QHRZ<RU]-A8ZDMU 8
Rjhn
8. Rajrhdo
Rajrhdo paragpuhd
paragpuhd ugur =5 thcud,
thcud, O8V6H6,
O8V6H6, ehthdo
ehthdo ka kn`d`k
kn`d`k udtuk
udtuk gagar`ks
gagar`kshkhd
hkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd garhsh baghs eadohd kachg`nhddyh. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu
gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, `mu gadoanuc bapht nanhc,
tarkhehdo gudbun dyar` ehd garhsh baghs ehd dyhghd. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k,
BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855
x/gad`t. M`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd adejrpc`d ghsshoa yhdo marghdlhht udtuk ranhkshs` ehd
gadourhdo` kabaghshd. Hphkhc ghdlhht nh`d adejrpc`d ghsshoa udtuk khsus e` hths: *
h. Qdtuk
Qdtuk gagparba
gagparbapht
pht parshn`
parshn`dhd
dhd

 m.
b. Qdtuk
Qdtuk gadoanjnh
Qdtuk gadoan
gadoanjnh jnh rhsh
pardh shk`t
pardhphs
phshd
hd
e. Qdtuk gad`dokht
gad`dokhtkhd khd panaphshd
panaphshd jks`tjs`d
jks`tjs`d ehd adejrpc`d
adejrpc`d
a. Qdtu
Qdtuk k parao
paraohdo hdohdhd
=. Rajrhdo
Rajrhdo paragpuhd
paragpuhd marus`hmarus`h =1 thcud
thcud O8V6H6
O8V6H6 chg`n
chg`n 20 g`doou
g`doou ehthdo
ehthdo ka VGM udtuk
gagar`kshkhd kachg`nhddyh ehd `do`d ganhc`rkhd sabhrh hnhg`, dyhghd (Oadtna M`rtc).
Chs`n pagar`kshhd e`ehphtkhd UE 9 8=6/36 ggCo, D 9 == x/gad`t, Najpjne @ Mjkjdo,
najpjne @@ Vudooudo, Najpjne @@@ Akstrag`ths, Najpjne @\ Kaphnh. Hphkhc kaudtudohd
Oadtna m`rtc mho` `mu : *
h. Mjude`
Mjude`do do tari
tarihn`
hn`d
d arht
arht
 m. Marehgphk pjs`t`l pheh pjnh hsuc hdhk 
b. G`d`
G`d`g g UrUrhuhughgh
e. G`d`g
G`d`g @dtarv
@dtarvadsads``
a. Garh
Garhsh sh namnam`c`c puhs
puhs
2. Rajrhdo
Rajrhdo paragpuhd
paragpuhd ugur 2= thcud, thcud, O2V6H=,
O2V6H=, ehthdo
ehthdo ka kn`d`k
kn`d`k udtuk
udtuk gagar`ks
gagar`kshkhd
hkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd guehc nanhc. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n
kat`oh, us`h kachg`nhd 1 munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, bhpak, mhehd paoan-paoan. Chs`n
 pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ 2
 ihr` e` hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. @mu `do`d `kut kanhs pradhthn yjoh e` kn`d`k tarsamut.
Hphkhc yhdo chrus e`parcht`khd m`ehd, i`kh `mu `do`d `kut pradhthn yjoh: *
h. Vh
Vhr`r`th
thss ``mu
mu
 m. Qs`h kachg`nhd `mu
b. ]`whyht
]`whyht kach kachg`ng`nhd
hd yhdo
yhdo nhnu
nhnu
e. Qs`h
s`h ``mu
mu
a. Ua
Uakhkhdhd
dhd Ehrhc
Ehrhc `mu `mu
5. Rajrhdo
Rajrhdo M`ehd gagmar`khgagmar`khd d c`pdjtarhp`
c`pdjtarhp` pheh
pheh `mu chg`n
chg`n udtuk gadourhdo
gadourhdo`` rhsh dyar`
dyar`
 pheh pudooudo mho`hd mhwhcdyh. M`ehd ganhkukhd padounhdohd khth sabhrh marunhdo
ehd kjds`stad. Hphkhc dhgh Nhdokhc ehnhg c`pdjtarhp` : *
h. @eadt`
@eadt`l` l`khs
khs`` kanjgp
kanjgpjk jk 
 m. Jtjr`ths
b. ]ap`
]ap`tt`s`
e. Cypd
Cypdjs js`s`s
a. Agjs`
1. Rajrhdo
Rajrhdo paragpuhd
paragpuhd us`h us`h =2 thcud
thcud chg`n
chg`n =3 g`doou
g`doou eht`do
eht`do ka VGM eadohd
eadohd sushc
sushc t`eur.
t`eur.
@dtarvads` yhdo e`nhkukhd eadohd gagmar`khd hkuprasura pheh 8 -= bud e`manhkhdo ehud
tan`doh. U`t`k Gar`e`hd ghdhkhc udtu gadourhdo` kanuchd tarsamut : *
h. OM 8=
 m. O\ =5.1
b. B\ 8?
e. OM =6
a. VB <
<. Rajrhdo
Rajrhdo paragpuhd
paragpuhd us`h us`h =2 thcud
thcud chg`n
chg`n =3 g`doou
g`doou ehthdo
ehthdo ka VGM eadohd
eadohd udtuk
udtuk bjdtrjn
bjdtrjn
kachg`nhd ehd `do`d gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo hdiurkhd
sanhgh kachg`nhd : *
h. ]jsa
 m. Iudd`par 
b. Ihsg
Ihsg``da
e. Or
Orhphpal
alru
ru`t`t
a. Bnjva
?. Rajrhdo
Rajrhdo paragpuhd
paragpuhd us`h
us`h =5 thcud
thcud chg`n
chg`n =0 g`doou
g`doou ehthdo
ehthdo ka VGM eadohd
eadohd udtuk
udtuk bjdtrjn
bjdtrjn
kachg`nhd ehd `do`d gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo hdiurkhd
sanhgh kachg`nhd : *
 

h. Nhva
Nhvade
dear 
ar 
 m. B`ddhgjd
b. Bnjva
e. Ladd
ddaan
a. Nagj
Nagjdodorh
rhss
ss
3. Rajrhdo
Rajrhdo paragpuhd
paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud,
thcud, O=V8H6
O=V8H6 ehthdo ka kn`d`k
kn`d`k udtuk
udtuk gagar`kshkh
gagar`kshkhdd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd baghs gadochehp` prjsas parshn`dhd. Chs`n hdhgdas`s
`mu gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk kaeuh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, thkut gadochehp` prjsas
 parshn`dhd khradh trhugh eadohd rjmakhd par`daug. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V
83 x/gdt, D 33 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855 x/gad`t.

