, wasn't I? It seems that not... (1) family is having the same problems. Since last week, I have spoken to nearly ...... (2) my colleagues and... (3) other one says that... (4) is sweetness and light in their family (5) of them. the... (6) family ~ sit down and... (7) of them takes turns to say something about what they're doing or have been doing and nearly... (8) other member of the family hangs on their... (9) word, There's (20) aggression; ..... (11) of the others shows anything but total interest in the others’... (12) story... (13) of them takes his or her turn and (14) of them listen —......_ (15) of them resents it... (16) Lean say is, they're Icky. Almost (17) meal we have together is spoilt because there's... (18) contact with anyone else and (19) of us remains a little island... (20) wonder my daughters don't come and visit very often. © Fit cach ofthe numbered blanks inthe passage with one suitable word. { Some famous places are disappointing: dity, cramped, and a bit ofa cliché. But there are others which, even though you've seen... (I) television programme ever made about I, ae e¥erY sn. (2) a8 wonderful 435 you'd imagined. The Grand Canyon is one ofthese and so, despite being next door toa main toad, i Stonehenge. Another is Venice which, in its entirety, remains a great work of at... (3) decaying aspect revealing an unexpected glimpse of water or starting (4) individual building or piazza displaying an exquisite sense of proportion, I return to Venice every .... (5) often in the course of my work and on each... (6) these occasions I have found something new to marl at, Alarm cries about how (7) now and then this city is sinking into the sea seems to add to its romantic atmosphere. Far more serious is the depopulation, for it seems that (9) about every ‘week another family leaves. Since 1945 more than half the population of Venice has moved to the mainland. ‘The rich own the great palazzos along the Grand Canal and visit every once in a (10}, but leave the ‘windows dark for the rest of the time. Mass tourism threatens the very structure of the city. It isa sad victim of its own success. 149