11-19 PROGRESSION endorsed for edexcel Confidence * Fluency * Problem-solving * Reasoning a> ALWAYS LEARNING PEARSON1 Number 1: 42 Ratios 101 Prior knowledge check 1&3 Ratio and proportion 103 1.1 Number problems and reasoning 2 4G Percentages 105 1.2 Place value and estimating 4 4S Fractions, decimals and percentages 108 1.3 HCF and LCM 6 Problem-solving 110 1.4 Calculating with powers (indices) 8 Check up m1. 1.5 Zero, negative and fractional indices 11 Strengthen 2 1.6 Powers of 10 and standard form “ Extend 115 17 Surds 16 Knowledge check 118 Problem-solving 19 Unit test 119 Check up 20 Strengthen 22 5 Angles and trigonometry aaa Extend 25 Prior knowledge check 1a. Knowledge check 27 5.1 Angle properties of triangles and Unit test 28 quadrilaterals 122 5.2. Interior angles of a polygon 126 2 Algebra 30. 5.3 Exterlor angles of a palygon 128 Prior knowledge check 30 5.4 Pythagoras’ theorem 1 11 2.1 Algebraic indices 31 5.5 Pythagoras’ theorem 2 134 2.2 Expanding and factorising 33. 5.6 Trigonometry 1 136 2.3. Equations 355.7 Trigonometry 2 139 2.4 Formulae 37 Problem-solving 143 2.5 Linear sequences 40 Cheek up 146 2,6 Non-linear sequences 42 Strengthen 17 2.7 More expanding and factorising 46 Extend 153 Problem-solving re Knowledge check 155 Check up 50 Unit test 157 Strengthen 51 Extend 55 6 Graphs 159 Knowledge check 58 Prior knowledge check 159 Unit test 59 6.1_Linear graphs 161 6.2. More linear graphs 164 3 Interpreting and representingdata 61 6.3 Graphing rates of change 166 Prior knowledge check 61 6.4 _Reallife graphs 170 3.1. Statistical diagrams 1 63 6.5 Linesegments 114 3.2 Time series 67 6.6 Quadratic graphs 176 3.3 Scatter graphs 70 6.7 Cubic and reciprocal graphs 180 3.4 Line of best fit 72 | 6.8 More graphs 182 3.5. Averages and range 5 Problem-solving: Profit parabolas 186 3.6 Statistical diagrams 2 7B Check up 187 Problem-solving: Pollution particulates 81 Strengthen 190 Check up 82 Extend 195 Strengthen 84 Knowledge check 198 Extend 89 Unit test 200 Knowledge check 94 Unit test 94 7 Area and volume 203 Prior knowledge check 203 4 Fractions, ratio and percentages 97 7.1_-Perimeter and area 204 Prior knowledge check 97 7.2. Units and accuracy 207 4. Fractions 98 7.3. Prisms 210Th 1s 7.6 WT an a2 a3 8.4 as 86 a7 a8 O41 92 9.3 94 95 9.6 97 10 10.1, 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Circles Sectors of circles Cylinders and spheres Pyramids and cones Problem-solving Check up ‘Strengthen Extend Knowledge check Unit test Transformations and constructions Prior knowledge check 30 soli Reflection and rotation Enlargement Transformations and combinations of transformations Bearings and scale drawings Constructions 1 Constructions 2 Loci Problem-solving: Under construction Check up Strengthen Extend Knowledge check Unit test Equations and inequalities Prior knowledge check Solving quadratic equations 1 Solving quadratic equations 2 Completing the square Solving simple simultaneous equations More simultaneous equations Solving linear and quadratic simultaneous equations Solving linear inequalities Problem-solving: Overtaking Check up Strengthen Extend Knowledge check Unit test Probability Prior knowledge check Combined events Mutually exclusive events Experimental probability 213 216 220 222 225 227 229 232 235 237 239 239 240 242 245 249 253 256 259 262 265 266 268 273 275 27 280 280 281 282 284 287 289 291 293 296 207 298 300 302 303 305 305 307 310 312 Independent events and tree diagrams 314 Conditional probability 318 10.6 nn wa 112 113 114 12 12. 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 Venn diagrams and set notation Problem-solving: Drug testing Check up Strengthen Extend Knowledge check Unit test Multiplicative reasoning Prior knowledge check Growth and decay Compound measures More compound measures Ratio and proportion Problem-solving Check up Strengthen Extend Knowledge check Unit test Similarity and congruence Prior knowledge check Congruence Geometric proof and congruence Similarity More similarity Similarity in 3D solids Problem-solving Check up Strengthen Extend Knowledge check Unit test More trigonometry Prior knowledge check Accuracy Graph of the sine function Graph of the cosine function The tangent function Galculating areas and the sine rule The cosine rule and 2D trigonometric problems Solving problems in 3D Transforming trigonometric graphs 1 Transforming trigonometric graphs 2 Problem-solving: Muddy tracks Check up Strengthen Extend Knowledge check Unit test 3a 325 326 328 333 335 336 339 339 340 343 346 348 351 352 354 357 359 360 363 363 364 367 370 374 378 382 383 385 390 394 395, 399 399) 400 402 405 408 4 415 418 421 423 426 427 429 433 435 4374 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 17 171 17.2 173 114 175 17.6 117 Further statistics Prior knowledge check Sampling Cumulative frequency Box plots Drawing histograms Interpreting histograms 439 439 440 463, 4466 449 450 Comparing and describing populations 453 Problem-solving: Brain training Cheek up Strengthen Extend Knowledge check Unit test Equations and graphs Prior knowledge check Solving simultaneous equations graphically Representing inequalities graphically Graphs of quadratic functions Solving quadratic equations graphically Graphs of cubic functions Problem-solving Check up Strengthen Extend Knowledge check Unit test Circle theorems Prior knowledge check Radi and chords Tangents Angles in circles 1 Angles in circles 2 Applying circle theorems Problem-solving Check up Strengthen Extend Knowledge check Unit test More algebra Prior knowledge check Rearranging formulae Algebraic fractions Simplifying algebraic fractions More algebraic fractions Surds Solving algebraic fraction equations Functions 456 4s 458 463, 466 468 an am. arz 475 478 482 435 490 41 492 496 498 499 501 501 502 504 506 509 512 515, 517 