Chapter 7 VAPOR PRESSURE Carl L. Yaws, Xiaoyan Lin, Li Bu, Deepa R. Balundgi, and Saumya Tripathi Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas ABSTRACT Results for vapor pressure as a function of temperature are presented for major organic. and inorganic chemicals. The coefficients in the equation for vapor pressure are displayed in easy-to-use tabulations that are especially applicable for rapid engineering usage with the personal computer or hand calculator. The chemicals encompass many compound types. INTRODUCTION Physical and thermodynamic property data such as vapor pressure are of special value to engineers in the chemical processing and petroleum refining industries. As en example, knowledge of the vapor pressure of the compound is required in the design of a storage vessel to contain the compound. In hazard analysis and vent system technology, vapor pressure at the specified temperature is important. In vapor-liquid operations, such as distilation, knowledge of vapor pressure (and actvily coefficients) is required for determining K-values. In this aticle, results for vapor pressure as a function of temperature are presented VAPOR PRESSURE CORRELATION The Antoine-type equation with extended terms was selected for correlation of vapor pressure as a function of temperature: logP=A+BIT +CloggT+DT+ET? 7-1) vapor pressure, mm Hg A,B, C, D, and E = regression coefficients for chemical compound femperature, K The results for vapor pressure are given in Tables 7-1 and 7-2. The temperature range for which the ‘equation may be used to predict vapor pressure is denoted by the respective minimum and maximum temperatures (TMIN and TMAX). The tabulation for organic compounds is applicable to a wide variety of substances: hydrocarbons (alkanes, olefins, acetylenes, cycloalkanes, aromatics, etc.), oxygenates (alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, ethers, glycols, anhydrides, etc.), halogenates (chlorinated, brominated, fluorinated, etc.),nitrogenates (nitries, amines, cyanates, amides, etc.), suifur compounds (mercaptans, sulfides, sulfates, etc.), silicon ‘compounds (silanes, chlorosilanes, etc.), and many other types. The tabulation for inorganic compounds provides coverage for a wide range of substances: carbon oxides (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc.), nitrogen oxides (nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, etc.) sulfur oxides (sulur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, ete.), hydrogen oxides (water, hydrogen peroxide, etc.), ammonias (ammonia, ‘ammonium hydroxide, etc.), hydrogen halides (hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, etc.), sulfur acids (sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfide, etc.), hydroxides (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), silicon halides (trichlorosilane, silicon tetrachloride, etc.), ureas (urea, thiourea, etc.), cyanides (hydrogen cyanide, ‘cyanogen chloride, etc.), hydrides (silane, diborane, efc.), sodium derivatives (sodium chloride, sodium fuoride, etc.), aluminum derivatives (aluminum borohydride, aluminum fluoride, etc.), and many other ‘compound types. Many elements (total = 82) are covered: hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, helium, argon, neon, Chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, sulfur, phosphorous, aluminum, lead, tin, mercury, sodium, magnesium, silicon, antimony, boron, iron, chromium, cobalt, titanium, tantalum, silver, gold, platinum, radon, uranium, ‘and many others In preparing the compilation, a literature search was conducted to identify data source publications for organics (1-41) and inorganics (1-61). Both experimental values for the property under consideration and parameter values for estimation of the property are included in the source publications. The publications were screened for appropriate data. The compilation resulting from the screening is based on both experimental dala and estimated values. In the absence of experimental data, estimates were primarily based on Riedel equation (29) and on adjusting the A value in the equation to match the boiling point temperature of the compound. The estimates of the other coefficients for the compound were based on the same values of the compound's brother (closest member of same chemical family). Experimental data and estimates were then regressed to provide the same equation forall compounds. ‘A comparison of calculated values and experimental data for vapor pressure is shown in Fig, 7-1 for where 159VAPOR PRESSURE EXAMPLES The tabulated values may be used for prediction and calculation of vapor pressure. Examples are given below. Example 1 Estimate the vapor pressure of methanol (CH40) at a temperature of 25.13 C (298.28 K). ‘Substitution of the coefficients from the table and temperature into the equation for vapor pressure yields log = 45.6171 -3.2447E+09/208.28-(1.3968E+01) (og (298.28) + (6.6965E-09) (296.28) -(1.0507E-13) (298.28°) 2.1034 Pam P= 126.88 mm Ho The calculated and data values compare favorably (126.88 vs 127.90, deviation = 0.80%). Example 2 Estimate the vapor pressure of acetone (C3H60) at a temperature of 47.35 C (320.50 K). ‘Substitution of the coefficients from the table and temperature into the equation for vapor pressure yields loajeP = 28.5884 - 2.46906 +09/320.50-(7.3510&+00) (0g (320.50) + (2.8025E-10) (320.50) + (2.7961E-06) (320.50") 2.7856 Pa soe P= 556.71 mm Ho ‘The calculated and data values compare favorably (556.71 vs 558.40, deviation = 0.30%). REFERENCES - ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 1:9, See REFERENCES - ORGANIC COMPOUNDS hn Chaplr 1 CRTICAL PROPERTIES AND ACENTRIC FACTOR 35, Zwolnsk, 8. J. and R._C. Wit RELATED COMPOUNDS. 36, Wilhot,R. C. and B. J. Zwolinsk, 5, American Chomtal Soi, Asc se of Phat, Naoal Breau of Sadar, New York NY (173) 37. Boublck, T., V. Fred and E. Hala, THE VAPOUR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES, 1st and 2nd eds., Elsevier, New York, NY (1975, 1984). 38. Ohe, S., COMPUTER AIDED DATA BOOK OF VAPOR PRESSURE, Data Book Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan (1976). 38. Howard, P.H. and W. M. Meylan, eds, HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1997). 40. Yaws, C. L, HANDBOOK OF VAPOR PRESSURE, Vols. 1,2, 3, and 4, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX (1984, 1994, 1984, 1995). 