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GyayhedCle gent! 4k gt paatl ike gant y 285 Set Theory be ell pp ELL alll gal oe opted bE Seu tap dss U al gc(Set Theory)ote poHh 5 Qaalul rable iS bey feels y «(1918-1845)pLe(George Cantor) S191 oH Al Ley Sl kel pe WE G5 8b Eps ll Me sls ost! [SYR Y 2 Bob yas tally eb! Ghlly Holes ole yl GAS ye Lull poldll Gay Lalll Me G plies OLS! [de ols ae ye Glas L Definitions And Examples atisjg WasjLe3 1-1 Lele Bysty gS U ts gil Ang Ute, Ayla jae Sh LS GPM headll Gs tN ts ll Set degoakt 1-1-1 Lee sem pts tee JS Ui ably tp pecll LAY gp oe ead Ut 204, b, Cy. i pene By 4 Ls pols po py (A,B,C. A ={4,5 ,9,2,1} No =/1,2, } B ={fa,b,e } S ={xeN :5 A=B 3-1 Slee A={x EN ,4 A =B Subset agijod! do geott 4-1-1 A pe pas JS NS 13] Bie gol oye Aye Ue get A de gaHl ol Syl (proper subset)ilas 3 ;> de p02 A 0) Sp9 ACB ASB yp pow yr apd 09S Wis (ASB) 9A) AR YB ge poe dey BB ye rye ole II le le 5 jd! de pat) AcCB>a¢cAaeB 4-1d kes ACB 5b B={1,5,2,4,6} 54 =(2,4,6} gS Operations on Sets Glegont! gle Glilec 2-1 cote Speed Le poh! be Leela] Se eller Le pee She 1 SU patel Sey Bde Wile pat -16-Ghegemtl dyplas Union of Sets gticgesue sled! 1-2-1 dS bh ot gl pete! Gary Legal! Ob ope pee By A cils 13] rol GECAUB) Jk dl je zs lag sf Lager AB =} xeéA or xeB) 1B IIS ye ppl pany AUS are gly 5-1 Seo A={1,2,3} B={2,5,6,8,10} > 4 UB ={1,2,5,6,8,10} ible and LEY! Ca a ys ACAVUB I BoCAUB 2 AUM=A4 3 (AUB)UC=AU(BUC) 06 Sle gat OW GI 4 Intersection (yiegeme atolai 2-2-1 Logie fbi oball cae pe Lageble Ob oxe pee By A Cils 13] 21 gl AOB) gdb d pees Ange{rised and veoh 20} edbel (5-1) Stell gee PeSgW! east) AB ={2} robst JISEYL gbull Jet Sey ol ete chi as os ANBcB A Grocer An¢=¢ AQB=BOA (ANB) NC =(ANC)A(BNC) 108 SE pe OW GV - oft Clay EN gps dal Gelb! 9 Ss (AUB)AC=(ANC)U(BAC) Sets Difference Glegoot! On: pal! 3-2-1 Ct 0S Bl de god! ge logy GA OU ee pet Bg A cil 151 POL Gl CA-B) po JL poy B de poHl UI pV alld de gedl pole A-Ba{x:x€ Anx eB} BoeNE in a roB (5-1) Juhl g A-B ={1,3} Disjoin Sets gtiaait! Hlicgent! 4-2-1 pols dey Y ANB HG OLS 13 obhets Oke poe AB Ube zat! -18-Glo gent Ay 6-15 es § oblate A,B ol fd B=f1,5,7} 9 A=f4,9,11} os » Oblate Sle HI OG ANB=¢ IL Complement Set ALeSt! deg-e2t 5-2-1 A Ae gem Lath Bie gat! Use gay A-B OB ACB oils 13) 5 OB LS de yee EU Cils Ily CA) Jb dt poy A= {xeU sxe A} eal atlas yas A= (A’*)o J = $39 =U ACB>B CA A=BOA=B An A’ =¢ AU A’ =U Uug=U Und=¢.- SAV SISAYL Wahl s Gall tt gSes i ou vp w AB Gi Jee jell Jat -19-Sg) Jucas! role pot Gols yan Gl Ly 10 Lge Ost ye Cue yet By A y ULL de pe U Gils [3] 0 A-B=ANB 1 A-$=4,A-A=§ 2 A -B =B-A 3 A-B=$@BcCA 4 [OG (ge Asse le get Cy By Ay ALLS de pee U oils 3] 0 A-(BUC)=(A-B)N(A-C) «1 A-(BNC)=(A-B)U(A-C) 2 De Morgan's Law Glej90 gs gal 3-1 SGC LMS C EIS CCS CW He Lie yee F YS 109% ABS 6Y sb (C =5-C) (ANBY =A UB (AUBY =A AB 2 Symmetric Difference gatas) 3431 4-1 BLS! GIL (AAB) sl (A+ B)) gomk One pat Bog A CHS 3] ry Bld pele eas d J] puy gl Ole Ot sty Use perl ro BY A+B=(A-B)U(B- A) Ah Ls g Bel GB G8 of gles Wi, 2206Slegentl A bs A+B=(ANB)U(BOA) (A+ B)+C=A+(B+C)y A+B=B+A dly rae 49 (ET JS) 56 (Index Setyits9l LS eye [oF T GUIS (3) 1 OgR de pat Y4= (x BeT,x€ Ay} 1 O4 strife Tre A}a{rivreT,xe A} 2 Cartesian Product .3)1Sja! yall 5-1 SS lege sh Bs Ad ope yt Hal sf J 16 pall ele any HAG pons B pe Wes sd Ue eS > gl cll Se G5 SE (Gb) of fe AXB = {(a,b):a € AND B} col gl AXB Cle gest! caro 6-1 Le Bl IS ge BSN ley Hl ahi sid ld oleae Gp as OF PCA) jo SU jes. A ge SEA . P(A)={X 2X cA} P(A) pels yard gad gf OY SE pb Lola de yet] Ae d| : 7-1 Slee S$ P(A) dog A= {a,b} cols 13] aes P(A) = {9 {a}, {0}, 4} olesi Juaatl rales be Loyd! pels ste Lten of tee 2" Bile Ubl le gah ode A LY A de gadl pole ote gle UYAU: (4) dS) poe A Ae gore) AAI le get! ote: n(P(A)) St poy 8-15 § n(P(A) P(A)« nA) aes A=p Cals 13) Je! spell ye UWE A de yd! oY (4) =0 ASAI qeldl ade Je 585 n(P(A)) =2° =1 oly P(A)=O Upper Bound (Ae ¥! (yo Saguenh! Ac gent! 7-1 pe oe ang IB) de op tape Leyet A goed ACR Gls 13] A Reger ele M gouty ASM OA M 9-1 lee te AI ye 70 WU aed JS) AST Ob A=12,7} oS A is yore Lest Bound .3351 (0 dagtoud! degondt! 8-1 pts othe deg 13) iol ope Boyde Leet A goth ACR SI 13} LA Be yezcal Sole M gents AZM OAM cole ly ia! (pe Bagot! Ae gant! 1-8-1 w Bogle A SUS 13] he Vy Gio ge Boyde Ao) JB -22-Glegemtl Ayptas 10-1 le Ae pie wey) Farge st Le get A of foe A =f-2,7} SI §goNy Be yet gh WY (2-) ge sol ley 7 ye del > de poral ol Bode + ell Cm Bo AE 11-1dlte GY pl sage ll fg A =/ 2,00) oss Gayl ne gh 2 ga hb Glib Uy LET UJ A ol k + Bode Cond Aegezell cial de peo! 2-8-1 Bh ee eel 98 OW Gal le US gs DEA Oly depot A CUIs [3] aed JS par Aegeall lel um pave! 3-8-1 Ce SI 38 OB det ite rol gp Ded bly deg A Gils 13) .acd JS pare gl Countable Set daguat! Agent! 9-1 + Bagdall Fe yal pends Le polic de Sad Lyte legate A cule [3] Uncountable Set dagsn0 pas! Aagoot 10-1 Le yet Edy «be polis Je Se Y Gb Lge Sb de gee A Cals 13 . Bogdan pe 12-1 Jus S lapels ate bd ABL1,2,3 un} Sd on Wyele ote -23-gt! acaad! b> Se 0= le polis ote g AJL! ie gdh o N,Z,O,R ALG ole pat Lye Utd le ok pe 0 -24-Cle gem! asad TaN Guaadl (yaybe Le eb os JSP eit et AN B)-C =(ANB) (ANC): Ol gay Soh ak Le yet ole Jot pul pt (AUB)-C=(A-C)U(B-C): ot gay 2 Sop ia LOly Holt de pat U ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} cals 13) 3 B={2,4,5,6,9} «C={1,2,4,5} «D={,3,5,10} deh U ge dpe lege « A ={I,3,5,7} §[(A-C)- D] -B AUBLA-Di A BOBU(CODO-A op JS Lol gaye Cle pet QIAVY.Z.T oS 4 § (X-¥)-Z=X-(YUZ)=(X -Y)U(X -Z) § (A+ B)+C=AF(BHC) OF apd Ope pF BA Als 13] 5 DOL ay lee Cede Ue EB Ay Ul dept yd 6 A-B=ANB 10) gd Ole pot SWC 5B 5A gS .7 AM(BUC) =(ANB)U(ANC) SANB deh iB={¥ineZ | {O}} oly A=Z dey! Sd 8 $5 ge JI LAS Lb gil Rahll alte de pee Cast 9 LO! Geeliege pe YX ySd 10 SX =Y ols id] bts 1 YAY = XUY $ n(PCA)) P(A) « nA) oe JS x38 A= faded} cls bf AT A={xsx EN | {0},x $10} 483 12 -25-Jet Jucat! B alk ix odd nutaral number <10 ( SAB AUB A~BiB-A op JS dol B26)BV Lele Wl doude Aanae 1-2 Apuilual cayyLa5 2-2 Alagus] Aten Yi 3-2 usta 4-2 Gablgitt 5-2 Shea M1 Shrgats 6-2 GV Leia YN eam gildg Gham! le Shite 7-2 AM gdind) liens! 