9 LF 72)IK) LowDon. New You. MNO ‘Me.soue, Deum site es rsa Saree sanerer ie eae eects Seeman CONTENTS Iyrm000c70N 6 How to Use Tas Boox UsiNG Rore Rope Contraction 1 roc ying Techies 2 STOPPER KNOTS ‘nerd kt. 2» Figue of Ene 0 Siped Pete Ein 0 a ore Fit wa kr ” Northen Wale Koo as Nanope Knot o Dimond Kot 2 Double Dimond Knot o BINDING KNOTS ‘Sipe Ree ce ° Thal knot so Surgeons knoe st quae Tate 3 Gore Hitch 56 ‘ik Head Tie Lia Four Bh. «0 ‘aks Hew Four hes 2 Tks Heid ie Lend Fgh BENDS sheet oond able sheet end Tucked Stet Bans Cal end ant Hr Hunters Bod Fishermans Kot HITCHES soa teh ov tu Tao Hal ches Fichamans Bond Pelee cow itch Cow Hic wth Topple Shoepsank Sheepsark Mano War Norimespiie teh ghvaymans teh Waggoner Heh Sneling Heh hc Ent Inproved Cinch Root Palomo it State ating Desa chine Steering ‘Bochranh Kot Loops pine tery online ‘Bolin with Two Tur Feet it Loop headed Fg ight Loop Double Overton Loop ‘Double vera hing Lop. Potaguese Bowe Spanish Bulow Daglers Loon he ‘Shi Fie fg onthe igh 23 Englishes op ‘hod Drpper Knot PLAMTS & SENNITS Tree Strand Pak Fre-Sand Sern Sasa Senn Oven Pat Me Sauare Chain Semi Round crown Semi ‘Sauate Con Sei Four Stand ound Sent Eghestand Sarena SPLICES & WHIPPINGS ack pie Sota Lane soe Belo lee onmen vipa Fen tmp ku Wop Share Whipping Falm Needle Wipe faim Rede Uprg ‘West Counts) Whine Seting Sitch See Giossane a roe. |Acesowt Bowens 176er eer era BEES SASS SSS INTRODUCTION How TO USE THIS BOOK ‘nots have been present at every stage of human progress, from ther ealy use in making shelters and weapons tothe sailors dependence on knots in the great age of overseas exploration. During this time thousands of knots have come into being for a vast range of tasks. The knots that | have chosen to include in this handbook are the most useful of those that are stil known today, each one — \whether centuries old or newly discovered ~ having proved to be } reliable safe, and elective when tied and used correctly Tying Knors Succrssrutty ‘This book aims to help you identify the right knot fora task, and to tie itwithout getting into a frustrating tangle. Start by reading the section | ‘on Using Rope [p. 8) so that you understand the properties of different ropes, and hew the condition and construction of a rope affects the use and effectiveness ofa knot tied in it ‘Terms and techniques used in knot tying are also included in this section, and itis essential to familiatize yourself with these so that you can make the best use of the step-by-step instructions. I your attempts at tying a knot are repeatedly uunsuccesstl, check thatthe rope Is positioned ‘exactly as shown in the illustrations, and ensure that the rope is placed under or over other parts ofthe knot as instructed. also find it helpful to continually Adjust the rope to retain the shape of the knot so that the parts described may be easily recognized Happy knotting! Ne ba Posse it trident he not my ts mx pete or your tas The purposes of the iferent kt families ave described atthe start ofeach chapter Use the keons and introductory ext at the beginning of tach knot to identi eategones of use and its properties. Refer to pp. 22-25 for knotting techniques common to many of the hots. and consul the Glossary (p71) for explanations of terms italicized in the text ip # one uc rel en hy a se lee Steps pees eons Hire fovknote ae nated ty the presence of one to mere cl the sols felon raking Wea {choose a tat for the task nhand taint whoary ‘asc echique page ARROWS Red and be atrousae sed In some steps to Inte when arope needs to be Hahtened ard to ge ee 1 Sy teeHanDBoox oF KNOTS: pare SSSASSAS SSSI SSSA SASS SSSA ROPE CONSTRUCTION Z BRAIDED ROPE eee ere ae ne ree is are then twisted or braided flat or twisted the finished rope. together with the material the rope is made from, wil determine the texture, flexibil rope, as well as the way it handles when itis used to te knot. to pe. This final stage of the construction of a THREE-STRAND (LAID) ROPE Preattet Coneeee eee ROPE MATERIALS he properties of a rope are determined by the material from which itis made as well as iis construction, A range of synthetic and natural materials is used in rope-making, giving diferent ropes suitable fora variety of tasks. For the properties of rope materials, In thelr different constructions, consult the chart on p. 15, SYNTHETIC ROPE ince the invention of nylan inthe 1930s, a number of types of syathetic ioe have been used to make rapes that are stronger, lighter, nd roe resistant to deeay than natural ropes They ange n strength from gener pupase polyprpslene ropes to the strongest pes, mad rom materials