41 Yaws, C. L., HANDBOOK OF CHEMICAL COMPOUND DATA FOR PROCESS SAFETY, Guf Publishing Co., Houston, TX (1997). REFERENCES - INORGANIC COMPOUNDS 456, See REFERENCES - INORGANIC COMPOUNDS in Chapter 1, CRITICAL PROPERTIES AND ACENTRIC FACTOR ‘57. Dauber, T. E. and R. P. Danner, DATA COMPILATION OF PROPERTIES OF PURE COMPOUNDS, Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4, Supplements 1 and 2, DIPPR Project, AICHE, New York, NY (1985-1962). 158, Nesmeyanoy, A. N., VAPOR PRESSURE OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS, Elsevier, New York, NY (1963) 59, Boublick,T., V. Fred, and E. Hala, THE VAPOUR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES, 1st and 2nd eds. Elsevier, New York, NY (1975, 1984). 60. Ohe, S., COMPUTER AIDED DATA BOOK OF VAPOR PRESSURE, Data Book Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan (1976) 61. Hultgren, R., P. D, Desal, D. T. Hawkins, M. Gleiser, K. K Kelley, and D. D. Wagman, SELECTED VALUES OF THE "THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS, American Society for Metas, Metas Park, OH (1973). 160Vapor Pressure, mm Hg VAPOR PRESSURE Figure 7-1 Vapor Pressure 100000————= (C3H6O ACETONE 100: 10: -50 0 50 100 150 Temperature, C = data — equation 161 250Table 7-1 VAPOR PRESSURE - ORGANIC COMPOUNDS logy P=A+BMT+ClogyT+DT+ET (P -ram Hg, T-K) 3 [8 =| Tan | nae 1 'BRONOCALOROOFLUOROMETHINE —raraseae | ae aaVEae 00 66 2 — ‘Gteaevea | -12Hsee 2 | eaeaeos 30216) eoec0 = A 7GiE100 | tase-10 | 62569606 | 1056 | 04s [oe azisaeouo | -1eteset2 | Betaveoe | seaus | 400 areaesor | Yaaseon | ‘ayeaets | venoe 147120 = ‘sseso1_[-7.7asae-oz | Yoaere-oe| ease [22758 ‘ieaes00 | =1e48se-2-|-7Ast7E08 | 2% 20 | ene 0 = OOESO [xaseesor 8 tale “2aroserea Stoezrevea | -La7He-01 ees = -2mssev0n [13788601 SHo1e2 40800 “2as76E003 | 7 24096100 Sou2ie-06 | 26155 | sco "2at05eea | 7 S6665+00 sovaeos 17947 | aer00 | 750063 | 7161600 aasese os 17640 | 41625 | [-zoraoesos_ | -4.rree+oo {7686-06 15.35 Me THY. FLUORIDE — 20asH iuetHYL ODE SEE‘ FORMAN = S2e7eot rROWe ARE “arrese-09 (MEHL NTRITE — [METHYL OGHCORGSTANE ‘orozeoa [72608610 | seo. | 10255 4300 [Me HaNESULFONT=RCO- Szamesos | satreeo2 | Pevore-s [2281 | s6100 aos METHYL MERCAPTAN soe+00_| -assore-oe | tenets | 15010 | 40995 METHYL CHLOROSIANE [cisezsevor | sonzeto|-resraeae | 19005 | 4200 [Me THYLAKINE sssos_|-2z074evos {-aonteewoo | -27ezeett | asawe.s_| Voss | aoos saosee_|-17ieTevos [-1ameesor | aaetzeas | -11R7E [CARBON DIOXIDE Sure | sa9e03 | 17fieeae —Jeareon osutrioe —— - “Brvosevo | Saezoe.oo_| -1o1se-t¢ ——Joroworrirwvoroeravtene Sasi 00 13108 5 2 {2 1ROMOTETRAFLUOROE THANE 000 esate. 1628s [4877 [czcs —|OA.OROTRFLUOROETHVLENE “Saver | aszsses(usnrres_|v1500 [37915 {czcFs —[GhoROPeNTAFLLOROcTHANE ‘osmevor | aomee-o2 | 2abe7Eas [17371 | 35315 [Gacara |: 201GHLOROTETRAFLUOROE THANE! =powraevor | 12ute07 | tseree- Wo 5 [aes (cao [1.12 TRICMLOROTRFLUOROETHANE “aavrsevoo | assoess | aaeeas 70815 [4725 ico TETRACHLOROETHYLENE “sauraevoo_| st 1o8e-10_| pasroear_|25b@n_| 62000 [caciF@ [1.12 .7ETRAGHLOROOF LUGROETHANE Ziserevot | aose-o2 | 17a0reas 79 15 | 55100 ie20a0 | rResLoRONGET¥. CHLORIDE soroaevot | sossreor | tostteas [273.1% [som | [cao [HEXAGHLORGE THANE ses0e102 |= see0€ oF | BsC00e care ITETRAFLUOROETHVLENE [a rence | esote-o | sasste a6 | care