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Signs :
1- Digital rectal exam DRE - may revel big prostate , firm , smooth or
nodular , may there is haemorrhoid by abdominal straining .
2- abdominal exam may show palpable kidney or flanke tenderness ,
distanded bladder may evident or may there abdominal hernias by
straining.
3- may there is features of renal impairment which is evident by increase
blood pressure , increase pulse rate or increase respiratory rate , acidotic
breathing , anemia .
Investigations :
1- G.U.E to exclude any hematurea which necessat work up to exclude
other causes as stone , tumor or pus cells in presence of infection .
2- urine culture and sensitivity
3- B . urea , S.createnin , S. electrolyte to have base line information
4- Prostatic specific antigen PSA pre operatively before treatment that
some time B.P.H has incidental prostatic malignancy .pre operative PSA
will form base line to fellow those with malignancy .
5- Uroflowmetery - normal maximum flow in adult male is 20-25 cm . in
obstructive prostate the max flow rate become less than 10 ml/s and have
prolonged flow time and with features of abdominal straining .
6- U/S to evaluate upper urinary system , renal cortex thickness and
echogenecity, any dilation , stone and lower urinary system as vesical
stone , tumor , diverticulation , prostatic size , and post voiding resuidal
volume .
7- I.V.U indicated in presence of Hematurea to evaluate upper and lower
urinary system . also give idia about prostatic size and post voiding
residual volume .
8- Urethrocystoscopy is done just pre operatively to exclude bladder tumor
not evident by U/S and to evaluate prostatic size and exclude urethral
stricture which mimic obstructive prostate .
Treatment :
Acute urinary retention is treated by urethral catheterization to releaf
pain . chronic urinary retention which is painless need catheterization and
slow decompression when there is over flow incontenance or renal
impairment .
1- Medical therapy :
A- α blockers - obstruction in B.P.H is by 2 elements , anatomical one
(hyperplasia) and physiological or dynamic one by α receptors stimulation
specially α1 at bladder neck those receptors can be blocked by α blockers
as (Minipress) prazocin , Terazocin or Doxazocin .
B- 5 α reductase inhibitors (proscar) finesteride . Testosterone activated to
Dihydrotestosterone by 5α reductase . this enzyme inhibited by finesteride
so no active testosterone which causing reduction of prostatic size by 20%
after maximal effect in 6 months. It is ideal for big prostate . α blocker and
5 α reductase inhibitors can be used in the same time .
2- Operative treatment :
Absolute surgical indication :
1- refractory urinary retention .
2- recurrent UTI .
3- recurrent gross Hematurea .
4- bladder stone from B.P.H .
5- renal insufficiency from B.P.H .
6- large bladder diverticulation
A- Trans urethral resection of the prostate indicated for small - medium
size prostate . from complication is TUR- syndrome which is due to
absorption of irregant non electrolyte fluid by opened venous channels
leading to hypervolemia and hyponetremia. TUR - syndrome treated by
diuretic and normal saline .
B- open surgical methods :
By transvesical approach when there is associated vesical stone with large
prostate or by retropubic approach by enoculation of the prostate through
transverse incision in prostatic capsule .