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(Eng&ind) Artikel Covid Delta (Muhammad Ilham 17-387)
(Eng&ind) Artikel Covid Delta (Muhammad Ilham 17-387)
Abstract
Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new name given by World Health Organization
(WHO) of 2019 novel corona virus infection, reported at the end of 2019 from Wuhan, Cina.
The spread of infection occurs rapidly and creates a new pandemic threat. Etiology of COVID-
19 was identified in 10 January 2020, a betacorona virus, similar with severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS CoV). The clue diagnosis
pathway of COVID-19 were history of travel from Wuhan or others infected countries within
14 days prior, and symptoms of acute respiratory illness (ARI) or lower respiratory infection
(pneumonia) with the result of real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) specific for
COVID-19. The WHO classified COVID-19 into suspect case, probable case and confirmed
case. Indonesia Ministry of Health classified the case into in monitoring (ODP), patient under
surveillance (PDP), people without symptom (OTG) and confirmed case. Specimens for
detection COVID-19 could be acquired from nasal and nasopharynx swab, sputum and another
lower respiratory aspirate including broncoalveolar lavage (BAL). Management of COVID-19
consist of isolation and infection control, supportive treatment according to the disease severity
which could be mild (acute respiratory infection) to severe pneumonia or acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS). Disease transmission is via droplets and contact with droplets.
Currently, there is no antiviral and vaccine. Prevention is very important for this disease by
limitation of transmission, identification and isolate patients. Prognosis is determined by
severity of the disease and patient comorbidity. Information about this novel disease remains
very few, studies are still ongoing and is needing further research to fight with this new virus.
(J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2): 119-29)
Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, SARS-CoV-2
INTRODUCTION
In early 2020, the world was shocked by the incidence of severe infections with unknown
causes, which began with a report from China to the World Health Organization (WHO) of 44
severe pneumonia patients in an area of Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, precisely on the
last day of 2019 China. Initial allegations of this were related to a wet market selling fish,
marine animals and various other animals. On January 10, 2020 the cause began to be identified
and obtained the genetic code of the new coronavirus. Further research shows a close
relationship with the coronavirus causing Severe Acute Respitatory Syndrome (SARS) that
spread in Hong Kong in 2003.1 until WHO named it as novel corona virus (nCoV19).2 Soon
began to appear reports from other provinces in China even outside China, in people with travel
history from Wuhan city and China namely South Korea , Japan, Thailand, United States,
Macau, Hongkong, Singapore, Malaysia to a total of 25 countries including France, Germany,
United Arab Emirates, Vietnam and Cambodia And Indonesia. The threat of pandemics is
greater when various cases indicate human-to-human transmission.
Other reports showed contagion in indonesian citizens who had met at an event where residents
from Depok, Indonesia. The first number of 2 people confirmed positive covid 19 at the first
outbreak of the virus out in China, at that time, Indonesia still has not made a thorough
preparation in prevention for the occurrence of transmission that occurred. Which in those days,
wasn't in lockdown for foreigners. There are still many tourists visiting Indonesia. And there
was a drastic contagion in Indonesia.
The Initial Case of Covid In Indonesia.
Patient number 1 is a 31-year-old Indonesian citizen who contracted coronavirus (COVID-19)
after direct contact with Japanese citizens at an event at Paloma &Amigos dance club in Jakarta.
Patient 1 is currently being treated at RSPI Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta. Patient 2 who is 61 years
old is the mother of patient 1. This mother and child live in Depok, West Java. Case 2 patients
are also being treated at RSPI Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta. On February 14, 2020, case 1 patient
met her friends at a dance party attended by about 50 people from various countries. He made
contact with one of the Japanese nationals living in Malaysia. Then, on February 16, case 1
patients complained of coughing, slight fever, and weakness. Since then, he has been on
outpatient medication and accompanied by case 2 patients. However, on February 20, 2020,
case 2 patients also experienced pain. They then decided to be hospitalized on February 26,
2020. After that, on February 28, 2020, a case 1 patient's dance buddy reported that he had
been positive for COVID-19. Then, case 1 patient told the doctor who treated him about this.
The doctor then transferred case patients 1 and 2 to Sulianti Saroso Hospital. After the
laboratory test results came out, case 1 and 2 patients were declared COVID-19 positive on
March 2.
And it propagates all the time in the transmission of this virus outbreak in Indonesia.
