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9<^
º
(» ¼ º
» °¼ZÒ )*V,+.-5Ò » HpQ¶ %¼
XX
' Z B XH H ¶SREÇ
0.4
0.35
0.3
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7bBN9CDx8 9<^
ºr»( ¼ º
»(°¼³Ò )*V Q » HpQ¶¸ÇE¼
q L]M:?\8A`+?@88:`HLh;9CD)9C;hOH;9CM M"8:GI9CR8W29Q^
cfL`+?YELº
» ¼ ` º
(» °¼j^_BEG1?@KCK ¾ 9<D
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&
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» ¼°¾ Ð pp Ò

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XX
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Ð Ð ¼
»
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Ð pp Ð p p p»
(

¼ »

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Ð Ð » ¼

Q

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¼
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Y R R
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lk hmghji n

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»
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po qo
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>

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mº
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sh
» HpQS¶ Rx¼
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n

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h

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po po po o Go
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v

» I¼°¾±»º
» » I¼A¼I¼ ¾ » mº
» » I¼I¼A]¼ " » I¼°¾5µ Q
po o
po po
¤ 8®?;9CD)9C;hOH
; WHc5L8:`HLGAL^_BNGAL/`+?YEL
mº
» ¼ » ¼³Ò
po
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po
Ev
º[3½ Ã

#"$&$% q## +*q
,- ) /x23*

2
%6 79;: < 9_:?A@CBD9B GF :H@ -
F I GI KJ8L @ O
N ;
9 Q
P 9 F H
: H
@ R < D
9 S R F L 9;:
U
·NµEµ

½ - Ã ^ R P R d ;9 :HP;@R1:H@ G R F 9;@ Y < P Y L
0 » ¼s¾
q< 9R cB R 1 F ^ : Y 9 d R F @^
L v @F
^ S VXWY 9 F
Z » =º
»( ¼I¼ " » ¼¾Êµ à Z º
» mºr»( ¼A¼ " » ¼s¾ µ
à Z à
" » ¼ "µ ¾% ¾% " » ¼ /µ Ò

Y R R

[\ [\ [\
BcR 5d @F @e
d I%d
-
- - -
» Hp¿·Nµx¼
^ _
P R b R1: b ^ _
P R b
»X¼
º
» »X¼A¼
p 8 MAO RLM 8:Bm?N7H7HKQ\ Lj`HLBNGAL;THpQ¶]^_BEGj8A`HLOHD)RBEDHM"8:GA?N9CDHLTR?@MAL]8AB=8A`HL
? Y 9;PQ9 @ : Y 9 _9 @HR Fd R1:P @ ^ V
^_OHDHRZ8:9CBND »X¼f½É¾ ºr» »¼A¼³p

f 5)
$ <
Lj`HLyRBED)TH9<8A9CBED » mº
» ¼A¼ " _» ¼¾ µ;=L?NDHMh8:`H?@8 mºr»( ¼]9<MhBEGI8A`HBEVEBND+?NK58AB
s
8:`HL18:?NDHVELDx8-MA7+?NRL]B@^8A`HL/;m?@DH9<^_BEK<T ?@8 W p ^g8A`HL/;m?ND)9<^_BEK<Tm9CMjVN9<YELDFJ%\

?©MALZ8/BN^sLP%O+?@8A9CBEDHM°»(s¼ ¾±µvWX8:`HLh8:?NDHVELD%8/MI7+?NRL 9<M1aNLG¸» _» ¼A¼ZWXc-`)LGAL

v cv
THLD)BN8:LM-8A`HL]E?NRBNJH9;m?z8:GA9 t©B@^
p5®Bdc
cv
UaNLG ' % ' ¾µ %/" ' ¯¾ÊµvÒ ) % ' " % !» ' "2¼ZÒ
?NDHTF`HLDHRL
mº
» ¼ ÊaNLG¸» »( ¼I¼ % mº
» ¼ "]»I» (» ¼I]¼ "2¼ZÒ

BEGj9CDFBN8A`HLG'c5BEGITHMW+8:`)LGAL/L³t)9<MI8AM ?hYELR8ABE$G #l¾±» Î Ò Q Q7QÒ 21f¼ " MAOHRk`8:`+?@8 _h ^h
mº
» ¼s¾ » (» ¼I]¼ "%#Q

» Hp¿·v¶¸¼
Lj`HL 15¸W À¾ ¶NÒ Q Q QÒ ?NGIL[R?NKCK<LT E ?NVEG:?@DHVEL¡;hOHKQ8:9C7)KC9CLGAMy?@DHTÊTHLZ¨+DH9<DHVe8A`HL E 3? K
VEG:?@DHVE9?@DyJ%\
h
&/ » ''Ò #5¼f½¿¾ º

» °¼rÃ » °(» s¼A¼ " #-Ò » Hp¿·E·E¼
LP%O+?@8A9CBEDU» Hp¿·v¶¸¼9CM5LP%OH9<Y@?NK<LDx8f8AB ()&(» j'Ò #°¼°¾µ)W¢c-`H9CK<L °(» s¼°¾ y9CM5LP%OH9<Y@?NK<LDx8f8AB
(*+&/ » ''Ò #5¼°¾Êµvp q L8:`HLGALZ^_BEGAL`+?YEL/8:`HL/DHLRLMAM:?@GI\RBED)TH9<8A9CBED &/(» j'Ò #°¼°¾Êµu^_BEG-?

