Stop 1 of 3
1.4.1le
Refer to circuit diagram in Figure £4.1 in the text book.
The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1.
12v(*)
Step 2 of 3
Write the node equation at the inverting terminal.
vy yin.
2k 12k
Apply ideal op-amp conditions.
Step 3 of 3
Write the expression for the current /, .
V,
10
Substitute 84 V for V, in the equation.
mA
10k
-8Vv
10k
=8.4mA
Therefore, the current 7, is
10 kQ
l
Figure |Stop 1 of 2 1.4.1f
Refer to Figure 4PFE-1 in the text book.
The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1
Step 2 of 2
Write the node equation at the inverting terminal.
Ath, =l,
4-v, -2- -¥,
ech nt
4 12 R,
Apply ideal op-amp conditions, v_ =v, andé_ =i,
Since non-inverting terminal is grounded, by using the fact that »_ =0
Substitute 0 for »_ and —3V for Y, in the equation.
4-v_ | -2-v
+
4 12 R
4-0 -2-0_0-(-3)
4 12 R
es
R, 6
R, =3.6kQ
Hence, the value of resistance R, is 3.6kQ.
Therefore, the correct option is [-l.Stop 1 of 3
Refer to waveform shown in Figure P4.1 in the textbook.
The value of gain ( A, ) is 15.
It is known that, for an amplifier the output voltage is,
AM
Calculate the output voltage at ¢ =) .
15(0 mV)
=0V
Calculate the output voltage at y = 9.5*
v, =15(50 mV)
=750 mV
Calculate the output voltage at 7 = 0,5" -
=15(-100 mV)
=~1500 mV
Calculate the output voltage at y= |* .
15(0)
=0V
Step 2 of 3
Calculate the output voltage at y= )- .
3(-150 mV)
=~2250 mV
Calculate the output voltage at » = 1.5* -
y, =15(50 mV}
=750 mV
Calculate the output voltage at y = 1.5" .
=15(0 mV)
=0V
Calculate the output voltage at y= 2
=15(0)
=0V
Step 3 of 3
The output waveform is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1
Therefore, the output waveform for the amplifier is shown in Figure 1
1.4.1pStep 1 of 2 1 4 .2E
Refer to circuit diagram in Figure E4.2 in the text book.
The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1.
Step 2 of 2
Write the node equation at the inverting terminal.
heh
v.-0 Vi-v
RR,
Apply ideal op-amp conditions.
R o
R
Therefore, the gain of the op-amp is|I +Step 1 of 3 1.4.2EF
Refer to Figure 4PFE-2 in the text book.
The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1.
18 kQ
Step 2 of 3
Write the node equation at the inverting terminal of the first op-amp.
h+l,=1
2-v_ -l-v
+
6 12 18
Apply ideal op-amp conditions, v_ =v, andi_ =#,
Since non-inverting terminal is grounded, by using the fact that v_ =0 .
Substitute the values v_ =@ in the expression.
Step 3 of 3
Write the node equation at the inverting terminal of the second op-amp.
Iytl=al,
v,
Bev. v,
6 12 36
Apply ideal op-amp conditions, v_ =v, andi.
Since non-inverting terminal is grounded, by using the fact that v. =O.
Substitute the values y_ =Q and y, =—4,5¥V in the expression.
Hence, the output voltage Y, is 18V .
Therefore, the correct option ish.Step 1 of 2 1.4.2P
Consider the waveform shown in textbook Figure P4.2. The waveform is the output of an amplifier with gain
¥,
“5. We know that y, = “=
Where A,
5
The output voltage values from the waveform with respect to time instants are
vy =0,4,12,12,12,8,0 at 1 =0 to 6 respectively
%y =-8 at 1=6°
And
-12,-6,0 at £=7to9 respectively
From the output voltage values, we can find the voltage values from the above equation.
Therefore at
1=0 t=!
Step 2 of 2
From the above voltage values, the input waveform is
vn (V)
Figure 1
Therefore the input waveform for the given amplifier is as shown in Figure 1.Stop 1 of 4 1.4.3E
Refer to circuit diagram in Figure E4.3 in the text book.
The circuit is redrawn as shown in Figure 1.
Step 2 of 4
Write the node equation at the inverting terminal,
h=h,
0_Y,
1 100
Apply ideal op-amp conditions.
Step 3 of 4
Calculate the gain of the op-amp circuit by substitute 1 kQ for R, and 100 kQ for R, in the equation.