Sich as ati and quid erstal polymer (LCP) ores Syathetc rope is me ould be tested before use to ensine ure eis avaiable ina variety of eolours. allowing colour coding theyre 8 fordieren uses. SERS ted Polproplene Pouyororvtene ROPE ypropylene fibres make low-cost. {general purpose ropes that ae light and float well making them useful as, rescue or shor mooring lines. Th ‘Mutilarent Polypropylene abrasive sufaces and should be sored away rom light since they will, lsmerate when exposed 0 ukra-nolet light Polprepjene ropes are avalible ‘na numberof orms.Fsilated bes Spli-im Pobprorene have the aesthetic appeal othe natal rope hemp (pI) Monofilament polypropylene rope isthe most resistant to west ml lament fibres produce 3 sate ope that poldshrcts well uile rope made from spitsilm Hors is inexpensive ‘Staple-spn fibres predic 9 hay the hand ean ep easly SSL WSS (ZH and bred mp. s nearly a8 strong lon rope (below) but retains ore Tie Sand Polyester strength when wet and has a ese str Plas ee of stetch Is hawesing re sa ee PLEA sitont tis vatabie asthe constantly being developed. Knots can ms ‘greatly reduce their strength, Aramid Braided Aramid. peur P80) ate new inventions, Cut a expensive al thexe materials ae ‘Sold under various tradenames ‘WP braided Feng Lne Seon Potvestes Rove. Nytox Rove Nylon was the fist sythetc material to be ved for rope-matking lf til of stretch, mating the most suable rope for absorbing shock loads is often use to produce climbing ropes. which may need to abso the energy ofa climbers al When wet, vot rope loses 5-25 percent of ts Strength Like polyester ope [above nylon topes hard-weering and does Stand, braided. end mutplt rope ‘nd is commonly ueed for ishing Ine New Mareeiats Avance 3, beracbisoracle| aided WMP. Pesuree goes NATURAL ROPE Use peasing but has a tendeney to decay and become itl. The fliowng natural apes ate presented in order of strength, wit the strongest appearing ast all rope was made from natural bres derived fom 5a ra, natural rope is aesthetically com {Soir ope fs made from the fibres St coconut shells tisthe weakest of the natural ropes so tis mad large sizes to compensate floats and art used except in India and corron Now used mainly a decorative re BB eras ad srvtonrents a which = ulftc ened orem Mania fibres drive om the leaves othe plant Mast tei. High-quality Rap sma ve ev and mana, duced from the Topes but havea tendency 0 decay For centuries, hemp vas the predominant rope-making fibre sas ae / PROPERTIES OF ROPE MATERIALS pup rope that sth wl i = i 3 ; i u éSSSA ROPE MAINTENANCE | prevenrinG CHAFE [Esimzeante maintain oe in good anon so that can be relied on to perform effectively and safely. Caring for rope “ stem to a7 | n top is Coverine A Rope Cueawine Rove ze pce for ye tha Top vb oe hat clon sind ere ody compl BINDING RoPE ENDS ,STRESSES AAS STORING ROPE ether uncoiling @ new length of rope or storing an old rope: It is Important to know how to uncoil ancl coil rope correctly to prevent it from tangling or acquiting a kink. Once a coll has bbeen made, it must be secured to prevent it from unravelling, UNCOILING AND COILING ROPE orechced i CCoitina THReE-StRANo RoPe Fo Zaid rope, make equal sted els of rope ection mtheright had, and masthey are made to the elt hee icles ofl rope rom one and in an art-clockvee deco snbeD Rove rope col the ol eght 10 helt and righ SSAA 18 SSA SSSASSSSSSASS FINISHING COILS OF ROPE revented rom unravelling by binding I ands of ope or withthe end of the ope. S ind the col Al ately he a Po ae to © working bc om th SESSTERMS & EQUIPMENT ly eeauitement fo e Turns aroun an OsiecrPetes eee KNOT-TYING TECHNIQUES number of baste knot-tying techniques are common to many knots, from the simplest to the most complicated. Some techniques will help with the handling of rope, while others are used informing knots of for completing a knot neatly. Before attem 7 to tie any knot, It's Important to take time to familiarize yourself with these techniques, a ‘Maxine & Dusuay KNOT 9 practise them as often as possible mate te leat of rope needed belore EstIMATING ROPE LENGTH Xo avoid running out of rope when ting a.com rot sarting bs making a dura Tein with more rope tha in ent y et in doub 0 think necessary Tomake a ough dummy of knot follow the step-by-step instucions not but leave out the detailed tds Math te rope at ‘he point which the dummy Inot fs complete befare urdcing it | forty: WORKING WITH LONG LENGTHS OF ROPE ‘O Double sop to be tucked through a strand 30 that it forms nigh Tick the bight under te Sppropnite strand ofthe bot ing and may result al the loose end completely rough ple or