519 523 526 527 531 531 532 533 535 537 539 541 543 18 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 19 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 Proof Problem-solving: Surface gravity Check up Strengthen Extend Knowledge check Unit test Vectors and geometric proof Prior knowledge check Vectors and vector notation Vector arithmetic More vector arithmetic Parallel vectors and collinear points Solving geometric problems Problem-solving Check up Strengthen Extend Knowledge check Unit test Proportion and graphs Prior knowledge check Direct proportion More direct proportion lnverse proportion Exponential functions Non-linear graphs Translating graphs of functions Reflecting and stretching graphs of functions Problem-solving: Modelling outbreaks Check up Strengthen Extend Knowledge check Unit test Answers Index 545, 548 549) 550 553 555 556 557 557 558 560 563 566 568 572 574 576 579 582 584 587 587 588 590 592 595, 598 602 605 610 611 613 615 619 621 624 114Estimate the amount of money taken by a football club on match day. Work out a 5x03 b 97002 © 6:02 27:09 e 42+01 f 04x06 g 09x002 h 0.09 x 0.09 i 04-02 j 09-003 k 045-03 | 088 +0.04 Choose the correct sign, < or>. a 272s b 304 ]33 < -29C]-28 d -s167]-55 ‘Write down all the factors of 12 and 18. Make a list of the common factors. < Write dawn the highest common factor. Copy and complete the Venn diagram to show the factors of 16 and 20. Factors of 20) Factors of 16 ‘Write down the highest common factor. Write down the first 10 multiples of 6 and 9. b Make a list of the common multiples. Write down the lowest common multiple. Copy and complete the Venn diagram to show the first 10 multiples of 4 and 10 Multiples of 4 Multiples of 10 Write down the lowest common multiple of 4 and 10. Work out a 8-23 b (@-2)%3 © T-G-1)x6 d 2h+(8-2 Be (oF Insert brackets to make this calculation correct, 9+18+3-9 Estimate a 7.3%8.94 b 4T+24 52449 d 79-24Unit 1 Number 10 Write the positive and negative square roots of these numbers. * Challenge 14 How many different ways can these cards a 36 bi © 64 be arranged? 11, Work out 2 4x9%25 — b 102x48 © 182%99 d 27x6427%6 What about now? 12 Copy and complete. a 6x6=60 b 3x3x3x3=-30 SS) 13 Workout Be a a br cP a2 1a Copyand complete this list of all possible outcomes for rolling a dice and flipping a coin. Hl He Ta b How many outcomes are there altogether? 2 a Copyand complete this list of all possible outcomes for spinner A and spinner B. 21 4L bt A B 23 43 25 Warmup b_ How many outcomes are there altogether? 3 How many possible outcomes are there when a rolling a dice b- Mlipping a coin © spinning Ain Q2 d_ spinning Bin Q2? Discussion What do you notice about your answers to i Q1band Q3a and b above li Q2b and Q3e and d above? 2 “Active Learn Homework, practice and support:Unit 1 Number Questions in this unit are targeted at the steps indicated. 4 Arestaurant offers a set menu for birthday parties. a Write down all possible combinations of starters, and main courses. b Reflect How did you order your list to make sure you didn’t miss any starters or mains? The restaurant decides to offer fish (F) as a main course How many possible combinations are there now? d Copy and complete. 3 starters and 4 mains:[_] combinations 3 starters and 5 mains:{ combinations n starters and m mains:[_] combinations A different restaurant offers 2 starters, 4 mains and 3 desserts. How many possible combinations are there now? ‘Q6a hint Use letters for combinations, for example VP for vegetable soup, pizza. When there are m ways of doing one task and n ways of doing a second task, the total number of ways of doing the first task then the second task is m x n. 5 ae fei communication Jess has a 4-digit password for her mobile phone, hint metusive Each digit can be between 0 and 9 inclusive means that the a How many choices are possible for each digit of the code? end numbers are b_ What is the total number of 4-digit passwords that Jess can create? alsa incluced Jess would like to choose an even number. ‘The code ean start with a zero, © How many different ways are possible now? marks) a 6 Three people, A, Band C, enter a race. a Write down the different orders in which they can finish first, second and third. Harry says that there are 3 possible winners, but then only 2 possibilities for second place and only one person left for third place. Discussion Is Harry correct? Explain your answer. b How many different ways can people finish in ia 4-person race iia 6-person race lil a 10-person race? 'Q6 communication hint A factorial is the result of multiplying a sequence of descending integers. For example ‘4 factorial’ = 4! = 4*3 «21. Make sure you know how to use the factorial cf] button on your calculator. 7 Problem-solving Eddie needs to choose a 6-digit code for his computer password. a How many codes can Eddie create using i 6 numbers il 4 numbers followed by 2 letters 1 number followed by 5 letters? Eddie decides that he does not want to repeat a digit ar a letter. b How many ways are po: toili now?Warm up Unit 1 Number Write each number to i 1 significant figure li 2 significant figures. a 873209 b 2019 < 0,007 059 2 Work out a 9x(+7) b 54+3x8 © Tx5-4x2 d 30-5x8 e 72-9 f \2a-% 3 Work out the mean of 3, 6, 7,9, 15 and 20. 4 Work out a 32x6 b 16x12 © 8x26 d 4x48 Discussion What do you notice about your answers? Why has this happened? 5 3.79.86 = 36.482 Use this fact to work out the calculations below. Check your answers using an approximate calculation, 237x986 b 3.700986 Q5a hint Compare with the given © 00037 «986 calculation. = ‘Q5d hint Rewrite am Beate nsee IT 286 = 26882] | the given calculation © 3648.2 =986 37 x 9.86 = [_] asa divi f 36482370 6 Reasoning 54.8 « 7.29 = 399.492 8 Write down three more calculations that have the same answer. b Write down a division that has an answer of 54.8. Write down a division that has an answer of 0.729. 