;=9<DH9C;OH; BN^ºBEDF8:`)L;=?NDH9Q^_BEKCT=THL¨HDHLToJ%,\ °(» °¼°¾ p

-
º[3½ ^Ã

(

#"$&$% q## +*q
,- )/x23*
¾ ^ s » °¼5¾ µ

2
6 79;: < 9_:?A@CBD9B GF :H@ -
F I GI KJ8L @ NO9;PQ9 F :H@HR < 9DS R FUL 9;:
v < 9R
d R F #V 1 ^@ L S v R FUL VEWY 9 F S ?A@: Y : Y 9
.
7R 1PcR F 1@HR F 0/21 43
V

S ? 9 Y R 19 65
Z )&/(» 'Ò #s¼¾Êµ º `]a Z +&/(» 'Ò #°¼°¾Êµ `]a Z `]a
7 " &/ » 'Ò #°¼ 7 "µ ¾ % ¾ % 7 " ] &/ » 'Ò #°¼ 7 /µ Q

Y R R
]

[]\ []\ []\
) 7 % 7 ¾

BcR d @ F @ deI d
) 7
» Hp¿·NËx¼
v S b R1: b v b
f 5)
$ p5£vLL8:`HL/7HGIBEJHKCL; MALR8A9CBEDXp s
{}| X| 8$9XH³ g;: }92+wZ ] d¸+ b¸

65
+BEG8:`HL®RBEDx8A9CD%- OHBEOHMIK<\STH9 (2LGALD%8A9?NJ)KCLj^_OHDHRZ8:9CBNDHM'º?½ Ã ®%W < ?½ Ã 1 ?@DHT

< ?½ Ã WHc5LKCB¢BEa^_BNGjKCB¢R?NKb;=9<DH9C;=?BN^8:`HL/7HGIBEJHK<L;
º
» 5¼ Ã ;=9<D2Ò
< » 5¼ ¾ }Ò » Hp¿#· %¼
< » 5¼

/ 6Q
XX
' Z B XH H ·Nµv¶
3
2.5
¹2] 1.5
0.5
¹Î
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
\
1+0a+O)*9;+0GI9]-0/tGI@X+ /_74>GI3,-04 GH- %235463M%23E+PS#&4[ E+;=O- ),+0a+O)*9O+0GI9 -0/
GI@\+ GU -2354\+67#&)53G B
>O-0469G=;#&354XGI9 -0/1#&4 +F!$#&% '),+ g
q H` 9CK<L'MAO)Rk`©?7HGABNJHKCL;±R?NDSDHB@85JnLj8:GIL?@8ALT=?ND+?NKQ\¢8A9CR?NKCKQ\/9CDSVELD)LG:?@KÄWEc5LMI`HBdc 9CDh8A`HL

^_BEKCK<Bdc-9CDHV]LZt)?N;7HKCL18A`+?@8®9CDF7HGI9CDHR9C7HK<L19<8j] RBEOHK<T] JnL8:GI] L?@8ALTo?ND+?NKQ\¢8A9CR?NKCKQ\Ep
º
» °¼¾ ¹ Î Á ] ¹ ] Á ¹ » °¼¾ ¹ Î Ã2¹ ]/ÃÊ¹
< (» °¼°¾ »¹ ÃF2
Î 5 ÎwÎ Ï ¹ ¾¹ ¹ Á2¹ÃS]}¹2Ã] ¶¸¼ ¼ "
¹ b Á I
Ò ¹ ¯
Ã
»
).,U/x4 5H- 79;: S R FUL
] 2 ] V
Y
9 P : I 9O: 9 9 I R @: J B GF :HPcR1@ F :
] ] Î
º
(» °¼¾Ê·H»_¹ Î Á¹ Î 2¹ ]bÁU¹ ] ¼ < (» °¼°¾±»_¹ Î Ã2¹ ]XÁ ÎwÎ Ï ÒA2¹ ]}Ã»¹ Î Ãl¶¸¼ ¼ "
: 9 @ d @ F R1: 9 : Y 9 GR1P @HR < 9
R FUL
S ? Y @CB Y 9cR L : : Y 9 @ d @ 9 L P < 9 d ?A@: Y
]
V @ F : Y 9
w ,/ (B Gded R FUL
-" W3$-"5XW3$-"%* W3=8

