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IX – EXECUTION PLAN
[Insulation Method Statement – 2 of 5]
This document is uncontrolled when printed. The “controlled copy” is the screen version.
NLNG INSULATION MAINTENANCE WORKS
1.0 OVERVIEW 3
1.1 Scope 3
1.2 Reference Standards 3
1.3 Definitions 4
This Method Statement defines standard general requirements for materials, equipment,
fabrication, installation and quality control as well as HSE aspects for all Insulation System
application works on Piping, Flanges, Valves and Equipment. Industry standard workmanlike
techniques to be applied and correct work practise in line with established Project HSES
and Quality Control Plan.
1.1 SCOPE
The scope of this Method Statement covers Cold/Cryogenic and Sub Zero Service applications,
which pertains to generically external surfaces of piping and equipment [vessels, tanks, spheres
etc.] having operating temperature below ambient temperature. Hot and fire protection
insulation or above ambient temperatures are not covered in this procedure. The purpose is to
specify the general sequence of operations as a guide for the skilled execution of Pipes and
Equipment Insulation within the two-trains and associated utilities of Nigeria LNG Project located
within the Bonny Island of Nigeria.
With respect to Project requirements, the following referenced documents shall to the extent
specified herein, form a part of the standards that would be used as guidelines:
ASTM Standard
C 450 Standard Practices for Field Fabrication of thermal Insulation
C 552 Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation
C 591 Standard Specification for Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Insulation
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1.3 DEFINITIONS
For interpretation of terms used in this document, the following definitions apply:
TERM DEFINITION
INSULATION System designed to prevent heat loss or gain and/or limiting noise levels
PIPING Pipe systems including fittings, flanges, valves and in-line components
Vapour Barrier Material or system that impedes the transmission of water vapour
PIR Polyisocyanurate
CG Cellular Glass
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2.0 DESIGN CRITERIA
Designs shall be based on operating conditions specific to the relevant equipment package and
process parameters related to piping and equipment which are detailed by CONTRACTOR on
approved P&ID’s, isometrics and equipment data sheets specific to the Project.
The liquefaction and storage of cryogenic media such as LNG (-196°C) requires high-
performance insulation systems. Parameters such as thermal stresses, vibrations and required
safety provisions have to be considered when engineering and installing cold insulation systems
for these applications.
Cold or cryogenic service temperatures can cause dimensional channel changes leading to
warping of the insulation on the pipe, leaving gaps. In concert with high humidity, this can promote
moisture entry that will promote ice buildup.
The key point to remember in LNG and other cryogenic applications is to start with an insulation
product of low permeability. As stated above, additional considerations include dimensional
stability, compressive strength, and combustibility of the insulation material. Compatibility of
accessory products is also important for long-term system performance.
It stands to reason that with these plants existing in humid climates, the need for moisture vapour
transmission (MVT) resistance is paramount. MVT can be excessive in these design conditions.
The pipe or vessel may be at a continuous operating temperature of nearly -270°F (-168°C), and
the ambient conditions are at 90°F (32°C) or more with humidity of 90 percent. In these conditions,
the opportunity for moisture to be driven into the insulation is at its highest possible level.
The associated piping on the LNG plant should be insulated with a closed cell foam insulation.
Polyisocyanurate insulation and cellular glass insulation are the predominant insulation types used
in low temperature applications. Low permeability is a key insulation property for this and all below-
ambient services. The use of ‘0’ perm closed cell insulation with joints sealed creates an
impermeable insulation system. The insulation system itself becomes the primary vapor retarder.
Pipe insulation for LNG systems can be applied in multiple layers. Typically, inner layers of
insulation are applied “dry” (without joint sealant); the outermost layer is applied with all joints
sealed. All joints in successive layers are staggered from those of the first layer. A secondary
vapor retarder is installed over the insulation, and metal jacketing is usually applied over all to
complete the system.
With the above factors and considerations in mind, we shall carefully harness the right material
specs with proven fabrication and installation procedure such that the LNG insulation system
performance would be in sufficiency to meet client project requirements.
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2.2 Insulation Code
Within this Class of Cold Service Insulation, the lines for insulation shall be captured on the
designated Line List, P&ID and detailed construction drawing or isometrics complete with
releavant insulation thickness.
