Exercise 14 (Solutions)

mathcity.org Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI

Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.1.4

Question # 1
3 æ 3ö
(i) Since sin x = - Þ x = sin -1 ç - ÷
2 è 2 ø
5p 4p
Þ x= , where x Î [ 0, 2p ]
3 3
(ii) Since cosecq = 2
1 1
Þ = 2 Þ sin q =
sinq 2
æ1ö p 5p
Þ q = sin -1 ç ÷ = , where q Î [ 0, 2p ]
è2ø 6 6
(iii) Do yourself
1
(iv) Since cot q =
3
1 1
Þ = Þ tan q = 3
tan q 3
p 4p
Þ q = tan -1 3 ( )
Þ q=
3
,
3
where q Î [ 0, 2p ]

Question # 2 (i)
1 1
Since tan 2 q = Þ tan q = ±
3 3
1 1
Þ tan q = or tanq = -
3 3
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
Þ q = tan -1 ç ÷ or q = tan -1 ç - ÷
è 3ø è 3ø
p 5p
Þ q= or q=
6 6
Since period of tan q is p
p 5p
Therefore general value of q = + np , + np
6 6
ìp ü ì 5p ü
So Solution Set = í + np ý U í + np ý where n ΢
î6 þ î6 þ

Question # 2 (ii)
4 2
Since cosec 2 q = Þ cosecq = ±
3 3
2 2
Þ cosecq = or cosecq = -
3 3
3 3
Þ sin q = or sinq = -
2 2
æ 3ö æ 3ö
Þ q = sin -1 ç ÷ or q = sin -1 ç - ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø
p 2p 4p 5p
Þ q= , or q= ,
3 3 3 3
FSc I / Ex. 14 - 2
Since period of cosecq is 2p
p 2p 4p 5p
Therefore general value of q = + 2np , + 2np , + 2np , + 2np
3 3 3 3
ìp ü ì 2p ü ì 4p ü ì 5p ü
Solution set = í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý where n ΢ .
î3 þ î 3 þ î 3 þ î 3 þ

Question # 2 (iii)
4 2
Since sec2 q = Þ secq = ±
3 3
2 2
Þ secq = or secq = -
3 3
3 3
Þ cosq = or cosq = -
2 2
æ 3ö æ 3ö
Þ q = cos -1 ç ÷ or q = cos -1 ç - ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø
p 11p 5p 7p
Þ q= , or q= ,
6 6 6 6
Q period of secq is 2p
p 5p 7p 11p
\ general values of q = + 2np , + 2np , + 2np , + 2np
6 6 6 6
ìp ü ì 5p ü ì 7p ü ì 11p ü
S.Set = í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý where n ΢ .
î6 þ î6 þ î 6 þ î 6 þ

Question # 2 (iv)
Do yourself
Question # 3
3tan 2 q + 2 3 tan q + 1 = 0
( ) ( )
3 tan q (1) + (1) = 0
2
Þ 3 tan q +2
2

( ) Þ ( )
2
Þ 3 tan q + 1 = 0 3 tan q + 1 = 0 Þ 3 tan q = -1
1 æ 1 ö 5p
Þ tan q = - Þ q = tan -1 ç - ÷ Þq= 6
3 è 3ø
Q period of tan q is p
5p
\ general value of q = + np , n ΢
6
Question # 4
tan 2 q - secq - 1 = 0
Þ ( sec 2 q - 1) - secq - 1 = 0
Þ sec2 q - 1 - secq - 1 = 0 Þ sec2 q - secq - 2 = 0
Þ sec2 q - 2secq + secq - 2 = 0 Þ secq ( secq - 2 ) + 1( secq - 2 ) = 0
Þ ( secq + 1)( secq - 2 ) = 0
Þ ( secq + 1) = 0 or ( secq - 2 ) = 0
Þ secq = -1 or secq = +2
1
Þ cosq = -1 or cosq =
2
 FSc I / Ex. 14 - 3

æ1ö
Þ q = cos -1 ( -1) or q = cos -1 ç ÷
è2ø
3p p 5p
Þ q= or q= ,
2 6 6
Q period of cosq is 2p
3p p 5p
\ general value of q = + 2np , + 2np , + 2np where n ΢
2 6 6
Question # 5
2sin q + cos 2 q - 1 = 0
Þ 2sin q + 1 - sin 2 q - 1 = 0 Þ - sin 2 q + 2sin q = 0
Þ - sinq ( sin q - 2 ) = 0
Þ - sinq = 0 or sinq - 2 = 0
Þ sin q = 0 or sin q = 2
Þ q = sin -1 ( 0 ) Which does not hold as sinq Î [-1,1]
Þ q =0, p
Q period of sinq is 2p
\ general value of q = 0 + 2np , p + 2np
= 2np , p + 2np where n ΢