w :-" 1-"51/"%*?8
w 6:-" 31/"5-$O'8
w ?:-"5%1D&"%*$"512/4GW3'8
"%*: @-AB#C +D^& w >"%* 468
< x0&:. B%A x @ 49
@:Q w A v\x A u . BA x?&0>" S%TKT:*=>"O-%^TGT:*=>w A v x A u @ %'> N "5+ @ | A !" +/;24D
@!0:Q w A v\x A u . BA x?^& w >" %^TKT:*0>"5-!^TKT*=>?w A v x A u @
?> N "5+ @ S | A "!+-;249
@5*:Q w A v\x A u . BA x?^& w '>" %^TKT:*0>"5-!^TKT*=?> w A v x A u @
?> N "5+ @ S| A "!+-;249
;2< @ . B/N L?& @ >[@!'>]@5* 2468
? 9 < :CR1@ F @ I PD9 1 V V +GABE;«8:`H9<M'¨+VEOHGILNWHc5L]R?NDoMILL/8:`+?z8-9CDy8:`HL/9<D%8ALGI9CBEG'B@^g8A`HL

THBE;=?N9CDUJnBEOHD)THLT[J%\U8A`HL9CDHLP¢OH?NKC9Q8¥\RBNDHMI8AG:?N9<D%8AMWrºT)BvLM]DHB@8]`H?dYNL©?NDx\¡L³tv8AGAL;m?)W
?NMjBEDHL/R?ND?@KCMABSGIL?NTH9<K<\8:LMI8-c-9<8A`F8A`HL RBE;;=?NDHTHM
_w ,/
<x0& B < v 5N BO 4D

·Nµx·

/.: O 5N ;=&?> " >"52468

@-A%B3C D+ &-/. 0>/. >/" >"5 64 8
c-`H9CRk`FVE9QYELMjBEDHK<\=8:`HL>LGIB=MIBEKCO)8A9CBED2p q L/8A`HLGIL^_BEGILDHLLT8ABSMAL?@GARk`F^_BEGjLZt¢8:GIL;=?uBED
8:`HLJbBEO)DHT+?NG"\BN^8A`HLhRBE;=7H?NR8 MAL8p/²MI9CDHV E ?NVNG:?NDHVNLh;hOHKQ8:9C7)KC9CLGAMWHcfLuBEJv8k?N9<Doc-9<8A`
w BEDy8:`)LM"8:GA?N9CVE`x8-K<9CDHLRBEDHMI8AG:?N9<Dx8
,/
:-51 B-N z |5; N 6w 8

7. : O !N ;=& > " >"5'> B/N z |5; N 468
@-A%B3C +D& @ + & H . <0> <3 T3T:* 4 > /" > "5'> B/N z |O; N 498
c-`H9CRk`¡VE9QYELM18:`HLuBED)K<\oMABEK<O)8:9<BED»_¹ Î ÒA¹ Z¼¾ »4Ã Î Ï Ò Î Ï ¼³WXBEO)8AMA9CT)LuBN^°8:`HLuRBE;=7H?NR8MIL8W
2] ] ]
c-`H9CRk`9CM°?@KCMAB/L?NMA9<K<\h9<THLDx8A9<¨+LT=K<BvBEa%9<DHV?@8 r9<VEOHGAL Hp<¶µ)W%MAKC9<VE`x8:KQ\BEOv8:MA9<THL-BEDu8:`HL®KCLZ^8p

