é Workshop on a sTransportatlog of OIL & GAS through Pipelines: PRESENTATION ON WMresicrccion Facilities, = Emergency Response Plan” ” Hydrocarbon Fire fighting > f Hazards and accident ww M. a DWIBEDYFLOW OF PRESENTATION {cia Hanan and accident potentials What is Hazard + Why to know about hazard Kind of hazard + Special Risks Association with pipeline transportation + Management control of hazards Fire Protection Facilities Basics of fire + Fire extinction principle + Types of fire protection facilitiesWhat is Hazard {nda + Untoward incidents hidden behind the curtain of reality are called hazard. + Unexpected events having damage potential for man or machine or property. + Hazard is the potential to cause harm. + Ahazard is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment.Why to Know about the hazard 1120 ey lf not handled properly they will result in accident/ disaster etc. *To eliminate accidents. *To minimise occurrence of accidents. *To control the loss and damage that an accident may cause. *To provide various protection measures to safe guard man and machine.Kind of Hazards {nda A. Material |. Alkali, Acid Il. Toxic Materials lll. Explosive materials B. Conditions |. Hanging loads Il. Slippery surfaces Ill. Rotating machinesKind of Hazards nian C. Energy i. Heat due to Steam, Flame, Fire Electricity iii. Noise iv. UV radiation, cosmic rays, atomic radiation D. Activities i. Vehicle races ii. Overhead construction iii. Swimming in sea and high current rivers iv. Sky divingKind of Hazards {nda Oi E. NATURAL i. Lightning, ii. Earth quake iii. Flood iv. Cyclone F. HUMAN ELEMENT i. Presence of enemy ii. Lack of knowledge iii. Wrong attitude iv. Negligence v. Adamant, egoistic , saboteursSpecial Risks Association with = pipeline Transportation e Highly Inflammable hazardous material is handled. e High Pressure encountered in the process. e Ignition from outside on Leakage from System. e Loss of Containment/Accidental Releases. « Inapproachability to the leakage site to control the fire/Accident. ¢ Restoration takes considerable time. ¢ Pollution of environment « Payment of huge compensationManagement Control of Hazard +Safe guarding all machines, equipments, work space etc. +Reetifying or _ preventing defective conditions. *Suitable & safe design & construction *Safe arrangements, processes, methods of work ete. + Suitable illumination + Ventilation +PPEs + Job safety Analysis +Inyestigation of accidents +Inspection of Plant & equipments + Recording & tabulation of data + Analysis of data q «Personal Adjustment *Safety Education and training +Supervision Self disciplineindianOil What is Fire An exothermic reaction resulting from combination of heat fuel and oxygen. Fire involves rapid oxidation at high temperatures accompanied by the evolution of highly heated gaseous products of combustion and emission of visible and invisible radiation. Initiation of fire requires combustible materials, oxygen and an energy source (heat) to provide ignition. Three components - fuel , oxygen & heat are referred as the fire triangle Am FUELClassification of Fire 1120 ey Class-A - Fires involving ordinary combustible materials like wood,paper,textiles,rubber etc. Class-B -Fires involving flammable liquids or liquefiable solids, such as oils, solvents, petroleum products,paints, varnishes etc. Class-C - Fire involving gases or liquefied gases under pressure for eg. LPG, Hydrogen etc. Class-D Fire involving combustible metal such as Magnesium, sodium Zinc, Titanium etc.Classification of Petroleum Product (hia O Petroleum Products are divided in to following classes = ClassA - Flashpoint < 23 deg.C = ClassB - Flash point > 23 degC &< 65 degC = Class C - flash point > 65 degC & < 93 deg.C = Unclassified : flash point> 93 deg.c and aboveImportant Properties of Petroleum Product 116200 ey For all flammable liquids, it is the vapour which burns and not the liquid. Flammable vapour burns only when mixed with proper percentage of oxygen as support of combustion. Flammable limits of petroleum products roughly lies between slightly greater than 1% and less than 10%. Petroleum vapour is heavier than air so it has tendency to discend on ground or lower level or sump. Petroleum is immiscible with water. Its specific gravity is less than 1, so they float on water Electric conductivity of almost all petroleum products ( except crude oil, ethanol etc.) is very low and hence it generates static electricity during storage and transportationPrinciple of fire Extinction Indianoit Starvation - Removing or blanketing the fuel Smothering - Cutting off or diluting the oxygen supply Cooling - Removing