4 Charlie says that 54.8 x 72.9 = 3989.44. Explain why Charlie must be wrong, 72 Write down the value of V% and v9. ie Q7Tb hint Use a number line to hel b Estimate the value of v5, v6,./7 and v8. a ve a a Round each estimate to 1 decimal place. Use calculator to check your answer to part b. Ce Oo 8 Estimate the value to the nearest tenth. we Vl ib ae (Q8a hint You can write your answer © VE dv Vat Ey e VI0 f Veo = means ‘is approximately equal to’ Active Learn Homework, practice and support: Higher 1.210 1 13 14 15 16 a7 Unit 1 Number Problem-solving A mosaic uses 150 square tiles. The total area is 3000cm? a Estimate the side length of a tile b Use a calculator to check your answer. 2 Write down the value of 8 and 92, b_ Estimate the value of 8.3? and 88% Round each estimate to the nearest whole number. Use a calculator to check your answer to part b. Estimate to the nearest whole number. QiJa hint Use a number line to help. a 3.22 b AT c 17 oe ae " d 1 e 63 f 98% e bf Oo o a Estimate answers to these. i a7 x me y+ (11.2 - 750.3) x 4.08 (1.98 x 3.14)? = 8.85 ‘Qiza iv hint The whole of the jig 28-72-21.9 iy 2S expression is being square rooted. v5 13.93 *5.42 So estimate the numerator and denominator before square rooting. b Use your calculator to work out each answer Give your answers correct to one decimal place. Reflect How did you decide what to round each number to? For iii and iv does it matter if you round the numerator or the denominator first? Q13 hint Work out the value of the card on the right first. Problem-solving A large dice has a side length of 92cm. Estimate the surface area of the cube. ‘The sum of the values on these cards is 12, Work out the missing number. Problem-solving The area of a square is 80¢m? Estimate the perimeter of the square. Problem-solving Pieces of turf are 1m long by 0.5m wide. Each piece costs £3.79. Estimate the cost of turf required to cover these spaces. i 9.6m by 2.4m ii 62mby19m ii 4m by 21m b Use a calculator to work out each answer, How good were your estimates? Discussion |s it better to overestimate or underestimate a cost? STEM Robert uses a spreadsheet to record his runs for 10 innings. His scores are in cells Al to J His mean score is in cell KI. 78 12 15) 0] 35) 12) 21 11 Use estimates to show that Robert’s mean is wrong. b Work out Robert's correct mean to the nearest tenth.Unit 1 Number 1 Write down all the factors of 20. Which of these factors are prime numbers? 2 a Write down all the prime numbers between 1 and 20. Write down all the factors of 24. © Copy and complete this Venn diagram Prime numbers between Factors of 24 1 and 20 Nault 3a Copy and complete this factor tree for 40. 40 S \, vs oO A Ls OO b Write 40 as a product of its prime factors. Q3b hint Circle the prime o-C)«C« CO O-LI9*O factors in your factor tree. 4 Write 75 asa product of its prime factors. .Q4 hint Use the method from Q3. 5 Steve and lan are asked to find 60 as a product of its prime factors. Steve begins by writing 60=5 » 12 lan begins by writing 60-6 x 10 @ Work out a final answer for Steve. b_ Work outa final answer for lan. Discussion What do you notice about the two answers? © Start the prime factor decomposition of 48 in two different ways: 6 x 8 and 12 x 4 Discussion Does your first step in a prime factor decomposition affect your final answer? 6 Reflect 2 Write down your own short mathematical definition of these words. I prime iil factor lil, decomposition b Use your definition to write down (In your own words) the meaning of prime factor decomposition. 6 Active Learn Homework, practice and support: Higher 1.3Unit 1 Number 7 Write each number as a product of its prime factors in index form. a8 m8) Q7 communication hint In index form means to write a number < 25 ¢ 36 to. power or an index. e 24 f 80 2? is written in index form. 3 is the power or index. 8 120can be written as a product of its prime factors in the form 2” x n x p. Work out m,n and p. Find the highest common factor and lowest common multiple of 24 and 60, 2h = 2% 2%2%3, Write each number as a product of prime factors, Prime factors Prime factors of 24 of 60 Drawa Venn diagram Thehighest. common factor (HCF) of 24 and GO =2x2x5=12 Thelowest: common multiple (LCM) of 24 and GO =2x2x2x3x5= 120 Multiply the common prime factors. Multiply all the prime factors. 9 Find the HCF and LCM of a 24and 30 b 20and 42 ae aes | oie [eae for each question to hel © 27 and 36 f 33and66 eee 10 Real / Problem-solving One bus leaves the bus station every 15 minutes. ‘Another bus leaves every 12 minutes. ‘At2:30pm both buses leave the bus station. At what time will this next happen? 11 Real /Problem-solving Amber wants to tile her bathroom. it measures 1.2m by 2.16m, She finds square tiles with a side length of 10cm, 12cm or 18m. Which of these tiles will fit the wall exactly? Discussion How do you know whether to find the HCF or LCM for Q10 and Q11? 12. Problem-solving The HCF of two numbersis 2. iz hint First choose two Write down three possible pairs of numbers. numbers where 2 is a factor. 13. Problerm-solving The LCM of two numbers is 18 Lae One of the numbers is 18. a Write down all the possibilities for the other number. b Describe the set of numbers you have created, 1s B= 2%» 3 and 36= 22x 3 Write down, as a product of its prime factors, ‘Q14 hint You could a the HCF of 48 and 36 raw @ Venn dlegram b the LCM of 48 and 36.Unit 1 Number ——— TD) Given that A = 23 x 3 x 5? and B = 22 « 36 Write down, as a product of its prime factors, a the HCF of A and B b the LCM of A and B. @ marks) | 16 Write 80 as a product of its prime factors. Discussion How can you use the prime factor decomposition of 80 to quickly work out the prime factor decomposition of 160? What about 40? 