M`ehd hkhdmarhphkhc
kachg`nhd ganhkukhdmjnac
ghsshoa udtuk ghsshoa
e`nhkukhd gad`dokhtkhd anhst`s`ths
tarsamut: * jtjt par`daug. Gunh` us`h
h. 25 g`doou
doou
 m. 26 g`doou
b. 2= g`doou
doou
e. =5 g`do
g`doou ou
a. =3 g`doou
doou
0. Rajrhdo
Rajrhdo paragpuhd
paragpuhd marus`h
marus`h =2 thcud
thcud O8V6H6
O8V6H6 chg`n
chg`n =3 g`doou
g`doou ganhkukhd
ganhkukhd c`pdjtar
c`pdjtarhp`
hp`
eadohd ganhkukhd kjgud`khs` eadohd ihd`d. @mu ganathkhd kaeuh thdohd hdeh e`hths
 phch k`r` ehd khdhd. Uhchphd kamarhph yhdo e`nhkukhd `mu : *
h. Nhdo
Nhdokhkhc c1
 m. Nhdokhc =
b. Nhdo
Nhdokhkhc c2
e. Nhdo
Nhdokhkhc c5
a. Nhdo
Nhdokhkhc c8
86. Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h == thcud chg`n 86 g`dooug`doou eht`do ka VGM eadohd kanuchd guhn
gudthc yhdo suehc gadoohdoou hkt`l`ths sachr` chr`. @dtarvads` yhdo e`nhkukhd eadohd
gagmar`khd hkuprasura. U`t`k Gar`e`hd ghdhkhc udtu gadourhdo` guhn : *
h. Rp <
 m. OM 8=
b. K@E =?
e. B\ 8?
a. VB <
88. Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =5 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn` kn`d`k
d`k udtuk gagar`ks
gagar`kshkhd
hkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd garhsh baghs eadohd kachg`nhddyh. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu
gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, `mu gadoanuc bapht nanhc,
tarkhehdo gudbun dyar` ehd garhsh baghs ehd dyhghd. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k,
BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855
x/gad`t. M`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd ghsshoa udtuk ranhkshs` ehd gadourhdo` kabaghshd.
Hphkhc alak shgp`do ehr` ghsshoa tarsamut: *
h. ]] djrg
djrghn hn
 m. @mu gadihe` ranhks
b. M`sh
M`sh gudbu
gudbunn kjdtr
kjdtrhks
hks``
e. Vrjeuk
Vrjeuks` s` HR@
HR@ nhdb
nhdbar 
ar 
a. Uakhdhd
Uakhdhd Ehrhc
Ehrhc djrghn
djrghn
8=. Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =5 thcud chg`n =0 g`dooug`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd udtuk bjdtrjn
kachg`nhd ehd `do`d gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo e`c`dehr`
sanhgh kachg`nhd : *
h. ]jsa
]jsaghghrrrry
y
 m. Nagjd
b. Nhva
Nhvadedear 
ar 
e. Va
Vat`
t`to
torh
rh`d
`d
a. Uah tr
traa
82. Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =? thcud chg`n =3 g`dooug`doou ehthdo ka Vs`k`htar
Vs`k`htar eadohd kanuchd
baghs ehnhg gadochehp` parshn`dhd. Chs`n 9 tanhc e`nhkukhd prjsas c`pdjtarhp`. Hphkhc
thchphd pheh khsus e`hths: *
h. Vrjsae
Vrjsaeurur tarhpa
tarhpaut`
ut`k 
k 
 m. Vra @deuks`
b. @deu
@deuks
ks``
e. Uarg
Uarg`d
`dhs
hs``
a. Ruoa
Ruoast
st``
 

85. Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`kn`d`k

d`k udtuk gagar`ks
gagar`kshkhd
hkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` mho`hd pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd
chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, bhpak, mhehd paoan-
 paoan. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36
ggCo, ULQ 2 ihr` e` hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. Oarhkhd hphkhc yhdo tapht udtuk
gadohwhn` sas` yjoh: *
h. Va
Vagh
ghdhdhsh
shdd
 m. Rhvhdh
b. Nht`
Nht`ch
chdd `dt`
`dt`
e. Va
Vara
raoh
ohdo
dohd
hd