61DF8A`HL/MALRBEDHTo9CDHLP%O+?NKC9Q8¥\mRBEDHM"8:G:?@9CDx8WHc5L]BNJ)8k?N9<D
0:-51 B-N z |5; N 6w '8
,. : O !N ;=& => " >"5'> B/N z |5; N 468
@-A%B3C +D& @ + & #. <0> <3 T3T:* 4 > /" > "5'> B/N z |O; N 498
@-A%B%@ : N!BB3C!N5B uO+ @ &P468
+ CON5B =& @AB%@ 2468
N!@%@ < O v0& P2468
?8
N? DHT`HLD)RL8A`HLGIL9<Ms?NDmL³tv8AGAL;m??@81»_¹ Î ÒA¹ Z¼ »wµ ¿Ë x· x· µ HÒ:µ ¿Ë E´ %Ç ´xÇ G ¼³W¸c-`)9CRk`
2] p !Q ,R ,R/R G ,/ !Q q , G
9CM
9<DHTHLLT?;=9<DH9C;hO);oWzBEDu8:`HLjJnBEOHD)T+?NGI\hBNî8:`HL-RBN;=7+?@R8MIL8W¢?ND)TS8A`HLjY@?NKCOHLfBN^2ºF?z8
8:`H9<M-7bBE9<Dx89<M É· NµEÉµ )¶ E´)p j`HLBN8A`HLG-8¥c5BmMABNKCO)8A9CBEDHM®?NGIL]RBE;7HKCL³t2Wn?NM®BEDHLGAL?NTH9<K<\
Q ,R Sq, q L
Rk`HLRka%MuOHMI9CDHV8:`HL=RBE;;=?NDHTHM p q L¨+D+?NK<K<\
+ CON5B =& @AB%@ 2468 + CON5B =& @AB%@ *2468
DHLLT8ABSRk`HLRkay8:`)LRBEGAD)LGAM®BN^8:`HL/JnBEOHDHTH?NGI\yB@^g8A`HL/RBE;7+?NRZ8-MAL8W
" : Y" Y8"5? Y"5ZY%8
"5Q w!6: @AB3C +D&w >"!O468
"5Q w,?: @AB3C +D&w '>"!O468
" @-AB%@ @-AB3C +D&"5Xw/--"5XwO >" /498
" :-" @AB%@ ?8"5?-"5Xw! 8
+ CON5B =&468
" :-" @AB%@ ?8"5?-"5Xw! 8
+ CON5B =&468
c-`H9CRk`VE9QYELM}^_BEGX8A`HLs^_O)DHR8A9CBEDY@?NKCO)LM?@8}8:`HL°RBEGADHLGAMs¶ OQ G ·NË G -REµx·'?ND)Tµ!Q Ë)¶ E·EÇNµ/R G ÇN´)W
?NDHTu`HLDHRL'8A`HLjKCB¢R?@K¢;9CD)9C;hOH; ^_BNOHDHTuL?@GAKC9<LGgBEDh8:`HLfJbBEO)DHT+?NG"\h9CMg9CDHT)LLTu8A`HL'VEK<BEJ+?NK
q
;=9<DH9C;OH;oW¢?ND)To`HLDHRLMABNKCO)8A9CBEDyBN^8:`)LBN7)8:9<;=9<>?@8A9CBED=7HGABEJ)KCL;p
¤ MBNDHL=R?NDlMILLm^_GIBE;8:`)9CMMA9C;7HK<LuLZt)?N;7HKCL@W
?NDl?ND+?NKQ\¢8A9CR?NKr8:GIL?@8A;=LDx8hBN^fMAOHRk`
BE7)8A9C;9C>?z8:9CBNDy7HGABEJ)KCL;M 9<M`)BE7bLKCLMAM ^_BEGGAL?NKC9<MI8:9<R/`H9CVEòTH9C;LD)MA9CBND+?NK}7HGABNJHKCL;=Mp q L
c-9CK<Kb8:`)LGALZ^_BEGAL/K<BvBEa9CDy8A`HL/MALP%OHLKr?z8-D¢O);=LGA9CR?NK28ALRk`HDH9<P%OHLM-8:BS¨+DHTKCB¢R?NKb;=9<DH9C;=?)p
¤ Mc5L`H?dYNLhMALLDU9<DMAO)JHMALR8:9<BED Hp¿·vp¿·vWnLP%O+?NK<9<8¥\FRBNDHMI8AG:?N9<D%8AM R?NDJnL]THL?NK<8®c-9<8A`
?NVEG:?@DHVEL®;hOHK<8A9C7HK<9CLGAMWE?NDHT Lj`HLBEGAL; )pÉ·/Vx?YEL MIO R9<LDx8-?NDHTmDHLRLMAMA?NGI\mRBED)TH9<8A9CBEDHM
^_E BEGuBE7)8A9C;=?NKC9Q8¥\9CD8:`+?z8=R?NMAL@p 89<MDH?@8:OHGA?NK'8:`H?@8u^_BEG?7)GABEJHK<L; c-9<8:è9CD)LP%O+?NK<9<8¥\
<
XX
' Z B XH H N· µNË
RBED)MI8:GA?N9CDx8AMWrBNDHK<\U8A`HLmRBEDHMI8AG:?N9<Dx8:Mh?@R8:9QYELm?@8h?KCB¢R?NK°BE7v8:9C;OH;7HKC?d\[?GABEK<L=9<D8A`HL
BE7)8A9C;=?NKC9Q8¥\©RBNDHTH9<8A9CBED)MW29p L8:`HLRBEDHM"8:GA?N9CDx8:Mc-`H9CRk`¡M:?z8:9CM"^\o?@818:`)LhBE7)8A9C;hOH; 8A`HL
GALK?@8A9CBED[» < ¼ -4»( ¼5¾ µ)p q L]R?NKCK8:`)L]MIL8 ' ¾ . »< ¼ -4» ¼f¾ µ ]8:`HL]?NR8A9<YNLMALZ8^_BNG
8:`HL/K<BvR?NK2BE7v8:9C;OH; p

