Stop 1 of 3 1.4.1le Refer to circuit diagram in Figure £4.1 in the text book. The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1. 12v(*) Step 2 of 3 Write the node equation at the inverting terminal. vy yin. 2k 12k Apply ideal op-amp conditions. Step 3 of 3 Write the expression for the current /, . V, 10 Substitute 84 V for V, in the equation. mA 10k -8Vv 10k =8.4mA Therefore, the current 7, is 10 kQ l Figure |Stop 1 of 2 1.4.1f Refer to Figure 4PFE-1 in the text book. The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1 Step 2 of 2 Write the node equation at the inverting terminal. Ath, =l, 4-v, -2- -¥, ech nt 4 12 R, Apply ideal op-amp conditions, v_ =v, andé_ =i, Since non-inverting terminal is grounded, by using the fact that »_ =0 Substitute 0 for »_ and —3V for Y, in the equation. 4-v_ | -2-v + 4 12 R 4-0 -2-0_0-(-3) 4 12 R es R, 6 R, =3.6kQ Hence, the value of resistance R, is 3.6kQ. Therefore, the correct option is [-l.Stop 1 of 3 Refer to waveform shown in Figure P4.1 in the textbook. The value of gain ( A, ) is 15. It is known that, for an amplifier the output voltage is, AM Calculate the output voltage at ¢ =) . 15(0 mV) =0V Calculate the output voltage at y = 9.5* v, =15(50 mV) =750 mV Calculate the output voltage at 7 = 0,5" - =15(-100 mV) =~1500 mV Calculate the output voltage at y= |* . 15(0) =0V Step 2 of 3 Calculate the output voltage at y= )- . 3(-150 mV) =~2250 mV Calculate the output voltage at » = 1.5* - y, =15(50 mV} =750 mV Calculate the output voltage at y = 1.5" . =15(0 mV) =0V Calculate the output voltage at y= 2 =15(0) =0V Step 3 of 3 The output waveform is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Therefore, the output waveform for the amplifier is shown in Figure 1 1.4.1pStep 1 of 2 1 4 .2E Refer to circuit diagram in Figure E4.2 in the text book. The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 2 Write the node equation at the inverting terminal. heh v.-0 Vi-v RR, Apply ideal op-amp conditions. R o R Therefore, the gain of the op-amp is|I +Step 1 of 3 1.4.2EF Refer to Figure 4PFE-2 in the text book. The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1. 18 kQ Step 2 of 3 Write the node equation at the inverting terminal of the first op-amp. h+l,=1 2-v_ -l-v + 6 12 18 Apply ideal op-amp conditions, v_ =v, andi_ =#, Since non-inverting terminal is grounded, by using the fact that v_ =0 . Substitute the values v_ =@ in the expression. Step 3 of 3 Write the node equation at the inverting terminal of the second op-amp. Iytl=al, v, Bev. v, 6 12 36 Apply ideal op-amp conditions, v_ =v, andi. Since non-inverting terminal is grounded, by using the fact that v. =O. Substitute the values y_ =Q and y, =—4,5¥V in the expression. Hence, the output voltage Y, is 18V . Therefore, the correct option ish.Step 1 of 2 1.4.2P Consider the waveform shown in textbook Figure P4.2. The waveform is the output of an amplifier with gain ¥, “5. We know that y, = “= Where A, 5 The output voltage values from the waveform with respect to time instants are vy =0,4,12,12,12,8,0 at 1 =0 to 6 respectively %y =-8 at 1=6° And -12,-6,0 at £=7to9 respectively From the output voltage values, we can find the voltage values from the above equation. Therefore at 1=0 t=! Step 2 of 2 From the above voltage values, the input waveform is vn (V) Figure 1 Therefore the input waveform for the given amplifier is as shown in Figure 1.Stop 1 of 4 1.4.3E Refer to circuit diagram in Figure E4.3 in the text book. The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 4 Write the node equation at the inverting terminal, h=h, 0_Y, 1 100 Apply ideal op-amp conditions. Step 3 of 4 Calculate the gain of the