8-2 SDs ly gle pt! Jato | 9-2 BUN Juaall GylesON Leia VIZ dente AG Sua! GV Ugde Nl 8 adda INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY Introduction ao.a60 1-2 Ol pb Sod Y gi (Natural Phenomena) dr)! ya! slall yo pu SS OL JRE ode 05S dale Glagles le rad of Ud WP doyte yl By pre CBN Gather ge Olly card Mee bed 4d Ge US Gle dite Ls Ba Grb MiSs. Lely gll GEL gs ode Gey} gl Ged ys out gy CBW Lee gs gop JR Leg ol ll gs ee Ole ob tal ASL BU tye Of Bed hole dV SLL wl Gee dy. aru eats Ky eg ge BB IIE pen goles! selaaY Eps y dle sey SUL! nets 5 Gb ed al) Baler 55d pe S149 eI (Major Objective) 5 J) Gud! oy QB OG U5, BAU Lal ps patel ober! C53 obs Gass! rlasYi Jot (Logical Foundation), abel! LW Il Lisy 3 Jae : etl dale 3 Eeall Obl, pide (Statistical Inference) Peel bey Ube (Uncertainty) wstsi ple gl (Chance) A 353 | X pA 5S 528) of ue Spy bbl ob shh ab ol fect pe ga) 0lted alt PAB OG OVA ola Lee dy Ged le 5 ELI ye YG tle VST AST JRA freee SIA OF Slee! ge AB ye ge Lise pb Mes Ot Pha ly Le pot cal lall G55 oy) By Gree Slated Of Uyti bae HUIS AB yy ree Le 13] Lil ye SRL J aad Ls OGY, ga By 9(S2) Leste Cab Gos -29-lat at) BABI G55 gt Bay le frat Ot Ss UB Call Boy epee ye EL OL 03). (13) 5 Le yo) § (CAN) Bll Le OY GUS) Goel ley 131 Bey tuey 57g hey om Eel Le Luk Lonel pn qetly he yall ob lags ell OF 3) 6 US UU tye oy I CSS Lee Syl) obo Bele Wot SOBA ypad ape CSS 2 I ee ays Call Gay 5 pli! he ole padelet Lele nal UI peels oy nll at By Lop d JLsd otal J Like df Leeds HLA Io SE pees (FERMAT) ole 3 (PASCAL) JIS Lye elpe] Gb vl daw Cals Lins ge po 9<(BERNOULLD Jy ny [1] dle Yi ple 3 dae oletnns ES Lad S ytd do 8 GS eu al COYLE ou Wy : tho [cla he tga JH psgie Oly DVL Y Sb ye Leaks LJ Gs rail be Gy UY jae 53 ge LY Eko ode ge Gulls Upto! bell d pee La Ute ode gag BIbly Beall clad p ygite paw SI spt Gobel ge 1h ELLs ol de lage LAY Glee JS te Ghee gy ogols ew 1 PT SL By ge gs Caeall Bole Dt 92 Oy ee gull 2M ote 2 slay Gupte oe pacde ae Vol ots pele chem of Uf Laas syle Te ye Ogle oy df te bel 3 bane! 1B jes yh > dejo CA baglstl & iy ASI! shal ely 5B yb lS 4 -30-ONL YI 2 Bee oS etl Ssby O55 b pisll Be sls Bae GME Ge igs lpm pho! 5 Bode 3 IE ELS Ogky ILI BSG abated Y Lob odbel Gabel ge GY ol bot Bp Of babel Wi DKA gia 1S all inal oF gb Ups Ute any eUae|y deed! Subly Ryall Lady Upto & pl Basic Definitions dull ayle3 2-2 Random Experiment agitgdiat) Aspect! 1-2-2 GL Sell SAY Sly Lets By par Yotld t O 5S gl ddl ay te 9 SS OT Ke GB WIS Ladin ramen (SL Gg dol Uys deat Loi ) EET gs Le yet ee a Elptall rel OW lel Lia les dl Ms gp 5y Oly AV Gad! go iw 05S Yd tue JS (Events Ball Jld aat Li] Like Gor gs Yb ode le G dels te Ub elec] ys yKas SI «(Tossing @ Coin) opal tabd gry tA Lyd (yey OLA tue dl} G bs of (Playinga Cull S55 44 Sis, « (Rolling a Dice) 2) > (ay d Ay Spill Lab gop 42 ol ee Laie Gy leatl le giles gle Ge WY Cards) Rylase Lage ds les! oly (DUS (HE pot Les oped Libs gt GS Bo kt ll OU ot pe a ed Uh uly WSag Yo Gans lye ware sl yygh Lob sf dla! oly (1,2,3,4,5,6) SS Bi pe Lele ay lb US he Tol slpte B42 isl ee fall oS De Bd Bye wey Til ptall b pal Ladki ules) Sample