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Frugal innovations though similar in terms of value emphasis can have substantially different objectives. The end outcome of lean innovation need not be a low cost product ‘Also to have a successful game changing disruptive innovation, more than just an efficient ‘management of the innovation process is required. Frugal innovation therefore includes all the features of the various concepts like “Jugaad”, “Grassroots innovations” and “Bottom of the Pyramid” and “Inclusive Innovations”. It can thus be seen as platform to bring all these various concepts under one roof. 1.1.8. Role of Innovation in Industry and Organisation — Innovation is a significant factor for the organisation to achieve the competitive advantage. The ‘organisation which brings innovation in its processes is able to stay alive in the long run. Elements of innovation such as resources and skills, motivation and empowerment of employees, and proper training help to bring out innovative and quality products. 1) Leads Competitive Advantage in the Market: As mentioned above, the market nowadays is quite dynamic and volatile in nature. And the main reasons behind the same are the eve"-growing, Competition from the new as well as the established players in the market, evolving tastes of the feustomers, and the changing norms and polices of the government. Hence, in to successfully Survive and thrive in the competitive market, it is essential for the brands to come up with the product and services offerings that are high on the aspect of innovation giving the brand the much ‘required competitive advantage. 2) Bring Loyal Customers: One of the most difficult tasks for the brands in the market is to retain the long list of loyal customers and keep on adding to the list. And that is only possible when the brands are able to solve their pain and problem areas with the product and service Offerings that are new, novel, and innovative. Hence, itis very crucial for the brands to realise the Importance of Innovation to keep their cash registers ringing and profits elevated by keeping the customers happy and satisfied 3) Creating Unique Selling Proposition: If we conduct market research that can be of primary for secondary nature, we will figure out that each and every successful brand has a unique Selling proposition. And that is their intellectual property and works as an inspiration for their contemporaries in the market, And the unique selling proposition can be arrived and derived on the basis of innovation, And once the brand’s USP is hit amongst the target audience and they are accepting the same with the open arms, there is literally no looking back for the brand, And itis the aspect of realising the Importance of Innovation that has given the brand's its Lunique selling proposition.‘suonennts pur sons. snbiun Gru .qass2}98 JO DURE 30 So Patiosar a4 Pinoys fut svopr otrudoudde foul sessedusooud 1 sey Giantals “asi ep swoSAN9 jo sopou! SO. 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Wuuio9 roy sueauu se Jo 1480 iyoear ut sJoud ut 50220084) adenufy people to engage WN" oh activities 4) engage in a range of ethnographic research att see Nelo of Tart gunde the creation PM 5) develop Points of view oF stones C: Create . h. the Create echool's S-stage sage Similar to the Ideate and Prototype phases Lk ving trough making. It involves men ae the problem t0 CO-CTEale Soha, | concemed with exploration, exper fractal areas of cuploraton and thon engaging chose closes! allows design teams to maintain the empathy during Gut poeta problematic assumptions made BY 1) Highlight Oppertunities to explore from sia 2), Reeerutt participants for the co-desig task from # 4) Maintain awareness of sensitivities by avonding jaxigements 4) Encouraging storytelling and expression 5) Facilitate action onentated creation of tangible solution D: Deliver ‘The Deliver phase of the HCD process is centred around logistical implementat ne ectaciee wtuch may etist when rolling out a solution within the required contest. Tix colutom: amved at may provide a functional patch to a problem, getting by in communoe + Dypaseing any other roadblocks o@ the path of implementation 1s essential for the press + and ove completed successfully 1.4.6. Design Thinking Tools and Techniques ‘There are countless tools and techniques to address design thinking. Some of them are as followsE The business model (BM) innovation #8 about exploring ‘so define what the BM actualy ental. The Business Nou ca ‘of handling a BM and related economic, operational 1 Pop shale portance of das creative team, Design thinking has Been Mente onan tants among businesses Following atthe importance of desian thinking fr gs 2) Mis ) Callaboration: Good design is collaborative. It draws inspiration from everywhere includ, 7 thingy gid surrounding communities ~ and asks for fesdback from a whole team, Tes unking stratezy proposes the same kind of idea in an approach to all the challenges ae, sales struggle with customer retention. design strategy encourages slererpis rate wside of sales strategies to develop new techniques and ideas to Understand feet ‘make improvements 3) Shor Scistoraton means engaging with people with dtferent perspectives and potentially dewey rd fv ea problems. Some tines pape eal ins valcke er Te of dese {thinking influence leads 1o strategic innovation company wide ign thinking is that it is focused on the end-user. Whede © D® ‘or new project management process, defining who willt One e Fama ble; when exccutives think about employee benefits and perks, they cannot think of) 2, from 4 financial or operations standpoint like many executives in most Business steaion ae Anan ‘mus think about i from the employee's viewpoint and how it wll affect theme he woo San (Designers are used wo