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Joint, Connective Tissue, and Bone Disorders and Management
Joint, Connective Tissue, and Bone Disorders and Management
inflammatory noninflammatory
Treatment approach.
Joint protection and activity modification (using splints,
assistive devices, and environmental adaptations)
Flexibility and strength (flexibility, muscle strength, and
muscle endurance within the tolerance of the joints)
Cardiopulmonary endurance (Nonimpact or low-impact
conditioning exercises—such as aquatic exercise,
cycling, aerobic dancing, and walking/running—
performed within the tolerance of the individual)
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
Vigorous stretching or manipulative techniques.
Fibromyalgia
chronic condition characterized by widespread pain that
covers half the body (right or left half, upper or lower
half) and has lasted for more than 3 months.
Additional symptoms include 11 of 18 tender points at
specific sites throughout the body
Prevalence of FM
Prevalent in 2% of the population
women affected far more than men
Prevalence increases with age
• Primary osteoporosis:
Risk factors include postmenopausal, Caucasian or Asian
descent, family history, low body weight, little or no
physical activity, diet low in calcium and vitamin D, and
smoking, prolonged bed rest and advanced age.
• Secondary osteoporosis:
Secondary osteoporosis develops owing to other medical
conditions (i.e., gastrointestinal diseases, hyperthyroidism,
chronic renal failure, excessive alcohol consumption) and
the use of certain medications such as glucocorticoids.
Mode: Resistance
Frequency. Two to three days per week with a day of
rest in between each bout of exercise.
Intensity. Eight to 12 repetitions that lead to muscle
fatigue.