Space aizal| sland 2-2-2 BAGS ppg tw Ul pte & oF ails ae le eet Gull cLadll ya Bey -31-PN Jueall 06 U3 as ly Laid gl 2 gr She ly ys ophill Sabb oy Lob Ul tall pall Gils {HT} Lal 4 pe oo pe op tl Laks poy Lott pall Lol Gils ase case: Lal gl 8 ae ole OU oa Ad (oe Le Us tal & pl ils . (HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT,THH THT ,TTH TTT} 27 wll gem opal Lbs I UL tall bell Gils Ob Say 6 A Bel Eye ol pe pd pte) Bell gid OST OLN ny, £1,2,3,4,5,6} lel gl 1h LS a dle! 36 be pend ody atl ay Ub ds (L1) (1,2) (1,3) (L4) (1,5) (1,6) (2.1) (2,2) . (26) (3) . : . (3,6) (4,1) OD. : . (6,1) : (6,6) 6" wold gen ol ze a Blptall dpe 5 pk le gee othel ltl! gay id gE Ge en Sf Le phe tl ptell Apel pole ove of | ot P(x) = Gopal Los BL YS Ve oS, (Equally Likely Events) ated! sf delat! eYas Yl ad Xe Way Uy zell Ab ils os tle 4,4 GI Tl] Lad of 2 se gpd el SleLadl of Baw. Ulpte RA gl Bal Las sl 9,55 Wis BoeOVLGA NIE dade dae elas Gh Lad! yams (Finite Numbers) lLeMl gs gee ab obs che 65s 13! Lol (Countably Finite Sample Space)a ste se pb opdins pb ane lad ace ULES ole ye ge .(Unaccountably Infinite Sample Space) Event Guts. 3-2-2 Sod Lipsy 1) Lal gl Lyall Lad ge Ute epee oh OL Ge Sob A jth + ilk>Sts US Cm gems bad daly pate ye 05S 13] Lae Boe SILI 9S Lal prose oh che 4 11 bee he gens pate ope AST oye 0955 3] Ryall Lah pole ae ke gH GU Sud! US 95 4S Sad! 1-2 Sle AUS 99 Lpell GU Oy Od yp 2p Ed Oey Ob UI pte LA ey pl etl, A= {TH,TT} Sse} yS 5 S={HH,TH,HT,IT} : Lgl clas oe Aaja Glol 2 BLA ye JS ol edb B= {HH,HT} aS 2-2 Slee $ Rell clad ge Lb Rely 5 od pe ey Dae pe A=1,2,3} Oly S={1,2,3,4,5,6} paid las of OLS WAS Hyp All ole fits ny Lael cla te «ders olaed! Jee yay B =f 2.46} cS Empty Event . test cutout 4-2-2 ore Leas 13) 43 Ute Stes (Impossible Event) peed Subd ge Aap dl gle Ue fre 73) frat of Sse! ob oJ -33-a Juaal! Disjoint Events alaast! clue) 5-2-2 Lai I3]y 13] Oded QU Lege Jy LIB Gdae BLA gy JS als 13) - AAB=¢G Js SEY SW os pee py she US le Ultey Lee Legh USE Gl daly dy boners de J pat! Joint Events Abait! dtm 6-2-2 LAS [Sy 13] Odbare Ue Lege Jl UB 6 Shue BLA ge JS als 13} -ANBEG OS EGS... A A-B« ACB 5 AUB Ob Ulaot BA ols 131 . Clot vila Se phat U3, AB ja Jk GY; OV ye ANB dl ee Capt SH) 3-2 dle AS Sle Gl thers Bel Ey os pe A={d:d22}={2,3,4,5,6} B=f{d:d $3} ={1,2,3} C={d:d sl} ={1} ( AUB,AOB,AUCA Bye oe JS > I Simple Probability laut! ALeie Ml 3-2 lps be OLS) nm pe Lp Ld ll polidl ove ols 13] 44 I 1 gh LS Bs Ul Xe A ole Alar Vl OG mgs A Sold 5 4b pea) = ltl Ss -34-OVA V2 desde 1S Ryall lab pole Qt le epee A Gad! pole ote fee ail gl vedo VY LV Ladll Ole ghd Why Dad! Sloe Ys Ls GUS Lap Lab Ltt yScY Gobel Gee d ot OK GVA ohn te by ely dm le Spt glans GT le Leg boy ph A Li ppl old betes SIA pps SG lee VL LEY gy pal a gle GGA gpa ode ode GAL) EA LU SI LUD le Sess agiltce eye! 13] Gal le Ob wall ctl randy Cae b pt oF didi 20 GIL] (Relative (ui 3155 byl OySXtd (M) pond Gad! lbs 13]5 (H) god Gal (2]:4391 BIS! ye Cty Frequency) cen Bobet esol en Seba gl oI Sl 10) gh OBIE ISI otal le Lie UES number of H in N__ firings r(H)= i Sh