pitching work to clients or marketers who tum it down or reqs inh Ghanges for whatever reason. This kind of “produce and change” mentality can bonett beaecee, chi iy aiber ways. Designers pursue ther ideas and accept input along the way to help ther ano tee shape and become filly raled, This is incredibly wel im snes ee cae shin iter Sing cares or shee an ting dak cn es cn) Ball tra a ig breakthroughs and beter ways of doing things ~from executive leadersip deciooat Either pe stay, Gown {0 customer service and call centre procedures. It also keeps tecinexcs tre PO cy into solutions that ultimately would not work, because it he? STEAD’ and encourages the business leaders and strategy developers o™ 2 ‘that input in their process. For in © Reoued Mort Sommtins, cing challenges can te suessfal tothe enite organs fF ‘Changing and re-structuring can be even more stressful, Having a design Wiekine needa © remind both businesses and individuals that the solutions are there and help them focus on ho#® ©) Design find them. This can be encouraging and support ve ofthe business, Design eae ne esc hae Some Mines, especially those that are ued to waste! owen process-focused methods. But sa Innovations that were not previously thought of or even Fier like visualsations,journey-mapping, storytelling, and rapid protetyping previous potential and advance into something new.ral data or market research done by someone else. This approach brings om a human point of view with what is technologically possible and economically viable. a fast way. The focus the user. According to mn is the key driver of progress in everything, from future technology to the manufacturig sector to healthcare and all else besides. Without innovation, progress would stall and the world woal grind to a in terms of development and improvement. One of the most frequent Overiooked ly important elements of innovation is design. When it comes to both produ and sé ltermines how the end-user will experience, interact with an generally respond to what n offer, As such. design will play a role in determining whi will be purchased and % spent on it, what will become high-demand, what will deemed ess Actually getting it right with design is about so much more 4 process of identifyin or audience in que orming ideas. Instead, inderstanding the needs of the us working backward — the need ! identified, after wl designed. A design mind-set focuses on solutions rather ths problems, dreaming about what could be and how to bring about beneficial outcomes Bosh dest thinking and innovation use the same methods — use mindsets, methods and toola: Ta reso ‘we usually call this customer-centric. In inking, we call it user-centric. So by taking t apart, we can see how they relate. 15.2, Implementing the Design Thinking Process in Driving Innovation Design Thinking Process oe Design Think 1) Empathis the problem experiences and can gain a deeper pes centered design proces their own assum inford: aan empathic understanding! id out more about ® to understand3) 4) [Learn above serethough| | nigh [= eden the ober "Fiore 3 Design Fnking Proce Depending on time constraints, a substantial amount of information is gathered at this stage to use during the next stage and to develop the best possible understanding of the users, their needs, and the problems that underlie the development of that particular product. Define (the Problem): During the Define stage, itis required to put together the information that has been created and gathered during the Empathise stage. This is where the observations are analysed and synthesised in order to define the core problems that the team have identified Up to this point. One should seek to define the problem as a problem statement in a humman- centred manner. ‘The Define stage will help the designers in the team gather great ideas to establish features, functions, and any other elements that will allow them to solve the problems or, at the very least, allow users to resolve issues themselves with the minimum of difficulty. In the Define stage the team starts to progress to the third stage, Ideate, by asking questions which can help to look for ideas for solutions, Ideate: During the third stage of the Design Thinking process, designers are ready to start ‘generating ideas. Once the team understands the users and their needs in the Empathise stage, and it analyses and synthesises the observations in the Define stage, and ends up with a human- ‘centered problem statement. With this solid background, the stratepist and the team members can start to “think outside the tox" to identify new solutions to the problem statement created, and ean start to look for alternative ways of viewing the problem. There are hundreds of Ideation techniques such as Brainstorm, Brainvrite, Worst Possible Idea, andl SCAMPER Prototype: The design team will now produce a number of inexpensive, sealed down versions of the product or specific features found within the product, so they can investigate the problem Solutions generated in the previous stage. Prototypes may be shared and tested within the team, itself, in other departments, or on a small group of people outside the design team, This is an experimental phase, and the aim is to identify the best possible solution for each of the problems identified during the first three stages. The solutions are implemented within the prototypes, and, one by one, they are investigated and cither accepted, improved and re-examined, or rejected on the basis of the users’ experiences. BY the end of this stage, the design team will have a better idea of the constraints inherent to the product and the problems that are present, and have a clearer view of how real users would behave, ‘think, and fee! when interacting with the end product.158. Difference The eiferece bet mn can be explained as folows: Basis Difference Definition Tanovation ton is commonly defined a ie . “carrying out of new combinations that include "the introduction of ney ‘Ro0ds, new methods of production, the opening of new m: of new so carrying out any industry. | Innovation works with measuring ‘more than design and thinking make an innovation, bout measuring benefit. long as we are design 5) Result ‘Thinking is an obj | for thinking and acting th | 10 the end result estve method | Innovation is deelyved-up wit Be at is noted up | end result 1.6.1, Short Answer Type Questions 1) Whats innovation? 