Question # 6
3cos 2 q - 2 3 sin q cosq - 3sin 2 q = 0
Dividing throughout by cos 2 q
3cos 2 q 2 3 sin q cosq 3sin 2 q
- - =0
cos 2 q cos 2 q cos 2 q
Þ 3 - 2 3 tan q - 3tan 2 q = 0
Þ - 3tan 2 q - 2 3 tan q + 3 = 0
Þ 3tan 2 q + 2 3 tan q - 3 = 0 ×ing by -1

( ) - 4 ( 3)( -3)
2
-2 3 ± 2 3
Þ tan q =
2 ( 3)
-2 3 ± 12 + 36 -2 3 ± 48
Þ tan q = =
6 6
-2 3 ± 16 ´ 3 -2 3 ± 4 3
= =
6 6
-2 3 + 4 3 2 3 -2 3 - 4 3 6 3
Þ tan q = = or tanq = =-
6 6 6 6
3 3 1
Þ tan q = = = or Þ tan q = - 3
( )
2
3 3 3

æ 1 ö
Þ q = tan -1 ç
è 3ø
÷ or (
q = tan -1 - 3 )
p 11p
Þ q= or q=
6 6
Q period of tan q is p
p 11p
\ general value of q = + np , + np where n ΢ .
6 6
FSc I / Ex. 14 - 4
Question # 8
4sin 2 q - 8cosq + 1 = 0
Þ 4 (1 - cos 2 q ) - 8cosq + 1 = 0 Þ 4 - 4cos 2 q - 8cosq + 1 = 0
Þ - 4cos 2 q - 8cosq + 5 = 0 Þ 4cos 2 q + 8cosq - 5 = 0
Þ 4cos 2 q + 10cosq - 2cosq - 5 = 0
Þ 2cosq ( 2cosq + 5) - 1( 2cosq + 5) = 0 Þ ( 2cosq + 5 )( 2cosq - 1) = 0
Þ 2cosq + 5 = 0 or 2cosq - 1 = 0
Þ 2cosq = -5 or 2cosq = 1
-5 1
Þ cosq = or cosq =
2 2
æ -5 ö æ1ö
Þ q = cos -1 ç ÷ or q = cos -1 ç ÷
è 2 ø è2ø
p 5p
Which is not possible as cosq Î [-1,1] or q = ,
3 3
Q period of cosq is 2p
p 5p
\ general value of q = + 2p n, + 2np where n ΢ .
3 3
Question # 9
3 tan x - sec x - 1 = 0 ………… (i )
sin x 1
Þ 3 - -1 = 0
cos x cos x
Þ 3 sin x - 1 - cos x = 0 ´ing by cosq .
Þ 3 sin x - 1 = cos x
On squaring both sides.
( )
3 sin x - 1 = ( cos x )
2 2

Þ 3sin 2 x - 2 3 sin x + 1 = cos 2 x

Þ 3sin 2 x - 2 3 sin x + 1 = 1 - sin 2 x
Þ 3sin 2 x - 2 3 sin x + 1 - 1 + sin 2 x = 0 Þ 4sin 2 x - 2 3 sin x = 0
(
Þ 2sin x 2sin x - 3 = 0 )
Þ 2sin x = 0 or 2sin x = 3
3
Þ sin x = 0 or sin x =
2
æ 3ö
Þ x = sin -1 ( 0 ) or x = sin -1 ç ÷
è 2 ø
p 2p
Þ x=0 , p or x= ,
3 3
Now to check extraneous roots put x = 0 in (i )
L.H.S = 3 tan(0) - sec(0) - 1 = 0 - 1 - 1 = -2 ¹ 0 = R.H.S
Implies that x = 0 is an extraneous root of given equation.
Now put x = p in (i)
L.H.S = 3 tan(p ) - sec(p ) - 1 = 0 - (-1) - 1 = 0 = R.H.S
Implies that x = p is a root of the equation.
p
Now put x = in (i )
3
 FSc I / Ex. 14 - 5