LS i pell tls [ oBbYioue Tall RP gt LSI T H 001 2 H 001 3 M .670 | 4 H 730 | 5 H 800 6 H 830 a M 710 8 H 750 | 9 H 780 10 M 700 i H 730 12 H 750 13 H 770 14 H 790 15 H 800 | 16 H 810 17 H 820 18 M 780 19 H 790 20 H 800 -35-Pll Sled pw Jl LS LAF yey SVE 2 SS Ll Co IK cqecdl LSA! OL GLI el ye pels Bley SYGLAI LSG ke p sell Le 8 ot A Dlde I es paler Lbs Sel gf eke Uy ot SEY Ley (0.8005 BLEY Whol Ob gad pale Hb bd We gel LSA Oly Ob ales 6 eel ay pad ae Lindy AF Dy Si Ldigy pel) GASH sal le Leyes CALI 1 SF cal (A abl isle! js gill PA) lial Boule dad yeas cg, ll Fig! clad Lpillare lo ay Pol Pr pdb pry dao Y d5 of . 2 Of gl [0,7] Saball spall ge blues P:S— Roy 4-2 Ste Dll Qe lye Ce A= {HHI} Sy Og 2B LS Cw) 13) 8A add J+! S ={HH,TH HT TT } =4 Yep Lad of lc |4|_ 2 pray =H a2 1 08 - 36 -OYA NID aoa 5-2 Slee ees Of Lael Lad play OLS By ee OLS 8 tly AS LW Ol 13) § pliay 85 5558 Yell ule YL 3S jt! 11 =%50M CYL one 3 ela! OLS oe melas 18 Coe Jeol ob ales 6-2 Sle A,B,CD)eas NS tS! gio] dla] Gute ge cLacl 4 SL obs 15) TS SLE Jol SS AU gee Os LEY Opt § DNA gi gall glee! dla! (a SDA gaged! shel dll (b SA pad! Let! pte dlaol (c de! Tg BEAM OV ote gl all Lal OYE ote db Le IME Gey S ={4B,AC,AD,BC,BD,CD} =6 Se GS gs SEV! . (P(A) =3 OSSAT=A yaad] sltl OVE oe) P(A or D)=P(A uD) =2 0983 5 =D sf Alt] OYE ote -P(A,D) =P(AND) == OgSS 1 =D 5 All OV> suc 1 P(A) a3 a4 0953 3= Ajle! pe DVL one ESTE(Al Just! 1d SV Lae! ae Liye ple ol Yl el teed Je VI le 23 | she OLS U3] Lal ¢ apd SVL Gd Lesld] Xe ULI ony LEAL Ryall elias Vids See clad dtd & gerald oye OS ULI ode (8 Me nS wld Y sj Lage SVU ola pte ud G bbe all Lob G bi! Yaw cl] bb 5 gh Dba) obs plows YL VI one Permutation Jootcati 4-2 PLT pe re ly Lee JS elt DLA gen Ca lee 1 aY bell Caey copa 1a nrel ole tal 7-2 Jeo GAT ge aby AS gel CS St lay gil EKaLl G phil ote tel Jt! 105, Gs alee Ge GLa! OF 4! 4x3x2x)_ Ol=1 OY Pf= = = 24 On Caray] 0! 8-2 Stee OF eet tee DLS HA Cts be OK gil EKal! G bil ote te sl $ badd tdoly BS le 6 xt Goto IS Ju! 5! SI LS KAKI! og (5-2)! 3! 3! USall G bl owe OL Le pt Ol pie GOI SG ope y UE GUI ESV BI ye AF ot Se -38-OY Leia VIZ donde n nt NEN tN teat OL em Ph, 9-2 See elm Lyte Olly thay lee dat O15 (7) GA USL! G jbl! ote dey! § alos July J! pet LSB OLS Og he Lf de tl GOL Se of k 431 By «ESM Sly one J Gay P74, = =105 Gyywall Sucld 1-4-2 ELI RE ee BGS OK gil aly yo ote GW pdenes GU JS oy AW Ue MG pales gil gill! Jee me 5 Uy Ue AI bo al CB eM oa OPS MiSay EI Ue Ml ye IE JS we bs ye Uy Ue Ml OPP HL 2rd Oem MM, OB deci ode peels nin ye ese) » Goze Lalu ri 10-2 Jl» OS BB Olay ole y Nitin gaa Lit dey Ugly Gade Gey Uae els 85 GLI ge ULE El pl Oy Byte! ge Uke gl gl 10 She $b Bgl OLAV oe 6S Lt oy dt! GB oLEY OY G35 nnn; = 106 x8 =480 Le oll Vl sae BAM LoL ge bad eye JS -39-tt! J 11-2 Jt» ob Sol o3eb 3 Se Y et 123.45 PEM go 5S OKs GW ate pS $ slae Vl abe ge gl Jel Let Js OLS Se eee SLI BU Ske ol gl 5/ = 5 x4 x3 =60 60 Gl she O58 Lesths 5b MY Cy Gb doh Ly Gb eb qeoedl Bueld 2-4-2 Pol GIG Ab big pe OL es tee Wy OLS Ib pe tnt 12-2 Sk (oe et Ue) ghd Se Hi yb SS WLU (5) Ole (3) Ww Os 13] § Gell sleall placa J! = ol Lh! stet+ SL ell one = G bl ote: ol et! Bae ae 8=5+3 +N Combination 3.21931 5-2 BS Le yet ger pt Sle pill ye oe OLS! yT glee! dee Ua DAS BM ye AUS Glee py GS Ons grt n nel” Ol te [ )- PB -r)! 