+k
R
4 00k2
1kQ
=1+100
=101
Therefore, the gain of the op-amp is [TOI] -
Step 4 of 4
Write the expression for the gain of the op-amp circuit.
Yo =101
¥,
‘s
Calculate the output voltage of the op-amp by substitute | mV for V, in the equation.
=(101)(Imv)
=0.101V
Therefore, the output voltage of the op-amp isStep 1 of 2
Consider the circuit given in Figure E1.4 (a) in the text book having voltage V, = 4 V -
Calculate the power P supplied by the dependent source 10V, having current J, as follows:
P=(10¥;)(-,)
=(10)(4 V)(-2 A)
=(40)(-2)
=-80 W
Therefore, the power supplied by the dependent source in the Figure E1.4 (a) is [80
Step 2 of 2
Consider the circuit given in Figure E1.4 (b) in the text book having current f, = 4 A
Calculate the power P supplied by the dependent source 4/, as follows:
P=(10 V)(-4/,)
=(10 V)(4)(-4 A)
= (10)(4)(-4)
=-160 W
Therefore, the power supplied by the dependent source in the Figure E1.4 (b) is [160 W]Step 1 of 2 1. 4p
Consider that a battery having voltage, 7 =12 V delivers the energy, (Aw) of 100 J in a time period,
(dt) of 5 seconds,
(a)
Calculate the amount of charge, (g) delivered
Therefore, the amount of delivered charge is [8,
Step 2 of 2
(b)
Calculate the value of current (/) produced.
4
at
_8.33C
5s
833
5
Sl67A
Therefore, the value of current produced isStep 1 of 3 1.5e
Consider the circuit of Figure E1.5 given in the text book.
Calculate the power (Pav) absorbed or supplied by the voltage source having voltage V = 24 V and
current {, = 4 A by using passive sign convection as follows:
Pay =(PY-1)
=(24V)(-4A)
=(24)(-4)
=-96 W
Therefore, the sign of power is negative and so the 24 V voltage source supplies a power of |96 W] .
Stop 2 of 3
Calculate the power (P.) that is absorbed or supplied by element ‘1’ having voltage 7 =8 V and current
1, = 4 A by using passive sign convection as follows:
(VY)
(8V)(4 A)
=(8)(4)
=32W
R
Therefore, the sign of power is positive and so the element ‘1’ absorbs the power of[32 W]-
Step 3 of 3
Calculate the power P,, that is absorbed or supplied by the 4/, dependent source having voltage
Vv =4J, and current J, =4 A by using passive sign convection as follows:
Pa, =(H)(E)
=(4)(4A)(4 A)
=(4)(4)(4)
=64W
Therefore, the sign of power is positive so the 47, dependent source absorbs the power ofStep 1 of 1 1. 5p
Consider that the current, (i) in a conductor is 1,5 A and the time interval, (df) is 1.5 minutes.
Calculate the value of charge, (g) .
q=i(d)
=(1.5 A)(1.5%60 s)
=(1.5)(1.5)(60)
=135C
Therefore, the charge passing through any point in the conductor isStep 1 of 5 1.6e
Consider the circuit of Figure E1.6 given in the text book.
Calculate the power (ha vy) that is absorbed or supplied by the voltage source having voltage ¥ = 24 V
and current £, = 1.5 A by using sign convection of power as follows:
Pav =(V)(-4)
=(24V)(-L5A)
=(24)(-1.5)
=-36W
Therefore the sign of power is negative and so the 24 V voltage source supplies a power of [5
Step 2 of 5
Calculate the power P,, that is absorbed or supplied by the dependent source having voltage V = 2/,
and current {, =1.5 A by using sign convection of power as follows:
P,
=V(-£,)
=(28,)(-L)
=(2)(1.5A)(-1.5A)
=-45W
Therefore the sign of power is negative and so the 2/, dependent source supplies a power of
Step 3 of 5
Calculate the power (P) that is absorbed or supplied by element ‘1’ having voltage V = 6 V and current
i =1.5 A by using passive sign convection as follows:
RaV(1,)
=(6¥V)(1.5A)
=(6)(1.5)
=9W
Therefore the sign of power is positive and so the element ‘1’ absorbs the power of|
Step 4 of 5
Calculate the power ( P, ,.) that is absorbed or supplied by voltage source having voltage V =12 V and
current #, =1,5 A by using passive sign convection as follows:
Pav =V(L)
=(I2V)(I.5A)
= (12)(1.5)
=18W
Therefore the sign of power is positive and so the 12 Y voltage source absorbs the power of
Stop 5 of 5
Calculate the power (2 ) that is absorbed or supplied by element ‘2’ having voltage 7 =9 V and current
1, =1.5 A by using passive sign convection as follows:
Rav(L)
=(9 V)(L5A)
=(9)(15)
=13.5W
Therefore the sign of power is positive and so the element ‘2’ absorbs the power of |]3.5 YW)Step 1 of 1 1. 6p
Consider that the charge, (4) of 60 C is passing through an electric conductor in time period, (ar) of 30
seconds.
