40. aktiv pracovnikov odboru ocefovych konatrukcii STAV A PERSPEKTIVY ROZVOJA ODBORU 22.— 23. oktober 2015, Hotel Marlene, OSéadnica EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF TORSIONAL RESTRAINT GIVEN TO THIN-WALLED MEMBERS BY SANDWICH PANELS 1. Balazs - J. Melcher - M. Karmazinova - A. Belica - R. Oly - T. Misiek * Abstract Sandwich panels have been used in building industry as roof and wall cladding. Usually they are supported by cold-formed steel members (purlins, girts). Restraint given to 2 thin-walled member by sandwich panels prevents its deformation and positively influences its buckling resistance. In case of sandwich panels, it is possible fo utilize their shear stiffness to stabilize a cold-formed member against lateral displacement under downward as well es uplift load acting on sandwich panels. Torsional restraint can be standardly considered for downward load only. In some applications with cold-formed sections certain value of torsional restraint under uplift oad can be considered. Determination of this value should be assisted by testing 1, INTRODUCTION Sandwich panels are in many cases supported by cold-formed steel beams with C-, Z- or Z-cross-sections. The panels provide restraint to the beam and prevent its deformation along the span. Fastening of panels of certain stiffness can thereby increase buckling resistance of a thin-walled beam. The standard [1] provides basic procedures to consider this influence in structural design Shear stiffness of sandwich panels can be utilized for stabilization of a beam against lateral displacement in case of downward or uplift load (e.g. wind) acting on sandwich panel surface. It applies for beams of hot-olled as well as for cold-formed cross- sections. Rotational restraint provided by sandwich panels can be generally utilized in case of downward load only. Uplift load results in reduction of the contact area and in the locations between fasteners it causes gaps between panel and thin-walled * Ing. Ivan Bales, Institute of Metal and Timber Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Bro University of Technology, Vevefi 331/95, 602 00 Bmo, The Czech Republic, balazs.i@fce.vutor.cz Prof. Ing Jindfich Melcher, OrSc., Institute cf Metal and Timber Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Bmo University of Technology, Vevefi 351/95, 602 00 Brno, The Czech Republic, melcher j@foe.vutbr cz Prof. Ing. Marcela Karmazinova, CSc., Institute of Metal and Timber Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Bmo University of Technology, Vevefi 331/95, 602 00 Bmo, The Czech Republic, karmazinova.m@fee.vutbr.cz Ing. Andrej Belica, PhD., Lindab SA., Route d'Ettelbruck 34, 9230 Diekirch, Luxembourg, abelica@astron.biz René Oly, Lindab S.A., Route d'Ettelbruck 34, 9230 Diekirch, Luxembourg, r.oly@astron.biz Dr. Ing. Thomas Misiek, Breinlinger Ingenieure, KanalstraBe 1-4, 78532 Tuttingen, Germany, thomas misiek@breinlinger de 23beam. Absence of contact between both beams and panel can result in possibility of free rotation of the beam between fasteners or even over the complete length of the beam. Certain values of rotational stiffness given by sandwich panels under uplift load can be considered in some applicatons with cold-formed beams only [2] and should be determined by experiments. There is a lack of data of these values. This problem is currently a subject of research, The standard [1] gives a relatively simple test setup for experimental determination of rotational stiffness given to a cold-formed beam by planar members (sheeting or comparable elements used as. building envelope). As the test setup does not cover the influence of external load acting on the surface of the planar members, it is not suitable for the problem of torsional restraint under uplift load in cases where there is an indentation of the fasteners or a significant transverse bending of the planar member. Document [2] gives a test setup that takes the external load into account. The test setup is utilized in experimental program of torsional restraint given to cole-formed beams by sandwich panels under uplift load which is a subject of this paper. Rotational stiffness Co is defined as torsional moment that causes unit rotation of the flange of the beam. The value of rotational stiffness is influenced by stiffness of the joint between the planar member and beam and by stiffness due to distortion of the beam cross-section [1]. It is important especially in case of cold-formed members that are prone to cross-section distortion, Generally, the rotational stiffness depends also on external load and its direction [3]. 2. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH A series of tests for experimental determination of rotational stiffness given to cold- formed beams by sandwich panels under uplift load was ordered by the Lindab S.A. company. The tests were performed in the year 2015 at the testing laboratory of the Institute of Metal and Timber Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Cold-formed beams with Z-cross-section were used. Two different beam depths (203 mm and 254 mm) and two different thicknesses (1.70 mm and 2.67 mm) were utilized, The tests were performed with two types of sandwich panels: roof panel HOESCH THERMODACH and wall panel HOESCH ISOWAND VARIO. Thickness of both types of panels was 80 mm. Their width was 4.0 m, length 4.0 m and the span was 3.5 m. The panels consist of thin steel facings and insulation core. Cross-section of the beams and panels are displayed in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 9 9 4 “4 ra rr a 1 170 201 1 oo 1,70 267 “+ -|- z z ae, a ous os wt i x“ / f rf 1 fu rf Ley Bea va Be Fig. 1 Cold-formed beam cross-sections 24HOESCH THERMODACH HOESCH ISOWAND VARIO. 