NMAT Specific

Directions for questions 1 and 2: Each question given below consists of a statement followed by two
conclusions numbered I and II. Mark [A]: Only conclusion I follows, Mark [B]: Only conclusion II follows,
Mark [C]: Either I or II follows, Mark [D]: Neither I nor II follows, Mark [E]: Both I and II follow.

1. Statement:
Neena Singh has to live with 14 hour power cuts because the government is diverting power to the water-
starved farm sector.
Conclusions:
I. Neena Singh does not belong to the farm sector.
II. The government is unable to ensure sufficient supply of power to match the demand.

2. Statement:
“Had I been asked to choose a portfolio, I would have probably chosen the ministry of environment and
forest”, the Home Minister.
Conclusions:
I. It is easier to handle the environment and forest portfolio rather than the home ministry.
II. The person did not become a home minister by choice.

Directions for questions 3 to 6: Each question given below consists of a statement followed by two conclusions
numbered I and II. Mark [A]: if only conclusion I follows, Mark [B]: if only conclusion II follows, Mark [C]:
if either I or II follows, Mark [D]: if nether I nor II follows, Mark [E]: if both I and II follow.

3. Statements:
All Vapour is water.
All Water is cold.
Some Vapour is hot.
Conclusions:
I. All hot is water.
II. All water is hot .

4. Statements:
All Vapour is water.
All Water is cold.
Some Vapour is h ot.
Conclusions:
I. At least some hot are cold.
II. All Vapour are cold.

5. Statements:
No blue is white.
All whites are blacks.
All blacks are oranges.
Conclusions:
I. At least some blues are blacks.
II. At least some oranges are whit es.

1 NMAT Specific
6. Statements:
No blue is white.
All whites are blac ks.
All blacks are oran ges.
Conclusions:
I. No blue is orange.
II. All whites are orange.

Directions for questions 7 to 12: Each question below is followed by two arguments numbered I and II. You
have to decide which of the arguments is a „strong‟ argument and which is a „weak‟ argument. Mark [A]: if
only I is a strong argument, Mark [B]: if only II is a strong argument, Mark [C]: if either I or II is a strong
argument, Mark [D]: if neither I nor II is a strong argument, Mark [E]: if both I and II are strong arguments.

7. Statement:
Should more dams be built across all rivers to improve irrigation?
Arguments:
I. Yes, still there are many villages where villagers walk miles to fetch potable water.
II. No, irrigation is not the only problem that agriculture is facing.

8. Statement:
Should the management of every school be handed over to the army?
Arguments:
I. Yes, all the existing army schools are performing much better than the other schools.
II. No, the army is finding it difficult to manage the existing army schools, it cannot take m ore load.

9. Statement:
Should India encourage exports, when most things are insufficient for internal use itself?
Arguments:
I. Yes. We have to earn foreign exchange to pay for our imports.
II. No. Even selective encouragement would lead to shortages.

10. Statement:
Should all the drugs patented and manufactured in Western countries be first tried out on sample basis
before giving licence for sale to general public in India?
Arguments:
I. Yes. Many such drugs require different doses and duration for Indian population and hence it is
necessary.
II. No. This is just not feasible and hence cannot be implemented.

11. Statement:
Should India make efforts to harness solar energy to fulfil its energy requirements?
Arguments:
I. Yes, Most of the energy sources used at present is exhaustible.
II. No. Harnessing solar energy requires a lot of capital, which India lacks in.

12. Statement:
Should there be students union in college/university?
Arguments:
I. No. This will create a political atmosphere in the campus.
II. Yes, it is very necessary Students are future political leaders.

2 NMAT Specific
Directions for questions 13 to 15: In each question below a statement is given followed by assumptions
numbered I and II. You are required to assess the two assumptions and decide which of the given assumptions
is/are implicit. Mark [A]: If only assumption I is implicit, Mark [B]: If only assumption II is implicit, Mark
[C]: If either I or II is implicit, Mark [D]: If neither I nor II is implicit, Mark [E]: If both the statements are
implicit.