quadruple avery lene re to minimize is ents eore tucking and paling hough UNLAYING AND LAYING ROPE Siac ols tewsiend op the stand ye ites LoL) together nin to complete the knot tovcain thecal isin each strand tie Untaune Rove * Carefully unwind two stands Fro the end ofa threestrand ope npe the end ofeach stand (6.16) 40 prevent rom hrasng while a not is being ied Lavine Rove J Send 0 Twin ola tard thant inthe dtection hat was ongnally nid Poston the thumb 30 Finishes on tp of whan Sind @ past the strand undemeath ee the remaining two strands and hold tin place Twist and posit each subsequent strand tn this way until the required length f rope has been eid FORMING A CROSSING TURN Coming ua aru he if mays Twisting aoe tween finger and thumb sa quick metho of fominga erasing turn, and helps to prevent unwanted twist tena fon ath of rope between both hands. Crip the pa of he rope he thumb bs that stole under the crossing turn thatthe ope firmip betwen the Faget and thumb stl erm actWORKING A KNOT INTO SHAPE fe. many kts wll need fu ete knot matenes the image shown ofthe finished knot Worxine Stack Our nd the knot pl en ihten the part Wornne Sranos wro Pace Geet ings mbes Ee DOUBLING A KNOT bulk and sei ond con uks needed 1 ende ofa completed bret ma T FINISHING OFF A KNOT eed 1 be Trumsune EsSTOPPER KNOTSSalpessaigabrscasaltiehilaes ee SSAA SSSSSSSSSSASSSSSSSSSESSSSES OVERHAND KNOT © Pulton he wotking ed anon s DouBLe OVERHAND KNOT += SSS SSSI SSSSSSSSAAAABIGSASSESSSFIGURE OF EIGHT STOPPER KNOT SLIPPED FIGURE OF EIGHT SW: @:eee SINK STOPPER his substantial knot is particularly useful for preventing a thin rope rom slipping out of a large hole. The needs to be carefully tightened so that it keeps its shape SMe | O Mae a cosin ta by taking afb do © Tighten she crossing urn by pulling ’ fon the bight and the % \woing towork the fai of the % © Keeping he 19 5 crossing turn ake the n ‘round to the back ofthe knot Pass it though the bight an pl trough © Hold the body of then pull on th nd. Work the Knot nto shape 8 STEVEDORE KNOT Tisza tot dete rom the start of the Figure of Eight (p. 30), with 10 tunis added to form a bigger, bulkier knot [egy tharcan stllbe esi untied The name of the knot is derived from its use by steve [dock workers) as a stopper knot O Bring slong wort end rope ver the slain pt ste wotking end id chen in front ofthe Standing prt below the Cossing tu, fon © Pass the working end behind the sanding par ‘one mote time to orm the © tnsert the working end though the cessing tun, passing it ro the ea Orighten the knot by stan tans Se pling onthe standing, mt at ad working end \ SeMONKEY'S FIST eB) Tis isthe ost suitable tnt ei weit is neaded at the throwing end of a saving lve, since a heavy object ‘can be inserted into its centre, To achieve a knot that Is decorative as well as useful, make sure that all tums are even and, when working the knot into shape (p. 24), tighten the strands around the weight alittle at a time ‘The Monkey’ Fist can be painted iF it s to ty be a permanent fixture O estimate jp 22) amount of rope needed : atthe end of «rope he end of the rope. tum of © tem the rope ta angle actos the complet tums, Make a second cycle of thee tums across the Fst ‘ensuring thatthe rope olds ‘he ist tur n place where O ruck herve through the fst cele of tars beside the second Pull the ath of second cycle Oake the fist ele Pullthe stuns oto the conte ofthe Monkeys Fist. Iti easiest to insert weight nto the gap where the pe and rope end en the Kno © Make tee tums around the second ele, tucng hem trough heist cycle sftums as Steps 3-4 Lay he three tuns over the ope where it changes aes eS ra © Peck wp sao = Toast gs ineneen ¢ ‘S near stand a the Wal Knot s ee st a ~ 4 Pion O with the ts strand end, follow the rand ofthe Wal Knot aroun under the net sand end. and up through the fist figt ofthe Wall Knot Repeat Stepe J withthe second atancend, SESS TAA KSEE ‘hrs end a ) ¢ © Twek she thitd sta dup though the first ‘ube bight of the Wall ‘ Kot Genty pull each stand end ih (p20, © doubles tts and second aiend ofthe Crown Knot a Wall Knct the stad rel be tucked dowrmads @ tek she this strand end first doubled bight own Ko. Pal each fouh the strands ofthe Joubled Wall Knot, and then out net tothe e © alt cach stand tight, working any slack Inthe direction of the stand ends Tim {p.29) the sand ends tose tothe knot,SSS GASSES SS SSS SSS DIAMOND KNOT SSG SEESTRUE LOVER'S KNOT Prsesrestnen ine 7 One OraREEF KNOT SLIPPED REEF KNOT “@ Tot ey GRANNY KNOT wTplate tide THIEF KNOT ae Knors: SURGEON'S KNOT knot the Reef Knot (p. 48) thisTURQUOISE TURTLEPACKER’S KNOT E| EIST