According to the Ministry of Health announced a new case in the case of Covid-19 in Indonesia
so quickly in its transmission. This was conveyed by Covid-19 Handling Spokesman Achmad
Yurianto at the Presidential office.
PROBLEM FORMULATION
1. What is Delta Variant Covid-19?
2. What causes it?
3. What can be done to solve it?
DISCUSSION
Delta variant COVID-19 or B.1.617.2 is a COVID-19 disease caused by the mutated Corona
virus. COVID-19 caused by the delta variant SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a variant of
concern as it causes a rapid increase in cases worldwide. Doctors and health workers need to
understand delta variants, especially their implications for disease transmission character,
severity of disease (morbidity and mortality), and its effect on diagnostic examination and
efficacy of THE COVID-19 vaccine. Also know about epidemiology, the location of mutations,
and their pathogenesis.
The SARS-CoV-2 delta variant was first identified in Maharashtra India, in December 2020.
It then spread rapidly and resulted in an increase in daily cases of COVID-19 to 30,000 cases
in New Delhi by the end of April 2020. By June 2021, the Delta variant has become the cause
of a new wave of COVID-19 in the UK, where this variant has become 90% the cause of
COVID-19. This variant has been found in more than 74 countries, including Indonesia.
In addition to the Delta variant, there are several other variants of the mutated Corona virus,
such as alpha, beta, gamma, and lambda variants. The spread of DELTA variant COVID-19 is
a serious health problem and contributed to the surge in positive cases of COVID-19 in various
parts of the world, including Indonesia.
In Indonesia, delta variants have been detected in several regions. On a whole genome
sequencing (WGS) examination of 70 random samples of COVID-19 patients in Kudus,
Central Java after the Eid al-Fitr holiday in 2021, 82% of samples were delta variants.
The Dki Jakarta Provincial Health Office uploaded an infographic on the differences in
symptoms of the SARS-Cov-2 Delta variant with the first common variant of SARS-Cov-2
found in Wuhan, China. In the infographic described that includes variants Delta is descended
from B.1.617.2 or G/452R. V3 from the B.1.617 lineage that caused Covid-19.
The delta variant has been classified as a variant of concern by who, Public Health England
(PHE), and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). It is believed that this variant has high
transmission capability, as well as the ability to avoid immunity due to a previous history of
COVID-19 infection or vaccination.
Delta variants are called easier and faster to transmit compared to other common variants.
Research so far mentions that The Delta variant covid-19 has a higher transmission rate of up
to 40 percent compared to corona virus Alpha variant. The Provincial Government of Dki
Jakarta also provides a classification of symptoms that are generally caused by delta variants
and comparisons of symptoms caused by common variants.
Symptoms of delta variants:
1. Fever
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Severe flu
4. headache
5. Sore throat
6. Cough
7. Diarrhea and abdominal pain
8. Joint pain
9. Loss of appetite
While the symptoms of the common variant are less than the Deltavariant.
1. Common variant symptoms:
2. Shortness of breath
3. Fever
4. Cough
5. Sore throat
6. Headache
7. Anosmia or loss of sense of smell and taste
Know how to distinguish the symptoms of Covid-19 due to delta variant coronavirus. Because,
the symptoms of Covid-19 due to delta variant corona virus are different from before. In fact,
the symptoms of Covid-19 due to delta variant coronavirus are similar to seasonal flu.
researchers say that headaches, sore throats and colds are now the most commonly reported
symptoms of Covid-19 infection in the UK. Zoe Covid Symptom study researcher Prof Tim
Spector said that people who contract delta coronavirus variants can experience symptoms of
'more colds' or seasonal flu-like symptoms, and delta variant symptoms are widely reported in
younger groups of people.
However, although they may not feel symptoms or are seriously ill, they can still transmit the
virus and harm others. Anyone who thinks they may be experiencing Covid-19, researchers
recommend keeping the test going.
-) Nomination On Covid 19
Any virus, including SARS-CoV-2, will undergo mutations that can affect the characteristics
of the virus. In handling COVID-19, there are various naming systems for the new variant
SARS-CoV-2, where the most commonly used labels are the WHO label and the Pango label.
WHO grouped new variants of viruses that have a specific risk of pandemic response into two
groups, namely Variants of Interest (VOI) and Variants of Concern (VOC). VOI is a variant
that has been identified as causing transmission within the community or detected in several
countries, such as zeta (P.2), eta (B.1.525), and kappa (B.1.617.1).