13. Statement:
The director of the Metro Rail Project said at a press conference, “Metro Rail project details can‟t be
made public even under the RTI Act.”
Assumptions:
I. People would not ask the details of the project.
II. The RTI Act can be violated under exceptional circumstances.

14. Statement:
"You are hereby appointed as a programmer with a probation period of one year and your performance
will be reviewed at the end of the period for confirmation." - A line in an appointment letter.
Assumptions:
I. The performance of an individual generally is not known at the time of appointment offer.
II. Generally an individual tries to prove his worth in the probation period.

15. Statement:
Bollywood should look to other markets for more revenues.
Assumptions:
I. Bollywood can make more money from other markets.
II. Bollywood is not getting the expected revenue from the existing market.

Directions for questions 16 and 17: In each question below an assertion is followed by two reasons numbered
RI and RII. Apply reasons to the assertion and mark your answers as [A]: if only RI and not RII is a possible
reason for the “Assertion”, mark [B]: if only RII and not RI is a possible reason for the “Assertion”, mark [C]:
if either RI or RII is a possible reason for the “Assertion”, mark [D]: if neither RI nor RII can be a possible
reason for the “Assertion”, mark [E]: if both RI and RII are possible reasons for the “Assertion”

16. Assertion:
Thirty four Myanmarese rebels are lodged in Indian jail for the last 12 years.
Reasons:
RI. The rebels can influence the legal process in Myanmar, if they are in Myanmarese jails.
RII. There are no jails in Myanmar.

17. Assertion:
XYZ ltd has appointed a new director for the company.
Reasons:
RI. The previous director was found to be inefficient.
RII. The previous director has left the company.

Direction for question 18 to 21: Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word given
in the question.
18. Sedition
A] Equanimity B] Depression C] Violence D] Agitation
E] Accusation

19. Libel
A] Cold War B] Calumny C] Responsible D] Stamp
E] Euphony

3 NMAT Specific
20. Parochial
A] Cynical B] Narrow-minded
C] Broad-minded D] Optimistic
E] Arrogant

21. Sedation
A] Composure B] Intemperance C] Severity D] Indulgence
E] Outrageousness

22. The process of developmental planning in India is greatly dominated by the experts and the technocrats.
But it was not always so. Among the initial stalwarts in the Indian planning process there were only a
handful of economists. It was their political conviction and their reconceived political pattern of creating
an economy and a society which gave them the specific stability in the path of development.
Under the leadership of Indira Gandhi there was some change in the scenario and the reflection of
electoral manifesto of the Congress Party was continually enhanced in the plans.
Inference: If an economic system is to be enriched then it must be given shape only by the politicians
because they understand the thoughts and aspirations of the people.
A] If the inference is definitely true, i.e. it properly follows from in the statements of facts given.
B] If the inference is probably true, though not definitely true, in the light of statements of facts
given.
C] If the inference is uncertain i.e. data is insufficient to decide whether the inference is true or false
D] If the inference is probably false, though not definitely false, in the light of statements of facts
given.
E] If the inference is definitely false, i.e. it cannot possible be from the statements of facts given.

23. The central government has appealed to all taxpayers to pay tax before the deadline i.e.13 December, as
the tax amount helps to increase budget allocation to states.
Which of the following is an assumption implicit in the above statement?
A] Tax payers will ignore the appeal and they won't pay tax.
B] Tax payers may create forged documents for tax exemption, if the time to pay tax is extended.
C] The central government will pressurise state governments to collect tax.
D] Taxpayers may positively respond to the central government's appeal.
E] The government will not be able to increase budgetary allocation to any state if the tax is not paid
on time.