17 Problem-solving The prime factor decomposition of 2100 is 22 x 3 x 5¢ x7. Write down the prime factor decompositions of 2 15 b 24 © 12 d 30 18 a Harry says the prime factors of 75 appear in the prime factor decomposition of 2100, so 2100 is divisible by 75. 152100 divisible by 24, 12 or 30? Use prime factors to show that 792 is divisible by 12. © 15792 divisible by 132? Explain your answer. 15 792 divisible by 27? Explain your answer. 19. Inpprime factor form, 700 = 2? x 5? x 7 and 1960 = 2? x 5 x 7? 2 What is the HCF of 700 and 19607 Give your answer in prime factor form. b What is the LCM of 700 and 1960? Give your answer in prime factor form. © Which of these are factors of 350 and 1960? | feo ieT Q19c hint What factors do 700 ii 49 and 1960 have in common? iii 20 Any factor of this number will be iv 2x5x7? a factor of 350 and 1960. d_ Which of these are multiples of 350 and 1960? i 2x5xP i 2652 72 (Q19¢ hint What multiples do 700 and 1960 have in common? iii 22x57 Any multiple of this number will be a multiple of 350 and 1960. Active Learn Homework, practice and support: Higher 1.40 0 Unit 1 Number 1 Workout ap b cy cae d Px5 e Bx le f oe g 3x16 h v8t x 6a 2 Workout Axhn hah BxBx3edede3 8a bas 3 Copy and complete. PB 5 Opes < e256 a [p-27 gab hint []x[_]x[_]= 64 The inverse of a cube Is the cube root. 2} = 8, so the cube root of 8 is ¥8 =2 4 Workout a var b vt < ¥T000 ad Is Discussion Why itis possible to find the cube root of negative number, but not the square root? 5 Work out these, Use a calculator to check your answers. aaa b Os ___ < acer 33 -Lae ‘Q5a hint Use the priority of operations, eo \aaxtar ¢ SMV ‘Q5e hint The square root applies to 15 the whole calculation. Work out the a cube root first. h 0.2° = y=125, ve 6 Work out a (iP -5)x2P Q6 communication hint Square brackets [] make b 20-Bx4-(2239] the inner and outer brackets easier to see. © [24 (7-5-3) +19 7 Work out a V6 b V8r < 100000 8 a Workout i 1010 ii 108 iii 10%* 102 iv 108 How can you work out the answers to part a by using the indices of the powers you are multiplying? Check your rule works for i 10x10 ii 10510 ili: 10% x 107 ‘Q8c ii hint 10 = 10" 9 Write each product as a single power. a 3x3 b wae 9x98 To multiply, add the indices. whogteg”Unit 1 Number 10. Find the value of a. a Bx arg b 6x6" ¢ Bxan20 11 Write these calculations as a single power. Give your answers in index form. a 27x3=30e3= 3b Ox 64 < 5x 125 d 32x46 © 8x88 F 9x27%3 Key point 4 You can only add the indices when multiplying powers of the same number 12 Reasoning 5x5x5%5x5 SS il Copy and complete. 5° + 5¢= 50 b Copyandcomplete, 48+ 42= 4*4x4 AeA hs Work out 6° = 6 Discussion How can you quickly find 7? ~ 7? without writing all the 7s? 2 i Workout by cancelling, Write your answer as a power of 5, 13 Work out a eT b ade c 36438 To divide powers, subtract the indices, mata gn 16 Find the value of a. 2 98497294 b aaa 15. Problem-solving 2 Yu multiplies three powers of 9 together. 60) 90 9 gue What could the three powers be when | all three powers are different ii allthree powers are the same? b Harvey divides two powers of 5 sO 5D = 58 What could the two powers be when both numbers are greater than 5# the power of one number is double the power of the other number? c Meter 16 Work out these. Write each answer as a single power. 5x5 axe a 53x55 54 b @+6x6 d - a 17 Real /STEM The hard drive of Tom’s computer holds 2% bytes of data. He buys a USB memory stick that halds 2° bytes of data. 2 How many memory sticks does he need to back up his computer? He buys an external hard drive that holds 2 bytes of data, b What fraction of the external hard drive does he use when backing up his computer?Unit 1 Number 18 Copy and complete. a @p=2«]9x oxo. 9-0 b 6 =[)5« Fox o- 60 cc @y-[ 9. fe- Discussion What do you notice about the powers in the question and the powers in the final answer? To work out a power to another power, multiply the powers together. @weyr= am 19 Write a5 a single power. a iy b ey c @y ao 20 Problem-solving Write each calculation as a single power. st 16 x 64% 16 a Bx32%8 » os « MBxsieie ae be i @uys Qoh strategy hint Convert k Gye Lay decimals to fractions. 2 Useacalculatorto workout ’ igh ie: ith aaa? iv (4) b Copyand complete. a? is the same as the © Work out : : Aa bark i ro008 hv (wea)! d_ Copy and complete, ais the same as the: © Copy and complete, , 1 625=54 so 625 ii 32=[f 50 32#=] ofa. of a, 11 Evaluate a 36 b ° () ie on Evaluate means ‘work out c (3) Q11 communication hint 8 iu the value ofUnit 1 Number Work out the value of a 275 b 167% iz hint x= = sozste wt 20°F] 3 . Use the rule (x) =x". Work out the cube if 27Ra(eie pao a root of 27 first. Then square your answer. oe 16) (elp 2 =e 13 Work out a 643 b 10000: < 16 Qi3a hint | o (8 2 ort cert [etka loll Cea?-OF-C en 16 Work out ee 4g? Qtéa hint First work a arin? overs Then work out 9 15. Find the value of n. 1 Then multiply these 16=2" b yaT=am —=10" numbers together - “ J00 e d e W3=3 f We)?=a" 16 Problem-solving / Reasoning Will says that 25°! « 643 - 80, ‘a Show that Willis wrong. b_ What mistake did he make? 17 Problem-solving / Reasoning Match the expressions with indices to their values. 