SSS SSNS SSSSSSEEEESSSS 1 CLOVE HITCH SS Mesenteric coe teh oe ct he most commonly tied binding knots. It can be used in a number of ways and forms the basis of many other knots, (eel as functioning asa binding knot. the Cone Hitch can be tied around stakes to rope off an area. It should be IQ tredoniyasa temporary mooring knot leaving @ long “i : loose end, or tying a half hitch around the standing part for adi nal security @ take the working end around the ating ice again, mating a second Wn Zn he same draco asthe fet © pass lenath “set ne ofrope around 2 \ © xooping the 92 pare wl i) peloton ral to the . Ze thew ent cermin he [i afte rope over tum Palo ™ Totahten the not are Clove Fine = Srcono METIoO CONSTRICTOR KNoT Auch method fying Clove Hic can be sed ithe ope not unde I | Sisin wether bng bed ths method allows he hte be te Conor Kot denen to be nore wey passed over the end oa poe co be ring kt Unt git lar wi ee cing hth Ch he a pairer Opass ie cosa tal ovr then under mjturm close to eossing turns in each tumsenerthe end fa thee tam Pulte ether The handle the right pole Pullon bah ends the cterossnetum that itis pestioned—thetnor rund the, Clove Hach topo thele pole Wot the Clore ‘ossing tum keh nto shape 2, EESRSSESIES 56 SSNSTIMBER HITCH BOA KNOT matte ie Be Tecemnerrces to unl. Tatlonaly has been ofthe Constilctor Knot p37) used fr tying length of rope decorative a well as a practical around a log Wang od knot Is required ora bundle ra of timber = soni O.coit yp 18) a ope between two O Pass the end of aleneth joe hands. making two ana Pal ts ‘of rope atound a pote, , ‘ Ech turn should beat least ice leaving along wikia ent on \ the dlameter oft poe around ne side Take the worng , a which the rct wil be Ges end over the pole and ‘un around the steding part Orta nt O cone rsp te & © Fold the 10 loops Together making sure shat the ae in the centre of tach loop remains open “ote eo = oe areeiat eel Sraoed tog ine coping te rose strands stro across nd ‘ool abl he re atthe rot ofthe knot te added at rent endo he OWwork the loops pling onthe strands Tle by de tighten them against the pole Pullon both ends to tighten the knot preventing tbe ple © Patt nardon the standing trbundl fom ptt agains the hot to ‘epg tour wh tighten Nantain this Ins being mowed terson on the rope 10 keep Timber Hitch in place cos te soSer iain abide TURK’S HEAD — THREE-LEAD FOUR-BIGHT _eee TuRK’S HEAD — FOUR-LEAD FIVE-BIGHT BE Tole eaumate i. tout sone seed or this knot before starting, and continually adjust the ween the strands so that they ate even. eyes between the and the eft stand 2ee TURK’S HEAD — FIVE-LEAD FOUR-BIGHT @Tieorscamier ite Tats Hed te more cae ou need to take. Ensure that your passes sty in lace he MB trai tl pes cs she oer ond ures in place Once th not hasbeen ted ean be doubled ip. 2] or pled ane worked tg ito shape (p24) O esate 9,22) the © Make a thitd tur around hoe theback ofthe hand and bring t ou tothe right of the od ‘Standing prt © twek the working end through est Gnautetopot Mer . the band q hand over and tuck the \ Ft Thi Stoning \wetkng end ofthe rope rom ght ear tole passing under over, and 4@ funder the strands BSS SSS (2) SSBenos: SOSA SSSASSSSSS SSS SSE SHEET BEND 7 TUCKED SHEET BEND _ ick an DousBLe SHEET BEND SLippep SHEET BEND aia the tworendstopet SSS (JSSROPE YARN KNOT CARRICK BEND abl and can be ee SS LANYARD KNOT Tete | O tuck_HUNTER'S BEND ASHLEY'S BEND : pesjiopningtectsigney ARMM fB Alitirccoonccrte nostsecse 1 Previously known asthe Riggers @@A : rs appeared © Hold tne ther t © tuck the upper morking end now vide held in theimple yet effective knot small and equal DOUBLE FISHERMAN’S KNOTHaNopooK OF KNOTS BLOOD KNOT SSES ATER KNOT strewn ashe Earl not the lod Ko (ting none, which canbe rasened wth Salva to hel the knot daw tight The Blood Knot Subsequent be almost impossible to une tid Oovertap he ends of wo lengths ol ine Pass the wera ado the upper line atound the © make opprosimately ve tums side by side around the uppot and re lines to bind them res natingend © with the lower working end ere Tine about B em (2 in) away from the previous se of ttn © Make the same numberof tune roundthe per and lowe lines with vwn between the two lengths of line a @ Tw righcen the bot the two sets tutes, fag Alsolnowe 2s the Double oveand Berd or ‘Tape Knot. the Water Knot is strong and GF, ible tis the recommended kt for joining Binoche by cor N Make sure that the second strand of tape or ists athe dete ip 2 One aoose vee ke Pat neh a Owith the working ieee ino te Oetand ae double the knot. O cominse co vethand Ks ing end. Mae @ tosighten ihe Water