HEXAFLUGROETHANE = ‘Basioewo | sarees | « [2CHLORO¥, DFLUOROETHVLENE [RICHLOROETHYLENE = ‘sorevot | 26026-02 Srosteven | seTsse-2 | sezsie ot | 21600 | sco 'RIFLUOROACETIC AIS (122 TETRABROWOETHANE {ss 201CHLOROETHYLENE [chuonoacer¥t cHLoADE ras 2DICHLOROETHYLENE CHL OROACE TALDEHYOE Svaeaeesat | 2 1ae-08 | 2 orzevat | 97500643 | GEigevo1 | 24am 02‘Table 7-1 VAPOR PRESSURE - ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (continued) oguP=A+MT+C logy T+ DT+ET (P-mm He, T=) 7 FoR Ta — c 3 wn 7 [eaiaca02 —GCHLORONCETCAC aes | SSVOSERS | STS] REE | See Bosse Taboo 0 eaiz0aF 1.11 UOALOROFLUOROETIANE Tazo [-zrweoras | Uarateo | asses [ose or oat | wor | 81 feaiaou 1. 1a-TeTRAGHORGETHANE sorta [-asordeses | Gre0se00 | “Larese- | toveze as 024 | enean 82 [eaigc ——[1..2a-TETRAGH ORE HARE ozs [eres |taseso1 | Ssreesa | Aoesse-os | 2595 [ato 5 estar? [1 -OFLUOROETHTLENE ‘Sao [-estrrews | Yaassewo | a7estear | fase a5 | 28 o as OF UOROETHENE sesoon[-zarstews | amseesor | «sorta? | 27PHc05 | 1515 = ane 2FLUOROETHONE soeeo | saratevs | Ssogesot | aan7rec2 | aves [W515 a oa TETRAFLUOROETOARE odor | 462503 | saeesso0 | zeene.o2 | azerreos [26 © reTeNE ‘ass 3ioeve) | 29700coo | ag01se-10 | sant | 12200 = IWR BROMGE Sruaast_| -tereves | #arTsstoo 13535 a vB. CHLORIDE asst asoree. |: CHORO- 1 OPLUOROETHRE ‘aaors_foraemes 48 TV CHLORDE Yoana | 3 78 oa | [oaLoRGACeTALDEROE [taza [saoate 300 feicoRonceric Aco. ‘eras [ sara 235i [METHYL CHLOROFORKATE zazre | asta 13 1200 To TRIGHLOROE THANE Tastee aetna arorseo6 | a276 Hsia TRICHLOROE THANE “Boreas este 06 | 23850 WN FLUORIDE ‘atmo Tare | ees 1, STRFLUOROETIONE ausesor sonst, TACETONITRLE ‘Sassen Baeme.oe | 2852 1 SOIROMOETIANE ‘sasea7 21095 Sssote-o7 | 20256 Srsase 06 176.18 zene | 20749 | Seette 06 t23t65 | {BIS(CHLORONETHYUETHER 1: DFLUOROE THANE [2 oaaesoo —fizorrwvonoe mane Posten taaaresea as ".01000e HARE fa tess | asevas [asesee InCETALOEHYOE | raraz|"Seazevoa iemviene oxbe seas anes HOACETICAGD— ‘axoows | sszsn0 Incene xc sven | aaron | some ames METHYL FORMATE uote | aauazeos [-rasaaesoo | T-aode-18 | 27oraeos | 015 THIACYELOPROPANE Sunez_[-zsrrsevs | 1atresot | taeneor | aareseos [a8 BROMO THANE Sasaie | reeves [-tommsesor | assi0e10 | samsoros [15485 | [ETHYL FLUORIDE. TTETHYL OE. aerest noe ‘asoHe'63 | te0ise os [25218 | et900 [OBIETHYLETHER 7aEt0 | 256206 | 13165 | 400 10 leTHanot_ a7use11 | a7eeie a7 venos | s1025 ‘ome HY SULFORIDE ‘poster | eaise-00 | 20167 | 48577 letHYLene GuvcoL 25732608 [ETHYL HERCAPTAN—— Srregesen | aase-t8 “Barreev0n | 1 sage-o8 [-Sastev00 | 284809 ASB0E+03 | 1026660" | 95760602 IHEXAFLUORGACETONE [OCTAFLUOROPROPANE 3se+03 | (aseroes IWALONONTRLE = ‘aezaesoa 7assoe IPROPARGYL CHLORIDE orev “aaszTe a2 [AGRYCONTRILE = “arvesewa | aotoievot | 3.147610 [2zues0g | ¢anHE og 13086 32 2S ee 0876-00 | BaBIEE 6 Stee i Ssa7E103 ‘e008 a4 ‘aovesewa | a7eusesoo | s2iie-oa | sarmeos 123075 | casos‘Table 7-1 VAPOR PRESSURE - ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (continued) loge P=A+BIT+ClogwT+DT+ET no FoRMT Tae z @ ¢. 