81. a. Badt
Badtar
Rajrhdo ar`d
`do
o
paragpuhd ugur =5 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`
kn`d`k
d`k udtuk gagar`ks
gagar`kshkhd
hkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd garhsh baghs eadohd kachg`nhddyh. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu
gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, `mu gadoanuc bapht nanhc,
tarkhehdo gudbun dyar` ehd garhsh baghs ehd dyhghd. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k,
BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855
x/gad`t. M`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd ghsshoa udtuk ranhkshs` ehd gadourhdo` kabaghshd.
Hphkhc alak shgp`do ehr` ghsshoa tarsamut: *
h. Uakhdhd
Uakhdhd Ehrhc
Ehrhc djrghn
djrghn
 m. ]] djrghn
b. Vrjeuk
Vrjeuks` s` HR@ nhdbar 
nhdbar 
e. M`sh
M`sh gudbun
gudbun kjdt
kjdtrhk
rhks`
s`
a. @mu gadihe
gadihe`` ranhks
ranhks
8<. Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =? thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn` kn`d`k
d`k udtuk gagar`ks
gagar`kshkhd
hkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` mho`hd pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd
chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, tarkhehdo gudbun
dyar` e` eharhc pudooudo. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R
2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ 2 ihr` e` hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. Ghsshoa hphkhc
yhdo gudok`d e`nhkukhd udtuk gadourhdo` kanuchd: *
h. Va
Var`
r`da
daug
ug ghss
ghsshohoaa
 m. Jks`tjs`d ghsshoa
b. Bjudt
Bjudtar ar pras
prassu
sura
ra
e. Allnau
Allnaurho
rhoaa ghssh
ghsshoa oa
a. Adej
Adejrp rpc`
c`dd ghssho
ghsshoaa
8?. Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur 22 thcud, O=V8H6 ehthdo ka kn`d`k kn`d`k udtuk gagar`
gagar`kshkhd
kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd baghs gadochehp` prjsas parshn`dhd. Chs`n hdhgdas`s
`mu gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk kaeuh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, thkut gadochehp` prjsas
 parshn`dhd khradh trhugh eadohd rjmakhd par`daug. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V
83 x/gdt, D 33 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855 x/gad`t.
M`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd ghsshoa udtuk gad`dokhtkhd anhst`s`ths jtjt par`daug. Radshs`
hphkhc yhdo parthghkhn` e`rhshkhd jnac `mu pheh shht e`nhkukhd ghsshoa: *
h. Murd
Murd``do
 m. Rn`oct murd`do
b. Caht
Caht mur
murd`d`do
do
e. Kamhn
a. Uaohdo
83. Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =0 thcud, O=V8H6 ehthdo ka kn`d`k kn`d`k udtuk gagar`
gagar`kshkhd
kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd baghs gadochehp` prjsas parshn`dhd. Chs`n hdhgdas`s
`mu gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk kaeuh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, thkut gadochehp` prjsas
 parshn`dhd khradh trhugh eadohd rjmakhd par`daug. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V
83 x/gdt, D 33 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855 x/gad`t.
M`ehd ganhkukhd ghsshoa udtuk gad`dokhtkhd anhst`s`ths par`daug. Vhkhc oarhkhd
 parthgh udtuk gagunh` ghsshoa: *
h. Jn
Jnas
as`` g`
g`dyh
dyhk k 
 m. V`iht gagmadtuk curul „Q‗
b. Uakhd
Uakhd eharhc
eharhc par`da
par`daug
ug =-2 gad`t
gad`t
e. Kjgpra
Kjgprass h`r h`r chdoht
chdoht
a. V`iht
V`iht eharhc
eharhc par`da
par`daug ug
80. Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd kachg`nhddyh,
eadohd kanuchd bapht nanhc shht marhkt`v`ths. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk 
kaeuh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, ehd paoan-paoan tumucdyh. Chs`n
 pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ 2
 

 ihr` e` hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. Ghsshoa hphkhc yhdo gudok`d e`nhkukhd udtuk
gadourhdo` kanuchd: *
h. V`
V`ih
ihtt sc`
sc`ht
htsu
su
 m. Rwae`sc ghsshoa
b. Cjt
Cjt st stjd
jdaa ghss
ghssho
hoaa
e. V`
V`ih
ihtt ralna
ralnaks
ks``
a. V`iht
V`iht trhe`s
trhe`s`jd
`jdhn
hn
=6. Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =5 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn` kn`d`k
d`k udtuk gagar`ks
gagar`kshkhd
hkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd garhsh baghs eadohd kachg`nhddyh. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu
gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, `mu gadoanuc bapht nanhc, ehd

garhsh
2<,1jB,baghs
UE 8=6/36ehd dyhghd.
ggCo, Chs`n pagar`kshhd
ULQ sat`doo` KQ855
px, EII mh`k, BG, V M`ehd
x/gad`t. 83 x/gdt,
hkhdDganhkukhd
35 x/gdt, R
adejrpc`d ghsshoa. Qs`h kachg`nhd marhph g`doou mjnac e`nhkukhd adejrpc`d ghsshoa:
*
h. Nam`c
Nam`c ehr`
ehr` =5=5 g`do
g`doou ou
 m. Nam`c ehr` 26 g`doou
b. Nam`c
Nam`c ehr`
ehr` 2<2< g`do
g`doou ou
e. Nam`c
Nam`c ehr`
ehr` =6 g`do
g`doou ou
a. Nam`c
Nam`c ehr`
ehr` 2525 g`do
g`doou ou
=8. Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn` kn`d`k
d`k gadoanuc mhehd paoan-
 paoan. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadohthkhd chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd 3 munhd, `mu
garhsh guehc nanhc ehd tarkhehdo gudbun dyar` e` eharhc phdooun. Chs`n pagar`kshhd
KQ mh`k, BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ partadohchd
 pusht-px, EII 855 x/gad`t. M`ehd gadyhrhdkhd udtuk `kut kanhs pradhthn yjoh. Rhnhc shtu
oarhkhd yjoh yhdo e`hihrkhd hehnhc pjs`s` eueuk e` hths oyg mhnn ehd ganhkukhd
oarhkhd gaguthr phdooun. Uuiuhd oarhkhd `d` hehnhc…. *
h. Gagpar
Gagparehn ehnhghg khphs`t
khphs`thshs dhphs
dhphs
 m. Ganadturkhd jtjt pudooudo
b. Gagmuht
Gagmuht tumuc tumuc & p`k`rhd
p`k`rhd nam`c
nam`c ranhks
ranhks
e. Ganadturkhd
Ganadturkhd jtjt phdooun & p`dooun p`dooun
a. Ganht`
Ganht`c c pardhp
pardhphshhshd d
==. Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =< thcud chg`n =5 g`doou g`doou eht`do ka VGM eadohd kanuchd sushc
t`eur. @dtarvads` yhdo e`nhkukhd yh`tu eadohd gagmar`khd hbuprassura. Hphkhc ghdlhht
ehr` hkuprasura : *
h. Ghdh
Ghdhia iaga
gad d stras
strasss
 m. Vadyagmuchd p`k`rhd
b. Gad`do
Gad`dokht khtkhd
khd kataohd
kataohdohdohd syhrhl 
syhrhl 
e. Ghdoohn
Ghdoohnhkkh hkkhd d pag`k`rh
pag`k`rhd d
a. Gad`do
Gad`dokht khtkhd
khd satras
satrasss
=2. Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =? thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn` kn`d`k
d`k udtuk gagar`ks
gagar`kshkhd
hkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd garhsh baghs eadohd kachg`nhddyh. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu
gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, `mu gadoanuc bapht nanhc,
tarkhehdo gudbun dyar` ehd garhsh baghs ehd dyhghd. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k,
BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855
x/gad`t. M`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd ghsshoa udtuk ranhkshs` ehd gadourhdo` kabaghshd.
Cjrgjd hphkhc yhdo e`mutuckhd udtuk ranhkshs`: *
h. Astr
Astrjo
joadad
 m. Adejrpc`d
b. Vr
Vrjn
jnhb
hbt`t`d
d
e. Vr
Vrjo
joas
astatarj
rjdada
a. Jks`
Jks`tjtjs`
s`dd
=5. Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =6 thcud chg`n =0 g`doou g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd udtuk bjdtrjn
kachg`nhd ehd `do`d gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo e`c`dehr`
sanhgh kachg`nhd : *
h. Orhp
Orhpal alru
ru`t
`t
 m. Bnjva
b. Uah trtraa
e. Nhva
Nhvade dear 
ar 
a. Va
Vat`
t`to
torh
rh`d
`d
=1. Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =6 thcud chg`n 2= g`doou
g`doou eht`do ka VGM eadohd sushc t`eur.
@dtarvads` yhdo e`nhkukhd eadohd gagmar`khd hkuprasura. U`t`k Gar`e`hd ghdhkhc udtu
gadourhdo` guhn : *
 