Kno, pl o Work the knot nto shope p24)ROLLING HITCH a ofan pes crediealin bapystan in the opposite direction, tie a mirror version of the knot (below Make a ure around «poe, bringing the wring on upon he nght ide ofthe tain pat, Take the working end across the sanding pat © make s second un sound he pole, being a thupinunant rd Siig "s fee © Mate athics turn beside the second and ars the ist Bing the working en ‘yp onthe et side ofthe standing par Tuck thewoaking end under the thi ta and rl Minwoneo ROLLING Hc Oracrieroineaane | Same, ROUND TURN & TWO HALF HITCHES SG Tins int canbe sed to secu a rope to ‘a pole or ring in a variety of situations, from mooring a boat to tying a washing line {BB "placed under ereat strain. ican stil be reasonably easily untied, The round tun takes any strain applied to the knot while the two hal itches keep the round turnin place through ing from bck to mi front Fass the working end through ie nga second time toform @ » mt 4, Take the working end across then Behind the standing part SN Dang | Front es fa. on dy ve Sundig pr / eae aking the working end ‘sanding part aroun othe font ahd tucking beh isl Pull ‘on the working end andl onthe standing part to tighten the knot SSOBUNTLINE HITCH FISHERMAN’S he Buntline Hitch will not ita ring as a simple knot fora necktie the standing parCow HITCH io called the Laks Head, the Gow Hitchcante made hougha ingor A ee ae fisted in oposte decor, hsthe eee ne SHEEPSHANK te Sheepshank Is deslgned to shorten a rope NST vithout cutting iW can also be used to rlieve AX stain on a wom part of ope by postioning the ‘rrvsed sande nthe cent othe knot 1 bbe applied to both standing pars to ensure that the knot does not work loose, q O wat ailinthe same {© Pull on the newly formed lays, then onthe sani parts thatthe outer crossing turns ti und the oops The ot wil ely hol strain applied to the standing parts Cow HITCH WITH TOGGLE @ T : wea “hte eevee ge nthe ot. The | aa of ope so that t out to undo the kc | SSSALSISSSSELLA WAGGONER’S HITCH SSSA FT Mhe Waggoners Hich acs as lever allowing stain o be SB Desc oms tenant ope so tha loads con be lashed down (@_vesy tty The nite comes undone as soon asthe sain HEE sete sete poe eda ke inplace. Employed or centuries osu ons onto gan its sil use by ly drivers The Waggoner Hitch cn use severe con rope the it sued Tepeatelin the same place onthe some rope ‘ae i non formed beteun the crossing turn Ss O ensue tht he opened nd Make contng ium nthe mile Foose end, faving Teng length of pe between the {tossing turn and thebishe © make inthe Toop towards the bight ‘and the cossing ‘Make sue that the bight and the tun remain Teche in place SSSA SSS QIAGEN SRS pt ofthe tated loop and take Roldof the loose end ofthe rope © poll he loose end of rope thous the twisted loop to form «second lop, Hook this loop over ctor the ‘ht remains in place to keep thekot in pace SUISSESNELLING A HOOK GE Tiisinsinses many tanto bird a in tow hook When J tying the knot with monofilament nylon fishing line (p.13), moisten the line before pulling the knot tight to help the tums slide snugly on top of one another This method can also be used to tie a line to a hook with a spaie end. O withthe point ota nook ‘uppermost. pass che end ofa Tine wp through thee of the fom langecos tom, ig ae tating the ine over tol ast itm os above the eve. This isthe crossing point Leaves shott Gye tall ine below the cessing Poin. Hold the lower pare ot the crossing tum parallel t0 ‘he shank of the hock, sina coming at fam ry © Hold the short ail pale tothe shankof the hack keeping the loner par ofthe cessing tuam parallel te the shank at the same time, Take hold of the Upper part othe cessing tun ‘above the crossing point © keeping he 190 pars othe : Tine patallel tothe shank of . the hook, Sat to wrap the upper at ofthe crossing turn behind the shang Bring io he rot ofthe hook, keepine the cossing tum open so that I can pass ‘ver the point ofthe hook NS © Holding the crossing tur open with the fingers, continue to wrap the UPper part of the crossing tum round the shank forming ‘row of neat tus, The lower par of the roseingtum and he hort tal shoul be kept proximately parallel othe shank Sandie 6? ‘Star pr © Make enough wins to Bind the line securely torte shank ofthe hook Pall onthe sanding par the line to tighten the femainder of the easing {im around the shan, O rotienten the [ tumns, pull hard { onthe standing uns) / part and on the / shot tal so that ston / the tums le side by side around the shank ofthe hkHanosooK oF Knots: eae. PALOMAR KNOT i cto ete esis hook when the line is likely to take a great deal of strain, I