Newton's Law

of Universal Gravitation

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that

any two bodies in the universe attract eachother

witha force that is directly proportional to the

product of their masses and inversely proportional to

the square of the distance between them

Example Question

F GMirman 6.67 10 X 7.0 5.5 9

7.1 10 N

O 602

The

Effect of Gravity

According to Newton's 3rd Law of motion forces

occur in action reaction pairs

Therefore When the Earth euerts a force on the

the enerts an equal opposite force

moon moon and

on

the Earth

Using Newton's 2nd law of motion we can see that

he effect of the gravitational force of the moon on

the Earth will be way smaller than the

Gravitational force the Earth euerts on the moon

Apparent weight

Apparent weight is equal to the Normal Force

Weight is the Force euperienced due to

Gravity

Example Question

TheoryTime

To tackle these sorts of questions we

can make our lives by using these derived

easier

equations

Remember apparent weight NormalForce

Back to the Question

based

onthe formula's above N Mg ma

N 190 9.83 90 0.8 810N To

Gravitational Fields

A Gravitational feed is a region in which a

Gravitational force is euerted on all matter within
that region AKA the force of gravity per unit of
mass The direction of this force is towards the centre
of the mass
Representations of Gravitational fields
a Direction of the Arrowhead
indicates the direction of the force
Space between the arrows
B
indicate the relative magnitude of
the held
c Parallel field lines indicate
uniform field strength

Note We can use diagram above to show the

this
relative strength of the Gravitational freed at
A B C From the diagram we can deduce that
B euperiences the strongest freed strength C has
euperrenced a medium field strength and A
euperiences the weakest heed strength

Calculating Gravitational Field Strength

 Example Question

of Fame
o oo
9.6mg

New formula using this equation

Inverse Square Law

 What can we see in this diagram
as the distance from the source

of a field the field

increases
is spread over a fecal area that
increases with the square of the
distance from the source Resulting in
the strength of the field decreasing by
the same ratio

Mass And Weight

Vector quantity
magnitudeand
directionrequired

Normal Force in Gravitational Fields

When
you are in freefall
you euperrenc
apparent weightlessness However it
is not true weightlessness as there is
still a small gravitation force that
allows him to orbit in a circular

path
Satellites
what 2
my Lawsare
The planets move in elliptical orbits

i
of time
n

For every planet r is constant

g

This means that

fad 49
constant

Satellites Equation Kepler's 3rd Equation

We can also use this formula to derive equations

so it can make life easier for us

M P
Liar
r T
f4
What are satellites
They can be anything that orbits a

planet
There is also a special type of satellite
 M y
It is unique as it remains above the same
point on Earth tore its entire orbit and it's
period is 24 hours

Calculating the orbital properties of satellites

To calculate these things Just use these formulas

Acceleration
Cms 2
g army YI 471
Velocity
Cms y 27 fat Frg

Example Question

Cliff.gg 3
A constant a 6.711106km

b using the derived formulas C V 2 7 1.88 106

M 4 72 11.88 1093
2,21
4raIr 1.44 106
6.67 10 I X 1.44 1065
8 20km5 Cas r
1.90111027kg is eupresied in km
Work in a Gravitational Field

Work done against the force of gravity is converted

into
potential energy

Example Question

E mg oh 3200 9.8 100,000 3.136 109

3.1 103MJ
W DE 3.1 103 Mj Work done

also Eh taxGtm
 Example Question

Eg Mg oh 0.450 1.4 9.8 6.2Joules

as Eg is converted into Eu 6.2 12 0450 x v2
5.2ms x

Calculating change in Gravitational potential energy with

a Force Distance graph

Example Question

Note For these kinds of questions dont stress Just count

the god damn squares 52 squares
value of 1 square CO IX106m14100 1.0 107
decrease in APE 52 1.0 107 5.2 1081
Change in Gravitational potential energy using a
Gravitational field strength Distance graph

Example Questron

NOTE Whilst this may be similar to the previous

question the only difference is that weight
comes into play

36 squares counted I done square 50 103 1

5.0 X 104Jkg
i 36 5.0 104 X 3000
8Eg mass

5.4 X 109J