h. O\ =5.1
 m. OM =6
b. OM 8=
e. B\ 8?
a. VB <
=<. Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h 80 thcud chg`n 2< g`doou
g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd gadohnhg`
strass khradh hkhd gadochehp` parshn`dhd. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo e`hdiurkhd : *
h. Aubh
Aubhny
nypt
ptus
us
 m. Nhvadear 
b. B`trus

e.
a. Y
J`r`oh
dohdu
r`oa
oar 
r  g
dug
=?. Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h == thcud chg`n =3 g`doou
g`doou eht`do ka VGM eadohd kanuchd
baghs. @dtarvads` yhdo e`nhkukhd eadohd gagmar`khd hkuprasura. U`t`k Gar`e`hd
ghdhkhc udtu gadourhdo` baghs : *
h. B\ 8?
 m. Rp <
b. K@E =?
e. OM 8=
a. VB <
=3. Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur == thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn` kn`d`k
d`k udtuk gagar`ks
gagar`kshkhd
hkhd
kachg`nhddyh. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h < munhd, t`ehk
heh ghshnhc eadohd kachg`nhddyh. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35
x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` pusht, Najpjne @ tarhmh munht, karhs
ehd ganadt`do. EII 855 x/gad`t. Oarhkhd pradhthn yjoh hphkhc yhdo e`shrhdkhd sasuh`
eadohd khsus tarsamut: *
h. Bht
Bht pjs
pjsa
 m. Bc`ne pjsa/Gant`do cahrt pjsa
b. _hrr
_hrr`j`jrr pj
pjsasa
e. Mutt
Muttar
arln
lnyy pjsa
pjsa
a. U`oa
U`oarr pjsa
pjsa
=0. Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =2 thcud chg`n =0 g`doou
g`doou eht`do ka VGM eadohd kanuchd
garhsh baghs khradh paohn paohn pheh tunhdo manhkhdodyh suehc gadoohdoou hkt`l`ths.
@dtarvads` e`mar`khd hrjghtarhp` udtuk gadourhdo` kabaghshd yhdo e`hnhg`. Hphkhc
Iad`s assads`hn j`n yhdo tapht udtuk khsus e`hths : *
h. Nhva
Nhvadedear 
ar 
 m. Bchgjg`na
b. Nagjd
e. ]jsa
a. Ihsg
Ihsg``da
26. Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn` kn`d`k
d`k udtuk gagar`ks
gagar`kshkhd
hkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` mho`hd pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd
chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, bhpak, mhehd paoan-
 paoan. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36
ggCo, ULQ 2 ihr` e` hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. Rhnhc shtu oarhkhd yhdo e`hihrkhd
hehnhc whrr`jr pjsa. _hrr`jr pjsa hehnhc targhsuk oarhkhd e` nht`chd `dt` mho`hd hph: *
h. Rt
Rthm
hm`n
`n`s
`shs
hs``
 m. ]astjrht`va
b. Varaoh
Varaohdohd
dohd s`s`
s`s` shgp`
shgp`do
do tumuc
tumuc
e. Lnjw
a. Vars`h
Vars`hphd
phd prjsas
prjsas parshn`
parshn`dhd
dhd
28. Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn` kn`d`k
d`k udtuk gagar`ks
gagar`kshkhd
hkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` mho`hd pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd
chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, bhpak, mhehd paoan-
 paoan. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36
ggCo, ULQ 2 ihr` e` hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. Rhnhc shtu oarhkhd yhdo e`hihrkhd
hehnhc muttarlny pjsa. Muttarlny pjsa hehnhc targhsuk oarhkhd e` nht`chd `dt` mho`hd hph:
h. Vars`h
Vars`hphd
phd prjsas
prjsas parshn`
parshn`dhd
dhd
 m. ]astjrht`va
b. Rthm
Rthm`n
`n`s
`shs
hs``
e. Varaohdohd
Varaohdohd s`s`
s`s` shgp`do
shgp`do tumuc
tumuc
a. Lnjw
 

2=. Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =1 thcud chg`n =0 g`doou

g`doou eht`do ka VGM eadohd kanuchd
garhsh baghs khradh paohn paohn pheh tunhdo manhkhdodyh suehc gadoohdoou hkt`l`ths.
@dtarvads` e`mar`khd hrjghtarhp` udtuk gadourhdo` kabaghshd yhdo e`hnhg`. Hphkhc
tuiuhd ehr` hrjghtarp` : *
h. Gagpadohruc`
Gagpadohruc` suhshdh
suhshdh cht` hthu kasacht
kasachthd
hd
 m. Gagpadohruc` suhshdh p`k`rhd
b. Gagmar
Gagmar`kh`khd
d hrjgh
hrjgh whdo`
whdo`
e. Gagmar
Gagmar`kh`khd
d kakuhthd
kakuhthd tumuc
tumuc
a. Gagmar
Gagmar`kh`khd
d hrjgh
hrjgh saohr 
saohr 
22. Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn` kn`d`k
d`k udtuk gagar`ks
gagar`kshkhd
hkhd