To date, there has been no data on the implications of delta variants on molecular diagnostic
tests, as known mutations in delta variants are not related to diagnostic tests. However,
clinicians still need to be aware of the possibility of false negative on the examination of
patients with DELTA variant COVID-19.
When a variant of SARS-CoV-2 named Delta appeared for the first time in December 2020 in
Maharashtra, india state, not many people were bothering with its arrival. The situation only
changed when he arrived in New Delhi. In the city that replaced Kolkata as the nation's capital,
delta arrived with a vile stamp.
Delta has infected 300,000 people every day since the end of April and has left more than
400,000 people, as of early July, stretching lives.
This variant of corona virus is not only raging in India. Made possible by high interconnections
between countries and the weakening of health protocols, Delta arrived in almost all countries
of the world; as of July 7, it has been detected in more than 100 countries. In the UK, Portugal,
Russia and Asian countries, 90 per cent of the total new infections that have occurred in recent
months are caused by Delta. Similarly, in Indonesia. Delta became the main actor to skyrocket
Corona infection, causing the country to sit in the 16th most severe position in Corona.
Later, referencing studies from British and Israeli health authorities, Delta's appallingness was
also supported by the fact that it was more immune to vaccines. If a single dose of vaccine from
AstraZeneca or Pfizer can reduce the risk of Covid-19 non-Delta variants by up to 50 percent,
then the percentage decreases to 33 percent when dealing with Delta. (Unfortunately there have
been no studies on the effectiveness of Chinese-made vaccines, such as CoronaVac, in the face
of Delta). With all this ferocity, the question is, why the variant is suddenly present and
undermines the expectations of the arrival of normallife.
Daniele Mercatelli, a biotechnologist at the University of Bologna, Italy in a study titled
"Geographic and Genomic Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Mutation" (Journal of Frontiers in
Microbiology Vol. 11 2020), said Corona is a living creature composed by single-stranded
positive-strand RNA. It is this biological fact that led to the birth of the Delta variant. RNA, or
ribonucleic acid (ribonucleic acid), is simply a small version of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid),
a derivative of nucleic acid molecules that serve as a medium of storage of genetic code,
specifically to bequeath traits to offspring. RNA is composed of four proteins, namely spike,
envelope, membrane, and nucloecapsid.
In the case of SARS-CoV-2, out of 353,341 mutations as Mohammadi predicted, only six ended
up creating a fairly alarming variant, SARS-CoV-2 202012/01 (Alpha) that appeared in the
UK, SARS-CoV-2 20 H/501Y. V2 (Beta) that appears in South Africa, SARS-CoV-2 P.1
(Gamma) that appears in Brazil, SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) that appeared in India, SARS-
CoV-2 P3 that appeared in Japan, SARS-CoV-2 B.1.526 (Iota) that appeared in the United
States, and SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.1 (Kappa) that appeared in the United Kingdom.
Varian Delta, also known as B.1.617.2, can spread more easily, according to the American
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC. That strain has mutations in surge proteins
that make it easier to infect humancells.
the steps are more or less the same as when infected with other variants.
First, you need to report the test results to local community leaders, such as the neighboring
community (RT) or the community association (RW). Then, immediately do self-isolation. If
you don't have any symptoms, you can do self-isolation at home or government isolation
facilities.
However, if you have mild symptoms, you can do self-isolation in a government isolation
facility or at home for those who have conditions. The Ministry of Health stipulates that self-
isolation places must have good ventilation with limited mobility. Meanwhile, if you feel
moderate symptoms, you can undergo isolation and treatment at field hospitals, Covid-19
Emergency Hospitals, non-referral hospitals, and referral hospitals. In addition, if you
experience severe-critical symptoms, you will undergo treatment at the referral hospital's
HCU/ICU.
During self-isolation or treatment, someone who is Covid-19 positive should always:
• Wearing a mask
• Keeping your distance from others
• Washing your hands with soap
• Wearing separate cutlery
• Routine cleaning of the room
• Avoid contact with potentially contaminated items.
• Then, it is also encouraged to inform the test results to people who have been in close
contact with you for at least the last two weeks.
• The last thing that is no less important to do is to maintain physical and mental health.
• During self-isolation, make sure you have enough rest, eat and drink regularly, as well
as exercise lightly every day.
