Bet] pS rd | HARD AND SOFT ACIDS AND BASES Ce ee ee en ee Rajesh Samant's screenaera beg Sd eT The HSAB concept is now widely used to explain : The theory is used in contexts where a qualitative, rather than quantitative description would help in understanding the predominant factors which drive chemical properties and reactions.The Elements A | He Li} Be} arg Acq ~ + 8 | © PN BQN F J Ne | Na Mg | Al | Sif Pes ecg Ar | K Ca|Sc| Ti} V Cr \[Mn Fe CoP Ni FCu F2n | Ga Ge } As | Se imme Kr Rb | Sr | Y¥ | 2r | Nb te [Ru fn | Pa | Aa | co Sn 9 Sb | Te HDG Xe [elias onde Pea Pee at Dt ‘ Soft Acid Borderline Rajesh Samant’STRENGTH OF LEWIS ACIDS; Size of cation: Smaller the size better acceptance of electron pair so smaller cations are stronger acids. Oxidation State: As the oxidation state of metal increases the deficiency of electrons also increases so more the oxidation state stronger the Lewis acid. Rajesh Samant's screenSTRENGTH OF LEWIS BASES: Size of central atom: Larger the size better release of electron pair so larger central atoms are stronger bases. Number of lone pairs: As the number of lone pares increases the efficiency to donate the lone pair decreases hence the central atom having less lone pairs behaves as stronger base NH,(1 LP) > H,0 (2 LP) > HF (3 LP)Pearson's classification of metal A BAS &-G.. Journal of American Chemical Society, 1963, 85, 3533-3539 = class (b) metal ions Alkali: H*, Lit, Nat, Kt, * Heavier transition me- Rb*, and Cs‘, tals of lower oxidation states : alkaline earth: Be?*, Cut, Ag*, Hg*, Hg?*, Mg?*, Ca?*, Sr?*, and Pd?*, and Pt?*. Ba**, Lighter transition metals of higher oxidation states : Ti**, Cr**, Fe**, ooissand Co?*.wea) Sd eT The HSAB Concept : ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee)wLeneys Ss ed et) @ Zoom v Leave Polarizability The capacity of a group of atoms in a molecule and/or an ion to polarize its electron. \\/ ; H 4 *H H GS Wa = ad Unmute Start Video PST Tey Participants Wifoles10:27 Sas eT | q)) @ Zoom v re st Yow«eean - Unmute Start Video Iara} Lae Lat Ceaj ara) 6) WilelesEBT) Eee | er | ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS | Rajesh Samant's screen9:45 PS | LEWIS BASE: ee ee ee ee ee ee ee10:28 Sd rT) er ED10:09 Ss ed et) Crdoel ht Bn re A less easily polanzed species. Le (lONTC) aL so Unmute Start Video Sara} Participants Witele10:25 QS la et) Crdoyel ht Bn re Cu’, Ag’, Hg’, Hg*’, Pas, and Pt?*. Tendency to complex with Tendency to complex with class (a) metal ions : class (b) metal ions ZZ so Unmute Start Video SIT Te} Participants More