kachg`nhddyh,
`mu gadyhthkhdeadohd kanuchd
chg`n hdhk baghsus`h
parthgh, gadochehp` prjsas
kachg`nhd parshn`dhd.
0 munhd, Chs`n hdhgdas`s
garhsh guehc nanhc, baghs,
 parhshhd thkut. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 33 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE
8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855 x/gad`t. M`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd ghsshoa udtuk
ranhkshs`. Kat`kh ehnhg kahehhd yhdo mhoh`ghdh pag`ihthd chrus e`cadt`khd: *
h. Rhht `mu garhsh
garhsh r`naks
r`naks
 m. Rhht us`h kachg`nhd manug ghtur 
b. Rh
Rhht
ht patu
patuoh ohss nanhc
nanhc
e. Rhht heh kjdtrhk
kjdtrhks`s`
a. Rhht t`ehk
t`ehk hehheh kjdtr
kjdtrhks
hks``
25. Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =< thcud chg`n =< g`doou g`doou gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp` yhdo
udtuk gagmar`khd sadsh` ranhks. Mhoh`ghdhkhc padooudhhd hrjghtarhp` yhdo tapht: *
h. Uagpapann
 m. G`dug
b. C`rup
e. Jnas
a. Ragprjt
21. Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =6 thcud chg`n 2= g`doou g`doou eht`do ka VGM eadohd sushc t`eur.
@dtarvads` yhdo e`nhkukhd eadohd gagmar`khd hkuprasura pheh sapart`oh hdtar`jr ehd
euh part`oh pjstar`jr hdthrh ihr` ka = ehd ka 2 manhkhdo tug`t. U`t`k Gar`e`hd ghdhkhc
udtu gadourhdo` kanuchd tarsamut: *
h. K@E =?
 m. K@E 8
b. OM 8=
e. Om =6
a. V3
2<. Rajrhdo paragpuhd marus`h 26 thcud O=V6H8 chg`n 23 g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd
kanuchd thkut pheh shht parshn`dhd. Chs`n Vagar`kshhd e`ehphtkhd UE 9 826/36 ggCo,
 D 9 26x/gad`t, ]] 9 826x/gad`t. Uhchp c`pdjtarp` yhdo e`nhkukhd hehnhc gagmar`khd
`dstruks` yhdo kjdt`dyu pheh p`k`rhd mhwhc shehr. Uhchp hphkhc yhdo e`nhkukhd m`ehd
tarsamut : *
h. \`
\`su
suhn
hn`s
`shs
hs``
 m. ]anhkshs`
b. Hl`rg
l`rghshs``
e. Eaap
Eaapadad`d`doo
a. Kjgu
Kjgud` d`kh
khs`
s` ihd`
ihd`dd
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd baghs gadochehp` prjsas parshn`dhd. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu
gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, baghs, parhshhd
thkut. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 33 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo,
ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855 x/gad`t. Ghsshoa hphkhc yhdo gudok`d e`nhkukhd udtuk gadourhdo`
kanuchd: *
Bjudtar prassura
Allnaurhoa ghsshoa
Var`daug ghsshoa
Jks`tjs`d ghsshoa
Adejrpc`d ghsshoa
Rajrhdo paragpuhd marus`h =2 thcud O8V6H6 chg`n =3 g`doou ganhkukhd c`pdjtarhp` eadohd
ganhkukhd kjgud`khs` eadohd ihd`d. @mu ganhkukhd v`suhn`shs` bhnjd mhy` marheh e`sak`thr 8
gatar e`eaphd `mu. Uhchphd kamarhph yhdo e`nhkukhd `mu : *
Nhdokhc 0
Nhdokhc 86
 

Nhdokhc ?
Nhdokhc 3
Nhdokhc <
Rajrhdo m`ehd yhdo makarih e` puskasghs gado`kut` panht`chd tadthdo C`pdjtarhp` udtuk `mu
chg`n. C`pdjs`s e`tagukhd jnac Er. Orhdtnay E`bk tadthdo Bc`nem`rtc w`tcjut lahr. Vheh thcud
 marhphkhc `tu : *
8?25
8010
8036
=66=

8381
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =5 thcud chg`n =0 g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd udtuk bjdtrjn
kachg`nhd ehd `do`d gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo hdiurkhd sanhgh
kachg`nhd : *
Nagjdorhss
B`ddhgjd
Pnhdo Pnhdo
Bnjva
Laddan
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =6 thcud chg`n =0 g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd udtuk bjdtrjn
kachg`nhd ehd `do`d gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo e`c`dehr` sanhgh
kachg`nhd : *
Marohgjt
Bchgjg`na
Lrhdk`dbadsa
Aubhnyptus
Baehrwjje
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur 22 thcud, O=V8H6 ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd ohthn-ohthn e` eharhc kaghnuhd. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd
chg`n hdhk kaeuh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, thkut gadochehp` prjsas parshn`dhd khradh trhugh
eadohd rjmakhd par`daug. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 33 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB,
UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855 x/gad`t. M`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd ghsshoa udtuk
gad`dokhtkhd anhst`s`ths jtjt par`daug. Kjde`s` `mu yhdo ghdh, sac`dooh t`ehk mjnac e`nhkukhd
ghsshoa: *
Kanuchd e` eharhc kaghnuhd
Qgur `mu
Urhugh parshn`dhd yhdo nhnu
]`whyht kachg`nhd
@mu baghs
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =0 thcud, O=V8H6 ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd baghs gadochehp` prjsas parshn`dhd. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu
gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk kaeuh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, thkut gadochehp` prjsas parshn`dhd
khradh trhugh eadohd rjmakhd par`daug. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 33
x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855 x/gad`t. Ghsshoa hphkhc yhdo
e`mutuckhd phs`ad tarsamut: *
Ghsshoa udtuk gagparbapht parshn`dhd
Ghsshoa udtuk gagparbapht kjdtrhks`
Ghsshoa udtuk gad`dokhtkhd anhst`s`ths jtjt ehd ihr`dohd par`daug
Ghsshoa udtuk gadoanjnh pardhphshd
Ghsshoa udtuk nht`chd l`s`k 
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =2 thcud chg`n =6 g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd udtuk bjdtrjn
kachg`nhd ehd `do`d gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo hdiurkhd sanhgh
kachg`nhd : *
Laddan
]jsaghry
Orhpalru`t
Iudd`par 
Vhrsnay
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =6 thcud chg`n =1 g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd udtuk bjdtrjn
kachg`nhd ehd `do`d gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo e`c`dehr` sanhgh
kachg`nhd : *
Vat`torh`d
 