24. The Cinema Chamber Association (CCA) of a particular state instructed all the member directors and
producers to employee 80% of the workforce from the state to provide employment to local people.
Which of the following, if true, can render the instructions inoperable?
A] Senior directors from the state, who are not the members of the association, have stopped hiring
more than 20% from other states.
B] Some of the member directors and producers have surplus manpower.
C] The number of non-member directors and producers is more than the number of member directors
and producers.
D] Directors and producers may incur huge losses by hiring not more than 20% from other states as
there are not many skilled workers among the local work force.
E] None of these

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25. Most of the Banks, from public as well as private sectors, want to build up young work force (18 to 25
years age group) through massive recruitment drive in the next couple of years.
Which of the following can be a probable cause for the recruitment drive?
A] Very few existing employees have professional qualifications in finance.
B] Banks have not hired anyone in the last 10 years resulting in more employees of older generation
among the workforce.
C] Banks have now decided to hire even persons with 10+2 qualification.
D] A large number of bank employees are going to retire in the next five years.
E] None of these

26. There has been considerable increase in the number of mobile phone users in India in the past couple of
years as compared to the increase during the previous couple of years.
Which of the following is a probable cause for the above phenomenon?
A. Cost of mobile phones decreased drastically due to intense competition among the manufacturers
of mobile phones.
B. The purchasing power of the individuals increased considerably in the past five years.
C. Mobile phones enable instantaneous dissemination of information, which is growingly become a
crucial part of both professional and personal life since the last couple of years.
A] Only A B] Only A and B
C] Only C D] Only A and C
E] None of them

27. Dr. Romero‟s three-volume book „The Science of all Sciences‟ gives a compre-hensive account of the
three most common fields- Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. While all the three volumes make use of
informative pictorial aids and experiments, many sections focus completely on Dr. Romero‟s theories
related to these fields rather than focusing on facts. Therefore, technically, the book cannot be called a
science book.
Which of the following is an assumption that supports drawing the conclusion above from the reason
given for that conclusion?
A] Some science books deal exclusively with facts.
B] Different scientists give different degrees of importance to facts and theories in describing
sciences.
C] Science as a subject is only concerned with facts, not the theories expounded by the presenter of
facts.
D] Scientists should, in the beginning of their works, very explicitly state the theoretical framework
with which they write.
E] Most books on science include informative pictorial aids and experiments.

28. Cinema is no longer the dominant popular cultural medium that it used to be because nowadays people
just prefer to Netflix. This group mostly includes college students who don‟t have the time to actually buy
tickets and go to a cinema. Moreover, the dramatic quality of contemporary TV is far superior to the
average Hollywood blockbuster.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument?
A] Most college students don‟t really watch TV for superior dramatic quality as they use it to unwind
via sitcoms et al.
B] College students are not the most sizeable chunk of the cultural crowd, or the most influential.
C] While Netflix gives access to a greater diversity of content as opposed to physical theatres, most
people don‟t use it to stream movies anyway.
D] Dominance of a medium cannot be judged by numbers because what‟s dominant for one might
not be dominant for another.
E] Hollywood blockbusters are still funded by far bigger studios than any TV show on Netflix is.

5 NMAT Specific
29. At any given historical moment, the power to define what is the Other rests with the Self, for putting
down the Other is often essential to the propping up of the Self. The superiority of the white race, for
example, rests on defining the black race as inferior.
Which of the following can be concluded from the given statements?
A] The root cause of social oppression may be the creation of the Other.
B] No ethnic group can be considered „naturally‟ superior to others.
C] The definition of Madness will also rest on who is Sane and therefore gets to define who is Mad.
D] Emancipation should start by questioning the Self-Other distinction.
E] The Self-Other distinction is created to maintain the inferiority of the Self.

30. A smoker's (poor) choice should not affect the health of others. Secondhand cigarette smoke contains
hundreds of toxic chemicals including arsenic ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, benzene,and
vinyl chloride. It is known to cause cancer, coronary heart diseases, and respiratory problems.There is no
risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke. So, smoking should be banned in public places.
The argument above assumes which of the following?
A] Other factors such as environment pollution, burning firewood, etc. are not responsible for
causingcancer and respiratory problems.
B] Smokers are not aware of the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.
C] Smokers do not avoid smoking in a public place.
D] Smokers are fined on smoking in public.
E] Passive smokers do not have the choice or option to avoid exposure to secondhand smoke.