heat from the fire. 4h y \Different Agents to Fire Fire + Blanketing +» Water Steam “+ Chemical foam « Carbon dioxide «+ Dry Chemical Powder «+ Aqueous Film Forming Foam ( AFFF)Class of Fire A Description Fires involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, textiles etc. Fires involving flammable liquids like oils, petroleum products, paints varnishes etc. Fires involving gaseous substances such as LPG, Hydrogen etc. Fires occurring in Combustible metals such as Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Zinc etc. Extinguishing media Water Foam, Dry chemical Powder,Carbon Dioxide. Dry Chemical Powder Carbon Dioxide. Special Dry Powders such as Ternary Eutectic ChlorideFire Protection Facilities in IndianOil Fire Protection Facilities Fire Detection Fire FightingAutomatic Fire Detection System {nda “+ Smoke- Ionisation or Optical type * Heat — Fixed temperature or rate of rise temperature type “> Flame — UV or IR or UV/IR or IR? «+ Heat And Smoke — Multiple criteriaAutomatic Fire Detection System (2 *» Detection system can be conventional type, addressable type and analog addressable type. * Selection of detection system is carried out based on specific requirement of industry. «> Conventional - > Detectors are in zones with max. 30 devices + Addressable - > Detectors are in loop with max. 198 devices per loop, each device has an address. ¢ Analog addressable - + Same as addressable with ability to send actual value of smoke particle/ tepmarature etc. in the chamber of each detectorAutomatic Fire Detection System (2 Advantages of analog addressable detectors over conventional type of detectors -Each device has an unique address and location can be easily identified » All signals are verified and no chance of false alarm » Exact location is pin pointed rather than area » Single loop comprises of 198 devices connected by 2 core cable. - All devices connected to the fire alarm panel are scanned by the panel all the time. All the devices report their condition to the panel.Automatic Fire Detection System (hia ee Modification is simpler. The device only needs to be added to the existingloop with a minimum change in panel software. «History of each device can be seen by means of a printout. eEasier maintenance. Device itself indicates about maintenance. «Lesser cable length. «Lower power consumption. «Compact & elegant design.Automatic Fire Detection System Block Diagram for Automatic Fire Detection and CO2 Release systemAutomatic Fire Detection SystemAutomatic Fire Detection System (2Schematic Layout of CO, systemFire Fighting System (2 > Fire Water Reservoir * Pumping units “> Fire water Network + Fire hydrants and foam cum water monitor «Water spray system “*Foam pourer system +» Automatic rim seal fire protection systemFire Water Reservoir INO a “ Open water reservoirs dedicated for storage of fire water requirement of minimum 4 hrs. fire fighting capability. >» Open top pond with RCC wall all sides. * Above ground fire water tanks of adequate nos. to meet the norm of 4 hr. continuous fire fighting. > Coned roof or open top above ground tanksFire Water Reservoir Peerekern ne kecuct cl eadFire Fighting Pumping units (2 “ Motor or engine driven pumping units dedicated for supply of fire water to + Pumping units may be vertical turbine type or horizontal type. ‘No. of pumps shall be based on design pumping requirement. “ Standby pumping units for facilitating maintenance without compromising safety of the installation.Fire Fighting Pumping units IndianOit Horizontal Motor Driven pump( Jockey) Engine driven pump (horizontal) Vertical Turbine type pump( Motor driven)Fire Water Network 11620 ey MOC of network may be carbon steel or composite material or its equivalent if used for fresh water. Incase of saline, brakish water, steel pipes, internally cement, mortar lines or glass reinforced epoxy, coated or pipes made of material suitable for the quality of water shall be used. Shall be laid above ground and under ground only in case of crossings/ other unavoidable circumstances. The fire water network shall be laid in closed loops as far as possible to ensure multi-directional flow in the system. The hydraulic analysis of network shall be done at the design time.Fire Water Network-Typical schematic [6 TS),Fire Hydrants and Monitors 16 ee * Fire hydrants and foam cum water monitors to be provided on the fire water network. * Inter distance shall not be more than 30 m. * Monitors shall be provided with individual isolation valve. * Distance of hydrants from tanks or equipment under protection shall not be less than 15 m. * Monitors shall be provided with individual