2 4 3 a (#4) [=] [=] 1314 Unit 1 Number Powers of 10 and standard form + Write a number in standard form. Scientists use standard form to write very + Calculate with numbers in standard form, ‘small or very large numbers. Fluency + Work out 45% 1000 0.0063 100 69.4x0.1 8453 0.001 Which of these are the same as +10? xb x001 x 107 1 Copy and complete. If your answer is a fraction, write it as a decimal too. b 10%= © 102+ e 10 f 105= 2 1000 b 105-2 10*= 100000000 Be e 10°=0.0001 f 106% 3 Copy and complete. a 5670000=[ |million b_ 15800000=[]million 4908340000 =[ billion Copy and complete the table of prefixes. can Prefix Letter Power Number piers tera T 10% 1000000000000 B - gga € 107 mega 1000000 Kilo K 10 deci d on centi € 107 - , at = ae bu the letter for the prefix ae u los micro, is the Greek letter nano n 0.000000001 mu, pico p 10? Some powers of 10 have a name called a prefix. Each prefix is represented by a letter. For example, kilo means 10° and is represented by the letter k, as in kg for kilogram. convert (Q5a hint Use a number tine. 15mginto grams b Tnminto metres | mg 1 15. LT ginto kg, 7.3ps into seconds. x] (+——+ x] @ “0.001 o STEM Write these measurements in metres, The size of the influenza virus is about 1.2 um. The radius of a hydrogen atom is 25pm. A fingernail grows about 0.9 nm every second. Active Li ‘@TT] Homework, practice and support:Unit 1 Number 7 Copy and complete. a 45000 = 45 « b 10000 = 109 © 45000 = 45 «109 ‘A number is in standard form when it is in the form A x 10", where 1 Q7 hint Make sure you know how to switch between a asa simplified surd surd form and decimals on your calculator. b asadecimal. 8 a Asurd simplifies to 4/5. What could the original surd be? b Reflect How did you find the surd? 18 © es nin the form ® where a and b are integers Rational numbers can be written asa fra and b #0, A 2 is rational as it can be written as, 0.2is rational asit can be written as 2, 9 V2 is irrational.Unit 1 Number 10 Copy and complete the table using the numbers below. Rational Irrational Yo 62 4 ve vit 14 yA 93 a vag 21 Solve the equation x? - 90 = 0, giving your answer as a surd in its mien simplest form. nah Discussion Can you solve the equation x? + 90 = 0 in the same evo way? Explain your answer. 12. Solve these equations, giving your answer as a surd in its simplest form. a 4x?=200 b y?=80 © 3x*=36 do ax? 16-42 13. The area of a square is 60cm”. Find the length of one side of the square. Give your answer asa surd in its simplest form. 16 8 Workout i SE x 27 i 5 x OVI? Qida hint Multiply the iii 910% a5 iv @T2 x35 integers together and the b Use a calculator to check your answers to parts i to iv. SHE tren lh Pores To rationalise the denominator of, multilyby 2, Then the fraction will have an integer as the denominator. 6 va Rationalise the denominator. 1 el ve b y Multiplying by “FIs the same as multiplying by 1, so this does not change the value. b First simplify V7 ‘Simplify the fraction before rationalising, V75 SYS V3 VB VG 3 15. Rationalise the denominators. Simplify your answers if possible. 2 a ney “2 a a 3 aay 2 3 32 11 02 f a h AL “8 . “iUnit 1 Number [=] 16 Reasoning / Problem-solving Ben types mn into his calculator. His display shows 1 &. Show that = b_ Use your calculator to check your answers from Q14. wt as 17 The area of a rectangle is 20.m®. The length of one side is VSem. ‘Work out the length of the other side. Give your answer as a surd in its simplest form, 18 Work out the area of these shapes. a b « v2 vt —] a . | 10 Give your answer as a surd in its simplest form. [[eis hint Moti ehe numerator: and denominator separately Then atonale the denominator Afurniture maker orders 22 metal legs. He uses the legs to make three-legged stools and four-legged chairs. Describe the different ways he can use all the legs. PILTEEE TEL EEE TE EEET ET 1} draw a picture to represent 22 metal legs, taloot _| Girele 3 legs for one stool. Can you use the CUDIIIT ELL EELL EEL LETT remaining 19 eps to make complete chairs? No. 2 stools 4 chairs Circle another 3 legs for two stools. Can you use the ~| remaining 16 legs to make complete chairs? Yes. COLA A oo = u 6 stools ‘chair | Draw the diagram again. Are there any other ways ———__~———.._——, _| you can circle the legs to make complete chairs and CUCL DODD | sto0tse He can use 22 legs to make 2 stools and 4 chairs or 6 stools and 1 chair | ‘Write your answer An alternative method is to use a list. Number of stools | 1 | 2 6 Number of chairs | 4 | 4 Legs left over 1920 Unit 1 Number 1 G 1 2 3 There are 20 chairs in a conference room. The conference organiser can put 4, 5 or 6 chairs at a table. a Describe the different ways the room can be arranged so that all the chairs are used. b What is the maximum number of tables required in the room? QI hint Draw a picture or use a list. A play park is 18 m wide and 31.5m long. The council plans to —_| Q2 hint Drewa picture to enclose it with a fence, using a supporting post every 225m. | help you see what you do How many posts does the council need? to solve the problem. When two plant stakes are placed end to end, their total length is 1.451, When the two stakes are placed side by side, one is 0.15m longer than the other. What lengths are the stakes? Give your answer in em. Finance In canteen, a starter costs £0.80, a main costs £2.40 Q& hint Find numbers and a dessert costs £1.20. that add to £10. Three friends bought lunch and paid £10 in total. They each had at least two courses. How many starters, mains and desserts did they buy? (03 hint Draw one picture to represent the first sentence. Draw another picture to represent the second sentence. Finance A bicycle shop hires road bikes for £25 per day and tandems for £40 per day. One day a family pays £155, ‘a Which type of bicycles did they hire? b How many people are in the family? A tour company offers three different walking tours. The landmark tour leaves every 15 minutes. The parks tour leaves every 20 minutes, ‘The museum tour leaves every 45 minutes, Allwalking tours start at 9am, When do the landmark, parks and museum tours next leave at the same time? Q6 hint List all the different times each tour leaves. Reflect How can you solve Qé6 without making a list? Discussion Does it matter how you solve a maths problem? Log how you did on your Student Progression Chart. alculations, factors and multiples 16.1 «9.2 =153.64 Use this fact to work out the calculations below. Check your answers using an approximate calculation. a lerx92 b 15364+167 Estimate the value of 5d to the nearest tenth. 