31. Universities must increase diversity, by any means necessary. Due to constant discrimination of
minorities throughout history, certain people were not given the same advantages as others. Therefore,it is
only fair that minorities are given advantages now, so that the playing field can be leveled. The
universities should use discrimination in that direction, if the need be. Increasing diversity will enrich the
universities too.
Which of the following, if true, weakens the argument above?
A] Schools should choose students based solely on their grades, test scores, and applications,because
basing it on ethnicity, race, or gender is wrong.
B] Rather than change the rules to rectify a perceived injustice, universities should create
admissionpolicies that are neutral, giving everyone the same chance to gain admission.
C] Not having a meritocracy is one of the key failings of the 21st century society.
D] Though considered negative, discrimination at times becomes necessary.
E] E Any sort of discrimination is negative, and should not be considered as a method to increase
diversity in universities.

32. No concrete justification has ever been presented for the claim that the right for homosexuals to marry
would affect straight marriage negatively. Instead, this claim seems to be a cover for the religious and/or
moral belief that gay marriage is wrong. One would think that individuals who oppose gay marriageon
those grounds would ensure that their own children are brought up to believe in straight marriage and that
therefore the existence of gay marriage would have no effect on them. On the other hand, heterosexual
individuals who support gay marriage clearly think it presents no problem to their own marriages.
Which of the following, if true, strengthens the argument above?
A] With a divorce rate of 50%, celebrities divorcing and getting married four or more times, it's clear
that our society, as a whole, places misplaced importance on the meaning of marriage.
B] Blacks have been given their rights, women have been given their rights, and deaf and mentally
challenged people are not now seen as "mentally insane" or "animals", it is about time
homosexuals are given the right to marry.
C] The right for homosexuals to marry would not affect straight marriages because it wouldn't
change anything having to do with straight marriage at all.

6 NMAT Specific
 D] Gay marriage, if anything, confirms the commitment value of marriage by providing an example
of people who want to get married by choice and even if they have to overcome roadblocks.
E] Gay marriage is healthy because they create an environment where people are no longer bullied
because of their sexuality.

33. Because of the complexity and perfection of life and the Universe it makes sense that it would have been
designed by an intelligent designer. An intelligent designer would take great care to make certain that
their invention or creation worked perfectly and looked very nice as well. These things are both so
abundantly evident in the natural world that one can easily assign scientific validity to the possibility of
intelligent design. Whether or not there will ever be scientific proof of that being is another question
entirely.
Which of the following, if true, weakens the argument above?
A] No testable scientific proof has been shown that intelligent design is a viable theory.
B] The theory of intelligent design has no basis in fact, and no testable method of proof, therefore it
is not a valid theory.
C] It is the work of an intelligent design that is responsible for all beauty that exists.
D] While living organisms are marvelous, science has not found any indication of deliberate design
in their structures and functions.
E] Ability and aesthetics are results of natural selection in genetic makeup of organisms as disability
and ugliness are results of malfunction in this process of natural selection.

34. In general, modern medicine is a better option compared to traditional medicine. Modern medicine tends
to be much more rigorously tested than more traditional types of medicine. But blanket statements do not
really work here. Tylenol works better than herbal tea for pain, but does acupuncture work better than
Tylenol?
That is something the patient alone can decide as they navigate their health care options.
Which of the following, if true, weakens the argument that modern medicine is a better option compared
to traditional medicine?
A] Traditional medicines do not have any side effects compared to modern medicines, all of which
have well documented and sometimes dangerous side effects.
B] Modern medicine is great, but we look too far into modern medicines for help.
C] Recently there has been an onslaught of class action law suits won by consumers against modern
drug manufacturers, because of side effects and negative effects of a modern medicine.
D] Traditional medicine is around for centuries and that surely is the biggest test of all.
E] The scientific basis of modern medicine is why many diseases that were deadly in the past have
now become commonplace to treat

35. One shouldn't choose one's children's future; it is their choice. As a parent, we raise our children to a set
of values and morals. There comes a certain age when those values and morals will be acted upon by our
children. The decisions they make are based on the way they were raised, and one should not force
children to make the decision which we want them to make. They are individuals with their own mind
and thought processes. The child knows what makes him happy or unhappy.
Which of the following, if true, weakens the argument above?
A] Forcing children to take a certain path is always a way to parent, yet it leaves the child up for
some serious rebellion.
B] Parents are equipped with life experience and have the child's best interests at heart; this enables
them to make good decisions for their children.
C] Children need guidance to understand the complexities involved in deciding a future path.
D] If children have been raised right, they will generally make a smart, educated, well-informed
decision about their future.
E] There are several reasons why a child is lost to the world and how parents cause it to without
even trying.