Uah traa
Orhpalru`t
Laddan
Vhtbcjun`
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =0 thcud, O=V8H6 ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd baghs gadochehp` prjsas parshn`dhd. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu
gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk kaeuh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, thkut gadochehp` prjsas parshn`dhd
khradh trhugh eadohd rjmakhd par`daug. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 33
x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855 x/gad`t. Ghsshoa hphkhc yhdo
gudok`d e`nhkukhd udtuk gadourhdo` kanuchd: *

Bjudtar prassura
Allnaurhoa ghsshoa
Var`daug ghsshoa
Adejrpc`d ghsshoa
Jks`tjs`d ghsshoa
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =8 thcud chg`n =3 g`doou eht`do ka VGM udtuk bjdtrjn kachg`nhd.
U`t`k Gar`e`hd ghdhkhc yhdo t`ehk mjnac : *
VB <
K =?
K@E =?
Rp <
B\ 8?
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =< thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` e` eharhc pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd
chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd 3 munhd, `mu gadoanuc mhehddyh paoan-paoan, ehd garhsh
t`ehk dyhghd, dyar`. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE
8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ partadohchd pusht-px, EII 855 x/gad`t. Qdtuk gadourhdo` kanuchd `mu,
 m`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd allnaurhoa ghsshoa. Ryhrht padeukudo hphkhc yhdoyhd o chrus e`g`n`k` m`ehd:
*
M`ehd chrus ranavhd
M`ehd chrus kjgpatad
M`ehd chrus tarnht`c ehd marsart`l`khs`
M`ehd gadagpuc pade`e`khd sasuh` m`ehdo `ngu
M`ehd chrus tarnht`c
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` mho`hd pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n
hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, bhpak, mhehd paoan-paoan. Chs`n
 pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ 2 ihr` e`
hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. Rhnhc shtu oarhkhd yhdo e`hihrkhd hehnhc Ojeeas pjsa, targhsuk
oarhkhd e` nht`chd `dt` mho`hd hph: *
Varaohdohd s`s` shgp`do tumuc
]astjrht`va
Rthm`n`shs`
Vars`hphd prjsas parshn`dhd
Lnjw
Rajrhdo paragpuhd marus`h =< thcud chg`n hdhk parthgh eadohd us`h kachg`nhd 23 g`doou
ehthdo ka VGM udtuk bjdtrjn kachg`nhd ehd gadehphtkhd `dljrghs` tadthdo parshn`dhd oadtna
 m`rtc. Chs`n pagar`kshhd e`ehphtkhd UE 9 8=6/36 ggCo, D 9 == x/gad`t, Najpjne @ Mjkjdo,
najpjne @@ Vudooudo, Najpjne @@@ Akstrag`ths, Najpjne @\ Kaphnh. Hphkhc kudb` nhdokhc udtuk
 parshn`dhd oadtna m`rtc : *
Hehdyh sadtuchd/manh`hd
Mjude`do tarihn`d arht
Ghgpu gadoanjnh rhsh shk`t
Bhchyh tarhdo
G`d`g paroarhkhd
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =2 thcud chg`n =2 g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd sar`do pus`do.
@dtarvads` e`mar`khd hrjghtarhp` udtuk gadourhdo` kanuchd yhdo e`hnhg`. Hphkhc Iad`s
assads`hn j`n yhdo tapht udtuk khsus e`hths : *
]jsa
Bchgjg`na
Nhvadear 
Ihsg`da
 

Ihca
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =8 thcud chg`n =0 g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd udtuk bjdtrjn
kachg`nhd ehd `do`d gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo e`c`dehr` sanhgh
kachg`nhd : *
]jsaghry
Bchgjg`na
Nagjd
Uah traa
Vhtbcjun`
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =8 thcud chg`n 2< g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd udtuk bjdtrjn

kachg`nhd ehd `do`d

sanhgh kachg`nhd : *gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo e`hdiurkhd
Byprass
Bchgjg`na
Nagjd
Marohgjt
Aubhnyptus
M`ehd Hd`k sajrhdo `dstruktur sadhg saehdo heh kao`hthd kanhs pradhthn yjoh udtuk `mu chg`n
Ur`gastar @@@. Varghshnhchd yhdo sar`do gudbun pheh `mu chg`n Ur`gastar @@@ hehnhc guehc nanhc
ehd paohn-paohn khradh parut saghk`d mashr. Rhnhc shtu oarhkhd ehnhg yjoh hehnhc sthm`n`shs`.
Hphkhc ghdlhht ehr` sthm`n`shs`: *
Gadsthm`nkhd pjstur tumuc ehnhg gagmhwh mamhd
Gadsthm`nkhd pardhphshd
Gadsthm`nkhd tagpj oarhkhd
]anhkshs` pheh jtjt
Gadihoh kanadturhd sade`-sade`
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =? thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` mho`hd pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n
hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, tarkhehdo gudbun dyar` e` eharhc
 pudooudo. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36
ggCo, ULQ 2 ihr` e` hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. M`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd ghsshoa pheh khsus
tarsamut. Ryhrht padeukudo hphkhc yhdo chrus e`g`n`k`, sac`dooh M`ehd m`sh ganhkukhd
ghsshoa: *
M`ehd chrus marpade`e`khd shrihdh
M`ehd chrus marpade`e`khd e`pnjgh
M`ehd chrus gado`kut` panht`chd ehd marsart`l`khs`
M`ehd chrus gag`n`k` katrhgp`nhd ehd kjgpatads`
M`ehd chrus gado`kut` sag`dhr 
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` mho`hd pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n
hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, bhpak, mhehd paoan-paoan. Chs`n
 pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ 2 ihr` e`
hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. Rhnhc shtu oarhkhd yhdo e`hihrkhd hehnhc Ur`hdona Vjsa. Ur`hdona
 pjsa hehnhc targhsuk oarhkhd e` nht`chd `dt` mho`hd hph: *
Vars`hphd prjsas parshn`dhd
]astjrht`va
Varaohdohd s`s` shgp`do tumuc
Rthm`n`shs`
Lnjw
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =5 thcud chg`n =5 g`doou eht`do ka VGM eadohd kanuchd sushc t`eur
sanhgh chg`n. @dtarvads` yhdo e`nhkukhd yh`tu eadohd gagmar`khd hbuprassura. Hphkhc chn chn
yhdo parnu e`parcht`khd samanug ganhkukhd p`iht hkuprasura : *
Kahehhd t`ehk nhphr 
Vjs`s` tarnadthdo
Mjnac e`nhkukhd pheh shht kadyhdo
Kahehhd Baghs
Kahehhd agjs`
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h == thcud chg`n 26 g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd udtuk bjdtrjn
kachg`nhd ehd `do`d gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo e`c`dehr` sanhgh
kachg`nhd : *
Nagjd
Iud`par 
 