• And also take medications that are good for the body or medicines that are
recommended dosage by a doctor and not consumed excessively.
And to overcome the occurrence of transmission can be done to reduce unnecessary activities
and conduct a healthy lifestyle, consume things in the development of immune system in order
to prevent the occurrence of coronavirus or COVID 19.
As well as making good implementation of the recommended by the government.
CONCLUSION
Based on who category, SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B 1.167.2) has been included in the
variant of concern (VOC) group. This variant has been identified as causing transmission
within the community or detected in some countries, and has been shown to cause changes in
transmission capabilities, virulence, and symptoms of the disease.
The SARS-CoV-2 delta variant has spread and caused changes in the epidemiology of the
COVID-19 pandemic. Delta variants are known to have the ability to transmit rapidly and avoid
immunity (neutralizing antibodies), both from the history of infection and previous history of
COVID-19 vaccination.
There is not enough data yet on the morbidity and mortality of delta variants, but this variant
is known to increase the risk of hospitalization needs of COVID-19 patients, with an increased
risk in patients with comorbidities. Currently, there are two types of vaccines that provide
immunity to COVID-19 due to delta variants, namely Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1) and
Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2). Although both vaccines are no more effective than reducing
COVID-19 due to other variants.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
• https://www.alomedika.com/memahami-covid19-varian-delta
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaYafpirYDQ
• https://kesehatan.kontan.co.id/news/kenali-gejala-covid-19-varian-delta-dan-cara-
menangani-pasien-yang-terinfeksi?page=all
• https://www.kompas.com/tag/varian-delta
• https://health.detik.com/
• https://www.alodokter.com/mengenal-covid-19-varian-delta
ARTIKEL
COVID-19 VARIAN DELTA
Muhammad Ilham,Npm 173112340250387
Program Studi Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, Universitas Nasional
Jl. Sawo Manila No.61, RT.14/RW.7, Pejaten Bar., Kec. Ps. Minggu, Kota Jakarta Selatan,
Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12520
Abstrak
Penyakit virus corona 2019 (corona virus disease/COVID-19) sebuah nama baru yang diberikan oleh
Wolrd Health Organization (WHO) bagi pasien dengan infeksi virus novel corona 2019 yang pertama
kali dilaporkan dari kota Wuhan, Cina pada akhir 2019. Penyebaran terjadi secara cepat dan membuat
ancaman pandemi baru. Pada tanggal 10 Januari 2020, etiologi penyakit ini diketahui pasti yaitu
termasuk dalam virus ribonucleid acid (RNA) yaitu virus corona jenis baru, betacorona virus dan satu
kelompok dengan virus corona penyebab severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) dan middle east
respiratory syndrome (MERS CoV). Diagnosis ditegakkan dengan risiko perjalanan dari Wuhan atau
negara terjangkit dalam kurun waktu 14 hari disertai gejala infeksi saluran napas atas atau bawah,
disertai bukti laboratorium pemeriksaan real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19.
Wolrd Health Organization membagi penyakit COVID-19 atas kasus terduga (suspect), probable dan
confirmed, sedangkan Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI) mengklasifikasikan
menjadi orang dalam pemantauan (ODP), pasien dalam pengawasan (PDP), orang tanpa gejala (OTG)
dan pasien terkonfirmasi bila didapatkan hasil RTPCR COVID-19 positif dengan gejala apapun. Bahan
pemeriksaan dapat berupa swab tenggorok, sputum dan bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Hingga saat ini
belum ada antivirus dan vaksin spesifik sehingga diberikan terapi suportif sesuai dengan derajat
penyakit. Penyebaran penyakit diketahui melalui droplet dan kontak dengan droplet. Prognosis pasien