Insulation
Code Type Description
Cold Conservation and To minimize the heat ingress or gain into process operating
CC
Condensation Control temperature ranging from 210C down to -1960C
Regeneration Service For cyclic service with temperature cycles from below 210C to
RS
above 1100C
3.1 General
All materials shall be new and not previously used. All insulation materials shall be stored, mixed,
thinned and applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s printed instructions. Materials showing
any evidence of containing mositure or contamination shall not be used. Insulation materials for
piping and equipment shall be suitable for application and operation within their temperature
range and be in compliance with the project requirement.
Outlined below are some of the Cold insulation materials and ancillaries::
Materials
Polyisocyanurate [PIR] Preformed Pipe Sections
Polyurethane Foam [PUF]
Cellular Glass Shells
Glass Fibre Blanket
Vapour Barrier Mastic Coating
Vapour Barrier Reinforcing Membrane
Aluminium Steel Sheet ASTM B209/B209M
Drain plugs
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Ancillaries
Glass reinforced filament tape
Stainless Steel Springs
Stainless Steel Bands
Stainless Steel Band Seals
RTV Silicone Sealant
Butyl-based Adhesive
Stainless Steel Screws
Stainless Steel Band Clips
Stainless Steel Clamps and Bolts
Stainless Steel Lever Locking device
RTV silicone sealant shall be remain flexible through a relevant temperature range [-520C to
2600C] and shall be clear in color. Reinforced fibre glass tape shall be 3mm thick. Tapes for
insulation fastening shall be 3M Company 25mm wide reinforced glass filament tape.
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3.2.4 Vapour Barrier Coatings
The primary vapour barrier coating mastic for PIR and PUR to be applied on the outer layer shall
be white for first coat and gray for intermediate coat. Mastic service temperature range from -
400C to 1210C with a water vapour permeance of 0.0066 metric perm and flash point of 43.30C.
Reinforcing Membrane for vapour retardant mastic shall be a synthetic fabric with a maximum of
8x8 mesh density.
All metal accessories [tapes, bands, seals, screws, rivets etc.] shall be austenitic stainless steel.
Tape to secure insulation shall be a minimum of 25mm reinforced filament tape.
Banding shall be stainless steel type 304 with sizes furnished to 13mm [1/2”] wide by 0.5mm thick
or 19mm [3/4”] wide by 0.5mm thick. Band seals shall be austenitic stainless steel type 316.
Sheet metal screws for securing cladding sheet overlaps shall be stainless steel type 304 while
sheet metal screws for fastening sheet to structure shall be stainless steel.
Smooth and flat jacketing shall be used for all piping, flanges and valves and equipment
applications except for vertical shells or tank side walls exceeding 30 inches. On such vertical
equipment exceeding 30 inches, jacketing to be furnished shall be corrugated sheet of 32mm x
6mm.
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4.0 COLD INSULATION INSTALLATION
4.1 General Insulation Application Requirements
Insulation works shall be carried out safely in accordance with the standard practices of insulation
application and particulary in line with the project requirements. The final job shall present a neat,
efficient and modern workmanlike appearance.
Insulation shall not be installed on unpainted surfaces unless expressly approved in signing by
CONTRACTOR. Carbon steel, low alloy and 300 series or austenitic stainless steel piping
and equipment require protective coating as specified strictly in the Project painting specification
NG-TTE-CC-SPC-00001, Painting Requirement for Piping, Equipment and Structures; before
insulation. Where coatings are applied any coating repairs or touch-up painting required shall be
performed strictly in accordance with this painting specification prior to the commencement of
insulation application.
All hydrostatic or pneumatic tests on piping and equipment, including steam tracing system where
applicable, should have been carried out before insulating material is applied. Insulation shall only
commence in those sections of the plant that have been specifically released for such work.
Insulation application may proceed prior to hydrostatic testing, in which case, insulation
shall terminate a suitable distance before and after welded and flange joints, and sealed against
water ingress and also protected from mechanical damage which may be caused by other trades
and during subsequent testing.
No insulation works will commence without the CONTRACTOR issuing release for insulation. No
work shall be carried out during rain except under shelter or in a controlled atmosphere.