7 NMAT Specific
36. Animals should not be experimented on. Animals have feelings just like humans, and most humans would
not agree to allow experimentation on themselves. Animals can feel pain like humans, and they should
not be subject to pain just so that people can profit.
Which of the following, if true, weakens the argument above?
A] If an entire disease can be eliminated by testing on animals, then the end results justify the
experimentation on animals.
B] Experimenting on animals is often the best option to accurately test new medicines and
treatments.
C] Ethics are manmade code of conduct and man should be able to modify them.
D] The same clinical trials are also conducted on humans to validate the initial findings.
E] Experimenting on the animals is the gravest sin that men can do.

37. Parents should have the right to know of a child‟s pregnancy or abortion because they are ultimately
responsible for their child‟s care until she is eighteen. With the exception of a few circumstances, parents
are responsible for their children‟s mental and physical health until they are adults. A child should not be
allowed to make such a huge and potentially damaging decision about her health without the parents
knowledge.
Which of the following weakens the argument above?
A] The parents deserve to know of their child‟s pregnancy because they will step up and deal with
the pregnancy more rationally than their child.
B] If told, parents may react very negatively to a daughter‟s pregnancy and reject her at such a
critical phase in her life, adding to her mental stress and forcing her to terminate the pregnancy.
C] If the child cannot relate to the parents enough to tell them, there is most probably a reason, aside
from fear of disapproval for it.
D] Abortion is a dangerous procedure that is potentially life threatening, and should not be
performed on an underage minor, without the consent of a parent.
E] The girl, regardless of age, is the only person who has the right to decide whether or not to
continue with the pregnancy.

38. In Kolkata 20% people are rich, 30% are poor and 50% belong to the middle class. Beauty Cosmetics are
prepared and sold to the rich people in higher price. It became a raging hit. But because of its high pricing
the middle class and the poor class couldn‟t afford it .Recently, sales growth has suffered stagnation with
the rich class. Which of the following is the best option for Beauty Cosmetics to enhance long term
profits?
A] Sell the same products at lower prices to middle and poor classes.
B] Sell its products under different brand names to middle and poor classes.
C] Sell similar products, of different quality standards with different brand names, to middle classes
and poor classes.
D] Continue to target rich only and hope that today‟s middle class would be tomorrow‟s rich class.
E] Target middle class as it is the largest segment and forget about the rich.

39. Parkinson‟s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects a number of different cell types in the
central nervous system. In 2006, Parkinson‟s disease accounted for 20% of deaths due to “Diseases of the
nervous system” and 0.7% of all registered deaths in Australia. Since first described by James Parkinson
in 1817 the underlying causes of Parkinson‟s disease have been the subject of much speculation. The best
described symptoms of the disease, which include dif�culty initiating movement, stiffness of movement
and a shaking tremor, result from the death of a small population of nerve cells (neurons) that lie in the
midbrain. These neurons use a chemical transmitter called dopamine to communicate with distant centres
of the brain, enabling the smooth and coordinated regulation of movement that we take for granted.
Which of the given options can be concluded from the above paragraph?
A] As Parkinson‟s disease progresses, the amount of dopamine produced in the brain decreases,
leaving a person unable to control movement normally.
B] The intestines also have dopamine cells that degenerate in Parkinson‟s disease.

8 NMAT Specific
C] Postural instability or impaired balance and coordination are symptoms of Parkinson‟s disease.
D] Dopamine is a chemical that inhibits the relaying of messages between the centre of the brain and
the other parts of the brain.
E] Currently, there is no cure for Parkinson‟s disease.