isolation valve.Water Spray System IndianOil + V System consists of fixed piping with pipe fittings, isolation valves, NRV and water spray nozzles.Water Spray System-Schematic (2Water Curtain system in BuildingFoam Pourer System {nda “ Semi-fixed foam Pourer system >» Comprises of fixed pipings and pipe fittings, drain valves, foam coupling, foam makers, foam pourer and deflector plate on tank. >» Mobile Foam tender is required for actuating the system. « Fixed foam pourer system( Manual/Automatic) >» Manual system comprises of fixed foam concentrate storage shed, foam supply pumps, proportioning system, pipings and pipe fittings, isolation valves, drain valves, foam coupling, foam makers, foam pourer and deflector plate on tank. > Automactic system requires motor operates valves at different points and PLC for its actuation based on feed back from automatic fire detection and alarm system.Foam Pourer SystemSchematicFoam Pourer System-Schematic‘oam Pourer System-Components/ working TS ++ Foam pourer system for tanks > ‘Foam pourer system for Engine driven mainline pumping unit shed.( Automatic/Manual)Foam Pourer System-PhotographsFoam Flooding system for Mainline engine shed IndianOil MAJOR COMPONENTS Detection system * Intrinsically safe Heat Detectors (HDs) % Intrinsically safe Ultra Violet / Infra Red flame detectors (UV/IR) * Addressable Manual Call Point (MCP) Extinguishing system “ Y-type strainer, Solenoid valve * Deluge valve, Bladder type foam tank (capacity 2000 litres) “Foam proportioning unit, Piping network for protected area Foam cum water spray nozzlesFoam Pourer System IndianOil View of engine shed showing foam solution piping and discharge nozzles Deluge valve and bladder tank skidFoam Flooding system in Mainline Pump shed IndianOil Hydrant line Foam bladder tank f Deluge Valve 6", 14000 IpmTypical Arrangement of Rim seal Units IndianOilMA VI FOdilh MOQUIC ASSCHIDIy IndianOilDischarge Nozzles& Rim Seal Fire Protection SystemRim Seal Protection SystemHydrocarbon Fire Fighting Techniques In ETT » Reduction of fire load from the fire site by transferring the combustible material, if possible. » Containment of fire and fire fighting. » Reducing domino effect of fire by providing suitable exposure protection measures. » Salvaging usables after fire fighting.Hydrocarbon Fire Fighting Techniques {cia » Inter tank transfer of the product based on availability of ullage in the installation. » Operation of isolating devices to stop supply of fuel to fire site. » Localising the combustible product.Hydrocarbon Fire Fighting Techniques (iO First aid Use of first aid fire fighting extinguishers, fire buckets, sand scoops, hose reel, water jel blanket Manual Use of hose lines and nozzles, fire beaters, portable monitors, fixed monitors Fixed Fire hydrant network, sprinkler system, fixed foam flooding system in MLPS/Tanks, CO2 total flooding, Halon system, Deluge system (The above system may be fixed/semifixed/ manual/automatic) Mobile Water tender, foam tender, DCP tender, crash tender, rescue tender, Foam nurser, trolley mounted monitors. Advanced Dynamite blasts etc.Emergency Response Plan-Statutory Requirements (dia Ol ee «+ Factories Act- 1948 (amended in 1987) #Section 41-B requires that an “On-Site Emergency Plan” with detailed Disaster Control Measures by every occupier of an installation involving hazardous process shall be prepared and submitted to Factory Inspectorate.Statutory Requirement.... Contd {nda Manufacturer, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules ( Amendments) Rules, 2000 #Rule - 5 - Notification of major accident #Rule-7,8,9 - Notification of site and updation of same #Rule- 10- Preparation of safety report #Rule-11 - Updating of safety report #Rule-13- Preparation of On-site Emergency plan (By occupier) @Rule-14 - Preparation of Off - site Emergency plan ( By concerned authority)Statutory Requirement.... Contd In Rules on Chemical Accidents (Emergency planning, Preparedness and Response) This rule envisages a 4-tier crisis management system in the country 1. Central crisis group 2. State Crisis Group 3. District Crisis Group 4. Local Crisis Group.General Guidelines for Drafting ERP a ® — General Information about the Factory > Brief information about the Company in general and Factory in Particular @ Organisational Set Up > Hierarchy in form of a tree showing the unit head and his subordinates up-to-the Departmental / Sectional heads ® Manpower » Shift wise manpower break up for A, B, C and G shift in tabular form ® — Product/ Bi-Product > Name of Product and bi-product and their quantity per day / annum ® Inventory of Raw