REPORTED SPEECH

Mowy zależnej (Reported / Indirect Speech) używamy chcąc przekazać czyjąś

wypowiedź nie cytując dokładnie tego co ta osoba powiedziała, ale przekazując treść tej
wypowiedzi.
PROŚBY (REQUESTS) I POLECENIA (ORDERS)
Przytaczając czyjąś prośbę stosujemy czasownik asked a następnie bezokolicznik z to
/ not to.
‘Could you open the door?’ She asked me to open the door.
‘Please, don’t forget to buy the flowers.’ Mary asked me not to forget to buy the flowers.

Przytaczając czyjeś polecenie stosujemy czasownik told a następnie bezokolicznik z

to / not to.
‘Don't make so much noise.’ He told me not to make so much noise.
‘Get out of my way!’ Mike told me to get out of his way.

ZDANIA TWIERDZĄCE (AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES) I

ZDANIA PRZECZĄCE (NEGATIVE SENTENCES)
W zdaniach twierdzących i przeczących następuje cofnięcie czasów o jeden, co
oznacza, że czasy teraźniejsze zamieniają się w przeszłe, a czasy przeszłe w zaprzeszłe. Czasy
zaprzeszłe pozostają bez zmian gdyż nie mają już możliwości cofnięcia.
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
(mowa niezależna) (mowa zależna)

PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE

‘I want to see my grandparents tomorrow,’ said Jenny. Jenny said that she wanted to see her grandparents
the next day.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS

‘I am going to Liverpool next week,’ said Jenny. Jenny said that she was going to Liverpool the
following week.

PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT

‘I have lived here my whole life,’ said Jenny. Jenny said that she had lived there her whole life.

Opracowanie: Daniel Suchta 1

 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
‘I have been waiting for you,’ said Jenny. Jenny said that she had been waiting for him.

PAST SIMPLE PAST PERFECT

‘I wanted to see my grandparents.’ said Jenny. Jenny said that she had wanted to see her
grandparents.

PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

‘I was going to Liverpool.’ said Jenny. Jenny said that she had been going to Liverpool.

PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT

‘I had met a lot of people.’ said Jenny. Jenny said that she had met a lot of people.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

‘I had been waiting two hours,’ said Jenny. Jenny said that she had been waiting two hours.

WILL / CAN / MAY / SHALL WOULD / COULD / MIGHT / SHOULD

‘I will be waiting for Mark at the airport,’ said Jenny. Jenny said that she would be waiting for Mark at the
airport.

“TO BE” GOING TO “WAS / WERE “ GOING TO

‘I am going to visit my friends,’ said Jenny. Jenny said that she was going to visit her friends.

1st CONDITIONAL 2nd CONDITIONAL

‘As soon as I am in London, I will give you a call,’ said Jenny said that as soon she was in London, she
Jenny. would give him a call.

Opracowanie: Daniel Suchta 2

 ZDANIA PYTAJĄCE (INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES)
Pytania w mowie zależnej zachowują szyk zdania oznajmującego! Ponadto, w
przypadku pytań rozpoczynających się od operatora – stosujemy if, a w pytaniach
szczegółowych przepisujemy zaimek pytający.

‘Did you play for your school football-team?’ asked Tim.

Tim asked me if I had played for my school football-team.

‘How long have you been working for this company?’ asked Tim.
Tim asked me how long I had been working for that company.

Zamiana przysłówków czasu i miejsca w zdaniach z mowy niezależnej na zdania w

mowie zależnej:
this that
these those
here there
now then / immediately
today that day
tonight that night
at the moment at that moment
next week the following week
tomorrow the next (following) day
two days ago two days before (earlier)
the day before yesterday two days before
yesterday the previous day / the day before
last week the previous week / the week before

Poniżej lista czasowników i fraz wprowadzających zdania w mowie zależnej.

He said (that)... He asked me (not) to...
told me (that)... told me (not) to...
answered / replied (that)... ordered me (not) to...
explained (that)... instructed me (not) to...
added (that)... begged me (not) to...
admitted (that)... warned me (not) to...
informed me (that)... reminded me (not) to...
thought (that)... advised me (not) to...
realized (that)...
knew (that)...
hoped (that)...
Opracowanie: Daniel Suchta 3
He asked (me) where/why/how long…
wondered where/why/how long…
wanted to know where/why/how long…
knew where/why/how long…
explained where/why/how long…
told (me) where/why/how long…

LET’S... / HOW ABOUT... / WHY DON’T WE...? / WHY NOT...?

‘Let's go to the cinema.’
‘Let's not go to the cinema.’
‘How about going for a swim?’
‘Why don't we stay at home?’
‘Why not play cards?’
He suggested going to the cinema.
He was against going to the cinema.
He suggested going for a swim.
He suggested staying at home.
He suggested playing cards.

HAD BETTER... / WHY DON’T YOU...?

‘I'd better go now.’ He said he'd better go (immediately).
‘You'd better wait.’ He advised me to wait.
‘You'd better not go there.’ He advised / warned me not to go there.
‘Why don't you apologize to her?’ He advised me to apologize to her.

WYKRZYKNIENIA (EXCLAMATIONS)
"What a stupid idea!" He exclaimed that it was a stupid idea.
"Really?" He expressed his surprise / disbelief.
"Thank you." He thanked me.
"Congratulations." He congratulated me.
"Liar!" He called me a liar.
"Good luck!" He wished me luck.
"Damn!" He swore.

STOSOWANIE INFINITIVE ALBO GERUND ZAMIAST ‘HE SAID…’

"I'm not going to do it!" He refused to do it.
"I can help you." He offered to help me.
"I'm sorry I'm late." He apologized for being late.
"You took the money!" He accused me of taking the money.
"I didn't steal it!" He denied stealing it.
"I stole the money." He admitted stealing the money.

Opracowanie: Daniel Suchta 4