Definitely before application of insulation, all surfaces must be cleaned to remove loose scale and
debris or even grease and foreign matter. Appropriate cleaning shall be accomplished by water
washing or solvent cleaning as in SSPC SP1 guidelines.
Discontinued insulation work shall be properly covered to avoid damage and ingress of water to
the insulation. Insulation ought to be kept clean and dry. All insulation materials shall be protected
from rain and moisture.
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4.2 Piping and Fittings Insulation for Cold Service
Preformed concentric PIR or PUF sections are to be used in the insulation of cold service
substrate. Joints of concentric insulation sections be closely fitted together to avoid thermal
bridging. Insulation edges shall be rubbed together or trimmed to as much as possible to produce
tight, uniform joints.
The piping insulation protective metal sheeting finishing shall provide a weather-proofed and
mechanical damage resistant covering over the whole of the insulated areas and be applied and
fitted in such a manner as provide a close fitting assembly.
Straight pipe shall have metal cladding cut and machined rolled and grooved (approx. 1 meter
long) jacketed around insulation, with about 50mm minimum overlaps. All laps shall be arranged
to shed water. Weather-proofing is a crucial aspect of Insulation in order to avoid CUI. Corrosion
under Insulation results from water ingress. To prevent such, silicone sealants is to be applied
neatly at necessary overlaps or cladding joints.
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4.2.1 Lagging Application
Lagging Sequence for Straight Piping:
Ensure piping surface cleaning done. Surface to be dry and free of debris. Use cloth to wipe
surface if necessary.
Apply PIR lagging material of size equivalent to piping outer diameter to the pipe surface.
For single layer application, preformed pipe PIR shall be applied such that longitudinal joints
are staggered. Where multi-layer application is required, all joints in the outer layer shall be
staggered to offset with the inner layers.
Bind PIR on piping using glass reinforced filament tape [for pipe sizes under or up to 12”] or
stainless steel bands [13mm bands for pipe sizes from 12” to 30”, and then 19mm bands
for pipe sizes above 30” ] with about 300mm pitch.
Ensure close fit of PIR on the pipe and on layers. Each layer of insulation shall be held in
place separately.
Insulation shall be stopped short of flanged joints and unions by a sufficient distance [space
by length of bold + 25mm] to permit easy removal of the flange nuts and bolts without
disturbance to or damage of the insulating material.
For vertical piping, insulation the support ring shall be installed directly above all elbows or
tees, flanges or flanged valves. Additional support to be installed at every 5425 mm of
uninterrupted length.
Apply PIR cut into segments corresponding to the angle curvature of the surface.
Use filament tape or bands depending on the diameter of the pipe, to secure PIR segments
on the elbow.
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Multiple layers of PIR shall be applied on elbows as necessary depending on the insulation
thickness
Apply PIR cut into portions formed to fit around the shape of the surface.
Use filament tape or bands depending on the pipe diameter, to secure PIR segments on the
surface.
Multiple layers of PIR shall be applied as necessary depending on the insulation thickness.
In order to make the cold/cryogenic insulation system impermeable or to checkmate water vapour
transmission, primary and/or secondary vapour barrier would be applied on the surface of the PIR
or Foamglas insulation on cold insulated surfaces.
Vapour barrier material for application between the outermost layer of insulation and the
preceding layer of Polyisocyanurate (in multiple layer construction) foam shall be a lamination of
12μm polyester film / 25 μm aluminium foil / 12 μm polyester film. The foil shall be supplied in rolls
1000mm wide, to be joined with a self-adhesive tape of a similar construction. Alternative self-
adhesive butyl rubber – aluminium compound type vapour barrier membrane materials may be
considered for application on straight cylindrical surfaces.
Primary vapour barrier material shall protect the insulation from ultraviolet radiation
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4.2.3 Cladding Installation
Overlay fabricated metal sheet around the lagged surface. Successive joints shall be offset
from each other in a staggered format.
Laps and Overlaps shall be oriented so as to shed water. All circumferential overlaps shall be
banded.
Each section of metal covering on vertical piping with insulation OD’s larger than 250mm shall
be supported from the next lower section with stainless steel ‘S’ clips fabricated from banding
material. The ‘S’ clips shall be of sufficient length to allow the minimum overlap of 50mm.