op-amp circuit by substitute 1 kQ for R, and 100 kQ for R, in the equation. +k R 4 00k2 1kQ =1+100 =101 Therefore, the gain of the op-amp is [TOI] - Step 4 of 4 Write the expression for the gain of the op-amp circuit. Yo =101 ¥, ‘s Calculate the output voltage of the op-amp by substitute | mV for V, in the equation. =(101)(Imv) =0.101V Therefore, the output voltage of the op-amp isStep 1 of 2 Consider the circuit given in Figure E1.4 (a) in the text book having voltage V, = 4 V - Calculate the power P supplied by the dependent source 10V, having current J, as follows: P=(10¥;)(-,) =(10)(4 V)(-2 A) =(40)(-2) =-80 W Therefore, the power supplied by the dependent source in the Figure E1.4 (a) is [80 Step 2 of 2 Consider the circuit given in Figure E1.4 (b) in the text book having current f, = 4 A Calculate the power P supplied by the dependent source 4/, as follows: P=(10 V)(-4/,) =(10 V)(4)(-4 A) = (10)(4)(-4) =-160 W Therefore, the power supplied by the dependent source in the Figure E1.4 (b) is [160 W]Step 1 of 2 1. 4p Consider that a battery having voltage, 7 =12 V delivers the energy, (Aw) of 100 J in a time period, (dt) of 5 seconds, (a) Calculate the amount of charge, (g) delivered Therefore, the amount of delivered charge is [8, Step 2 of 2 (b) Calculate the value of current (/) produced. 4 at _8.33C 5s 833 5 Sl67A Therefore, the value of current produced isStep 1 of 3 1.5e Consider the circuit of Figure E1.5 given in the text book. Calculate the power (Pav) absorbed or supplied by the voltage source having voltage V = 24 V and current {, = 4 A by using passive sign convection as follows: Pay =(PY-1) =(24V)(-4A) =(24)(-4) =-96 W Therefore, the sign of power is negative and so the 24 V voltage source supplies a power of |96 W] . Stop 2 of 3 Calculate the power (P.) that is absorbed or supplied by element ‘1’ having voltage 7 =8 V and current 1, = 4 A by using passive sign convection as follows: (VY) (8V)(4 A) =(8)(4) =32W R Therefore, the sign of power is positive and so the element ‘1’ absorbs the power of[32 W]- Step 3 of 3 Calculate the power P,, that is absorbed or supplied by the 4/, dependent source having voltage Vv =4J, and current J, =4 A by using passive sign convection as follows: Pa, =(H)(E) =(4)(4A)(4 A) =(4)(4)(4) =64W Therefore, the sign of power is positive so the 47, dependent source absorbs the power ofStep 1 of 1 1. 5p Consider that the current, (i) in a conductor is 1,5 A and the time interval, (df) is 1.5 minutes. Calculate the value of charge, (g) . q=i(d) =(1.5 A)(1.5%60 s) =(1.5)(1.5)(60) =135C Therefore, the charge passing through any point in the conductor isStep 1 of 5 1.6e Consider the circuit of Figure E1.6 given in the text book. Calculate the power (ha vy) that is absorbed or supplied by the voltage source having voltage ¥ = 24 V and current £, = 1.5 A by using sign convection of power as follows: Pav =(V)(-4) =(24V)(-L5A) =(24)(-1.5) =-36W Therefore the sign of power is negative and so the 24 V voltage source supplies a power of [5 Step 2 of 5 Calculate the power P,, that is absorbed or supplied by the dependent source having voltage V = 2/, and current {, =1.5 A by using sign convection of power as follows: P, =V(-£,) =(28,)(-L) =(2)(1.5A)(-1.5A) =-45W Therefore the sign of power is negative and so the 2/, dependent source supplies a power of Step 3 of 5 Calculate the power (P) that is absorbed or supplied by element ‘1’ having voltage V = 6 V and current i =1.5 A by using passive sign convection as follows: RaV(1,) =(6¥V)(1.5A) =(6)(1.5) =9W Therefore the sign of power is positive and so the element ‘1’ absorbs the power of| Step 4 of 5 Calculate the power ( P, ,.) that is absorbed