æp ö æp ö
L.H.S =
è3ø è3ø
( )
3 tan ç ÷ - sec ç ÷ - 1 = 3 3 - 2 - 1 = 1 - 2 - 1 = 0 = R.H.S

p
Implies that x = is a root of given equation.. Since period of tan is p .
3
2p
Now put x = in (i )
3
æ 2p ö æ 2p ö
L.H.S = 3 tan ç ÷ - sec ç ÷ -1
è 3 ø è 3 ø
( )
= 3 - 3 - ( -2 ) - 1 = -3 + 2 - 1 = - 2 = R.H.S
2p
Implies x = is an extraneous root of given equation.
3
Q period of sin x is 2p
p
\ general values of x = p + 2np , + 2np
3
ìp ü
Solution Set = {p + 2np } U í + 2np ý where n ΢ .
î3 þ
Question # 10
cos 2 x = sin 3x
Þ cos 2 x - sin 2 x = 3sin x - 4sin 3 x Q cos 2 x = cos 2 x - sin 2 x
Þ cos 2 x - sin 2 x - 3sin x + 4sin 3 x = 0 sin 3x = 3sin x - 4sin 3 x
Þ (1 - sin 2 x ) - sin 2 x - 3sin x + 4sin 3 x = 0
Þ 1 - 2sin 2 x - 3sin x + 4sin 3 x = 0
Þ 4sin 3 x - 2sin 2 x - 3sin x + 1 = 0
Take sin x = 1 as a root then by synthetic division

1 4 -2 -3 1
¯ 4 2 -1
4 2 -1 0

Þ ( sin x - 1) ( 4sin 2 x + 2sin x - 1) = 0

Þ sin x - 1 = 0 or 4sin 2 x + 2sin x - 1 = 0
-2 ± ( 2) - 4 ( 4 )( -1)
2

Þ sin x = 1 or sin x =
2 ( 4)
-2 ± 4 + 16 -2 ± 20
Þ x = sin -1 (1) or sin x = =
8 8
p -2 + 20 -2 - 20
Þ x= or sin x = or sin x =
2 8 8
sin x = 0.309 or sin x = -0.809
Þ x = sin ( 0.309 ) or
-1
x = sin -1 ( -0.809 )
» 18, 162 or » 234 , 306
p p p p
Þ x = 18 × , 162 × or x = 234 × , 306 ×
180 180 180 180
p 9p 13p 17p
= , or = ,
10 10 10 10
FSc I / Ex. 14 - 6
Q period of sin x is 2p
p 9p 13p 17p p
\ general value of x =+ 2np , + 2np , + 2np , + 2np , + 2np
10 10 10 10 2
ìp ü ì 9p ü ì13p ü ì17p ü ìp ü
S.Set = í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý
î10 þ î 10 þ î 10 þ î 10 þ î2 þ

Question No. 11
sec3q = secq
1 1
Þ =
cos3q cosq
Þ cos3q = cosq
Þ 4cos3 q - 3cosq = cosq Q cos3q = 4cos3 q - 3cosq
Þ 4cos3 q - 3cosq - cosq = 0
Þ 4cos3 q - 4cosq = 0
(
Þ 4cosq cos 2 q - 1 = 0)
Þ 4cosq = 0 or cos 2 q - 1 = 0
Þ cosq = 0 or cos 2 q = 1
Þ q = cos -1 (0) or cosq = ±1 Þ q = cos -1 (1) , q = cos -1 ( -1)
p 3p
Þ q= , or q =0,p
2 2
Q period of cosq is 2p
p 3p
\ general values of q = + 2np , + 2np , 0 + 2np , p + 2np
2 2
p 3p
= + 2np , + 2np , np
2 2
ìp ü ì 3p ü
S. Set = í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý U {np } where n ΢ .
î2 þ î 2 þ