is suitable forall types of fishing line Moisten the line for a neater finish to the knot : CLINCH KNOT fe Clinch Knot can be tied qulekly an is [eee ec. ae rmonotlent yin ishing Be (p. 131 tothe eo Hook To help the ums tighten snuly ontop ofeach other moisten the monofilament nylon line before ut. working the knot into shape (p. 24). Raat ee © Double one end of O Passe endo sine _ a ine to form aha twice trough the eye Insert the bight the hack to make a loose —— they of a hook, and ge pull half of throu at sing / © Me an Ovcshand knoe (328) with the bight taking it behind the sag art then inserting though the cing are rom rt ta back » Sroved the song pt Pe © Pass the working ‘end through the round tun \ \ oy stating part Ved tr © Pass the bieht cover the point ofthe hook, stretching oe the line necessary Stoninorin. oy {© Pull onthe hook and.on the standing, pat tightening the turns so that they ee Ire sug against the eye ol the hook Work the bnot into shape anc trim ta {p. 25) the short end if requited, IMPROVED CLINCH KNOT monofilament fishing fies piu fine ot soe, make an extra ik to ean pened Cling at which wil prevent the knot om working lose r Eases Oraee eee eee standing pat to tighten the bat rroistening the line with salva to ep i side into place Work the 2 ot nto shape i. 28).SSGISS SSSA SSS SES SSS SQUARE LASHING we A is used to bind two poles together with rope. The ‘Square Lashing is used to hold two poles at a 90-deeree: ‘angle to one another. To make this lashing as secure as possible, itis important to tighten each ture as itis made Frapeing turns stabliize the lashing and tighten it further OMe aciove ich {p 56)t0 the lower part ‘ofa vertical pote li6 in from of horizontal pole, Wind the ope lalternately behing then fn font ofthe nest wo Sections ofthe pole © ull cn the ope 0 tighten around the poles The Clove Hitch wl sip to cone side ofthe vertical pole t © Take the rope over the lower part ofthe vertical poe then under the next section of the horizontal Dol to complete the tist lashing turn. Pll the rope tight. Q complete sheee more fl) Toshing tus aren the pales Pull each one tight as 8 made ASSESS GSS GT HESS SSS AAAS © Tighten the aching wih a rapping turn by bringing the rope down over the nt of the horizontal ple and behind the lower ‘ere pole ull he rapping tur ight N — => © complete the tapping tur, taking the rope i font ofthe hanzontl pate and ‘bchind the upper vertical pole Pull igh make thee full tapping turns around the poles. Ne i 2 al ic, aking the rope behind Sd around the lower vertical pole Tuck under island EE plese @ the second half hiteh to form ' Clove Hitch around the lover ‘etc pole Pull ght equited. tim tp. 25) any excess rope, leaving a fong end Tuck the long end under the lashing SSAAHATAAGSS SPAS ESSDIAGONAL LASHING AG Tiss est etn for sean agonal ras uso BH [hota structure rig When wooden poles are used for {@_scatolding. a combination of Diagonal and Square Lashings {p. 96) is used to hold them together Ensure that you have enough rope (p. 2 to compete the lashing Wot od inne Ore a Timber Hitch (p 58) horizontally J found two poles crossed diagonally Pull Tigh. Take the wr ond around to the back oF the poles in reparation for the ist rm © Make three ful honzontal tums around both poles and ‘over the Timber Hit Pll each tur tight as itis made © change the direction ofthe turns by re taking the rope behind the poles a the bottom ofthe lashing, then tothe font ofthe poles atthe top. wos WF lt \ rt ‘ampli tak dition © make the vertical tums ‘around te costed poles, tightening each tur before ‘making the nest one. rans as © Tighten the lashing mith a apping tum by threading the rope alternately schind then infront of each pole, THs il hep to secure the lashing first fapoing turnaround te ashing Make tre moe appa urs pull we pleted \ OTe shal hich around one of the lower poles Slide the half hitch ‘up the pole against the lashing then pull tient rom b AN 4 coat rake asec hot te, and pal he YS sia tbe lsng item tone the ple ‘mp Beep Ieevtg nator ert pret theme rom wotin lose tse Hitch ses faSEAS SSSA SHEER LASHING his angi often wed o bind adaent poles togethet. RRS Tris cso an etecive way of odding reinforcing timber the side ofa weak or broken poe The ping tars set een then ay be et ot ad place th wedges inserted between the made around the ends of we be opened out and used as an Atrame (below right) s.A loose Sheer Lashing les will allow the poles to yy Eeeaae ‘Clove Hc & = ae © Putting cach tun tight a Is made, make a sees of tu Teas as ong 2 the combined dlameters of © To tighien the lashing with rapping ums, take