= .)
I 9 :Y 1
R : º½ ^ÆÃ Âl½ eÃ 1 R UF L R1PD9 :H?A@CBD9
F L Y R1:
B GF :@ F-I GI KJ L @ NO9;PQ9 F :H@HR < 9_R U : - @ R cB R
d @ F @ deI d ^
º
» °¼ Ã ;=9<D
s » s¼ / !µ Q
1
WY 9 F : Y 9;PD99 @ : # ;I B Y : Y R1:
°»( ¼ / µ)Ò

=º
»( ¼Ã » °»( ¼I¼]"%# ¾ µ)Ò

#)/µ ?A@: Y
Â-¥(» ¼ - ¾ µ!Q
;h
p q LURBEDHMA9<THLGF?7nLG"8:OHGIJ+?@8:9<BED?NGIBEOHDHT c-`H9CRk`M:?z8:9CM"¨+LMy8A`HLURBED%K
MI8AG:?N9<D%8AMp £v9CDHRLo8A`HLRBNDHMI8AG:?N9<D%8AM=c-`H9<Rk`?NGALoDHBN8©?NR8A9<YEL?@8 Wj9p L@pÂ9-4» ¼ " µ)W
f 5)
$
GAL;m?N9<Do9<D+?NRZ8:9<YNL]9<D?=DHL9<VE`%JbBEGI`HB¢BvTBN^ Wn9<8MAO RLM 8ABmRBNDHMA9<THLG®8:`HL?NR8A9<YEL]RBED%K

MI8AG:?N9<D%8AMjBEDHKQ\EW)Â9-4» ¼s¾ µS^_BNG . ' p
<
LZ8 -»
¼ZW / µ]JnL1?/8¥c-9CRLRBEDx8A9CD%OHBEOHMIK<\TH9 (2LGALDx8A9?NJHK<L-7+?@8:`=c-9<8:` ®»µx¼¾ W
9ÄpÈLNp E
®»
¼¾ Á 1Á ·¶ ] Á ©» ¼ZÒ >
?NKCBNDHVhc-`H9CRk`F8:`)L]?@R8:9QYELRBEDHMI8AG:?N9<Dx8:M-GAL;m?N9<DyM:?@8A9CM"¨+LTXWi9p L@p

Â -Ñ(» ®» r¼A¼ /µu^_BEG .^ ' p
Lj`H9CMj9<;=7)KC9CLM58A`+?@8
µ 9Â -4(» ®»
¼A¼
¾ Â9-4»( ÁÁ ·¶ ] Á ©»1:¼A¼ >
¾ 9Â -4(» ¼Á» Á ·¶ ] s¼ " uÂ -¥(» ¼}Á ·¶ ] " -4(» ¼ Á m» 1k¼A¼

>
¾
?" S9Â -4 » ¼ÁÅÁ ·¶ ] " uÂ -¥(» ¼ Á ?" -4(» ¼ 5Á m» ¼A¼ZÒ

>
c-`HLGIL -¥(» °¼ THLDHBN8ALM/8:`HLSª®LMAMI9?NDBN^°9Â -4(» s¼³puªLDHRLu^_BEG MI;m?NK<KÄWncfLS;hOHM"8/L9Q8:`HLG

`+?YEL

" uÂ -¥(» ¼ / µ)Ò

BEGW)9<^ " uÂ -¥(» ¼°¾µ)WHc5L/;hOHM"8`H?dYNL

" uÂ -¥(» ¼ Á ?" -4(» ¼ /µ

^_BEG-?NK<K .^ ' p ^cfLLZtv7+?@DHT8A`HL/^_OHDHR8A9CBEDoº

» -» r¼A¼ZWvcfLBEJ)8:?N9CD
º
» -»
¼I¼ ¾ º
(» Á 1Á ·¶ ] Á m» ¼A¼ >
·Nµ,

¾ º
»( ¼Á»1Á ·¶ ] s¼ " =º
»( ¼Á ·¶ ] " » ¼ Á ©»/k¼I¼

>
¾
" mº
» ¼ÁÅÁ ·¶ ] " =º
»( ¼Á " » ¼ 'Á ©» ¼I¼ZÒ

>
c-`HLGIL »(s¼hTHLDHB@8:LM8:`HLoªLMAMI9?NDÆBN^º
» °¼Zp Lj`HLGALZ^_BEGAL R?@DÅBEDHKQ\JbLo?¡KCB¢R?NK
;=9<DH9C;OH;oW%9Q^8A`HL/MALZ8

+e½¿¾ " mº
» ¼ ` µ=?@DHT " SÂ9-4» ¼ /µu^_BNG . '

9CMjL;=7)8¥\Np°²MI9CDHVDHBdcÊ8A`HL n?@GAaz?NM E L;;m?hJnLK<Bdc/WH8:`HL/GALMAOHKQ8j^_BEKCK<Bdc-Mp ts