sesuai derajat penyakit, derajat ringan berupa infeksi saluran napas atas umumnya prognosis baik, tetapi
bila terdapat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) prognosis menjadi buruk terutama bila
disertai komorbid, usia lanjut dan mempunyai riwayat penyakit paru sebelumnya. Pencegahan utama
sekaligus tata laksana adalah isolasi kasus untuk pengendalian penyebaran. Masih diperlukan berbagai
riset untuk mengatasi ancaman pandemi virus baru ini. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2):119-29)
Kata kunci: COVID-19, pandemi, SARS-CoV-2 Corona Virus Disease 2019
PENDAHULUAN
Di awal tahun 2020 ini, dunia dikagetkan dengan kejadian infeksi berat dengan penyebab yang
belum diketahui, yang berawal dari laporan dari Cina kepada World Health Organization
(WHO) terdapatnya 44 pasien pneumonia yang berat di suatu wilayah yaitu Kota Wuhan,
Provinsi Hubei, China, tepatnya di hari terakhir tahun 2019 Cina. Dugaan awal hal ini terkait
dengan pasar basah yang menjual ikan, hewan laut dan berbagai hewan lain. Pada 10 Januari
2020 penyebabnya mulai teridentifikasi dan didapatkan kode genetiknya yaitu virus corona
baru. Penelitian selanjutnya menunjukkan hubungan yang dekat dengan virus corona penyebab
Severe Acute Respitatory Syndrome (SARS) yang mewabah di Hongkong pada tahun 2003,1
hingga WHO menamakannya sebagai novel corona virus (nCoV19).2 Tidak lama kemudian
mulai muncul laporan dari provinsi lain di Cina bahkan di luar Cina, pada orangorang dengan
riwayat perjalanan dari Kota Wuhan dan Cina yaitu Korea Selatan, Jepang, Thailand, Amerika
Serikat, Makau, Hongkong, Singapura, Malaysia hingga total 25 negara termasuk Prancis,
Jerman, Uni Emirat Arab, Vietnam dan Kamboja Serta Indonesia. Ancaman pandemik semakin
besar ketika berbagai kasus menunjukkan penularan antar manusia (human to human
transmission).
Laporan lain menunjukkan penularan pada WNI yang habis bertemu atas sebuah acara yang
dimana warga asal Depok,Indonesia. Yang pertama kali berjumlah 2 orang ter konfirmasi
positif covid 19 pada merabak virus pertama keluar di cina, pada saat itu, Indonesia masih
belum melakukan persiapan yang matang dalam pencegahan untuk terjadinya penularan yang
terjadi. Yang dimana dalam masa itu , tidak ada dalam lockdown for WNA. Masih banyak
wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Indonesia. Dan terjadilah hal penularan yang drastis di
Indonesia.
Kasus Awal Adanya Covid Di Indonesia.
Pasien nomor 1 merupakan seorang WNI berusia 31 tahun yang tertular virus corona (COVID-
19) setelah kontak langsung dengan warga negara Jepang dalam acara di klub dansa Paloma &
Amigos di kawasan Jakarta. Pasien 1 tersebut kini sedang dirawat di RSPI Sulianti Saroso,
Jakarta. Pasien 2 yang berusia 61 tahun adalah ibu dari pasien 1. Ibu dan anak ini bermukim di
kawasan Depok, Jawa Barat. Pasien kasus 2 ini juga sedang dirawat di RSPI Sulianti Saroso,
Jakarta. Pada 14 Februari 2020, pasien kasus 1 bertemu dengan teman-temannya di sebuah
pesta dansa yang diikuti sekitar 50 orang dari berbagai negara. Dia melakukan kontak dengan
salah satu warga negara Jepang yang tinggal di Malaysia. Kemudian, pada 16 Februari, pasien
kasus 1 mengeluhkan batuk, sedikit demam, dan lemas. Sejak itu, dia berobat rawat jalan dan
ditemani pasien kasus 2. Namun, pada 20 Februari 2020, pasien kasus 2 juga mengalami sakit.
Mereka kemudian memutuskan untuk dirawat di rumah sakit pada 26 Februari 2020. Setelah
itu, pada 28 Februari 2020, teman dansa pasien kasus 1 mengabarkan bahwa dirinya telah
positif COVID-19. Lantas, pasien kasus 1 mengabarkan kepada dokter yang merawatnya
tentang hal ini. Dokter kemudian memindahkan pasien kasus 1 dan 2 ke RS Sulianti Saroso.
Setelah hasil tes laboratorium keluar, pasien kasus 1 dan 2 diumumkan positif COVID-19 pada
2 Maret lalu.
Dan merambat tiap waktu dalam penularan wabah virus ini di Indonesia.
Menurut Kementerian Kesehatan mengumumkan kasus baru dalam perkara Covid-19 di
Indonesia begitu cepat dalam penularannya. Hal tersebut disampaikan Juru Bicara Penanganan
Covid-19 Achmad Yurianto di kantor Kepresidenan.
