DIESEL POWER PLANT

Von Eric A. Damirez, ME, MSc

 Basic Elements of Plant Design
Stationary diesel engine
• Structural parts: bed plate, frame,
liners, heads
• Major moving parts: piston, connecting
rods, crankshaft, and their bearings
• Arrangements for getting air in and
exhaust out: valves, valve mechanisms,
manifold, scavenging
• and supercharging systems, and
• Fuel-injection system: pumps, nozzles,
control devices.
 Basic Elements of Plant Design

Fuel system
Fuel storage tank, fuel
filter, fuel pump, transfer
pump, day tank
 Basic Elements of Plant Design

Lubrication system
Lube oil tank, lube oil
pump, oil filter, oil cooler,
lubricators
 Basic Elements of Plant Design
Intake and exhaust systems - Air filter, supercharger, intake pipe,
exhaust pipe, exhaust silencer (to minimize exhaust noise)
Basic Elements of Plant Design
• Starting system
Air compressor, air storage tank

• Governing system
 The Diesel Engine
Diesel engine – is an excellent prime mover for electric power
generation in capacities of 101 hp to 5070 hp which makes it
widely-used in hotels, utility companies, municipalities, and
private industries.
 Advantages of the Diesel engine
a. Low fuel cost.
b. No long warming-up period.
c. No standby losses.
d. Uniformly high efficiency of all sizes.
e. Simple plant layout.
f. Needs no large water supply.
 Typical Full-Load Heat Balances (%)
based on heating value of fuel
Otto Cycle Spark Diesel Cycle Compression
Ignition Engine
Useful work 25 34
Cooling 30 30
Exhaust 37 26
Friction, radiation, and
8 10
unaccounted
Input; heating value of
100 100
fuel
 Heat Generated by the Fuel
QA=mf(HHV)
HHV=41130+139.6(oAPI)

mf = fuel consumption
HHV = heating value of fuel
 Volume Displacement
VD=LANnck
L = length of stroke
A = area of bore
N= speed
nc=number of cylinders
k= 1 (2-stroke)
=1/2 (4-stroke)
 Piston Speed

V=2LN
2L = distance travelled by piston in one
revolution
 Indicated Power
Pind=MEPindVD
Pind - Indicated power (power developed
inside the cylinder)
MEPind - indicated mean effective pressure
VD – volume displacement
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure
𝐴L 𝑆L
𝑀𝐸𝑃IJK =
𝐿L
Ac = area of indicator card diagram.
Sc = spring scale.
Lc = length of indicator card diagram.
 Brake Power
Pb=MEPbVD
Pb=2πNT
Pb - Brake power (shaft power)
MEPb - brake mean effective pressure
N – speed
T – torque
 Friction Power

Pfriction=Pind - Pbrake
 Efficiencies based on power developed
Mechanical efficiency
Brake power
𝑒! =
Indicated power
Generator efficiency
Generated power
𝑒"#$ =
Brake power
Overall efficiency
Generated power
𝑒% = = 𝑒! 𝑒"#$
Indicated power
 Thermal efficiencies
Indicated Thermal efficiency
Indicated power
𝑒&' =
Heat supplied
Brake Thermal efficiency
Brake power
𝑒(' =
Heat supplied
Combined Thermal efficiency
Generated power
𝑒) =
Heat supplied
 Engine efficiencies
Indicated engine efficiency
𝑒&'
𝑒&# =
𝑒*+*,#
Brake engine efficiency
𝑒('
𝑒(# =
𝑒*+*,#
Combined engine efficiency
𝑒)
𝑒)# =
𝑒*+*,#
A 4-stroke, 8 cylinder diesel engine with bore and stroke of 9 in. x
12 in, respectively and speed of 1000 rpm has a break mean
effective pressure of 165 psi. Determine the engine brake
horsepower.
The area of an indicator diagram taken off a four cylinder, single acting, four
stroke engine running at 5.5 rev/s is 390 mm2, the length is 70 mm and the
scale of the indicator spring is 1 mm=80 kpa. The diameter of the cylinders is
150 mm and the stroke is 200 mm. what is the indicated power of the engine?
The indicated thermal efficiency of a two stroke diesel engine is
50%. If friction power is 3% of heat generated, determine the
brake thermal efficiency of the engine.
A 500 kW Diesel engine has a heat rate of 12000 kJ/kWhr. The
compression ratio is 16:1, cut-off ratio of 2.3. Assume k=1.32.
Calculate the engine efficiency based on the output of 500 kW.
 SEATWORK 9: DIESEL ENGINE
On a bond paper, draw and illustrate a typical
diesel power plant and label each parts and
systems.