2) Define ereatviy, 3) Enlstthe characterises of creative thinking im industry and organisation (6) Enumerate any two differences between des ign thinking and innovation, 1) State any wo tene rate thinking Long Answer Type Questions ovation proc sources of innovation, king process is implemented to derive| UNIT 2 | Design Thinking Exercises and W.¢kshop —————_—_— 2.4. DESIGN THINKING EXERCISES - AN EXERChe inj DESIGN THINKING software ‘development, ha becoming real products. terms, an issue area, a user group as well as the wider organis challenge exists 2.1.2. Types of Design Thinking Exercises ‘The various types of design thinking exercises ae as follows: [Types of Design Thinking Exercises tap into six diffe ‘a powerful decision-che Six Thinking Hats ‘egarded as the leadi direct teaching of thinunderstanding of how the bran handles information. ¥et thy Te Rome metas ae eae by people ofall ages and professions : mg Hat system helps to take control of Iife once and for all. Throuyy plana aae er process it never feels the need (0 g1¥¢ UP searching for an ideal soluts plementation of problem or circumstances king Hats represents a different direction or type of thinking, which is identifeg fee the hats in a sequence, one after another, allows examining a problem thoroughly, The pag uces confusion and keeps thinking on track. The Six Hats techniques help to clarify the ‘thinking so we have a thorough understanding of the problem. which will help to manage Mss efficiently as possible ‘pes of Thinking Hats ‘The six thinking hats are as follows: Information Procesr ~\ \ /Postive Figure 2.1: Six Thinking Hats 1) White Hat: White hat calls for information known or needed. It covers facts, figures, data, and information. There are too often facts and figures that are embedded in an argument or belie hat allows to present information in a neutral and objective way. Wearing whi Yellow Hat: ‘The yellow hat is for optimism and the logical positive view of things. Wearing ows person to look for benefits, feasibility, and how something can be done isa deliberate search for the positive. Every creative idea deserves some the yellow hat al Yellow hat thi yellow hat attentio Black Hat: Wearing the black hat allows considering proposals critically and logically. ‘The black hhat 1s used to reflect on why a suggestion does not fit the facts, the available experience. o¢ system in use Wearing black hat involves considering the following issues y 1) Regulations, 1) Costs, 19) Materials, in) Design, vp Safety issues les caution and cri! Mistakes can be disastrous So the black hat is very valuable 1 sigu ‘thinking but do4) Red Hat: Redhat signifies felings, hunches, and innition = snout explanation, Us feetigs an inuiton can only bee Where emotion aged «ue supported by logic. Often the feeling is genuine but the loge inte a Uscusson hey allows (Put forward feelings and intuitions without the need for jie. 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They year to come up with # g4M€ hanging innovation like Apple's iPod, or create an entirely new category like Facebook. Many make’ brine efforts t0 be innovative-they spend on R&D, bring in creative designers, and hire innovsigq consultants. But they get disappointing result, * 2.24. Warm-Ups to Ignite Design Thinking Workshop Design thinking workshops inspire an a ps to help the team beat the afternoon slump and get them primed for various workshop activities: » es to Ignite Design Thinking. ‘Workshop Grandia, Tiger, Nini come cus ‘Yes, BUT vs. Yes, AND | 1000 Uses = Grandma, Tiger, Ninja: This warm-up is by and large, a huge hit in all types of workshops. It is similar to rock, paper, scissors, except one act out each role with his entire body. For example, a Grandma would be hunched over, a tiger would leap up and go “awe”, and a ninja would strike a Ninja beats Tiger (since ) Tiger eats Grandma }) Grandma beats Ninja (since she is the Ninja’s Mom) isa Ninja) becomes the winner's biggest fan, By the end, h with a massive cheering section, The Iding camaraderie, getting peopl for the championshi this warm-up includes meeting new peopl rt zone.“ame tthe ear room and ave then, Betting people to open mes P. each that each group with. Time the cl ideas they gene box, encou ercise have everyone take out a piece of paper ax ished have them post what they drew on the boss ‘gn a way for people to enjoy flowers in theis hose Ince they a ‘ond round have everyone on the board. Compare the Proposed solutions. Its purpos le the box, eps involved in implementing design thinking through a workshop Hon: Before you can run a design thinking workshop. thew ae o® include: rts happening pascal, coo aon se ning your desin is happening online, decide on the meeting and presetaice gente hor yo" pln of how nd win he aes a gig workshop and be sure to include a lot of activities in your design thiStep §: Empathising with the U rage the workshop participant ‘generating ideas on what the user needs from eating an empathy map to help t ngs findings and ask questions. if any jet more Specific on the Proble narrow down on the problem th ide the rest ofthe design thinking worksh Ideas and Possible Solutions: The next that they 7: Come up with, Team suggests