or supplied by voltage source having voltage V =12 V and current #, =1,5 A by using passive sign convection as follows: Pav =V(L) =(I2V)(I.5A) = (12)(1.5) =18W Therefore the sign of power is positive and so the 12 Y voltage source absorbs the power of Stop 5 of 5 Calculate the power (2 ) that is absorbed or supplied by element ‘2’ having voltage 7 =9 V and current 1, =1.5 A by using passive sign convection as follows: Rav(L) =(9 V)(L5A) =(9)(15) =13.5W Therefore the sign of power is positive and so the element ‘2’ absorbs the power of |]3.5 YW)Step 1 of 1 1. 6p Consider that the charge, (4) of 60 C is passing through an electric conductor in time period, (ar) of 30 seconds. Calculate the value of current, (i) passing in the conductor. a =G0€ 30s = ~ 30 =2A Therefore, the current passing in the conductor is [2 Al -Step 1 of 7 1.Je Consider the circuit in Figure E1.7 given in the text book. First calculate all the values of power absorbed or supplied by each element in the network by using the sign convention for power. Calculate the power (P.) absorbed or supplied by element 1’ in the circuit having voltage V = 25 V and current J =| A as follows: A VI =(25 V)(I A) =(25)(1) =25W Step 2 of 7 Calculate the power (PB, ,) absorbed or supplied by $ A current source in the circuit having voltage V =25¥ and current = 5 A as follows: Aaah) =(25 V)(-5.A) =(25)(-5) =-125W Step 3 of 7 Calculate the power (A, ) absorbed or supplied by J, current source in the circuit having voltage V =10¥V and current J = J, as follows: a,=¥(-1) =(10.V)(-1,) =-10/, Step 4 of 7 Calculate the power (A) absorbed or supplied by element ‘2’ in the circuit having voltage 7 =15 Y and current J = /, as follows: Rav(-1) =(5V)(-1,) =-I5/, Step 5 of 7 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element ‘3' in the circuit having vottage V =15 V and current 7 =2 A as follows: RaW =(15 V)(2 A) =(15)(2) =30W Step 6 of 7 Calculate the power (R, ,} absorbed or supplied by 19 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage ¥ =10¥ and current 7 = 2 A as follows: Poy =I =(10 V)(2.A) =(10)(2) =20W Step 7 of 7 According to Tellegen’s theorem sum of the power absorbed or supplied by all the elements in the network is equal to zero as follows: 25 W-125 W-10/, -151, +30 W+20 W=0 753-125-251, =0 251, =-50 L 2A Therefore, by using Tellegen’s theorem, the value of J. isStep 1 of 1 1. Tp Calculate the charge, (4) produced by a battery having current, j= 12 A within a time interval (dt) of one hour. qzidt = (12 A)(60 min) =(12 A)(60x60s) =43.2kC Therefore, the charge produced isStep 1 of 3 1.8e Consider the circuit given in Figure £1.8 in the text book. Calculate the energy w’ delivered to the box by using equation 1.4 given in the textbook as follows: ‘ we i p(t)de 4 230.0 = J 2S5e“ar o ozs =25] e ° lef Further simplification is as follows: e778) gH) w=(2a}[ =a" = =(2.5)(-0.092 + 0.25) =(2.5)(0.158) =395 mJ Therefore, the energy delivered to the box is . Step 2 of 3 Calculate the value of current i(t) in the circuit by using equation 1.3 given in the textbook as follows: i(t)= Pe) v(t) _2.5¢" W ~~ 50eT V 25 ay 50 = 500" mA Step 3 0f 3 Calculate the value of charge (q (9) delivered to the box in time interval 0 < 7 < 250 ms 45 follows: , a)=[aQa fo 023 = J (Soe mA) ar ° 025 =0.05 | edt ° ~(005{ 51" Further simplification is as follows: 4025) gH) a(t)= (009 (> =| =—0,00787 + 0.0166 = 0.0088 =8.8mC Therefore the charge delivered to the box isStep 1 of 1 1. 