Question # 12
tan 2q + cot q = 0
Þ tan 2q = - cot q
sin 2q cosq 2sinq cosq cosq
Þ =- Þ =-
cos 2q sin q cos q - sin q
2 2
sinq
Þ ( 2sin cosq )( sin q ) = ( - cosq ) ( cos 2 q - sin 2 q )
Þ 2sin 2 q cosq = - cos3 q + sin 2 q cosq
Þ 2sin 2 q cosq + cos3 q - sin 2 q cosq = 0
Þ sin 2 q cosq + cos3 q = 0
( )
Þ cosq sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 0 Þ cosq (1) = 0
Þ q = cos -1 (0)
p 3p
= ,
2 2
Q period of cosq is 2p
p 3p
\ general values of q = + 2np , + 2np
2 2
ìp ü ì 3p ü
S. Set = í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý where n ΢ .
î2 þ î2 þ
 FSc I / Ex. 14 - 7
Question # 13
sin 2 x + sin x = 0
Þ 2sin x cos x + sin x = 0 Q sin 2q = 2sinq cosq
Þ sin x ( 2cos x + 1) = 0
Þ sin x = 0 or 2cos x + 1 = 0
1 æ 1ö
Þ x = sin -1 (0) or cos x = - Þ x = cos -1 ç - ÷
2 è 2ø
2p 4p
Þ x=0,p or x= ,
3 3
Q period of sin x and cos x is 2p
2p 4p
\ general values of x = 0 + 2np , p + 2np , + 2np , + 2np
3 3
2p 4p
= np , + 2np , + 2np
3 3
ì 2p ü ì 4p ü
So solution set = { np } U í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý where n ΢ .
î 3 þ î 3 þ

Question # 14
sin 4 x - sin 2 x = cos3x
æ 4x + 2x ö æ 4x - 2x ö
Þ 2cos ç ÷ sin ç ÷ = cos3x
è 2 ø è 2 ø
Þ 2cos3 x sin x - cos3 x = 0
Þ cos3x ( 2sin x - 1) = 0
Þ cos3x = 0 or 2sin x - 1 = 0
1
Þ 3x = cos-1 (0) , sin x =
2
p 3p æ1ö
Þ 3x = , , x = sin -1 ç ÷
2 2 è2ø
p p p 5p
Þ x= , , x= ,
6 2 6 6
2p
Since period of cos3x is and period of sin x is 2p
3
p 2np p 2np p 5p
\ general values of x = + , + , + 2np , + 2np
6 3 2 3 6 6
ìp 2np ü ìp 2np ü ìp ü ì 5p ü
So solution set = í + ýUí + ý U í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý where n ΢ .
î6 3 þ î2 3 þ î6 þ î6 þ

Question # 15
sin x + cos3x = cos5 x
Þ sin x = cos5 x - cos3 x
æ 5 x + 3x ö æ 5x - 3x ö
Þ sin x = -2sin ç ÷ sin ç ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø
Þ sin x = -2sin 4 x sin x
Þ sin x + 2sin 4 x sin x = 0
Þ sin x (1 + 2sin 4 x ) = 0
Þ sin x = 0 or 1 + 2sin 4 x = 0
1 æ 1ö
Þ x = sin -1 (0) or sin 4 x = - Þ 4 x = sin -1 ç - ÷
2 è 2ø
FSc I / Ex. 14 - 8
7p 11p 7p 11p
Þ x=0 , p or 4x = , Þ x= ,
6 6 24 24
2p p
Since period of sin x is 2p and period of sin 4x is =
4 2
7p np 11p np
\ general values of x = 0 + 2np , p + 2np , + , +
24 2 24 2
ì 7p np ü ì11p np ü
So solution set = {2np } U {p + 2np } U í + ýUí + ý where n ΢ .
î 24 2 þ î 24 2 þ

Question # 16
sin 3x + sin 2 x + sin x = 0
Þ ( sin 3x + sin x ) + sin 2 x = 0
æ 3x + x ö æ 3x - x ö
Þ 2sin ç ÷ cos ç ÷ + sin 2 x = 0 Þ 2sin 2 x cos x + sin 2 x = 0
è 2 ø è 2 ø
Þ sin 2 x ( 2cos x + 1) = 0
Þ sin 2 x = 0 or 2cos x + 1 = 0
1
Þ 2 x = sin -1 (0) or cos x = -
2
æ 1ö
Þ 2x = 0 , p or x = cos -1 ç - ÷
è 2ø
p 2p 4p
Þ x=0 , or x= ,
2 3 3
2p
Since period of sin 2x is = p and period of cos x is 2p
2
p 2p 4p
\ general values of x = 0 + np , + np , + 2np , + 2np
2 3 3
ìp ü ì 2p ü ì 4p ü
S. Set = {np } U í + np ý U í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý where n ΢ .
î2 þ î 3 þ î 3 þ