O. 5H!5 )16#.79;: - S - /- ^ P . ^ ' VXWY 9 F : Y 9 9;:
Æ½É¾ "
+
` µ R FUL "
- / µ ^ P .^
'
@ 9 d : J @ ^ R FUL GF KJ @ ^

¾
-
h - -
µ . '

p5£vLL/LZtvLGIR9CMILMp
^ P Gd 9 h2-4/ S ^ P V
f 5)
$ 4s
$10*5$ ¢&)( °3I$ }, "!&+3 «3 $r&H3"*5$

+BEGj?u^_OHDHR8A9CBEDoº?½ Ã ®WXcfL/cf?NDx8®8ABu¨+DHT?uK<BvR?NK2;9CDH9<;hOH;W
º
(» s¼fÃ ;9CD Q
q Lf`+?YELjMALLDu8:`H?@8
;=?@8:`)L;=?@8:9<R?NK<K<\EWdBNDHL'MA9<;=7)KCLsMAL?@GARk`HLM°^_BNGr>LGABEMB@^+8:`HL'VNG:?NTH9<LDx8W
?NDHTYELGA9Q¨+LM9<^-8:`)Loª®LMIMA9?@DÆ9<Mu7bBEMI9<8A9<YELyT)L¨+DH9Q8:L@Wf9CDBEGITHLGh8AB¨HDHTÆK<BvR?NKf;9CD)9C;=?)p
ªBdc5LYELGh?NK<GAL?NT)\¨HDHTH9CD)V?F>LGABBN^j?yDHBED)KC9CD)L?NGM"\vM"8:L; B@^fLP¢OH?@8:9<BEDHM9CM/?F`H9CVE`)K<\
DHBE5D KÄ8:GI9<Y¢9?NK%8k?@MAaiW¢?NMcfL-`+?YEL®MALLD=9CcD If`+?N7v8:LG ) W¢?NDHTu8:`)L®D%OH;LGI9CR?NKH;L8:`)BvTHM°R?ND
`+?YEL5MALYNLGIL'RBEDxYNLGAVNLDHRLj7HGABEJ)KCL;Mp DBN7)8:9<;=9<>?@8A9CBEDXWBEDHL°8:GA9<LM9C;;=LTH9?z8:LKQ\8AB OHMIL
8:`HL'^w?@R88:`H?@8BEDHLjMIL?NGIRk`HLMs^_BEG?;9CDH9<;hOH; BN^2? ^_OHDHRZ8:9CBNDXW%?NDHTSBEDHLjT)BvLMDHBN8°MA9<;=7)K<\
8:G"\=8ABuMABEKQYEL/?hKC9<DHL?@GfMI\¢M"8:L; B@^gLP%O+?@8:9<BEDHM'VN9<YELDFJ%\ mº
» s¼¾Êµ)p DyVELDHLGA?NKÄW)8A`HLMIL
;=LZ8:`HB¢THM]BEDHK<\[RBND%YNLGIVELy8:B¡?KCB¢R?@Ks;9CD)9C;hOH; B@^1ºWLZtvRL7)89<^ºÆMA?@8:9<MI¨+LMuRLG"8k?N9<D

MI8AGA9CD)VELDx8-GALP%OH9CGIL;LDx8:Mp
5 {}| X|w~ s X%Hzz x¸}

E 9CDHLMIL?NGIRk`;L8:`)BvTHMjRBEDHM"8:GAO)R8 ?SMILP%OHLDHRL]BN^r9Q8:LG:?@8ALM -/J%\m8:`HL^_BEGI;hOHK?

- Î
¾ -sÁ -B - Ò
c-`HLGIL - 9CM]?MAL?NGARk`TH9<GALR8:9<BEDXWr?NDHT¯BED)LmGALP%OH9CGILM "- =º
(» -¼ ` µo8ABVEO+?@G:?NDx8:LL
8:`+?z8j9<8j9<M-?hTHLMIRLD%8TH9<GALRZ8:9<BEDXWH?@DHTy8:`HL/MAR?NK?@G'7+?NGA?N;=LZ8:LG - " µh9<M-?hMI8AL7KCLD)VN8:`Xp

RE0
E ZH ` \ H ·NµEÇ
5 5
iterates iterates
sqr(x) sqr(x)
4.5 4.5
4 4
3.5 3.5
3 3
2.5 2.5
2 2
1.5 1.5
1 1
0.5 0.5
0 0
−2.5 −2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 −2.5 −2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
x x
$
4 GI@\+ ),+O/_G1#l>;#&9;+ U @\+;=O+(GI@\+ 9^GH+A' ),+O4SC GI@8354 GI@\+ )53M4\+ 9;+<#0=^>_@T359
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9K@\-E=G g 4 N -GI@ >;#&9;+O9_@B%l+0GI@\-$[ 9 [S- 4\-G
>O-04\a+;=C+2GH- # %23M4635%87% g
¤ ¨+GIMI8 9CTHL?S8ABmTHLZ8:LGI;=9<DHL/8:`HLMI8AL7UKCLDHVN8A` -]9<M®8ABmMI9C;7HK<\m;=9<DH9C;9C>L/º9<D8A`HL