RUMUSAN MASALAH
1. Apa itu Delta Varian Covid-19?
2. Apa penyebabnya?
3. Apa yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengatasinya?
PEMBAHASAN
A. COVID VARIAN DELTA
COVID-19 varian Delta atau B.1.617.2 merupakan penyakit COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh
virus Corona yang telah bermutasi. COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2
varian delta telah menjadi variant of concern karena menyebabkan peningkatan kasus yang
cepat di seluruh dunia. Dokter dan tenaga kesehatan perlu memahami varian delta, terutama
implikasinya terhadap karakter transmisi penyakit, tingkat keparahan penyakit (morbiditas dan
mortalitas), dan pengaruhnya terhadap pemeriksaan diagnostik serta efikasi vaksin COVID-19.
Juga mengetahui tentang epidemiologi, letak mutasi, dan patogenesisnya.
SARS-CoV-2 varian delta pertama kali teridentifikasi di Maharashtra India, pada bulan
Desember 2020. Kemudian menyebar dengan cepat dan mengakibatkan peningkatan kasus
harian COVID-19 hingga 30.000 kasus di New Delhi pada akhir April 2020. Pada bulan Juni
2021, varian Delta telah menjadi penyebab gelombang baru COVID-19 di Inggris, di mana
varian ini telah menjadi 90% penyebab COVID-19. Varian ini telah ditemukan di lebih dari 74
negara, termasuk Indonesia.
Selain varian Delta, ada beberapa varian lain dari virus Corona yang bermutasi, misalnya varian
Alfa, Beta, Gamma, dan Lambda. Tersebarnya COVID-19 varian Delta merupakan masalah
kesehatan serius dan turut berperan dalam terjadinya lonjakan kasus positif COVID-19 di
berbagai belahan dunia, termasuk Indonesia.
Di Indonesia, varian delta telah terdeteksi di beberapa wilayah. Pada pemeriksaan whole
genome sequencing (WGS) terhadap 70 sampel acak pasien COVID-19 di Kudus, Jawa Tengah
setelah libur Idul Fitri 2021, ditemukan 82% sampel merupakan varian delta.
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta mengunggah infografis perbedaan gejala varian Delta
SARS-Cov-2 dengan varian umum SARS-Cov-2 yang ditemukan pertama kali di Wuhan,
China. Dalam infografis dijelaskan yang termasuk varian Delta adalah keturunan dari
B.1.617.2 atau G/452R.V3 dari garis keturunan B.1.617 yang menyebabkan Covid-19.
Varian delta telah diklasifikasikan sebagai variant of concern oleh WHO, Public Health
England (PHE), dan Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Dipercaya varian ini memiliki
kemampuan transmisi yang tinggi, serta kemampuan penghindaran terhadap imunitas akibat
riwayat infeksi atau vaksinasi COVID-19 sebelumnya.
Varian Delta disebut lebih mudah dan cepat menular dibandingkan dengan varian umum
lainnya. Riset sejauh ini menyebutkan bahwa Covid-19 varian Delta memiliki tingkat
penularan lebih tinggi hingga 40 persen dibandingkan virus Corona varian Alpha. Pemprov
DKI juga memberikan klasifikasi gejala yang umumnya disebabkan oleh varian Delta dan
perbandingan gejala yang disebabkan oleh varian umum.
Gejala varian Delta:
1) Demam
2) Mual dan muntah
3) Flu parah
4) Sakit kepala
5) Sakit tenggorokan
6) Batuk
7) Diare dan sakit perut
8) Nyeri sendi
9) Hilang selera makan
Sedangkan gejala varian umum lebih sedikit dibandingkan varian Delta.
• Gejala varian umum:
1) Sesak nafas
2) Demam
3) Batuk
4) Sakit tenggorokan
5) Sakit kepala
6) Anosmia atau kehilangan indera penciuman dan perasa
Kenali cara membedakan gejala Covid-19 akibat virus corona varian Delta. Pasalnya, gejala
Covid-19 akibat virus corona varian Delta berbeda dengan sebelumnya. Bahkan, gejala Covid-
19 akibat virus corona varian Delta mirip dengan sakit flu musimam. para peneliti mengatakan
bahwa sakit kepala, sakit tenggorokan dan pilek sekarang menjadi gejala yang paling sering
dilaporkan terkait infeksi Covid-19 di Inggris. Peneliti yang melakukan studi Zoe Covid
Symptom, Prof Tim Spector, mengatakan bahwa orang yang tertular varian virus corona Delta
bisa merasakan gejala 'lebih pilek' atau mirip flu musiman, dan gejala varian Delta ini banyak
dilaporkan pada kelompok orang yang lebih muda.