2 gelghl Gay dedi e 7COYLE Reade 13-2 Jl» CaF Oo he Come ope al fo ett op Le SS OK gil lial ote te gl § Lak cat ool call pre 35S, dl Pal ghbetl thee Ge Shand! oY «gal sll gab . , (O)_ 6! 6! 6 x5 x4! | Ae 19 le J Chatae tt ne 14-2 Jlte oe BAF BA YS OF eas ol iT desl ge LIE YX ll Obed ote ay! Sol al ae J+! 1 OT gl dbeUl ous oly Gal ll pads 4! (4 4 gh Sled one =>—— =4 “a (3) 34-3)! Ga2lgAtlg yale 430 1-5-2 » VS yrkeenl Sey Gil ally Lol ge JS oy Lis Bole Wes n)_ inl . ro rin=ryl 15-2 Jus Cgalgll ald gle tery ol ("*)-( ")(") alee elec pp Cogetoll (gd Ayplas 2-5-2 Bake pt Bell onliles 6b] WY ety bl gb BS Ske ISLE gy GL LSs SySde ge She SELL ob Vids Gils OF -41-(Stl uaa! oor $f" mT 10 a n a n A . =a (Te [Omeeenn tp) 2 de fret Ws jbl ols ertles |” (" lesan a opblobe a) Lr pn) eel sands Shas Pb LI Pgs pldmel guttt gd GB OLY oS Lo! CSU 16-2 Jl n\ (on n+l) g + = of cot (7) (.",] (te a db JI n\) (n nl al : tats (Cea eae eee Bb LLM do gig Seal ald db 3 J n! n-k =} / + ki(n-k)IL | k+l _ nt k+ltn-k ki(n-k)! kal —_ni(ntl) (n4i)! (kel n-k)l (k+l) [nk 41-1]! een 1) a (k +1) ![(ntl)-(k +) k+l) § (, 7 )- (") AI Hpolbl old] Ss ~42-dest 6 Gall det eS al So n\ nt li ~ (nh)! (on) nt nl nhl kn-b! OS pl cyl le bet Waly 1-2 ays \n-k) [n-(@—k SOB le pb dees olde ny ty, ols 15] n 1 NEN AN EN, Ht > \|-—_ Mayon) MlMghen 7 7! =—_=210 2,3,2) 213727 18-2 Ji» OLS Ray) ge GFE et OS pee dD leeds Uagly GIS 10 Lu 13] than Lee F058 Ct Gate IS EOLS 5 ads bs Glpte JR Lede LBW ENS cle BS GV elope fy GeV aM bole Suelyy 8 SM gOS ke! le! Je! YOY Oded hdl of ky OLS Leet ge fe BA od} ye 1OG logy fide pole de i -43-GUO eos! P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) GiGi a Gee chat Bul ys P(B) “ey Fo 777 Oo oe es 4 ile P(AUB) =P(A) +P(B) = Soa a2 Axioms of Probability Jleix 1 Glsgsrs 6-2 lygddl Lay SLoce Vi dy bi Lyle nd dage Shed SO Whe 5 ga Medea ll SAY Like Oller jas OSP(A) SI] OW Riga) Lad oye Lege Ue al gl ACS ols} 1 »P(S)=1 2 OW Deaell Be pe eke A Apes Apso US NS] 3 P(A, VA, Qos GA yore) = P(A) + P(A) Hee + P(A, ) , PGA)= DPA): af sill Se gel ules te By A ge ysots ish: ob LNW Lyd ye Lok US, . P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) 3B cgglads 19-2 Sto ob te Up edl Ulel eek Oly GE (coi)s sf abd Coy Sosy Ta > -44-OY Leie YI 2 Ae, Je! eet oe Tapeh Uae ye A = (HAT, HTH,THHS 4341 9X3 . P(A) =: 35 WY, pole 8 ge gly 9 Bll La pole 20-2 Jl» eZ VIR local fad oF LG 6 cyre pit Oly elee Yad ol Taps) LAS day gb bbe Lt bly (3) dl atl hel 13). Blea! SY She ops aren Oly (2) JV le te A tS oly dl foe B 2 Ju! lot ols oUils> SH Wty Vg R edi pll pole oly iP Hell lad poles. 