On vertical piping with insulation OD’s of 18” and larger, the secure bands shall be supported
by ‘J’ clips fabricated from banding material. The ‘J’ clip spacing shall be a minimum of two
per band. All ‘J’ clip shall be screwed into position securely.
The metal elbow units shall be bound firm and positioned in such manner to achieve
prevention of water ingress.
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Cladding Sequence for Tees and Fittings:
Position fabricated sheet portions patterned correspondingly around the insulated tee.
Valves in cryogenic service are fabricated to be removable and will have extended bonnets/shafts
of sufficient length to allow at least the full insulation thickness to be applied above the yoke flange.
Insulation for valves without extended bonnets shall be carried above the yoke flange and cut
back as required in order to leave the valve yoke and gland free of insulation. Valve box to be
arranged in a way as to shed water. The termination of the insulation shall be coated with vapour
stop and further reinforced with vapour retardant mastic.
Valves to be insulated shall be covered with the exception of the valve wheel arrangement.
Insulation covers shall overlap and totally enclose the ends of adjourning piping insulation.
Valves and flanged joints insulated with removable covers are to be held in position with bands or
quick release toggle clips. Rivets shall be used to attach the toggle clips to the box. Sealant is to
be applied at the end of the boxes.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall trial-fit removable covers, including notching and proper fit-up for
tracers, etc., and install covers loosely on the flanged component immediately prior to turnover.
Insulation of Vessels for Cold Service is applied using foamglas. Foamglas shells shall be laid
to fit the equipment contours using the minimum number of insulating units. Insulation blankets
shall be applied with the retaining wire mesh exposed on the outside. The edges of blankets shall
be well butted up to each other and laced together with stainless steel or galvanized wire and
secured firmly to the vessel with circumferential bands of 19mm taking out slack.
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On flat surfaces, flat shells/blocks/slabs shall be applied by impaling them over the insulation
support pins, welded perpendicular to the surface of the equipment provided by vessel
manufacturer or CONTRACTOR. The extending ends of the pins shall then be bent upward at
right angles and pressed into the blanket. The edges of blankets shall be tightly butted and laced
together with stainless steel or galvanized wire. Where more than one layer of insulation is
applied, securing bands of the layers shall not coincide with each other. All joints in successive
layer shall be staggered.
Insulation blocks for vessel heads shall be cut to fit the contour of vessel head. All blocks shall be
fitted tightly to eliminate gaps and voids. For top head of vertical equipment and both ends of
horizontal equipment, Insulation on heads shall be secured by radial bands from a floating ring
centered at the crown of the head and tied to a circumferential band placed approx 300 mm
inside the tangent line on insulation O.D. The floating ring shall not contact nozzles or any other
protruding metal.
For bottom heads, in all skirt supported vessels, insulation supports are provided inside the skirt
as indicated in the equipment drawings. Floating rings or wire loops around the nozzle and bands
may be used to support downward facing of insulation. Such a floating ring shall be supported
from the lagging support ring fixed inside the skirt. Blanket shall be shaped and secured on to the
head by means of bands stretched across the floating ring and insulation support rings.
Code or other nameplates shall not be covered by permanent insulation. When insulation is
specified for equipment, flanged vessel heads, flanged heat exchanger channels, covers, bonnets
and tube sheets shall be insulated with the same insulation as adjacent shell.
Horizontal cylindrical equipment shall be finished with metal cladding arranged in circumferential
bands with the longer dimension applied around the circumference of the equipment insulation.
The panel shall have about 80mm overlap on both longitudinal and circumferential edges, both
overlaps being finished with a simple ball swage and rendered watertight with a metal seam sealer
applied between overlapping metal edges.
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The panels shall be applied commencing at the bottom of the equipment. Each circumferential
ring of panels shall be tensioned by means of temporary tensioning bands until the final joint is
screwed tight. The overlaps shall be arranged to shed water at all times. Overlaps shall be secured
with bands.
The protective weather-proof cladding over vertical equipment shells shall be constructed of
rectangular sheet metal panels applied in a “wallpaper” pattern with the short width of panel in a
circumferential direction parallel to the equipment insulation support rings and the longer length
of panel in a parallel direction to the equipment center line.
Projections from the heads shall be sealed using metal flashing neatly cut to fit around the
projections and extending over the cladding for about 75mm.
