Calendars Tee and In this chapter, you will: * Learn concepts of calendars like > Leap and noneap years > Odd days ‘+ Learn how to calculate the number of odd days when two dates are given + Learn how to find the day of the week when a date is given ‘+ Learn how to find the day of the week when two reference dates are given ‘Management Entrance Tests (OMETS) such as SNAP, XAT, IFT, MH-CET, MAT, etc. C1CALENDARS Suppose you are asked to find the day of the week on | leap year. Leap year consists of 366 days, (52 complete 30 June 1974, itwould be a tough job to find itifyoudo | weeks +2 days), the extra two days are the odd days. So, not know the method. The method of finding the day _a leap year has two odd days. of the week lies in the number of ‘odd days’, ‘A nondeap year consists of 865 days (52 complete weeks + I day). The extra one day is the odd day. NOTE vary 7th day wil be the same day count wise, ie if today is Monday, then the 7th day counting from Tuesday onwards will once again be Monday. Odd day isthe days remaining after ‘completion of an exact number of weeks. Odd day isthe re- rminder obtained on diving the total number of days with seven. For every century, the year which is a multiple of 400 is 2 leap year. A century year which is not divisible by 400 is a non-leap year. Example: 92 days+7=3 odd days Per 0,000, 800 are nowleap ar Leap and Non-leap Year 7 a Counti mber Day ‘A non-leap year has 365 days whereas a leap year has unting the Number of O+ id one extra day because of 29 days in the month of | 100 years consist of 24 leap years + 76 ordinary years. February. Every year which is divisible by 4 is called a | (100 years when divided by 4, we get 25. But at the Scanned with CamScanner100th year is not a leap year, hence, only 24 leap years). = 2 24 odd days + 1 x76 odd days 24 days T weeks +5 days ‘The extra 5 days are the odd days. So, 100 years contain 5 odd days. Similarly, for 200 years we have 10 extra days (I week + 3 days) £- 200 years contains 3 odd days. Similarly, 300 years contain 1 odd day and 400 years contain 0 odd days. Counting of Number of Odd Days, When Only One Date is Given Here, we take January Ist 1 AD as the earlier date and we assume that this day is a Monday. We take its pre- vious day, i.e., Sunday as the reference day. After this the above-mentioned method is applied to count the number of odd days and find the day of the week for the given date. Counting Number of Odd Days, When Two Dates Are Given ‘Any month which has 31 days has 3 odd days. (. 81 +7 leaves 8 as remainder) and any month which has 30 days has 2 odd days (30 + 7 leaves 2 as remainder). Then, the total number of odd days are calculated by adding the odd days for each month. The value so obtained is again divided by 7 to get the final number of odd days. The day of the week of the second date is obtained by adding the odd days to the day of the week of the earlier date. Ifyou were born on 14th April 1992, which was a Sunday, then on which day of the week does your birthday fall in 1993? (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Friday 14th April 1992 to 14th April 1993 isa complete year, which has 365 days. Hence, the number of odd days from 14th April 1992 to 14th April 1993 is 1. Hence, 14th April 1993 is one day after Sunday, ie., Monday. Sol: If Ist January 1992 is a Tuesday then on which day of the week will Ist January 1993 fall? (A) Wednesday (B) Thursday (C) Friday (D) Saturday Since 1992 is a leap year there are 2 odd days. Hence, Ist January 1992 is two days after Tuesday, ie., Thursday. If 1st April 2003 was Monday, then which day of the week will 25th December of the same year be? (A) Tuesday (B) Wednesday (©) Thursday (D) Friday The number of days from Ist April to 25th December (29+ 31430431 +31 +30 +31 + 30425) days = 268 days 2 Sol: Sok: 3-38 +2odd days Hence, 25th December is two days after Monday, i.e., Wednesday. 4. On which day of the week does 4th June 2001 fall? (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Thursday Sol: 4th June 2001 = (2000) years + Ist January to 4th June 2001. We know that 2000 years have zero odd days. The number of odd days from Ist January to 4th June 2001 Month: Jan + Feb +Mar + Apr + May + June Odd day:3+0+34+24+344 15 1 odd day. 7 Hence, 4th June 2001 was a Monday. . Which year will have the same calendar as that ‘of 2005? (A) 2006 (B) 2007 (©) 2008 () 2011 ‘Year: 2005+2006+2007+2008+2009+2010 Odd days: 1 +1+1424141 Sol: Scanned with CamScannerTotal number of odd days from 2005 to 2010 are 720 odd days. Hence, 2011 will have the same calendar as that of 2005. 