Question # 17
sin 7 x - sin x = sin 3x
æ 7x + x ö æ 7x - x ö
Þ 2cos ç ÷ sin ç ÷ = sin 3x
è 2 ø è 2 ø
Þ 2cos 4 x sin 3x - sin 3x = 0
Þ sin 3x ( 2cos 4 x - 1) = 0
Þ sin 3x = 0 or 2cos 4 x - 1 = 0
1
Þ 3 x = sin -1 ( 0 ) or cos 4 x =
2
æ 1 ö p 5p
Þ 3x = 0 , p or 4 x = cos -1 ç ÷ = ,
è2ø 3 3
p p 5p
Þ x=0 , or x= ,
3 12 12
2p 2p p
Since period of sin 3x is and period of cos 4x is =
3 4 2
2np p 2np p np 5p np
\ general values of x = 0 + , + , + , +
3 3 3 12 2 12 2
ì 2np ü ìp 2np ü ì p np ü ì 5p np ü
So S. set = í ýUí + ýUí + ýUí + ý where n ΢ .
î 3 þ î3 3 þ î12 2 þ î 12 2 þ
 FSc I / Ex. 14 - 9

Question # 18
sin x + sin 3x + sin 5 x = 0
Þ ( sin 5 x + sin x ) + sin 3x = 0
æ 5x + x ö æ 5x - x ö
Þ 2sin ç ÷ × cos ç ÷ + sin 3x = 0
è 2 ø è 2 ø
Þ 2sin 3x cos 2 x + sin 3x = 0
Þ sin 3x ( 2cos 2 x + 1) = 0
Þ sin 3x = 0 or 2cos 2 x + 1 = 0
æ 1ö
Þ 3 x = sin -1 ( 0 ) 2cos 2 x = -1 Þ 2 x = cos -1 ç - ÷
or
è 2ø
2p 4p
Þ 3x = 0 , p or 2x = ,
3 3
p p 2p
Þ x=0 , or x= ,
3 3 3
2p 2p
Since period of sin 3x is and period of cos 2x is =p
3 2
2np p 2np p 2p
\ general values of x = 0 + , + , + np , + np
3 3 3 3 3
ì 2np ü ìp 2np ü ìp ü ì 2p ü
S.Set = í ýUí + ý U í + np ý U í + np ý where n ÎZ
î 3 þ î3 3 þ î3 þ î 3 þ

Question # 19
sinq + sin 3q + sin 5q + sin 7q = 0
Þ ( sin 7q + sinq ) + ( sin 5q + sin 3q ) = 0
æ 7q + q ö æ 7q - q ö æ 5q + 3q ö æ 5q - 3q ö
Þ 2sin ç ÷ cos ç ÷ + 2sin ç ÷ cos ç ÷=0
è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø
Þ 2sin 4q cos3q + 2sin 4q cosq = 0
Þ 2sin 4q ( cos3q + cosq ) = 0
æ æ 3q + q ö æ 3q - q öö
Þ 2sin 4q ç 2cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷÷ = 0
è è 2 ø è 2 øø
Þ 4sin 4q cos 2q cosq = 0
Þ sin 4q = 0 or cos 2q = 0 or cosq = 0
Þ 4q = sin -1 ( 0 ) , 2q = cos -1 ( 0 ) , q = cos -1 ( 0 )
p 3p p 3p
Þ 4q = 0 , p or 2q = , or q = ,
2 2 2 2
p p 3p
Þ q =0 , or q= ,
4 4 4
2p p 2p
Since period of sin 4q is = , cos 2q is = p and cosq is 2p
4 2 2
np p np p 3p p 3p
\ general values of q = 0 + , + , + np , + np , + 2np , + 2np
2 4 2 4 4 2 2
ì np ü ì p np ü ì p ü ì 3p ü ìp ü ì 3p ü
S. Set = í ý U í + ý U í + np ý U í + np ý U í + 2np ý U í + 2np ý .
î 2 þ î4 2 þ î4 þ î 4 þ î2 þ î 2 þ
FSc I / Ex. 14 - 10
Question # 20
cosq + cos3q + cos5q + cos7q = 0
Þ ( cos7q + cosq ) + ( cos5q + cos3q ) = 0
æ 7q + q ö æ 7q - q ö æ 5q + 3q ö æ 5q - 3q ö
Þ 2cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷ + 2cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷=0
è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø
Þ 2cos 4q cos3q + 2cos 4q cosq = 0
Þ 2cos 4q ( cos3q + cosq ) = 0
æ æ 3q + q ö æ 3q - q ö ö
Þ 2cos 4q ç 2cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷÷ = 0
è è 2 ø è 2 øø
Þ 4cos 4q cos 2q cosq = 0
Now do yourself as above question.

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