8.19% 6.43 6.84 x 3.97 b Use your calculator to work out each answer. Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place. a Estimate | (W651-617)x198 i Active Li QT] Homework, practice and support:Unit 1 Number 4 Write 90 as a product of its prime factors in index form, 5 Find the highest common factor (HCF) and lowest common multiple (LCM) of 14 and 18. 6 Inprime factor form, 2450 = 2 x 5 x 72 and 68 600 = 2? x 5 « 73, a What is the HCF of 2450 and 68600? Give your answer in prime factor form. bb What is the LCM of 2450 and 68 600? Give your answer in prime factor form. Indices and surds 7 Copy and complete. a 102 1000 b #7 < 2-16 d sO=1 8 Work out jee pe qo 2-25) x3 Veisce> a ie b (@-2)x3P — ¢ WVBT+ear 9 Write each product asa single power. a 93x97 b 2tx9x27 c sas 2816 . a a= ee # 10 Work out o a 2 b 252 © (al 16% 11 Simplify a ee b 5y7000 12 Ratlonalise the denominators, Simplify your answers if possible. 1 4 bt vio ay Standard form 13 Write these numbers in standard form. a 32040000 b 0.0007 14 Write these as ordinary numbers. a 5.6x10¢ b 109x107 15. Work out these. Give your answers in standard form, a (x 109 x (9x 107) b (3x10) + (6x 109) © (8x10) +6 «10% 16 How sure are you of your answers? Were you mostly Just guessing (2) Feeling doubtful () confident G) ‘What next? Use your results to decide whether to strengthen or extend your learning. * Challenge 17 The diagram shows a warehouse (W) and five A 40min 8 destinations (AB, C.D, E),and the times it takes, to drive between each of them. Sin. qomin: delivery driver has to deliver packages to 20 min| Wh 0 15 min Sec ABC Dand E. He starts and ends at W. 20 min ‘a Which is the quickest route? 30 mit 45 min b Write your own delivery driver question. : Sonn ~ a1Unit 1 Number Calculations, factors and multiples 1 Copy and complete these number patterns. 2 038x294 11.172 b 6011545 + 94.67 = 635 Qia hint 38 =038 x 10 3.8% 29.4-| 60 115.45 + 94.67 =| Bore 38x 294 6011545 + 94.67 380% 29.4=[ ] 6011545 + 9467 =[_] 3800 « 29.4 60115 450 = 94.67 = 2 89x721= 64.169 Use this fact to work out the calculations below. Check your answers using an approximate calculation. a 89x721 b 89x 7210 © 089» 0.721 d 0.089 «0.721 © 64.169 + 72.1 f 641694 7.21 Q2 hint Write outa ‘number pattern to help you, 3 Copy and complete this square root number line. vi v4 vO vis VO VO vO vé4 VO Far An S (Q4a hint Use your HOso*#s70 8 number line from Q3, 4 Estimate the value to the nearest tenth. Which two square roots does 52 lie between? a V52 b V0 c V5 Which is it closer to? 5 a Estimate 1 VR B96 25.16 - E09 %8.96 Q5a i hint Round each : ieee, number to the nearest iil, 926-64 + 80.7 Vat whole number. Which square root is b_ Usea calculator to work out each answer. closest to.on your square Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place. root number line? 6 Copy and complete these calculations in index form 2 2x2%243x3=2x30 b 2x2%3x5=20x[ ]x ¢ 3x3x3e3xT KTS 7 a Copyand complete this factor tree for 60 until you end up with just prime factors, we 6 os Oo oO oO Q7b hint Write all the prime factors from your tree multiplied b Write 60 as a product of its prime factors. Sure © Write your answer to part b in index form. 8 Write each number as a product of its prime factors in index form. a 24 b 80 © 45 d 30 e 16 fa 22 Active Learn Homework, practice and support: Higher 1 StrengthenUnit 1 Number 9 a Write 18 as a product of its prime factors. 18=[ «Lx b Write 45 asa product of its prime factors. 45-(]»O)« Copy and complete this diagram. (Q9d hint HF Prime factors, Prime factors of 18 of 45 | Put any prime factors of both numbers where ‘Qe hint Lem circles overlap. li Put the remaining prime factors of 18 in the left-hand part of the left circle. iil Put the remaining prime factors of 45 in the right-hand part of the right circle. dd Work out the HCF. © Work out the LCM. 10. Find the highest common factor (HCF) and lowest common multiple (LCM) of a 20and30 b 2tand28 a @ ieanioe @ ase Q10 hint Use the method in Q9. Indices and surds 1 Copy and complete. a 2x2x2=20- b 5x5=s0- ¢ -3x-3 x= ee 2 Workout ‘Qzchint a Be b S- a4 M2 6h d 105=i000 Wahu t= @abxaxh=[_] 3 Work out a 3xv8l b 2x VI6 Q3 hint First work out RT KG d 10? +-V any powers or roots. © 3x § Ox YTTR5 x Y=T0OO Then multiply or divide. 4 Work out a 5x W- 3-2 ‘Qab hint First work out the round brackets. b (+3) +2" ‘Then work out the square brackets. « vavag 8 5 Copy and complete. a Gx3x3x3x3)xGx3x3) 230030230 babe 4x 0) x x4 4 x 4 6 04) = An = gO OO 6x6 _ 6 OO TxPXTXTXTXT TeTxT To multiply powers, _ the indices. To divide powers, © the indices.Unit 1 Number 6 Work out a Sx 5t= b PxT ¢ Ste5te d +9 e Bx84= f Dette 7 Write these asa single power of a prime number. a 16x8=20xa0- b 25% 125% 25 © 16x64x8 do arxa7rx9 8 Copy and complete. a @PaMx axes b O26 x6) x64 6 = 0 <= d @yr= © Towork out a power raised to a power, the indices. @ Work out using a calculator 5° 7 ii) 1920 ca Use your answer to part a to work out these without a calculator. i 120 co iii 24560 iv 108 10 8 Work out using a calculator i VTS 169° Use your answer to part a to work these out without a calculator. 648 252 iii a1 14a © Work out using a calculator. i Ysie ii 5123 d_ Use your answer to part ¢ to work these out without a calculator. i 125% i 27 iii 10007 iv 8 © Copy and complete 16! =976-[] 11 a Workout i oat oak b Use your answer to Q10d to help you work out, i 12st ii 278 iit 10005 ive Use your answer to Q10e to help you work out 162. 