2 5) [couo2 [Vi FORMATE isa Tareas reraror aaetos 160_|CaHser [BROW -PROPENE a7 amo a yoraecos | aoeaevor | 4ssase-02 361 [CaHECI_[ 2 HLOROPROPENE 760 | eH60E09 | F342IER0 | RIES 162 |CHSCI [3 GHLOROPROPENE as | A7orae08 | eoreae-ot | -7se7eE=8 163_|CHSCIO_ apne EPICHLOROHYORN ‘uves0_|-2antes~0s | Sezs7e-00 | -1,011e-10_| SsaB1Ea7 Te [GaHSCIo2—[METHVL GHLORONCETATE “aemecws | ‘isieecor | zesioear | 1aineeas [204 165_|C3Hscio2 [ETHYL GHLOROFORMATE “Sziseots | erasevoo | zoisoe 07 | 1a0806 05 | 18200 155 [CsHscls 1.23. TRICHLOROPROPANE {aAso1eros | ssseresoo | -1abvteo2 | rmozeo6 | 25045 17 [oast [31600-1PROPENE [ctvastevas-| awrevor | 22v7aeae | tees [at 15 18 [CaHSN—[PROPIONTRILE aavioewes [a renseveo | 2trrse-11 | 32766696 | 120 ‘60_[C3HSNO_— [ACRYLAMIDE Seaeoaeeas [1 riene+00_| 20063606 | 0004-10 | 3675 | s0-caHsNo—|avORACRYLONTRICE Sane [reasese a7 [20716 —_[eaueno ——|tAcTONTRLE zTe03 ‘oree-06_| 23908 472 |eawsN208 — [NTROGLYCERINE, [a zorevos ‘anieaear | 206 | [eae [ovoLoPRoPANE Saabs Bonen 0 | 14888 fea [PROPYLENE BE Sasaae. oe | e800 15 [cshsac —[-2018ROMOPROPARE Seseeesas | S2iseewot | 2umeaz | remies "78_[cawsc2 [2 201CHLOROPROPARE Siseszeves | 20007 | 34-09 1725636 125 [esiia 2 1GOQPROPANE “Sterzevot | srroze~02 | 2oari€0\ | a7ez2e05 [0S [ACETONE “aaenoe 08 [7 35106320 27SeTEI6 “2 [C9160 [ALLL ALCOROL “ausasevos | ara7e-00 [iste 8263460 [METHYL VINYL ETHER ‘81 [osi60__[nrnoniountenvoe— BOROPYLENE OHDE. [HS PROPYLENE OXIDE [ETHYL FORMATE. [METHYL ACETATE PROPIONC ACD 0825695 EE Ssoaseos [sveasevas | sara -0 soso s |S Se8600 | “pests | ster Sarees | Waser ‘ovsteos “Bsaene3 [00600 Brute “erases [osteo | S.OWE TT [ SSO. OF nese | TSE. | 1380603 | s0o1ea7 'S MERCAPTOPROPIONIC AC ‘leee[-7aNTESOa | ATiaE009 | -1SS7EE-De | Eew-od (Micro AC [arowse | sosstevos | aazmevor | 4217ee02 | zoavoe5 IMETHOXWACETICAG ioiat [roasts | sraceior | araton | eso oe THACYCLOBUTANE ‘Saos6 | 3sH6rewis | 1atStew! | 1o1eEa2 | 6020606 "-BROMGPROPANE “Sau |-centsecoa | Santveves | a 7orse2 | L7u7TEs | wens [2BROUOPROPANE 313082 |-24ezvewts_|-84e4sev00 | 1etsbe-10_| 3.7ecHe-os | 146 ISOPROPYL CHLORIDE [vis asn_| servocvos | «ztaTevor | zsemoeaz_|-oasose 1215557 PROPYL CHLORIDE 325 | 248505 LUGROPROPANE ot | Sacosea2 | -taetse-o5 [2816 [2=VOROPROPANE mi asr0E+00 | s.i910e-02 | 247OEaS | 22h 16 —|isoPROPr. Owe. | aniee-10_| ssoueae | 088 in PROPYL IOOIDE — - “Zones [St aerresoa | rereoea6 [17188 —jattwuanane 20506103 sesreea2 | 1190 (PROPYLENERINE 708 Siaente a2 'NaLOMETHYLFORUAMDE 208003 csssee.02 | awe THACETANDE Somes | Lanier | 2aMea? [ssnoenonane “asses | araewon | “7306-02 | ISOPROPYL NITRATE - Rorane 22 —soROP OT “Sbsraes09 1001-0" 23 |caigo_eTHv ETHYL ETHER “Suontevs | sH526-01 21_[ca¥80mPROPANOL “Suemiesoo | -75rse-0 {EME OKYETHANOL “raaies00 | SStSE-0T wena dse-oa | aeTete-0 1 2PROPYLENE GLYCOL “Booonerea | -asT0e20r | 1. SPROPYLENE GLYCOL tatoo ‘arveeroe [sss ts In ROPYINERCAPTON isso russe ISopRoPv. weRcAPTAN [ssa -asoneaa Beerrestt IETIVLAETHYLSULFo! ae soon ss ‘eOROPYINE | an | aaevnn | server | eet ISoPRoPviasNe ‘yin amssresos [1 7avresor | Sosmseas rerun — ‘sor | anasoevos | ameoesor | 13:Stea? 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ACETATE zp | bacon | tstslear | tawseos imo [630 {o0_|Cunto NETH. PROPIONATE -Beowses00 (ASE | BozTOEo¢ | e508 | S080 om =a eon genie os | roan 3:0 are [asec [1 [taaieeso 16078 | 700 | a [owner — [serneo [Soe on [to125 | sro 3a oc “bossre Suice 1008 [7