6. What day of the week was 18th April 1901? (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (C) Wednesday (D) Thursday Sok: 18th April 1901 = (1600 + 300) years + Ist January to 18th April 1901 1600 years have ~ 0 odd days 300 years have ~ 1 odd day ‘The number of days from Ist January 1901 to 18th April 1901 is (31 + 28 + 31 + 18) days 108 days = 3 odd days +. Total number of odd days =3+1=4 Hence, 18th April 1901 is Thursday. EXERCISES Directions for questions 1 to 30: Select the correct alternative from the given choices. 1, IF 8th February 1995 was a Wednesday, then 8th February 1994 was on which day? (A) Wednesday (©) Tuesday (B) Thursday (D) Monday 2. IF 17th September 1993 was a Friday, then which day of the week was 30th June 1989? (A) Wednesday (B) Thursday (©) Friday (D) Saturday 3. If 1th August 1985 was a Sunday, then which day of the ‘week was 13th August 1986? (A) Tuesday (B) Monday (© Thursday (D) Wednesday 4. How many odd days are there in 352 days? (A) One (B) Two (©) Three (D) zero, 5. Which among the following years isa leap year? (A) 3000 (B) 3100 (©) 3200 (D) 3300 6. If Ist January 2012 is a Sunday, then which day of the week will the new year be celebrated in 2016? (A) Friday (B) Sunday (©) Wednesday (D) Saturday 7. If Ist April 1963 was a Monday, then which day of the week will be Ist August 19 (A) Saturday (B) Monday (©) Tuesday (D) Thursday 8 On which dates of October 1994 did Monday fall? (A) 4,11, 18,25 (B) 2,9, 16, 23 (©) 1,8,15,22 (D) 8, 10, 17, 24, 31 9. Which year will have same calendar as 2002? (A) 2008 (B) 2011 (©) 2009 (D) 2013, 10, The calendar for year 2005 is the same as that for which of the following years? (A) 2010 (© 2011 (B) 2012 (D) 2009 11, Which of the following years wll have the same calendar 2 that of 2020? (a) 2050 (B) 2048 (©) 2046 (D) 2052 12, What will be the next leap year after 20967 (a) 2100 (B) 2101 (©) 2104 (Dp) 2108 15. If in a calendar year, there are 541 days and 10 days a week, then how many odd days will be there in that year? (A) One (B) Two (© Three (D) Four 14, The last day of a century cannot be (A) Friday (B) Wednesday (©) Monday (D) Tuesday 15. Which day of the week was 25th December 1995? (A) Sunday (B) Monday (© Tuesday (D) Wednesday 16. Which day of the week was 28rd July 17762 (A) Sunday (B) Wednesday (© Thursday (D) Tuesday 17, Ifholidays are declared only on Sundays and in a particu: lar year 12th March is a Sunday, is 23rd September in that year a holiday? Scanned with CamScanner(A) Yes (B) No (C) Yes, if itisa leap year. (D) No, if itis a leap year. 18. Which day of the week was 15th January1601? (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (©) Wednesday (D) Thursday 19. The first Republic day was celebrated on 26th January 1950 and it was on which day? (A) Thursday (B) Friday (©) Monday (D) Tuesday 20. If 23rd April 2006 is a Sunday, then 23rd April 2106 will bea (A) Wednesday (B) Thursday (©) Friday (D) Saturday 21. If the first day of the years 2012 and 2023 are Mondays, then which day of the week will be the last days of years respectively? (A) Tuesday, Tuesday (C) Monday, Tuesday (B) Tuesday, Monday (D) Sunday, Monday 22, If 14th November 2006 is a Sunday, then 14th November 2706 isa (A) Sunday (©) Tuesday (B) Friday (D) Monday 28. In a year, if 28rd November is a Friday then 14th March, in that year is on which day of the week? (A) Monday (B) Wednesday (©) Sunday (D) Tuesday 24, In a leap year, which month will have the same calendar as that of January in that year? (A) April B) July (C) October (D) March 25. What isthe next leap year after 2596? (A) 2398 (B) 2408 (C) 2404 (D) 2400 26. Which day of the week is 21st April 2006? (A) Tuesday (B) Wednesday (©) Thursday (D) Friday 27. What was the day of the week on 5th May 1938? (A) Friday (B) Sunday (©) Thursday (D) Saturday 28. What day of the week was the Indian Independence Day in 20017 (A) Monday (B) Wednesday (©) Tuesday (D) Thursday 29. Ifa year starts on Saturday but does not end on Saturday, then what is the day of the week on 13th June in that year? (A) Monday (B) Tuesday (©) Sunday (D) Saturday 30. Ifa year starts on a Friday, then whats the maximum pos- sible number of Tuesdays in that year? (a) 58 (©) 51 (B) 52 (D) 49 1. © 6. (A) 1. (@) 2 (C) 7. (A) 12, (©) 3. (D) 8. (D) 13, (A) 4B) 9. (D) 14. (D) 5. (©) 10. © 15. B) 16. (D) 21. (B) 26. (D) 17. @) 22, (D) 27. (©) 18. (A) 23. (B) 28. (B) 19. (a) 24. (B) 29. (B) 20. (C) 25. (D) 30. (B) Scanned with CamScannerSolutions for questions 1 to 30: 1. 