12 2 Copy and complete L100 us ih BPS 7)0 _ 36 CPs b- Work out a 102 iit 367 1253 13. Copy and complete. Q6 hint Use the rules from Q5. Qi0¢ hint Use what you have learned in parts tod. uta hint 64 = Cal Work out 64? and square your answer ‘Quichint 16¢ = (1641 Use the same strategy as in part a By 505 a s075D=tl ue ‘Q13c hint Write the b 84=[]x21,s0 8a «vLJ=Lhl ‘square numbers up to 100. simplify Find a square number that a as ee isa factor of 96.Unit 1 Number 14 Work out a vax yh b v25 xV25 c ViTxvi7 d vai xvai 415. Rationalise the denominator. Simplify your answer if possible. ‘Qi5a hint Multiply both the 4 € 2. numerator end denominator by VT?. vit var ot a Q15c hint First rewrite the denominator. ve ¥e-L\z Standard form 1 Are these numbers in standard form? Q1 hint A number written in fnot, give reasons why. standard form looks like this. a 9.004 ™ 10? "a b 32x10 A al 10: © 73 milion number’ tines power d 08x10" between ‘sign of 10 and 10 2 Write each number using standard form. 68000 = 6.8 10 . Q2a hint 68 lies between 1 and 10. b 94000000 Multiply by 10 how many times to get 68000? © 801000 : pn Q2d hint 4 lies between 1 and 10. = Divide by 10 how many times to get 0.000004? f 0.000000053 aes 3 Workout x10) x (2 107) =[]x 100 Dorineerimy POR 4x2 x 102 x 107 © (610%) « (2x10) a ea (6109 = (8109 LS 3d hint 48 = 48 x10) © (710%) x (8x 109 fF (8x10 «(6x 10%) 4 a Write 2.5 « 108 and 1.3 x 10% as ordinary numbers. Use your answers to part a to help you work out (25 « 104) +(1.3 x 104) ‘Qéa hint 10 = 10000 1 0 o 1 Problem-solving Square A has side length of 9.2 em. Square B has a perimeter of 34.4 cm. ‘Square C has an area of 80 cm* a Which square has the greatest perimeter? b Which square has the smallest area? 25Unit 1 Number 10 Show that 27? = 93 = 36 Q2 communication hint ‘Show that’ means show your working. Here are some properties of a number. + Itisa common factor of 216 and 540. + Ibis a common multiple of 9 and 12. Write two numbers with these properties. (6 marks) 2 Write 48, 90 and 150 as products of their prime factors. b Use a Venn diagram to work out the HCF and LCM of 48, 90 and 150. Discussion Explain how the diagram can be used to find the HCF and LCM of any two of the numbers. 90 Real A new school is deciding whether their lessons should be 30, 50 or 60 minutes. Each length of lesson fits exactly into the total teaching time of the school day. How long is the teaching time of the school day? Discussion Ryan says there is more than one answer to this question. Is Ryan correct? Explain your answer. Reasoning ‘8 Use prime factors to explain why numbers ending in a zero must be divisible by 2 and 5. b How many zeros are there at the end of 2 x 3" x 5° x 72? © Use prime factors to work out 32 * 9 x 3125. Write your answer as an ordinary number and in standard form, A150 Put prime factors of all three in the very centre first. Write each of these as a simplified product of powers. BOE 29 54 = (2 5)? «29 x 54 = Dx BET 29 6 = aT SE b 6x24 15) «10% «62 30% 262 « 15) Estimate the value of 524 STEM Write each answer i as an ordinary number in standard form. a Saturn has a diameter of 120536 000m. Convert this to kilometres. The distance from the Sun to Mars is 227 900000km. Convert this distance to metres. © The diameter of a grain of sand is 4 um. Convert this to metres. d_ The wavelength of an X-ray is 0.1 nm. Convert this to metres. Every six months, new licence plates are issued in the UK. A licence plate consists of two letters, then two numbers, then three letters. The numbers are fixed, but the letters vary. a {fall letters can be used, how many possible combinations are there? b_ Ifonly 21 letters can be used, how may possible combinations are there?Unit 1 Number 11 STEM/Problem-solving A container ship carries 1.8 « 10"kg, ‘An aeroplane can carry 3.8 x 10°kg. What is the difference in their mass? Write your answer in standard form. °° Gp geestion Tf cre strategy tine ‘Work out Toadd and suburact 5 8 73 fractions you “ae vm 8 need to wite them with a common denominator Write each answer in the form a2, GB marks) 13. Write 3 asa surd and rationalise the denominator. 14 A restaurant offers $ starters, 7 mains and 3 desserts, A customer ean choose ‘+ just one course ‘+ any combination of two courses + all three courses. ‘Show that a customer has 191 options altogether. 15. Estimate the value of Qisahint a G1x10) b V62~ 10" (Gx 10)? =3.1 «10? x3.1 «10° © (9%10%) 16 Estimate to the nearest whole number Sapesine seo mura ne te hele: a ap b Le c 2at ver VOY dO eve f ¥30 o o oO al © When there are m ways of doing one task and m ways of doing a different task, the total number of ways the two tasks can be done is m =n. © You can round numbers to 1 or 2 significant figures to estimate the answers to calculations, including calculations with powers and roots. .... © You can usea prime factor tree to write a number as the product of its prime factors... cesses SESS AAUNCEESNGEGVCOSCRESRE © You can use a Venn diagram of prime factors to work out the highest ‘common factor and lowest common multiple of two numbers. Mastery lesson 1.3 © The prime factor decomposition of a number is the number written as the product of its prime factors. It is usually written in index form, ............... Mastery lesson 1.3 © When multiplying powers, add the indices: 2” 2 When dividing powers, subtract the indices: x" + 2"= xn" To raise a power to another power, multiply the indices. 1 s a ae rene PEPSI ccc ceccccseeerssseesensnnne Mastery lesson 1.4, 15 = Wey ry © Anumber in standard form is written in the format A x 10, where A is a number between 1 and 10 and m is an integer. .........sersssessesssseesseees Mastery lesson 16 2728 Unit 1 Number © Towrite a number in standard form: + work out the value of A + work out how many times 4 must be multiplied or divided by 10. This is the value of n. .... fastery lesson 1.6 © To simplify a surd, identify any factors that are square numbers. ............. Mastery lesson 1.7 © To rationalise a denominator, multiply the numerator and the denominator by the surd in the denominator and simplify. wes Mastery lesson 1.7 For each statement A, B and C, choose a score: 1 strongly disagree; 2- disagree; 3- agree; 4 strongly agree Alalways try hard in mathematics B Doing mathematics never makes me worried Clam good at mathematics For any statement you scored less than 3, write down two things you could do so that you agree more strongly in the future. Log how you did on your ‘Student Progression Chart. 