8p Consider Figure P1.8 in the textbook. Consider that the charge, (g) of 5 C passes through the element from point A to B. Therefore, the equation becomes as V, Calculate the voltage, (¥,) for which the energy, (w) absorbed by the element is 120 J Therefore, the voltage across the element isStep 1 of 5 Refer to Figure E1.9 in the textbook for electrical circuit and energy waveform. The value of source voltage is, 10 V Write the mathematical expressions for energy waveform. 2.5t O, iS negative and so the 4/, voltage dependent source supplies the power Step 5 of 7 Calculate the power absorbed or supplied by 24 V voltage source in the considered circuit by using the formula P = VJ - Substitute P= A. ¥=-24V . 7 =2 A from the considered circuit and solve for power Py - P=v(s,) -24.V)(2.A) -24\(2) =-48 W Therefore, the sign of power P,,,, is negative and so the 24 V voltage source supplies the power of Step 6 of 7 Calculate the power absorbed or supplied by element 1 in the considered circuit by using the formula P=VWi- Substitute P= R, ¥=20V. {=2 A from the considered circuit and solve for power FR . P=Vi, R=(20V)(2 A) =(20)(2) =40W Therefore, the sign of power is positive and so the element 1 absorbs the power of Step 7 of 7 Calculate the power absorbed or supplied by element 2 in the considered circuit by using the formula P=Vi- Substitute P= P,, V=12 V . 1 =2 A from the considered circuit and solve for power P, . P=Vi, R=(I2V)(2A) =(12)(2) =4Ww Therefore, the sign of power is positive and so the element 2 absorbs the power of [24 w] -Step 1 of 2 1. 33p Refer to Figure P1.33 in the text book. If the notation of the power is positive, it indicates that the power is absorbing otherwise power is delivering. Current entering from positive terminal gives absorbing power. Calculate the power delivered by the independent source Pov =(36)(4.) =(36)(4) =144W Calculate the power delivered by the dependent source. P,=(2)(4,) =(2)(4) =8W Calculate the total power supplied. Fog = Boy +P, =144W+8W =152W Thus, the power supplied by the sources is [152 W] - Step 2 of 2 Calculate the power absorbed by the element 1. R=(12)(4) =48W Calculate the power absorbed by the element 2. A =(24)(2) =48W Calculate the power absorbed by the element 3. B= (28)(2) =56W Calculate the power absorbed by the elements. Py = P+ ht P, =48 W+48 W456 W =152W Thus, the power absorbed by the elements is Hence, the power supplied by the sources is same as power absorbed by the elements.Step 1 of 6 1. 34p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.34 in the text book. The current (7) flowing in the circuitis 2 A . Calculate the power (P, ,) absorbed or supplied by 12 V voltage source having voltage V =12 V as follows: P=¥(-1) Pry = (12 V)(-2 A) =(12)(-2) =-24W Step 2 of 6 Calculate the power (P.) absorbed or supplied by element 1 having voltage ¥ = 4 V as follows: P=VI P=(4V)(2 4) =(4)(2) =8W Step 3 of 6 Calculate the power (Py, ) absorbed or supplied by the dependent voltage source having voltage ¥ = 2Y, as follows: P=V¥(-1) Py, = (2V,)(-2 A) = (2,)(-2) =v, W Step 4 of 6 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element 2 having voltage V = V, as follows P=VI A=(K)ZA) =(X,)() =, Ww Step 5 of 6 In the considered circuit the sum of supplied powers must be equal to the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of ¥, as follows: Fav t Py, = Ath 24+4V, =8+2, 2, =-16 V,=-8V Step 6 of 6 Caloulate the value of power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element 2 in the circuit as follows: Revd =(-8 V)(24) -8)(2) =-16W Therefore, the sign of power (P,) is negative and so the element 2 supplies the power ofStep 1 of 6 1. 