1994 is nota leap year, =. Ithas only 1 odd day. 8th February 1995 is one day before Wednesday. Hence, 8th February 1994 is a Tuesday. 2. The number of odd days from 17th September 1998 to 30th June 1993 is as follows. Month: Sep + Aug + Jul +Jun Odd days: 2+8+8+1= 2 odd day Hence, 80th June 1993 was two days back to Frida Wednesday. The number of years from 1993 to 1989 is 4 years out of which there is one leap year and 3 non-leap years. :. The number of odd days = 21 +8 =5 odd days. ‘Therefore, itis the same day, ie, Friday. 3. It is given that 11th August 1985 was Sunday then 13th August 1985 is Tuesday. 1985 is not a leap year, hence, it has only one odd day. So, 13th August 1986 is one day to Tuesday, i.e., Wednesday. 4. The number of odd days in 952 days 352 7 Hence, the total number of odd days is 2 =50+2 odd days 5. Century years which are divisible by 400 are leap years. ‘As 3000, 3100 and 3300 are not divisible by 400, they are not leap years. But, 3200 is a leap year. 6. The total number of years from 2012 to 2016 is four out of which 2013, 2014 and 2015 are non-leap years. Hence, there is 1 odd day in each of these years, 2012 is a leap year, therefore, it has 2 odd days. =. The total number of odd days in these four years is 5, Here, Ist Jan 2016 is five days to Sunday, ie., Friday. 7. The total number of years from 1963 to 1959 is 4 years ‘out of which 1959, 1961 and 1962 are ordinary years. Hence, they have $ odd days and 1960 is leap year which has 2 odd days. The total number of odd days in these 4 yearsis 5. Hence, Ist April 1959 is 5 days back to Monday, ic., Wednesday. Now, the number of odd days from Ist April to Ist August. in 1959 is as follows. Month: Apr + May + Jun + Jal + Aug, Odd days: 143424341 The total number of odd days 3. Hence, 1st August 1959 is 3 days to Wednesday, ic., Saturday, 8. 1600 years contain zero odd days. 300 years contain 1 odd day: 93 years = (23 leap + 70 non-leap years) Total number of odd days in 93 years = x1) = 116 odd days = 4 odd days. Number of odd days from Ist 1994 Month: J+F+M+A4+M+]+]+A+S+0 Odd days: 3+0494+24+3+2+5434241 = 22 odd days = 1 odd day. ‘The total number of odd days= 1 + 4+ 1= 6 odd days =. Ist October 1994 is Saturday. Therefore, first Monday is on 3rd October: So, 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 are Mondays in October. (3x 2+ 70 wnuary to Ist October in 9. The number of odd days should be zero to have same calendar, Years Odd day 202, 2003 2008 2005 — 2008 2007 = 2008 — 2009 2010 201 = 201 = 213 - 1 ‘After the completion of 2013 we get 14 odd days. Hence, the number of odd days is zero. So, 2013 will have the same calendar as that of 2002. 10, Year: 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Odd days: 1 +14 1+2 +141 . As the number of odd days from 2005 to 2010 is 7 => 2 = 0.odd days. 2 Hence, 2011 had the same calendar as did 2005. 11, 2020 is a leap year. In the next 28 years we have 21 no! leap years and 7 leap years, which result in 35 odd days, ice, effectively zero odd days. Hence, 2020 + 28 = 2048 will have the same calendar as, will 2020, 12, For a century year to be a leap year, ie should be divisible by 400, As 2100 is not divided by 400 itis not a leap year. ‘The next leap year is 2104, 13, To find the number of odd days, we have to find the remainder of 541/10. The remainder is one. Hence, there is one odd day. Scanned with CamScanner4. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 100 years contain 5 odd days. The last day of the first century is Friday. 200 years contain 10 odd days, ie., 3 odd days. +: The last day of the second century is Wednesday. 300 years contain 15 odd days, ie., 1 odd day. «=. The last day the third century is Monday. 400 years contain 20 odd days and the 400th year itself is a leap year. Hence, there is no odd day. «The last day is Sunday. The last day of a century cannot bbe Tuesday, Thursday or Saturday. ‘The total number of odd days up to 25th December, 1995 is obtained as follows. For 1600 years - zero odd days, For 300 years ~ 1 odd day In 94 years there are 28 leap years and 71 non-leap years. The total number of odd days in these 94 years is (23 x 24711) = (46471) = 117, = 5 odd days The number of odd days from Ist January to 25th December 1995 is as follows. Month: J+F+M+A+M+J+J+A+S+O+N+D Odd days: 340434 24+3+2434+54+2+342+4 odd days. The total numbes of odd days= 1 +5+2= 1, ie., Monday. Hence, 25th December 1995 is Monday. 