1 623x54=33.642 ‘8 Write down two more multiplications with an answer of 33.642. b- Write down a division with an answer of 0.623. @ marks) List these numbers in order, starting with the smallest. Show your working. 322 TV 13.74 3a Estimate (17.9 - 36.13) x 3.89 Use a calculator to work out the answer. Give your answer correct to 1 decimal place. (2 marks) 4% 2 Write 42 as a product of its prime factors Use your answer to write 84° as a product of its prime factors in index form. (4 marks) 5 Work out the HCF and LCM of 75 and 30. @ marks) 6 Real Ben and Sadie are doing a sponsored walk around a circuit. Ben takes 25 minutes to do one circuit and Sadie takes 45 minutes. They start together at 9:30 am, When will they next cross the start line together? (2 marks) 7 Find the value of a. a Bx 5Ha 5 b 6s 656 © BxBe= 8 G marks) 8 Write Basa single power. (Lark) 9 Use prime factors to determine whether 2520 is divisible by 18 @ marks) 10 Write each number in standard form. a 0.00000065 b 09 million ¢ 320x10° G marks) -2 11 Write @ a8 a fraction in its simplest form. (2 marks) Active Learn Homework, practice and support: Higher 1 Unit testUnit 1 Number 12 Letx=6 « 10° and y=8 x 10+. Work out arty ba-y coy d Virite your answers in standard form, (4 marks) als 13 9-27" ‘Work out the value of 2. (2 marks) 14 Work out the area of this shape. Write your answer as a simplified surd. a ¥30 | (3 marks) © Gaesoiesems How many different 4-digit odd numbers are there, where the first digit is not zero? (3 marks) 16 Rationalise the denominator. (2 marks) ale Sample student answer ‘The maths is correct, but the student will only get 2 marks. Why? (One sheet of paper is 9 * 10-*em thick. ‘Mark wants to put 500 sheets of paper into the paper tray of his printer. ‘The paper tray is 4.em deep. Is the paper tray deep enough for 500 sheets of paper? ‘You must explain your answer. G marks) June 2013, QUIS, MAOH Student answer 9x10 «500 0.009 «500 9x 500 = 4500 «1000= 4.5ALGEBRA The amount that a plumber charges customers depends on a variety of things, including labour and parts. Labour might be based on an hourly charge of £60, and a fixed call-out charge of £80. A formula for the total labour charge £C for a job that takes ¢ hours might be or + 80 How much does the plumber charge for a job that takes 2 hours? How long is the job when the cost is £260? Prior knowledge check id °y simplify Write down the highest common factor Pepxpxp cxexdxdxd (HCF) of i Tm «2m If C6f) and 18 1S and 35 i hx 9x yey afiends6: M 2eenei sh Work out the value of Work out 4p! when p=2 (3) « C4) = 2(m +7) when m= 3 one re 5x + yp when x=2and y= 10~ (8+ when s=1 and t= 2 f oF Use the formula 7 =u + at to work out the Simplifyithese actin _ value of o when u=10,a=2andt=3. : 2 ° Expand ebraic fluenc 7e+3) 20-3) Sinalty 3yye+7) 9(@x-y +1) rex yy £9 Factorise each expression completely wx? ax-2 > 20y +15. sq ct-2c nant 3010. Solve these equations. Show your working, a x+7=5 b Sx-1-19 © 5(-3)-10 date + 1)=36 Find the value of x in the formula R=2ax-b when R=23,a=3and b=7. Write an equation and use it to find the value of x in the diagram. a 12 13. Make x the subject of each. a x-5=y b ax=y a Work out the output of this function machine when the input is 4. = = b By using an inverse function machine, or otherwise, find the input when the output is 48. 14 15. Use these position-to-term rules to work out the first four terms of each sequence. a ™+2 b 20-6n Write down the term-to-term rule and the next two terms of each sequence. a 211,20... b -1,-3,-9,... © 62-2... d 202,002... 16 Unit2 Algebra £17 Which of the sequences in Q46 are a. arithmetic b geometric ascending descending? 18 Write down the first four terms of the sequence defined by a. first term = 4 term-to-term rule b first term =3 term-to-rule is ‘multiply by 2” ‘add 7° * Challenge 19 a Work out 142 14243 i 1424344 iv 142434445 b_ By substituting m= 2, 3, 4 and 5 into the formula 3n(r + 1), verify that this formula produces the sum of the first 1 positive whole numbers. Use the formula in part b to work out the sum of the first 100 whole numbers. d Work out iP+2 # Psa” P+2+P4e Wy P4243 445 @ By comparing your answers with those for part a, write down a formula for the sum of the first 2 cube numbers. 1 Write as a power of 2. a Bx2t b 28422 2 Write as a power of a single number. 10% 10 Sct a b Gass: Active Learn Homework, practice and support: Higher 2.1 < 2 at Bo cf 31Unit 2 Algebra ‘Questions in this unit are targeted at the steps indicated. —_ a= SS & Simoliby Q3ahinta? dx Tv? © Ssitx3st® fF 2pq2x Sp2q?x3pq | Ose hint 55% «3595-5 x3 xs?xs?xoxt 5 Simplify a oy Mxax apes b ries See Sain axe xO 2 oe a oe Bey’ Pp wy Q5b hint x" +a" 2" bad txt oF a 6 Simplify 14g” of? v b f Gxt soe do 12w" +40 79g ar 7 Simplify a ier b (x ¢ Discussion Which of these expressions are equivalent? Oxex ar? (3x)? (3x4) 27x (3x3? 3x*x Ox? 8 Simplify Be\) q “yp B QBa hint (r= 2x (FP a ler’ bf « () See 2 Multiply or divide each pair of expressions connected by a line in this diagram. Divide in the direction of the arrow. Reflect Which pair of expressions was easiest to multiply/divide? Why? Which pair was hardest? Why? 10. Simplify 2 (2x'y'? b (exy'? ‘ 11 Reasoning Copy and complete a PeexO0=20 b ext-g00-30 g sepets soe teexe Of veeeE 7] Poe Therefore x=] eee E c eeat=x00=20 wits f Fee exe "El Q11b hint x has a negative power oO Therefore x= — oO Re 3 2