9 NMAT Specific
40. A new application of an existing medical imaging technology could help predict long-term damage in
patients with traumatic brain injury, according to a recent UCSF study.
Which of the following strengthens the above argument?
A] Brain injury which is fatal in nature can be cured by this method.
B] The imaging technology can be used to detect all forms of existing nervous diseases, since it is
linked to the brain.
C] Patients with traumatic brain injury must have got the amount of damage predicted via this
machine.
D] Patients detected with traumatic brain injury can take precautions beforehand once they get to
know the amount the damage.
E] People will now not die of brain injury.

41. Xerxes is a famous boxer whose performance affects the financial status of the company that represents
him. Three days ago Xerxes reached for the final with bruises and a black eye. Clearly, he had been in a
fight. However, he had also missed most of his practice sessions in the week before. His boss is mulling
over the option of firing him.
Which of the following is the correct thing for his boss to do?
A] Xerxes has been a great performer. Hence, the boss should just ignore this one deviation.
B] Nobody should be above rules. Xerxes must be punished accordingly.
C] Xerxes must be warned of his behaviour and counselled.
D] Xerxes must be sent for an anager management course to overcome his deficiency.
E] All boxers must be cautious to avoid any kind of altercation outside the ring.

42. You are getting late for a meeting. Your Uber driver arrived late and was also very rude to you. The
meeting is very crucial as it entails a big deal for your company‟s profit in the upcoming year.
What would be the most practical thing to do in this situation?
A] Just ignore his behaviour and focus on arriving at the meeting.
B] Send a text message to your colleagues at the meeting that you are late and book another cab.
C] Complain about the Uber driver after taking the cab and arriving at the meeting.
D] Never compromise with your dignity. Don‟t take the cab.
E] The meeting is of paramount importance. So is your dignity. Send your subordinate to the
meeting.

43. In one study, nearly 150 employees of XYZ Corporation took part in a curriculum designed to boost their
exercising habit. Some of these employees also took a program on following a healthy diet. The
researchers found that employees who took the diet program were more likely to use the of�ce gym as
compared to those who didn‟t take part in the diet program. Thus, exercising without dieting is
meaningless.
Which of the following best mitigates the validity of the above argument?
A] A generic conclusion about someone‟s exercise regime cannot be drawn on the basis of any
study.
B] The people who took part in the research already had proper dieting habit even before the study
was conducted.
C] 150 employees is a very small sample size to carry out a study.
D] The study doesn‟t consider the eating habits of the remaining 200 employees of the organization.
E] Employers have increasingly become interested in workplace wellness programs to improve
employee health.

44. Recently a dog came inside the runaway of an airport and the flight had to be rescheduled. The incident
has become funny and gone viral. Birds frequently fly into aeroplane screens. The hazard caused by birds
flying into aeroplanes while it prepares to take off is a sign that our environment is completely haywire.
Which of the following strengthens the argument?
A] Heavy radiation and air pollution has forced a different path for bird flight.

10 NMAT Specific
 B] Due to rainfall, birds often leave the higher skies and come down.
C] The warm sun often distracts flight courses and forces them downwards.
D] Limited source of water resources has forced birds to travel towards city households.
E] The migration of birds is a sign that all is not well within our planet.

45. The incident regarding Riddley being late is something which circumstances plotted against him. Usually
early to arrive, Riddley entered the office premises 45 minutes past the regulated time. Unfortunately for
him, he had confided in his colleague that he would attend a housewarming party yesterday. As news
spread of his late arrival, he was vehemently shamed by the authorities for arriving at office from a party.
It was later circulated that such activities will not be tolerated henceforth.
Which of the following strengthens the argument against coming to office straight from a party?
A] Riddley was unabashedly drunk and was a nuisance to his colleagues.
B] Such activities if tolerated will decrease efficiency, since not everyone is equally capable of
balancing the two.
C] Private and professional life if mixed is a sure recipe for unmitigated disaster.
D] The circular is necessary since not only did it debar from further escalation of such activities, but
indirectly also stamps out the possibilities of unnecessary office gossip.
E] This will curb people from coming late henceforth.