Akan tetapi, kendati mereka mungkin tidak merasakan gejala atau sakit parah, namun tentunya
mereka masih bisa menularkan virus dan membahayakan orang lain. Siapa pun yang mengira
mungkin mengalami Covid-19, peneliti menyarankan agar tetap melakukan tes.
Hingga saat ini, belum ada data mengenai implikasi varian delta terhadap pemeriksaan
diagnostik molekuler, karena mutasi yang telah diketahui pada varian delta tidak berkaitan
dengan pemeriksaan diagnostik. Namun, klinisi tetap perlu mewaspadai kemungkinan false
negative pada pemeriksaan terhadap pasien COVID-19 varian delta.
Tatkala varian SARS-CoV-2 bernama Delta muncul untuk pertama kalinya pada Desember
2020 di Maharashtra, negara bagian India, tidak banyak yang menggubris kedatangannya.
Situasi baru berubah saat ia tiba di New Delhi. Di kota yang menggantikan posisi Kolkata
sebagai ibu kota negara ini, Delta tiba dengan perangai yang keji.
Delta menginfeksi 300 ribu penduduk setiap harinya sejak akhir April lalu dan membuat lebih
dari 400 ribu penduduk, hingga awal Juli kemarin, meregang nyawa.
Varian virus Corona ini tak hanya mengamuk di India. Dimungkinkan oleh interkoneksi yang
tinggi antar negara dan kian melemahnya protokol kesehatan, Delta tiba di hampir semua
negara di dunia; per 7 Juli lalu telah terdeteksi di lebih dari 100 negara. Di Inggris, Portugal,
Rusia, dan negara-negara Asia, 90 persen total infeksi baru yang terjadi dalam beberapa bulan
terakhir disebabkan oleh Delta. Begitu pula di Indonesia. Delta menjadi aktor utama
meroketnya infeksi Corona, hingga menyebabkan negara ini duduk di posisi ke-16 paling parah
diamuk Corona.
Kemudian, merujuk studi dari otoritas kesehatan Inggris dan Israel, mengerikannya Delta
didukung pula oleh kenyataan bahwa ia lebih kebal terhadap vaksin. Jika satu dosis vaksin dari
AstraZeneca atau Pfizer dapat mengurangi risiko Covid-19 varian non-Delta hingga 50 persen,
maka persentasenya menurun menjadi 33 persen jika berhadapan dengan Delta. (Sayangnya
belum ada studi tentang efektivitas vaksin-vaksin buatan Cina, semisal CoronaVac, dalam
menghadapi Delta). Dengan segala keganasannya ini, pertanyaannya adalah, mengapa varian
tersebut tiba-tiba hadir dan merusak harapan tibanya kehidupan normal.
Daniele Mercatelli, ahli bioteknologi pada University of Bologna, Italia dalam studi berjudul
"Geographic and Genomic Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Mutation" (Journal of Frontiers in
Microbiology Vol. 11 2020), mengatakan Corona merupakan makhluk hidup yang tersusun
oleh RNA beruntai-tunggal untai-positif (single-stranded positive-strand RNA). Fakta biologis
inilah yang menuntun kelahiran varian Delta. RNA, atau ribonucleic acid (asam ribonukleat),
secara sederhana merupakan DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid/asam deoksiribonukleat) versi
mungil, turunan molekul asam nukleat yang berfungsi sebagai medium penyimpanan kode
genetik, khususnya untuk mewariskan sifat kepada keturunan. RNA tersusun dari empat
protein, yakni spike, envelope, membrane, dan nucloecapsid.
Dalam kasus SARS-CoV-2, dari 353.341 mutasi seperti yang diperkirakan Mohammadi, hanya
enam yang akhirnya menciptakan varian yang cukup mengkhawatirkan, yakni SARS-CoV-2
202012/01 (Alpha) yang muncul di Inggris, SARS-CoV-2 20 H/501Y.V2 (Beta) yang muncul
di Afrika Selatan, SARS-CoV-2 P.1 (Gamma) yang muncul di Brazil, SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2
(Delta) yang muncul di India, SARS-CoV-2 P3 yang muncul di Jepang, SARS-CoV-2 B.1.526
(Iota) yang muncul di Amerika Serikat, dan SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.1 (Kappa) yang muncul di
Inggris.