35p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.35 in the text book. Calculate the power (Bev) absorbed or supplied by 36 Y voltage source having voltage V = 36 V and current J = [, as follows: P=¥(-1) Poy = (36 V)(-i, A) =(36)(-1,) =-361, W Step 2 of 6 Calculate the power (R) absorbed or supplied by element 1 having voltage V =12 V and current J = /, as follows: P=VI R=(2V)(0,4) =(12)(4,) =121, W Step 3 of 6 Calculate the power (A ) absorbed or supplied by element 2 having voltage V = 24 V and current 1=2A 4s follows: P=Vi Aa(24v)(2A) =(24)(2) =48 W Step 4 of 6 Calculate the power (2, ) absorbed or supplied by the dependent voltage source having voltage V = 1. I, and current { = 2 A as follows: P=¥(-1) Ry, =(W.)(-2A) =(U)(2) =-27,W Step 5 of 6 Calculate the power ( B) absorbed or supplied by element 3 having voltage V = 28 V and current £=2A 4s follows: P=VI B=(28V)(2A) =(28)(2) =56W Step 6 of 6 In the considered circuit the sum of supplied powers must be equal fo the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of 7, as follows: Poy thy Rt hth 361, +21, =12/, +48+56 261, =104 1,=4A Therefore, the value of /_ isStep 1 of 7 1 - 36p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.36 in the text book. Calculate the power (P,,., ) absorbed or supplied by 36 V voltage source having voltage V = 36 V anc current J = [, as follows: P=¥(-1) Pov =(36V)(-1, A) =(36)(-1,) =-361, W Step 2 of 7 Calculate the power (P.) absorbed or supplied by element 1 having voltage V =12V and current f= /, as follows: P= A=(I2V)(1, A) =(12)(4,) =121, W Step 3 of 7 Calculate the power (2, fe ) absorbed or supplied by the dependent current source having voltage V=24 V and current {= 27, A as follows P=Vi Py, = (24 V)(21, A) =(24)(21,) =48/, W Step 4 of 7 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element 2 having voltage V = 8 V and current 1=2A 4s follows: P= v(-!) A=(8V\(-2) =(8)(-2) =-16W Step 5 of 7 Calculate the power (8) absorbed or supplied by element 3 having voltage V =16 V and current 1 =2 A as follows: P=V(-!) P,=(16 V)(-2A) =(16)(-2) Step 6 of 7 In the considered circuit the sum of supplied powers must be equal to the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of 7, as follows: Boyt ht Rak+ hy, 36/, +16+32=12/, +48/, 247, = 48 1,=2A Step 7 of 7 Calculate the value of power (PR) absorbed or supplied by element 1 in the circuit as follows: RaW, =(12V)(2A) =(12)(2) =24W Therefore, the sign of power ( P) is positive and so the element 1 absorbs the power of [24 W] -Step 1 of 7 1 -37p Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.37 in the text book. Calculate the power (Rev) absorbed or supplied by 18 V voltage source having voltage V =18 V and current J = J, as follows: P=¥(-1) =(18V)(-7, A) =(18)-1,) =-18/, W Step 2 of 7 Calculate the power (R) absorbed or supplied by element 1 having voltage V = 6 V and current { =], as follows: P=VI R=(6V\(, A) =(6)(4,) =61.W Step 3 of 7 Calculate the power (Py) absorbed or supplied by voltage source having voltage V = 24 V and current £=2 A as follows: P=V| (-4 ) Pay =(24V)(-2 A) =(24)(-2) =-48W Step 4 of 7 Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element 2 having voltage V = 4 V and current 1 =21, A as follows: P=VI A=(4V)(21, 4) Step 5 of 7 Calculate the power (A, ) absorbed or supplied by the dependent current source having voltage ¥ =20 V and current f=21, A as follows: P= Py, =(20V)(2F, A) =(20)(2/,) =401, W Step 6 of 7 In the considered circuit the sum of supplied powers must be equal to the sum of absorbed powers. Calculate the value of 7, as follows: Rev t Paya R+R+Py, 187, +48 = 67, +87, +40/, 361, = 48 1, =133A Step 7 of 7 Calculate the value of power (F.) absorbed or supplied by element 1 in the circuit as follows: =(6V)(133 A) =(6)(1.33) =8W Therefore, the sign of power (P) is positive and so the element 1 absorbs the power of