46. The logic behind the UNDHR and human rights as a whole is the idea that random and uncontrollable
criteria such as birthplace should not impact on the most fundamental tenets of humanity: the right to life
and the dignity all human beings deserve. This comes from a "veil of ignorance" where all people,
unknowing of whom they will be or where they will be born, would morally choose to have their rights
protected by external forces if their state was incapable or unwilling to do this. This objective moral
viewpoint sets the standard of "moral imperative" and obligates the international community to act to
protect human rights by any means necessary. The difference in rights people deserve to have are
therefore not in any way morally justifiable by the country they happen to be born in, and commitment to
human should not change by the crossing of borders.
Which of the following statements is the author least likely to agree with?
A] Military intervention inevitably leads to further casualties and loss of civilian life.
B] We have a moral obligation to protect the human rights of all individuals by any means necessary
to uphold our moral integrity and fulfill our obligation as humankind.
C] The use of force by foreign agents fragments conflicts which perpetuates war.
D] Sending a strong message that the international community can and will intervene in the cases of
human rights abuses deters them from committing human rights abuses for fear of military defeat
from abroad.
E] The imposition of one state's conception of what rights should or should not be protected is in no
way morally justifiable or universally applicable.

47. A prestigious golf association hosts a special tournament every year over the Labor Day weekend. It
accepts into the tournament only those golfers who pay the entry fee by June 1 and who have won a major
tournament during the previous calendar year. Fred Smith, a successful professional golfer for many
years, paid the entry fee by June 1 to be in the Labor Day tournament. The golf association accepted
Smith to play in the tournament.
Which one of the following conclusions flows logically from the paragraph?
A] Smith won a major golf tournament the previous calendar year.
B] Smith has played in the Labor Day tournament in previous years.
C] Smith is well know for his professional golfing career.
D] The golf association asked Smith to enter the tournament.
E] Television coverage of the Labor Day tournament will focus on Smith‟s participation.

48. The first African slaves were brought to the Americas in the early 1600s, where their labor was used
primarily for agricultural and household purposes. The institution of slavery in the New World

11 NMAT Specific
 presupposes not only the existence of slaves and owners, but also a system of laws in place which
recognized and protected the practice of slavery. However, laws were not enacted, for example, declaring
slaves the personal property of their owners and imposing punishments upon those who aided slaves in
escape, until many years later.
If the sentences in the passage above are true, then they support which one of the following statements?
A] Arguing that laws needed to be enacted recognizing and protecting the institution of slavery
before the practice of slavery could have existed in the New World is to ignore historical fact.
B] Prior to 1700, some of the Europeans who came to the New World enslaved native Indian
populations.
C] Slavery was practiced in many parts of the world before Africans were first brought to the New
World as slaves.
D] The prior existence of a supportive legal system is needed before an institutional practice can
develop.
E] One of the reasons slavery developed in the New World was the tremendous need for manual
labor.

49. The extremely high cost of running a world class zoo is limiting what animals are seen by the public. A
few, very wealthy families now determine what animals can be acquired and seen. Zoo administrators
should choose what animals are displayed. If we reduce the budget so that the zoo is supported only by
ticket sales and gift shop receipts, the public will see less exotic animals.
Which statement below, if true, would weaken the argument?
A] The combination of ticket sales and gift shop receipts cannot match the amount of money donated
by wealthy families.
B] Wealthy families will stop supporting the zoo if they are denied all control over how their money
is used.
C] Without the support of wealthy families, the zoo cannot afford to produce any new exhibits and
will have to sell some animals.
D] Some zoos have active breeding programs and literally “grow their own” animals.
E] Some people go to the zoo regularly—not to see specific animals or new exhibits.

50. On several Native American reservations, comparisons of buffalo herds versus domesticated cattle herds
have shown that the buffalo herds are far superior meat producers. In addition, native tribes use every part
of the buffalo as they did before wild buffalo were almost destroyed on this continent. Therefore,
domesticated cattle herds should be replaced with buffalo herds as soon as possible.
Each of the following, if true, would weaken the argument EXCEPT:
A] Only Native American tribes use part of the buffalo other than the meat.
B] Not everyone likes the taste of buffalo as much as they like the taste of regular beef.
C] Cattle ranchers may not know how to raise buffalo.
D] Professional chefs need time to develop meals that include buffalo.
E] Cattle ranches may not have the type of grazing land required for buffalo.

12 NMAT Specific