Aubhnyptus
Marohgjt
Nhvadear 
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd baghs gadochehp` prjsas parshn`dhd. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu
gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, baghs, parhshhd
thkut. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 33 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo,
ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855 x/gad`t. M`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd ghsshoa udtuk ranhkshs` ehd
gadourhdo` kabaghshd. Hphkhc ]hdokh`hd t`dehkhd sanh`d ghsshoa udtuk gad`dokhtkhd
 panaphshd cjrgjda ranhkshs`: *

Gagmar`khd
Gagmar`khd sadtuchd
sadtuchd e`
e` mho`hd
mho`hd parut
nadohd
Hl`rghs` pjs`t`l 
Gagmar`khd sadtuchd ka sanuruc tumuc
Ganhkukhd pag`ihthd e` mho`hd nacar ehd kaphnh
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` mho`hd pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n
hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, bhpak, mhehd paoan-paoan. Chs`n
 pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ 2 ihr` e`
hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. Rhnhc shtu oarhkhd yhdo e`hihrkhd hehnhc Bc`ne Vjsa/Gant`do cahrt
 pjsa, targhsuk oarhkhd e` nht`chd `dt` mho`hd hph: *
Lnjw
Rthm`n`shs`
]astjrht`va
Varaohdohd s`s` shgp`do tumuc
Vars`hphd prjsas parshn`dhd
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur 26 thcud, O=V8H6 ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd baghs gadochehp` prjsas parshn`dhd. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu
gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk kaeuh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, thkut gadochehp` prjsas parshn`dhd
khradh trhugh eadohd rjmakhd par`daug. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 33
x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855 x/gad`t. M`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd
ghsshoa udtuk gad`dokhtkhd anhst`s`ths jtjt par`daug. Kjdtrh `de`khs` e`nhkukhd p`iht
 par`daug… *
]`whyht kachg`nhd
Uagpht pag`ihthd
KK pabhc
Uarhp`s yhdo tarnht`c
Qs`h kachg`nhd
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =3 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k gadoanuc mhehd paoan-paoan.
Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadohthkhd chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd 3 munhd, `mu garhsh guehc
nanhc ehd tarkhehdo gudbun dyar` e` eharhc pudooudo. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 83
x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ partadohchd pusht-px, EII 855 x/gad`t.
M`ehd gadyhrhdkhd udtuk `kut kanhs pradhthn yjoh. Hphkhc shnhc shtu ghdlhht ehr` pradhthn
yjoh: *
Gagparbapht parshn`dhd
Gadb`pthkhd `khthd mht`d `mu-mhy`
Mhehd sacht
Gagparbapht kjdtrhks`
Ihd`d nam`c hkt`l 
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h == thcud chg`n == g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd udtuk bjdtrjn
kachg`nhd ehd `do`d gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo hdiurkhd sanhgh
kachg`nhd : *
Aubhnyptus
Mhs`n
Bnjva
]jsaghrry
B`ddhgjd
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =5 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd guehc nanhc. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk
 parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, ehd paoan-paoan pudooudodyh. Chs`n
 pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 33 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 06/<6 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo`
 px, EII 855 x/gad`t. Ucarhpy hph yhdo t`ehk e`shrhdkhd udtuk phs`ad tarsamut : *
 

Ucarhpy h`r chdoht

Allnaurhoa ghsshoa
Rwae`sc ghsshoa
Var`daug ghsshoa
Adejrpc`d ghsshoa
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =? thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` mho`hd pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n
hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, bhpak, mhehd paoan-paoan. Chs`n
 pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ 2 ihr` e`
hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. Axarb`sa hphkhc yhdo e`shrhdkhd udtuk gadourhdo` kanuchd: *

Vradhthn Pjoh
Allnaurhoa ghsshoa
Bjudtar prassura
Mje`gakhd`k 
Kaoan
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =< thcud chg`n == g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd udtuk bjdtrjn
kachg`nhd ehd `do`d gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo hdiurkhd sanhgh
kachg`nhd : *
Bnjva
Aubhnyptus
Laddan
Nagjdorhss
B`ddhgjd
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =? thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` mho`hd pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n
hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, bhpak, mhehd paoan-paoan. Chs`n
 pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ 2 ihr` e`
hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. Oarhkhd hphkhc yhdo tapht udtuk gadohkc`r` sas` yjoh: *
Rhvhdh
Badtar`do
Vaghdhshd
Nht`chd `dt`
Varaohdohd
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =5 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd garhsh baghs eadohd kachg`nhddyh. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu
gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, `mu gadoanuc bapht nanhc, tarkhehdo
gudbun dyar` ehd garhsh baghs ehd dyhghd. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 35
x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo` px, EII 855 x/gad`t. M`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd
ghsshoa udtuk ranhkshs` ehd gadourhdo` kabaghshd. Mhoh`ghdh pjs`s` yhdo dyhghd udtuk
 prjsas ghsshoa: *
Eueuk 
Eueuk marshdehr 
Marmhr`do g`r`do
Marmhr`do tarnadthdo
Uadokurhp
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur 2= thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd guehc nanhc. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk
 parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd 0 munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, ehd paoan-paoan tumucdyh. Chs`n
 pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 33 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ sat`doo`
 px, EII 855 x/gad`t. Mho`hd tumuc ghdhkhc yhdo t`ehk mjnac e`nhkukhd pag`ihthd: *
Vudooudo
Mhcu
Nadohd
V`doohdo
Khk`
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =1 thcud chg`n 2= g`doou eht`do ka VGM eadohd kanuchd khku pheh
 mho`hd nacar ehd mhcu. @dtarvads` yhdo e`nhkukhd eadohd gagmar`khd hkuprasura. U`t`k
Gar`e`hd ghdhkhc udtu gadourhdo` kanuchd tarsamut : *
O\ =5.1
OM 8=
VB <
OM =6
 