8 = 2! = hy) 3K Ly S = (RRR, RRN, RNR, NRR, RNN, NRN, NNR, NNN} BM he opt Ulead te A = (RRR, RRN, RNR, NRR} ee Leal [RAT y CSW lard fee B= (RRR, RNR, NRR, NNR} 1 US led! jae Gs ol abe Oy Od Gg Sh EL iP (AUB) Gbte L4igg% By A SII pl ola g tad! SI Y de poe Oly Logs dsl BG SA gut os ot dels [SY ote al gu LEY! Ue "ut By A -45-il Juaal! Ba SEM et Fe pet gad Sle (AB) pblisll dee Ul td Laat OF oe GOUs LAWS Of gs A Bd oe JS L238 ZI! A UW yeps A SL eV gl dead! She YI Ga depot gs A the Bde Slob dale! dell ile pay elle] Se Us OMAN om gildy Gham! gle Gilles 7-2 Operation With Events And The Addition Laws Of Probability v Engl) ol bil Gan ol bd 124 . PG) =0 OU Np Ure ¢ ols 15] ole St AOg=$ db ode $3 A YSS AUG=A OB Ws oats We 6 gy A Od Of at Yrs P(AUG) = P(A) OG WW Eg! Ce 05) P(A) + P(g) = P(A) . P(g) =P(A)-P(A) =0 03) 2-2 dys P(A) =1- P(A) OU Sud dase Ay Bae A als 3 ole! S Odes (Sab! Ob UU An da = ¢ ok a P(AUA’) = P(S) 03% Webs AVA =S Od} (‘) ol 5 LNW, LEW og Gey 03 ce fe A ey PIA P(A) =I P(A) =1-P(A) - 46 -OV Lea YD dent vila Dbe la gly jos Dyged ANB = AB LEV, OV ys i Gy 3-2 4s AB#G ON Gl oghaite Wb Oss> AB ogadl go IS oS . P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B)~P(AB): ob lew Logs HU (AB) O(AB) = 9 Ad OL ANB eS Wadi otk ote bed USUI Ryd rey A= AB UAB 05S libs Oded OU PAV BU) Lag (BA) O(4AB) = 6 oad! ols His B= BA UAB by S libs Deke OU PAW! Bw le fat WU dgadl ey P(B)=P(BA*) +P(AB) Net gh Ws (AB) (AB) O(BA’) = 8 93S, gl Guitrs Lgey AUB = AB UABUBA’ 05S) WII Lgl Cue y bles Waite JW BI be rat P(A UB) =P(AB°) +P(AB)+P(BA*) ccccccceccesecseecevsees Q) 3 AGM S251 GSAS gs P(BA) 5 P(AB) p> AS Gaps 2 ASW Boa Ue at P(AU B) = P(A) ~ P(AB) + P(AB) + P(B) ~ P(AB) -47-A eeatt ble fod ees ww zal gay P(AU B) = P(A) + P(B)— P(AB) 21-2 Je gliowe JAF By lt of Ula ge babe Gabll Ghal Geet oe Bay Ce Sd Tl Gall Blygl Oe yet ge Eyes eae Ht p(ay= OG ote gle J pad! Je! PEA oO) 258 Pe Ole pel op epee ol ye Boy be J pat! deo ls 10 13 ' 1OBP(ANB)=— 8b . =— be B DUP(A NB) = Of ey ales. P(B) = ob Ws 40.13 10 48 P(AUB) =P(A) +P(B) ~P(AAB) = 04 2 AB (AUB) =P(A)+P(B)-P(ANB) = 4 5 42 Bs WET Ay Arr A, GAS OLS 1s gh LS y MRL! GBI pred YS 1 OW dade pe P(A, VA, V....UA,) = SP(A,) SPA, O4,) + (AL) P(A, OA Oe A, ) . . + bbe eee ays plddtnls Yale Sa dll oes 1 abe Clade Se AB ge fS OS 13] Sb LI) 4 Ld! yo Lele US .P(AUB)= P(A) + P(B) 3% 22-2 Slt» Segoyb oho le Dpabl Je LS Bly Ee od ae -48-OY LSA aon Jj! PILHT GAS oda ge 5 Fed che pad clas gob ote de U patl ey ou iy ae a 5) =PU)+P(3) +P(3) = oe ian dk 23-2 dle» Scrpltca ners le d pad! dle! Ld ode 2s ee ty JH! WSs (1,1). 2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6) ip tgltall 5M of OU dey dete Uluot I 1 6 P(the si Ss) = p(1,]) +....+p(6,6) =—+...4+—=— e same faces) = p(1,1) P(6,6) a ae 5.2 4,5 » P(A) S P(B) OB ACB OSs Ue AB ye JS als 13} rob Jl ot ge Nay ANAB=$ BACB Ol Urlwadis hie ABs A B=AUAB 36 Ws le ad od ble Vi del, P(B) = P(AU A®B) P(A) = P(A) + P(A'B) O35 WU Lyd) Gam LS 5 dsl Mtl Cue P(B)-P(A) =P(A'B) 0 col ew any » PAYS P(B) O58 aay P(B)-P(A) 20 role rad Ay -49-(ll Jue! 6-2 i P(B)< P(A) 0B BCA Obs 13} role Jl . P(A)2 P(B) 2383 P(A) —P(B) 20 oh tee SL & bl 7-2 as SOU Datta pb Bled ABYC ga JS ols 13) P(AU BUC) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) — P(BC) ~ P(AB) = P(AC) + P(ABC) nt lay 8-2 4 bs ol eH Lge Wb eT ge Dele A Ayers Ay o SoS OBA, CA, Cretseen