the rope down between the wa poles at one end othe turns This fal shoul be dificult to do the tus have wna been pled tightly enough ashing —_, Osring the back up bet Hircnes SSeS tt A © Pale first half hitch tight, Nake a second hal hitch, foaming a fishing Clove Hitch, by taking the pe areund the same poe an tucking under Reel ul ght ad tn re end ofthe rope.SSSSSSSS SSSA SASS IcicLE HITCH SESSA SW ben operates. thi special ich as song holding power and @ much better grip than the Rolling {9B Hitch (p82) For very smooth surfaces, make more tars [m8 Pel he ot in lace with yourhand as strani applied until the hitch has hele O make stn aroun —— fed ing the verry | Es faftotheleltofthe Twn Z Standing part Cross it ‘ver the standing part soning —— @ Take the orang end tothe {this smal hp cistinc for the rest ofthe hitch © bring the working end ofthe rope over {he od, leaving a sum ‘(HB 000. ea ane ——— O Take the working end through the lage loop tomate atumn around the rod ont —_— Woking © make ster Toop totay alongside Continue to make Br leoat a tuins Sua bop oa @ Tuck the working end down throvgh the sna loop forse in Step 2 and fed slack the working end before pulling gently on the ‘ovking end and standing par Suing eo @ Put the fll strain on the working end to fly tighten and Depae It for use Make sure that most o the turns are lockedPRUSIK KNOT for climbers by Dr Cael Prusik 165 a sing to a main rope, which must foctholds for climbing a rope the finished knot is secure and will hold under strain, especially in icy or wet conditions BACHMANN KNOT =a ee RAP Accra vag nee eeal eee ighten the knot. it should only be applied karabiner gate larabint on toa sling Lay ofthe main rope and hold the "efaabiner agaist the main rope @ wind thei tthe sling around the main pe and td ofthe © continue bing the kaabin harabine - O Tosi the sing, and we he katabiner to ‘move the botPee SSSSS TSS ASAE SSSSSS SSAA KLEMHEIST KNOT ITALIAN HITCH he second rope used in this ik Knot (P. 104) mu| OWT ectiiia toe AlALPINE BUTTERFLY Tie noi ly can be tied quicBOWLINE See ead ep ocrenoetelccanicey ‘one of two methods ‘The first method (below) is A, Se eager ee ie age eee ee ae eee Be Scene Sania ees ae ~g-% O Take a long working end ofa rope over he sania pan orm 3 rs are ONS the crossing tur i ace with one hand oie with ths metho make sue that he tani ae the bod, Thi method can alo be wet secu a lowe end © tate hn © Passe working end throw th 7 ing turn fom back Lw/ 8 lange kop inthe werking end the tinal loop ofthe knoe | BOWLINE WITH BOWLINE WITH \" etsy STOPPER Two Turns mt Qrass though front to back Pull the standing pre and on the doubled working fend fo tighten the knotsos SSSA SSA | FIGURE-OF-EIGHT LOO! ' ae ee Iso known as the Double Figure of Eight, gg this oops avoured by climbers because While itis not as easy to untie asthe ‘ Bovine 112.1 es key to betes inconely. The Fgure-oF Eight Loop is formed in the same way asthe Figure of Eight (. 30), using a bg Re cater than the end ofa rope. mH (O Form a fick by doubling a length of rope Make a crasing tart by taking the ‘igh over and behind the standing parts | Sundin pars 7 spt oe © To orn the Figure of ] Eight, pull the bight through thecrssing ‘um. Pul ght. Open ‘out the bight to form the op ofthe ket. cow SSSSSASSSASAAASEASEE THREADED FIGURE-OF-EIGHT Loop hs knots threaded through te-on RAT hoops on a climbers harness. can aso be tied around a rng or poe Double (p. 25 the rape neatly 50 that the knct les snug and even Sahm Worn on O Lesing se toone Fg of Eke roadie nrg nd thcugh rma @ tmen one voting end no the epee he agro lhe om back ‘oto forming bp aun the ing © onde deere oiekrcaeh eer te a abd nds do SSSSSEAEENSELSSSSBOWLINE. ON THE BIGHT his dole lop canbe ied inthe middle ‘of length of rope. The two strands of the loop can then be used separately only one strand ofthe rope is used to take stain, tle the loose strand to the fist strand using ‘an Overhand Knot (p. 28) Sud ars © Double a length of pe to frm hat. Make a ering tun by taking the bight ‘over the standing pars Pass the bight hugh the crossing turn trom back tolront [om © Leaving» ouile- stranded Ixp_open out thei, and pull e down to exerd just below the oop, swing / Sanna ae L sic tte, © Pass the bight over then behind the lop and crossing turn Bengt wey up bend the standing pars C O rotighten the kno, pull onthe cosine / standing pats and on the strands of ‘a ‘ the loop below the crossing tun. = us “PORTUGUESE BOWLINE Sag Br aceine a aeitina top tthe “S Dooutine «p. 112), a pair of loops ean bern tat re astble in proton {6 eachother Evel stain nets to be taken on