Pertama, Anda perlu melaporkan hasil tes ke tokoh masyarakat setempat, seperti rukun
tetangga (RT) ataupun rukun warga (RW). Lalu, segeralah lakukan isolasi mandiri. Jika tidak
memiliki gejala apa pun, Anda dapat melakukan isolasi mandiri di rumah ataupun fasilitas
isolasi pemerintah.
Namun, jika memiliki gejala ringan, Anda bisa melakukan isolasi mandiri di fasilitas isolasi
pemerintah ataupun di rumah bagi yang memiliki syarat. Kemenkes menetapkan bahwa tempat
isolasi mandiri haruslah memiliki ventilasi yang baik dengan mobilitas yang terbatas.
Sementara itu, jika Anda merasakan gejala sedang, bisa menjalani isolasi dan perawatan di RS
lapangan, RS Darurat Covid-19, RS non-rujukan, dan RS rujukan. Selain itu, jika mengalami
gejala berat-kritis, Anda akan menjalani perawatan di HCU/ICU RS rujukan.
Selama melakukan isolasi mandiri atau mendapatkan perawatan, seseorang yang positif
Covid-19 harus selalu:
• Memakai masker
• Menjaga jarak dengan orang lain
• Mencuci tangan dengan sabun
• Memakai peralatan makan terpisah
• Rutin membersihkan ruangan
• Menghindari kontak dengan barang-barang yang kemungkinan terkontaminasi.
• Kemudian, diimbau juga untuk mengabarkan hasil tes kepada orang-orang yang pernah
berkontak erat dengan Anda selama setidaknya dua minggu terakhir.
• Hal terakhir yang tak kalah penting untuk dilakukan adalah menjaga kesehatan fisik
dan mental.
• Selama isolasi mandiri, pastikan Anda cukup istirahat, makan dan minum dengan
teratur, serta berolahraga ringan setiap hari.
• Dan juga mengkonsumsi obat-obatan yang baik untuk tubuh atau obat-obatan yang
dianjurkan dosisnya oleh dokter dan tidak dikonsumsi berlebihan.
Dan untuk mengatasi terjadinya penularan dapat perlu dilakukan adanya mengurangi kegiatan
yang tidak perlu serta melakukan pola hidup yang sehat ,mengkonsumsi hal yang dalam
pengembangan imun tubuh supaya mencegah dari terjadinya virus corona atau COVID 19.
Serta melakukan penerapan yang baik dari yang di anjurkan oleh pemerintah.
KESIMPULAN
Berdasarkan kategori WHO, SARS-CoV-2 varian Delta (B 1.167.2) telah masuk dalam
kelompok variant of concern (VOC). Varian ini telah teridentifikasi menyebabkan transmisi
dalam lingkup komunitas atau terdeteksi pada beberapa negara, dan telah terbukti
menyebabkan perubahan pada kemampuan transmisi, virulensi, dan gejala penyakit.
SARS-CoV-2 varian delta telah menyebar dan menyebabkan perubahan pada epidemiologi
pandemi COVID-19. Varian Delta diketahui memiliki kemampuan transmisi yang cepat dan
penghindaran kekebalan (neutralizing antibodies), baik dari riwayat infeksi maupun riwayat
vaksinasi COVID-19 sebelumnya.
Belum ada data yang cukup mengenai morbiditas dan mortalitas varian delta, tetapi varian ini
diketahui meningkatkan risiko kebutuhan rawat inap pasien COVID-19, dengan peningkatan
risiko pada pasien dengan komorbiditas. Saat ini, terdapat dua jenis vaksin yang memberikan
imunitas terhadap COVID-19 akibat varian delta, yaitu Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1) dan
Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2). Meskipun kedua vaksin tersebut tidak lebih efektif
dibandingkan mengurangi COVID-19 akibat varian lain.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
• https://www.alomedika.com/memahami-covid19-varian-delta
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaYafpirYDQ
• https://kesehatan.kontan.co.id/news/kenali-gejala-covid-19-varian-delta-dan-cara-
menangani-pasien-yang-terinfeksi?page=all
• https://www.kompas.com/tag/varian-delta
• https://health.detik.com/
• https://www.alodokter.com/mengenal-covid-19-varian-delta