CA, Con lS 4| = Lim P(A,) role Jl DDL Le pat Gable OY Date Chol 4, A AA ony AA OLY 1 ob A, =A UA, =A UA,A A =AUAUA = AUAAS A, = O44) -50-A2Al® Of ey OS LU Le VI Lek P(A,) =P(OA,A,) =YP(4,A;,) at Lim P(A) =Lim P(A‘) a =P(4,4},) a ob Wis Ot es BI Rees Sey od A Wl VI thy A, = UA,A, P(A.) =P(GA,A;,) =>P(4,4;,) . oS | oA, |=Lim PCA.) eis OTL gt 2p 1B Gey ¢ 8 ole Jl 9-2 & Js Sat Lag pe SUEY oye Deke Ay Ayrersie Aperoens gt JS CIS 13] rol P| 54, f=zim Pr4,) 5 OB A) DA, Dive DAy Deve aislB Juana rola! ACA, CAS Co CAL Con OB ML] a Cae 09 they of Gay |=Lim PAL) | (43° |= Lime -P¢4,)1 + (2) Rally Obey 52 G2 Og Cm tlds fol Ge WS os vol ey bess t=p[ 04] =Lim P¢4,) | 4 ]=tim P04.) +e slall yes 24-2 Site nls Moly type yp gb te A Sab! OLS BB bl ye Outabed call OLS y5gb C Sad! fee lary LB US) pe yeh fie B tabls GSI 1 Bl L desl. ba § Odkete AB ofstl of fe 1 § Odaie C,A osudl of fo 6B sl A y yg Jl! 8 C5 B y5gb del . iS} BR ow SiloSYVLeaia VID Rents Jt! weltls 4={HH,HT,TH} elt! ob S ={HH,HT,TH,TT} oll 108 C= {IT} 5 B={HH} + Cplvaite bed bags ANB = {HH} #6 1 Oat ys CA AR=G 2 at IAB Salhl jygb Ula! fee Boyt A yygb del of 3 3.1 1.3 P(AUB) =P(A) +P(B)-P(A OB) => +—-— => Een tt ee eae ar er . PCB UC) =P(B) +P(C) =2 42-2 OB BNC=G Ik .4 25-2 Slee pA NL 20 5 WL IS ging Ib 30 5 Ub 20 pty guly> hai pS ol Lae Lod Ul pte Lily Loded eal ges tl IB 2 pel 8 opal eyady Wb LS! vadetl Je A= ASS BU yak fe Gill SIL! gd B= yp opel oad kod! wed fre cil Sat! SI 15 35 20 of gl P(A NB) == 5 P(B) == dly P(A) =: OL ade OF gl PC d= 59 2 PBI HF ob P(A aT 8 bes OS Waly opbeive yb oguo A,B 20 35 #15 4 p P(AUB) =P(A) +P(B)-P(AB) =—+ 2-4 SES ps PO )=P(A) )-P(AB) SOMASUINGTINS Copel bd Lb Gs Al Gad! Ss of leo aoeitt Juaatl Random Sampling 4,4{ociat Glued! 8-2 Ob day pel ge oe b5Se (population) eae Ly of ve ti wlye gent HLS Lidl of Cr Si) poll er ps Lege ae tt Esl ptell old! ge Oleg Stes (random samples) 431 -te (Unordered Sample) 43,8) jd GUizatl 1 Sip pees Lely eds G pet yn go poliall yor bt Bgl ptall lysll ote GLb (Ordered Sample) 4G)41 Gtiges! .2 GAY Ai sb Cam rend} pny one by one with out )gles] 23 AMI dy Laaly ee SEY! Obs 1B} ee Ady peli yen ge poliall ge 7 jt Lif3 (replacement balall op one by one with ) gle sY! ae eV we (ety pty Le YI os Bo Ln BMS Ce AS ge poll ge 7 ste ils (replacement SMBLUMg colo pit! Jlaia Ml 9-2 Conditional Probability and independence Conditional Probability jt pai! Jleim¥1 1-9-2 Conditional) Probability)» 2! JLa-Vi pas Vee Lage 355 ph ELA] wLegles le dasa OF ad le Bde Ula! LAS Obed pew Gul [2]. Uggle aad cae Ny B OILS lee A te GY ble Y of obs Bae (/B) ad ee BWC ce ps ~54-OYA NID Ronde P(AMB) P(B) P(A/B) = 26-2 Jie GS LI ee X, bette 6 (XX) Bolbl chewy OS ye 9) a ty By X,4+X,=10 let atl fe A gXby i =1,2 Lae Vl La yl pt PCB) 3 P(A) desl X > xX) 3 GU) Sit! te $ P(B/A) 4 P(A/B) gb Al Je! S=36 dl lai A={(x,,x5) 5x, +x, =10}={(6,4),(5,5),(4,6)} B 1X) >x}={(2,1),03,0).05,4),(6,4),(6,5)} 15 _ 5 sand Fe rear 10 ole sf aes B Sadl ols Ib) ales ot Way (ANB) ={(6,4)} > PVA NB) = =P(B aA) te (Ap) = PLA OB) 361 2 ey 12 eh gl padty eee P(A) 1 36 -7~=3