material > Names of raw-material showing their quantity / threshold quantity ® Inventory of Hazardous substances > Names of hazardous substances used as raw material showing their tank / container capacity and thresh hold capacity @ — Hazardous substances / gases produced/ generated during the process > Names of hazardous substances / gases produced/ generated during the process with the quantitiesGeneral Guidelines for Drafting ERP i Identification of Hazard » Hazards are mostly manifested in form of fire / explosion / toxic release > Each anticipated hazard scenario associated in the factory be described along with its assessment of impact of plant and locality Identification of most credible hazard scenario > The most credible ( max) hazard scenario be identified trom among all anticipated hazard scenario associated with the unit and its spread assessed through dispersion model or other techniques Plot Plan > Aplot plan be made showing the plant location, iso-risk contour around the hazard zones, emergency control room, assembly points, emergency exit, roads and other relevant details Emergency Command centre > Atree snowing the emergency command structure, such as Works main controller, Site Incident Controller, Combat team , Rescue team etc Role of Key persons » The role of key persons to be described in brief which should include members in the command structuresGeneral Guidelines for Drafting ERP IndianOil # Action Plan for Emergency Response Plan » The action of each person in the event of an emergency since it was noticed by an employee to be described # Silent Hour Command Structure >» Acommand structure for the silent hour be prepared who should sprin: into action during the silent hour till the members of the main comman structure reach the site ® Activation and closing procedure » The activation and closing procedure in the event of an emergency be described in brietEmergency Response Plan (¢iaNO Objectives: * To ensure that loss of life and injuries to persons are minimised * To ensure that property losses are minimum * Ensure that relief and rehabilitation measures are put into effective action in the shortest possible time. * To ensure that potential loss due to prolonged shut down of facilities is minimised. * To effectively make use of available resources * — Identification of organizational and operational details * Delineate functions of concerned departments & agencies for operational responsibilitiesKey Element of ERP IN ETT * Assessment of the size and nature of the events foreseen and probability that might occur * Formulation of the plan and liaison with outside authorities including the emergency services. * Procedures — Raising the alarm and communication ( Both within & outside pump station) * Appointment of Key Personnel and defining their duties and responsibilities “+ Setting up of emergency control center * Action on site “ Station shut down procedures *% Action off-sitePriorirty of handling emergency (hia Priority of Handling Disaster 42 Safe guard life Safe guard property Stop product leakage and contain Extinguish any fire Reclaim spilled product and clean the area Probable Disaster Fire Leakage of oil & damage Operational Natural calamities Man madeResponse Procedure & Measure {cia & ¢ @ ¢ @ ¢ Response procedure for all emergency situations( Causes, Consequences, control measures, Man power & Equipments) Organogram & Responsibilities Resources (Internal/External) Emergency Control Room Mutual Aid Scheme Name, Addresses, Contact numbers of concerned person/companyTeam Responsibility {o_O Team is responsible for Handling of emergency at site For supplying material/equipment/manpower Plant operational control Medical Services General Support Communication and media arrangement Co-ordination with external agencies @#e¢ 828 8 & & All team leaders shall work under the command of an over all commander.IndianOit Control Room Central control room shall be equipped with @#e¢ ce 8 @ G&G Se 8 @ Plant layout P&l diagram Operating parameters of equipment Organogram of ERP Meteorological data Mutual Aid Scheme Telephone Numbers of persons to be contacted Report forms List of Internal & External Resources Communication facilities Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)Recovery Plan IN ETT ae Recovery Procedure # Post - emergency Recovery # Incident Investigation # Damage Assessment # Clean-up and RestorationEffective Implementation {cai Effective Implementation e e & e Plan to be implemented through team work Periodical Mock Drills activating DMP Regular review and updation of plan Constant liasoning with Mutual Aid Memberseo THANK YOU Ven.