Calculate the value of current, (i) passing in the conductor.
a
=G0€
30s
=
~ 30
=2A
Therefore, the current passing in the conductor is [2 Al -Step 1 of 7 1.Je
Consider the circuit in Figure E1.7 given in the text book.
First calculate all the values of power absorbed or supplied by each element in the network by using the
sign convention for power.
Calculate the power (P.) absorbed or supplied by element 1’ in the circuit having voltage V = 25 V and
current J =| A as follows:
A
VI
=(25 V)(I A)
=(25)(1)
=25W
Step 2 of 7
Calculate the power (PB, ,) absorbed or supplied by $ A current source in the circuit having voltage
V =25¥ and current = 5 A as follows:
Aaah)
=(25 V)(-5.A)
=(25)(-5)
=-125W
Step 3 of 7
Calculate the power (A, ) absorbed or supplied by J, current source in the circuit having voltage
V =10¥V and current J = J, as follows:
a,=¥(-1)
=(10.V)(-1,)
=-10/,
Step 4 of 7
Calculate the power (A) absorbed or supplied by element ‘2’ in the circuit having voltage 7 =15 Y and
current J = /, as follows:
Rav(-1)
=(5V)(-1,)
=-I5/,
Step 5 of 7
Calculate the power (P,) absorbed or supplied by element ‘3' in the circuit having vottage V =15 V and
current 7 =2 A as follows:
RaW
=(15 V)(2 A)
=(15)(2)
=30W
Step 6 of 7
Calculate the power (R, ,} absorbed or supplied by 19 V voltage source in the circuit having voltage
¥ =10¥ and current 7 = 2 A as follows:
Poy =I
=(10 V)(2.A)
=(10)(2)
=20W
Step 7 of 7
According to Tellegen’s theorem sum of the power absorbed or supplied by all the elements in the network
is equal to zero as follows:
25 W-125 W-10/, -151, +30 W+20 W=0
753-125-251, =0
251, =-50
L 2A
Therefore, by using Tellegen’s theorem, the value of J. isStep 1 of 1 1. Tp
Calculate the charge, (4) produced by a battery having current, j= 12 A within a time interval (dt) of
one hour.
qzidt
= (12 A)(60 min)
=(12 A)(60x60s)
=43.2kC
Therefore, the charge produced isStep 1 of 3 1.8e
Consider the circuit given in Figure £1.8 in the text book.
Calculate the energy w’ delivered to the box by using equation 1.4 given in the textbook as follows:
‘
we i p(t)de
4
230.0
= J 2S5e“ar
o
ozs
=25] e
°
lef
Further simplification is as follows:
e778) gH)
w=(2a}[ =a" =
=(2.5)(-0.092 + 0.25)
=(2.5)(0.158)
=395 mJ
Therefore, the energy delivered to the box is .
Step 2 of 3
Calculate the value of current i(t) in the circuit by using equation 1.3 given in the textbook as follows:
i(t)= Pe)
v(t)
_2.5¢" W
~~ 50eT V
25 ay
50
= 500" mA
Step 3 0f 3
Calculate the value of charge (q (9) delivered to the box in time interval 0 < 7 < 250 ms 45 follows:
,
a)=[aQa
fo
023
= J (Soe mA) ar
°
025
=0.05 | edt
°
~(005{ 51"
Further simplification is as follows:
4025) gH)
a(t)= (009 (> =|
=—0,00787 + 0.0166
= 0.0088
=8.8mC
Therefore the charge delivered to the box isStep 1 of 1 1. 8p
Consider Figure P1.8 in the textbook.
Consider that the charge, (g) of 5 C passes through the element from point A to B. Therefore, the
equation becomes as V,
Calculate the voltage, (¥,) for which the energy, (w) absorbed by the element is 120 J
Therefore, the voltage across the element isStep 1 of 5
Refer to Figure E1.9 in the textbook for electrical circuit and energy waveform.
The value of source voltage is, 10 V
Write the mathematical expressions for energy waveform.
2.5t O