42 Analysis and Design of Substructures

e
a + b£

Fig. 2.28. ( a ) Typical Stress-Strain Curve; (b) Transformed Stress-Strain

Representation ( Kondner, 1962 ).
\
Table 2.11 . Typical Range of Values for Poisson ’s Ratio ( Bowles , 1996 ) .

Type of Soil

Clay, saturated 0.4-0.5

Clay, unsaturated 0.3-0.45
Sandy clay 0.2-0.3
Silt 0.3-0.35
Sand ( dense ) 0.2-0.4
Coarse ( void ratio = 0.4 - 0.7 ) 0.15
Fine - grained ( void ratio = 0.4 - 0.7 ) 0.25
Rock 0.1 -0.4 ( depends somewhat
on type of rock )
Loess 0.1 -0.3
Concrete 0.15

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

Example 2.1
( a ) A soil sample of diameter 38.1 mm and length 76.2 mm
has wet and dry weight as
0.1843 kg and 0.1647 kg respectively. Tire specific gravity of the solids is
2.70.
Detemrine dry density, moist density, void ratio, water content, degree of
saturation
and porosity.
( b ) Suppose the diameter and length of the sample were
incorrectly measured as 37.6
mm and 75.6 min respectively. What would be the resulting error in the
computed
values of water content and degree of saturation .

Solution
( a ) Volume of specimen = n/ 4 x (38.1 ) 2 x (76.2) = 86880 mm3