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5.0 SAFETY AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
▪ All Personnel involved in the Insulation works whether directly or indirectly shall undergo
HSE Induction.
▪ All permits to work (as applicable) shall be obtained prior to commencing insulation tasks.
▪ All the persons involved shall be briefed for health hazard and shall be provided with
required PPE.
▪ Toolbox talks shall precede commencement of daily insulation tasks.
▪ Insulation work area shall be barricaded using warning tapes. Copies of MSDS are to be
maintained on site work area.
▪ Routine housekeeping. All scrap materials and construction debris resulting from insulation
work shall be segregated and container stored and to be removed from site on a regular
basis.
Quality control records and Acceptance Reports will be submitted and maintained as portions of
the work are completed. Inspection will be performed and attention given accordance with
INSULATION.
▪ The SUBCONTRACTOR Quality Department is responsible for ensuring that all materials
as delivered to site are of the correct type and in good condition. If there is any variation,
he must consult with the CONTRACTOR and/or manufacturer for clarification. The QC
should produce materials quality control documents, indicating inspection of each delivery
to determine acceptance. This sheet is to be made available to CONTRACTOR on request.
▪ All materials, fabrication, and installation work are subject to inspection by the
CONTRACTOR and/or COMPANY representative.
▪ Once materials are accepted into store at site, the QC is responsible for ensuring that they
are stored in suitable conditions and are used within their prescribed storage life (where
applicable).
▪ Temporary warehouse facilities will be considered adequate protection during working
hours provided the materials are off the ground and are not subjected to damage.
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▪ Insulation materials removed from storage shall be applied the same day and no
unprotected insulation shall remain on the job site overnight.
▪ Mastics, adhesives, sealers and other materials furnished in a liquid state shall be stored
indoors and within temperature ranges required by the material manufacturer.
▪ Every precaution shall be taken to see that each day's work has permanent weather
protection applied before the conclusion of work. Where this is impractical, temporary
weather protection shall be provided.
▪ Insulation, which becomes wet due to lack of or inadequate weather protection, either
temporary or permanent, shall be removed and replaced with dry insulation. Wet insulation
shall be discarded and not reused.
▪ Damage to insulation weather jacketing shall be repaired as soon as possible if the damage
could result in additional damage to the insulation due to water leakage into the system.
▪ The QC Department should have on site at least 2 persons who have introductory
experience in the application techniques of insulation.
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6.0 PROJECT COORDINATION AND CONTROL
A key factor integral to achieving project targets and goals, besides technical proficiency is the
need for effective and consistent administration and management. Thus besides the Project
Director who may be offsite at the base headquaters, other departments on site have to function
optimally.
Departments such as Construction Management, HSES and QA/QC are necessary to achieving
project milestones. Outlined beneath are a few key personnel and their respective role on the
project team.
Site Supervisor reports to the Project Manager and performs the following duties:
• Conduct JHA discussions and Toolbox Talks and coordinate all foremen in each work area.
• Continually monitor activities and work areas to ensure implementation of all HSE
interventions.
• Verify, inspect, witness and monitor for conformance with specifications, those activities
assigned on subcontractor Inspection and Test Plans and Checklists.
• Ensure all materials are stored and protected from deterioration and damage.
• Initiate action to prevent the occurrence of non-conformances relating to the work process
and product.
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• Direct corrective actions. This may involve stopping a work process until corrective action is
approved.
Reports to the Head Office QA/QC Manager and liaise with Contractor QC Personnel for
line release and quality reports. Other responsibilities of the QA/QC Personnel are:
• The QC Officer will continuously monitor the activities to ensure that all components
indicated on the approved drawings have been installed and that the installation is in
accordance with the contract requirements and manufacturers recommendation.
• Day to day reporting to the Site Manager or Project Manager.
• Liaise with Contractor QC to ensure adherence with specifications and inspection and
quality performance.
• Identify and record any problems relating to the product, process and quality system.
• Direct corrective actions.
The Safety Officer reports to the Contractor Safety Manager, liaise with the Site Manager. The
responsibilities of the Safety Supervisor includes but not limited to the following:
• Ensure, check and monitor all personnel on site are adhering to Company safety standards.
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