1000 Fig. 2 Sandwich panels cross-sections The test setup was based on recommendation in document [2]. The scheme is illustrated in Fig. 3. Picture in Fig. 4 displays the test setup during one of the tests FRAME STIFFENER SANDWICH PANELS SANDWICH PANELS. BEAM vyyyVYvVVYY Vy wy vy \ LEVER ARM \CENTER OF ROTATION \ VACUUM CHAMBER SUCTION Fig. 3 Test setup scheme Fig. 4 Performance of a test 2Within the frame of the experimental program each type of sandwich panel was tested with beams of both depths and thicknesses. Each test was performed twice so that the whole series consisted of 16 tests. Vacuum testing method [4] was utilized for the introduction of a uniformly distributed suction load on the surface of the sandwich panels. The specimen was placed on a timber vacuum chamber which was equipped with a vacuum pump. Tightness of the vacuum chamber was ensured by foil. For each test, two sandwich panels and two cold-formed beams were utilized. The panels were fastened to the beams by self-drillng screws. In case of the THERMODACH panel, four self-drilling screws along the width of one panel were used for fastening to the beam. The ISOWAND VARIO panels (with hidden fixing in the longitudinal joint) were fastened to the beam at both edges of the panels using couple of seff-drilling screws together with steel load-distribution plates. The beams were supported by steel frame with stiffening construction. Steel lever arms were connected to both ends of a beam to enable it to be rotated. The rotation was rather prevented by the panels. The restoring moment was measured as a force on a lever arm by a force transducer. The beam was equipped with inclinometers to measure its displacement. For the force introduction the bridge crane was used The rotation of the beam was done at four load levels: under no suction and under three diferent levels of suction (based on tabled load-bearing capacity of the sandwich panels). Within the last level of suction seven cycles of rotation was performed, Three levels of rotation were performed otherwise. Rotated beam cross-section under uplift load can be seen in Fig. 5. In Fig. 6, noticeable gap between the beam and the sandwich panel laterally deflected due to suction is depicted Fig. 5 Rotation of the beam cross-section (test with the THERMODACH panels) 26Fig. 6 Gap between sandwich panel and beam (test with the ISOWAND panels) Data obtained from the inclinometers on the beam cross-section and from the force transducer was used for tests evaluation and calculation of the rotational stiffness. The torsional moment due to force on the lever arm was transformed to couple of forces in beam flanges. Knowing the force magnitude together with appropriate lateral visplavernenit of bear Marige allowed applivalion uf tie procedure acuding to [1] for tests evaluation. Using these input values, the total lateral spring stiffness K ‘was computed, The total lateral spring stifmess obtained from the test consists of two components: a spring stiffness corresponding to the rotational stiffness of the joint between the panel and the beam Kz and lateral spring stiffness due to distortion of the beam cross-section Ks, The value of Ks can be calculated using formula given by standard [1], the value of Ks can be then easily calculated as well as the searched value of rotational stiffness Co, 3. CONCLUSION The paper focuses on the description of tests performed within the frame of the experimental investigation of torsional restraint given to cold-formed steel beams by sandwich panels. During the tests, significant rate of beams cross-sections distortion was observed. On the basis of ongoing evaluation of performed tests the utlized procedures can be preliminarily considered as adequate for tests of this type. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The paper was elaborated with the support of the Lindab S.A. company, within the frame of the specific research programme of the Bro University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering No FAST-J-15-2804 and within the research project No LO1408 “AdMaS UP - Advanced Materials, Structures and Technologies’, 27supported by the National Sustainability Programme | of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. REFERENCES [1] CSN EN 1993-1-3 Eurokéd 3: Navrhovani ocelovych konstrukci — Cast 1-3: Obecné pravidla — Dopliujici pravidla pro tenkosténné za studena tvarované pivky a plosné profily (Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-3: General rules — Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting). Cesky normalizaén’ institut, 2008. [2] European Recommendations on the Stabilization of Steel Structures by Sandwich Panels. CIB, International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, ECCS - European Convention for Constructional Steelwork, 2013 [3] Vrany, T.: Effect of loading on the rotational restraint of cold-formed purlins, Thin- Walled Structures 44, 2006, pp. 1287-1292 [4] Melcher, J., Karmazinova, M.: Experimental verification of process of deformation and load-bearing capacity of structural ferro-cement planar members with utilization of vacuum testing method. Verified technology. Testing laboratory of the Institute of Metal and Timber Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 2009. 28