MAL?NGARkÙTH9<GALR8:9<BED - Wbc-`H9<RkÙ9CM ?©BEDHLT)9C;LDHMI9CBED+?@K;9CD)9C;9C>?z8:9CBNDy7HGABEJ)KCL;Wn9ÄpÈLNp c5L
RBE;7HO)8AL/?u>LGIB=B@^g8A`HL/THLGI9<Y@?@8:9QYELc-9<8A`FGALMI7bLR8®8:B 5W

ºr(» -sÁ < - ¼°¾ "- mº
» -Á - ¼¾Êµ!Q
q Ly`H?dYNLFMALLDe8A`H9CMS?@7H7HGABE?NRkè?NKCGIL?NT)\l9CD If`+?@7)8:LG v Wc-`HLDec5LF9CDx8:GIBvTHO)RLT8A`HL

;=LZ8:`HB¢TmB@^}MI8:LL7nLM"8-THLMIRLDx8-8:BMABEKQYEL?M"\¢;=;L8AGA9CR®7nBEMA9Q8:9<YNL THLZ¨+DH9Q8:L1M"\vM"8:L;BN^}K<9C5D K
L?NG}LP¢OH?@8:9<BEDHMpr²D)^_BNGI8:O)D+?@8:LK<\8A`H9CM};L8:`)BvT/c'?@MrDHBN8YELGI\VEB¢BvT2WN?ND)T]c5Lf9CDx8AGAB¢THOHRLT
8:`HL ;=LZ8:`HB¢TyBN^RBED IOHVx?@8AL1VEG:?@TH9CLD%8AMW)?u§/G"\¢KCBdYm;L8A`HB¢TXWvc-9Q8:`y;hOHRk`FJnL8I8:LGj7nLG"^_BEG K
;m?@DHRL@=p IfBED IO)Vx?@8:LjVNG:?NTH9<LDx8:M°R?NDSJbLjRBEDHMA9<THLGILT=?NMs?NDSBE7)8A9C;9C>?z8:9CBND?NK<VEBEGI9<8:`); ^_BNG
OHDHRBEDHMI8AG:?N9<DHLT7HGIBEJHKCL;=MjB@^g8A`HL^_BEGA; º
(» °¼°¾ " ' Á " jp
¦ 9CDH9<;=9<>9<DHVc-9Q8:`SGALMA7nLR8s8:B 9CMR?NKCK<LTuL³tH?@R85KC9CD)L'MAL?NGARk`XWv?NDHT9CM9<DSVELDHLG:?NKH^w?@G
8:BFLZtv7nLDHMI9<YNL=8:BF7nLG"^_BEGA;p LgB¢T+?\EW8A`HLGILm?NGILS;m?NDx\9CDHL³tH?@R8KC9<DHLuMAL?NGARk`[;=LZ8:`HB¢THMW
c-`H9CRk`¡8:G"\8ABoTHLZ8:LGA;9CDHLS?ND -S?@8L?NRk`MI8AL7¡c-`H9CRk`THB¢LM/DHL9<8:`)LG/VEBy8:B¢By^w?NGWDHBNG
DHBN8°^w?NG°LD)BEOHVE`X=p Lj`)9CMs9CM°RGI9<8:9<R?NKWx?NMsBEDHL-R?@DmMALLc-9Q8:`S8:`HL-^_BEKCK<Bdc-9CDHV1] 8¥c5BhLZt)?N;7HK<LMp
- º
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¹ Ï ¾ ·

).,U/x H- I .) 9 ? 9 F D9 9 L : (
d @ F @ d @ G9 I @F R @ F 9

0 -¾«»"Ã¶¸¼ Î -/¾À·Á ]

9cR1PQB Y R P @: Y d :CR1P : @ F R :
1 V ^ ? M 9 B Y 9E: Y 9 L 9 BD9 F : L @PQ9DB;:@ GF : < 9
-
S R FUL : Y 9 : 9 9 F 1 : Y

S : Y 9>PQ9 ;I : @ Y ? F @ F @ I PQ9
1 V GF : Y 9 9 ^ :pS ? Y @CB Y ? R < : R1@ F 9 L ?A@: Y : Y
9 'R1: R "UT W#'>KY 1 A Y>""?>""UT W3?>KY 1ZYH468
" B/N |O+ B &3Y"^Y 468
·NµSq