1600 years ~ 0 odd days 100 years —5 odd days 75 years = (18L + 57 NL) = 36 +57=93 odd days =» 2 odd days Now Ist January - 24th July 176 = 205 days = 2 odd days Total number of odd days = 2 23rd July 1776 was Tuesday. The total number of odd days from 12th March to 23rd September is as follows. Month: M+A+MeJaJ+A+S Odd days: 5+24+3+24+3+342=20 days. 20 odd days. Hence, 23rd September is 6 days to Sunday, .c., Saturday. So, 23rd September is not a holiday. ‘The number of odd days upto 15th January 1601 is as follows. 1600 + (Ist January to 15th Janaary 1601) 1600 years have zero odd days and there is one odd day in 15 days. Hence, 15th January 1601 is a Monday. ‘The number of odd days upto 26th January 1950. 1600 years = odd days 300 years = I odd day In 49 years these are 12 leap years and 87 non-leap years, Number of odd days in these 49 years is 61 =61 odd days = 5 odd days. 28. 27. 26th January = 26 days = 5 odd days Total odd days 11 odd days = 4 odd days Therefore, the answer is Thursday. ‘Number of years from 2006 to 2106 is 100 years. ‘We know that 100 years have 5 odd days. Hence, 28rd April 2106 will be 5 days after Sunday, ie., Friday. 2012 is leap year, so it will have two odd days, Hence, Ist January 2015 is two days after Monday, Wednesday. So, 3ist December 2012 is a Tuesday. 2023 is a non-teap year and have I odd day. So, Ist January 2024 is Tuesday. Hence, 31st December 2023 is Monday. Number of years from 2006 to 2706 is 700 years. 700 year (400 + 300) have 1 odd day. Hence, 14th November 2706 is one day after Sunday, Monday. The number of odd days from 28rd November to 14th March in that year. Month: N+O+S+A+J+J+M+A4M Odd days: 2+34+2434+3424+34243 23 odd days > P= 2 odd days. Hence, itis two days before Friday, ie., Wednesday. In order to have the same calendar between these two months the number of odd days should be zero. Month: Jan + Feb + Mar + Apr + May + Jun + Jul Odd days: $+14+34+2+3+2 AC the completion of June, the number of odd days is zero. Hence, January and July will have the same calendar, . A century year which is divisible by 400 is a leap year and a leap year comes for every 4 years. Hence, 2396 + 4 = 2400 is a leap year. The number of odd days upto 2Ist April 2006 is as follows. (200) years + 5 years + (Ist January 2006 to 21st April 2006) 2000 years have 0 odd days. In these 5 years there is a leap year and 4 nondeap years. Odd days =1x2+4 x 1 =6 odd days. The number of odd days from Ist January 2006 to 21st April 2006, Month: Jan + Feb + Mar + Apr Odd days: 3+043+0=6 days The total, number of odd days = 6 + 6 = 12 =95 odd days Hence, 21st April 2006 is Friday. 5th May 1938 May 1937) 1600 years have 0 odd days. 300 years have I odd day. 1600 + 300 + 37 + (IstJanuary 1937 t0 5th Scanned with CamScanner37 years contain 9 leap years + 28 nondeap year. ‘One leap year contains 2 odd days. ‘One nondeap year contains | odd day. In 87 years number of odd days = 9 x 2 + 28 = 46 odd days, Number of odd days from Ist January 1938 to 5th May 1938 is as follows. Month [Jan [Feb [March [Apr | May | Total Oddaay |s [os 2 [5 |i = The total number of odd days = 0 + 1 + 46 + 13 = 60 odd days. 4odd days means thus = 4 odd days (60-+ 4) “. Bth May 1938 is Thursday. 28, 15th August 200) August 2001) Century year contains ‘o' odd days. The number of odd days from Ist January to 15th August 2000 + (Ist January 2001 to 15th isas follows. Month | fan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun |Jut_| Aug’ odd }3 jo |s je |3 [2 Ja |i day 4: The tot number fod ys 1 =o dap So as meas ees bh Ags ts eet 29. As the year is starting and ending on two different days, itisa leap year. It is given that Ist January is Saturday. The number of odd days from Ist of January to 13th June is 2 (Excluding Ist January) +14+3+24+3+6 3 odd days. . The 3rd day after Saturday is Tuesday. 30, If the year is a leap year, it will have 53 Fridays as well as 58 Saturdays. Each of the remaining days of week occurs only 52 times. Similarly iit isa nom-leap year, it will have 53 Fridays and all the other days of the week occur only 52 times, +. The number of Tuesday is 52 Scanned with CamScanner