both oops to prevent the om ai changing size while they are being used estes tun Waking nd if O Leaving «lng wting ake the pe over the sting part to make 3 sig tura ring the working en UP foul the crossing tum from back to forming kower lo, Bring the 1nd backup toform a second loop, Stein pt eal O Pass ihe weshing end up through the cossing tum trom back to rant a second time, then tke bind the standing part hat 5 Take the working ee Seon op oh / ‘end down through sie the crossing turn, Kong eS e LO tighten the ot by palling on the standing ith one hand, anh x“ ‘on the working end ard \ worn the second loop mith the other oo 119)SPANISH BOWLINE 8 _A tation ofthe Bowtne p12, the spanish Bovine ‘“ has two kop that can be adjusted and will lock into \\ position Strain should be taken equally on both loops [EBj_Tonlyone standing arto the rope wl be used, te the spare standing part tothe first, following Steps 1-3 ofthe Bowline - Second Method (p. 113). oe & maim Ge O make two cos tums cle tone another The ine steands ofthe crossing tums should ie om top. ~ © Prek up oot crossing tums, and twist che outer strands ‘over the Inner stands x Sothat they ros just below the centies of WSs each tun ewe Ne rant Te ttn O Pass sheets crossing tum through the right resting turn from back 9 front Reeping the not symmetrical. A ewer crossing turn wil frm aroun the standing part at cing the bottom of tu theo Q Reach through the sack each turn Pick Up rent stand of the over crossing turn with hherght hand and the let strand of the lower rossing tum with he let hans er, © Pail the oghtand tet co Strands ofthe lower cfossing tur through fo fom vo Le patton ihe loops and Se tancing parts totiahten iat the knot a.ANGLER’S Loop SINGLE FIGURE-OF-EIGHT en tied in fishing five, the 5 ON THE BIGHTS SS ENGLISHMAN’ S Loop ilar to the Fisherman's Knot (p74), the Englishman's Loop uses two Overhand Knots (p. 28) to form a fixed bp The drawing together of two knots to form one gives this knot a symbolic romantic value Ona sipped ‘Ovethand Ket ok through a cresing tam Ts fom fen COverhand Kae Sit fs ihe tet sand pot © To tie the second Overhand Knot, take the working = ‘nd over the doning pr se around tse Tack the working end unde tel ten al ving Su nittorghten the second mses pat ‘Overhand Knot = 7 sy © to complete ne tnalotnons top Douste oullon he standing _ ENGLISHMAN’s Loop Settee la Orchard Ents shi tester ‘made wile yine the SSSA SSSR BLOOD DROPPER KNOT GT isin tet at the end fishing ine to fxm 4 loop to which a shot length of line with a fly or a baited hock can be fixed. The twists in this knot Identify itas a member of the bl frat family _ Staniegpt Wong od = Fe, lease Ovethand Knot (p28) tahng the eran under the sang part Tuck the working es around the standing pat, forming ten twists @ Find tne conte ‘ofthe single line © pull on the line ether side ofthe twists so that hey ell tegether towards che loop ina neat barrel shape. Pullen the op eceasknally to Keep iin nace. and work the twists nto hope (p28) iF Q Give a fna tog to both ends of the ine and to the lop to bed the twits securely in place SSSSASSS SSIS aSBIMINI TWIST UGE Tie Bimini used to forma lon inp at the end 5 I ofa braided or monofilament fishing lite Originally developed for big-game fishing. It now has a place in all styles of fishing, The technique used to tie this knot needs two paits of hands, and may take some practice. S Lay, \ Hote © Measure approximately 1m (5 atthe end of ine, an fold it back to tor ala Ho the ine together wih one hard Teaving esrting emt of about 45 €m (8 In} Open out the end tthe loop withthe other hard “ary © Keeping the line under tension.twist the hand inside and around the end ofthe loop ering twists in the two Tne of the op. Continue ‘ntl approximately 20 twists have been rade In che ins {© 54 msineaning the tension inthe line ask an sition to rake the remainder athe lop in beth hands. Hold the sunding par of the line with one hand, and the working end in the other. The assistant should ‘ow open out the loop with both hands to force the {wists tomas the standing part and the working en Serge \ rt Stasing| ‘ato Oatiow the wothing end trl ound the outside ‘tthe Oise they tighten Keep cen out the loop rll the working ens round the line towards the lop. Y2 hd \ al ich © when the working end has ‘covered al the tists, passit Sound one of the lines ofthe Toop and under tse orm aval hich Pull ght O Take the working end round both ines of the loep. then pass it twice under iselt ™ © Pull the working end tight Work the tums neatly nto place (p24, and ein (25) the working end 0 ‘preximately 6 men (i)