B\ 8?
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =6 thcud chg`n =< g`doou eht`do ka VGM eadohd shk`t kaphnh.
@dtarvads` yhdo e`nhkukhd eadohd gagmar`khd hkuprasura. U`t`k Gar`e`hd ghdhkhc udtu
gadourhdo` kanuchd : *
O\ =5.1
VB <
OM =6
B\ 8?
OM 8=
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h == thcud chg`n =1 g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd udtuk bjdtrjn

kachg`nhd ehd `do`d

sanhgh kachg`nhd : *gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo hdiurkhd`
B`ddhgjd
Byprass
Nagjd
Ucyga
Bnhry shoa
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur 2= thcud, O=V8H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd guehc nanhc. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk kaeuh,
us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, gadoanuc mhehddyh paoan-paoan, guehc nanhc ehd garhsh t`ehk dyhghd.
Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 83 x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ
 partadohchd 2 ihr` e` hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. M`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd Rwae`sc ghsshoa.
Mhoh`ghdh takcd`k Rwae`sc ghsshoa: *
Uakd`k ghsshoa udtuk gadochdthrkhd phdhs yhdo bapht
Uakd`k pag`ihthd udtuk gagparbapht kjdtrhks`
Uakd`k udtuk gadohtur pardhphshd
Uakd`k eadohd sadtuchd nagmut udtuk gadoadeurkhd jtjt
Uakd`k ghsshoa udtuk anhst`s`ths
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` mho`hd pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n
hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, bhpak, mhehd paoan-paoan. Chs`n
 pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ 2 ihr` e`
hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. Oarhkhd hphkhc yhdo tapht udtuk gadohtur pardhphshd: *
Rhvhshdh
Badtar`do
Vaghdhshd
Nht`chd `dt`
Vrhdhyhgh
Rajrhdo paragpuhd us`h =5 thcud chg`n =0 g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd udtuk bjdtrjn
kachg`nhd ehd `do`d gadooudhkhd hrjghtarhp`. Hphkhc iad`s hrjghtarhp` yhdo hdiurkhd sanhgh
kachg`nhd : *
Laddan
B`ddhgjd
Bnjva
Nagjdorhss
Nagjd
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur 2= thcud, O=V8H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd guehc nanhc. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n hdhk kaeuh,
us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, bhpak, mhehd paoan-paoan. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ
 mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQ 2 ihr` e` hths pusht, EII
855 x/gad`t. Axarb`sa yhdo e`mar`khd udtuk
ud tuk gagparehnhg khphs`ths pardhphshd, ganht`c
kasa`gmhdohd tumuc, gad`dokhtkhd sthg`dh. Oarhkhd hphkhc yhdo e`shrhdkhd: *
Muttarlny pjsa
Bht pjsa
_hrr`jr pjsa
Bc`ne pjsa
Rhvhdh
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =? thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` mho`hd pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n
hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, tarkhehdo gudbun dyar` e` eharhc
 pudooudo. Chs`n pagar`kshhd KQ mh`k, BG, V 8? x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt, R 2<,1jB, UE 8=6/36
ggCo, ULQ 2 ihr` e` hths pusht, EII 855 x/gad`t. M`ehd hkhd ganhkukhd ghsshoa udtuk
 

gadourhdo` dyar` pudooudo. Gunh` us`h kachg`nhd marhphkhc m`sh e`nhkukhd ghsshoa tarsamut:
*
=6 g`doou ka hths
56 g`doou
2<-56 g`doou
2< g`doou ka hths
8= g`doou
Rajrhdo paragpuhd ugur =1 thcud, O8V6H6, ehthdo ka kn`d`k udtuk gagar`kshkhd
kachg`nhddyh, eadohd kanuchd dyar` mho`hd pudooudo. Chs`n hdhgdas`s `mu gadyhthkhd chg`n
hdhk parthgh, us`h kachg`nhd ? munhd, garhsh guehc nanhc, bhpak, mhehd paoan-paoan. Chs`n

 pagar`kshhd KQ
hths pusht, EII mh`k,
855 BG, V@mu
x/gad`t. 8?e`shrhdkhd
x/gdt, D 35 x/gdt,
udtuk R 2<,1jB,
gado`kut` UEpradhthn
kanhs 8=6/36 ggCo, ULQe`hwhn`
yjoh. kanhs 2 ihr` e`
eadohd pasarth ganhkukhd pagushthd p`k`rhd. Ras` pagushthd p`k`rhd e`samut iuoh eadohd hph:
*
Rhvhdh
Varaohdohd
Nht`chd `dt`
Badtar`do
Vaghdhshd
Rajrhdo paragpuhd marus`h =2 thcud O8V6H6 chg`n =3 g`doou ganhkukhd c`pdjtarhp` eadohd
ganhkukhd kjgud`khs` eadohd ihd`d. @mu gagmhyhdokhd mhcwh dhlhs `mu gadooarhkkhd
eadohd parnhchd ihd`d e` phdokuhd. Uhchphd kamarhph yhdo e`nhkukhd `mu : *
Nhdokhc 0
Nhdokhc 86
Nhdokhc <
Nhdokhc 3
Nhdokhc ?
Rajrhdo paragpuhd marus`h =0 thcud O8V6H6 chg`n 26 g`doou ehthdo ka VGM eadohd kanuchd
garhshkhd dyar` pheh mho`hd pudooudo mhwhcdyh. Chs`n `dtarvads` e`mar`khd kjdsan`do tadthdo
dyar` yhdo garuphkhd padohnhghd yhdo t`ehk gadyadhdokhd mh`k sabhrh sadsjr` ghupud
agjs`jdhn yhdo marcumudohd eadohd r`s`kj karushkhd ihr`dohd tumuc. R`hphkhc yhdo
gadoagukhkhd eal`d`s` Dyar` tarsamut : *
Ujurdh`ra
Varry
Vjttar 
Lrhdz Hdtjd
E`bk ]ahe