B + O + !v ;=&3Y <xO+ 5 N x!+ @ Y>KY @ &"241Y 468
? Y 9;PQ9T? 9 F 9D9 L 9 L : R J R1:H: 9 F :@ GF : : Y 9 ^ R B;:

: Y R1:AR1P P R J @ FUL @CBD9 @ F 1R : R < R ? R J
: R1P :TR1: V 9cR1P KJ : Y 9 d 9;: Y L ^ R1@ Sr: Y 9 : 9 9 F 1: Y @ : < @GS F L : Y 9 d ;9 : Y L
R U
:.R F R1: 9 @ F R :? B J B 9 V WY 98B J B 98BcR F 9cR @ KJ < 98B GdUI : 9 L I @ F : Y 9 w ) , /x
PQ9DB I P PQ9 F BD9 QP 9 R1:@ GF 519;PDS
2@-AB3C +'&/"=&[Q!$/43-"?&[Q43$'&\-$*/<W &[Q5$/44%6&)1243W &[QO$/46> "=&) 4#% >/" 48
t»H¼°¾ »4Ã]¶¸¼ - ÁÊ» Ã]· ¶ ¼ -

B GF 519;P 9 F BD9O: R F B;@ R1:H@ GF < ;9 :H? 9D9 F ¶ Ã¶
º
»¹b¼°¾¹
R FUL : Y I Y ? R FUL V
).,U/x -5 I.) 9 ? 9 F 9D9 L : d @ F @ d @ G9 : 9 R d 9
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¾ Ã¶ U¾
Y ^ I F B;:@ GF
: Y -
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< I : F ? ? 9 B Y 9 : Y 9 L 9 BD9 F : L @PQ9DB;:@ GF 02- SR FUL : Y 9 :9 9 F 1
] V WY 9 PQ9 ;I : @ Y ? F @ F @ I PQ9 1 V GF : Y 9 P @ Y :pS < :CR1@ F 9 L ?A@: Y : Y 9 'R1: R "UT W#'>KY 1 A Y>""?>""UT W3?>KY 1ZYH468
" B/N |O+ B &3Y"^Y 468
B + O + v!;=&3Y < xO+ 5N x!+ @ Y>KY @ &"241Y 468
R1@ F : Y 9 d 9;: Y L ^ R1@ S

: Y 9 : 9 9 F 1: Y @ : Y P A
+ : @ F : Y @ cB R D9 S R FUL : Y 9 d 9;: Y L
:.R F R1: 9 < 9 ^ PQ9EPQ9cR B Y @ F : Y 9 d @ F @ e
d I d V + 1
R @
F Y 9EPD9DB I P PQ9 F BDE
: 9 PQ9 R1:H@ GF cB R F < 9
519 L ?A@: Y w ,/ 3S
@AB3C +D&/"=&[Q5$ /43-"=& Q4#12-XW &[Q5$/46>"0&)O4,% >/" 498
tX»H¼°¾ ¶5ÁÊ» ·¶ ¼ -

5 ¶ jL `HLMILh8¥cfByL³tH?@;=7HK<LMMA`HBdcÀRK<L?NGIK<\y8:`H?@819Q8 9<M
YELGI\U9<;=7nBEGI8:?NDx818:BFRk`HB¢BEMILS8A`HLSKC9<DHLhMAL?NGARk`7+?NGA?N;L8:LGDHL9Q8:`HLG8:B¢ByK?NGIVELNWXD)BEG8:B¢B
R FUL : Y I Y ? B GF 19;P 9 F BD9 : V
MA;=?NKCKp
©@lh+$2d¸+$ 5 } 2¢)@z
7 u
¤ ;BEDHV=8A`HL;=?NDx\KC9<DHL/MAL?@GARkÙ8:LRk`HDH9CP%OHLMWXBNDHLBN^8A`HL;BEM"8 MIOHRRLMAM"^_OHKBEDHLM 9<M

8:`HL ¤ GA;9 IBUJ+?NRkax8AG:?NRka%9CD)VlKC9<DHLyMAL?NGARk`2W'c-`H9CRkèMI8:?NGI8AMc-9Q8:`Æ?GIL?NMIBED+?NJHKQ\JH9<VK<9CDHL
RE0
E ZH ` \ H N· µ G
MAL?NGARk`7+?NGA?N;L8:LG 9CDH9Q8 W°?@DHT8:`HLDeMI`HBEG"8:LD)M9Q8W
O)D%8A9CKf8A`HLm^_OHD)R8:9<BED¯Y@?NKCO)Ly?@8h8A`HL
DHLcÊ7bBNMA9<8A9CBEDy9<MjMAO R9CLDx8AK<\yMI;m?NK<KCLGf8:`+?@DF8A`HLY@?NKCOHL/?z8®8A`HL/BEKCTy7nBEMI9<8:9<BEDX½
<
Q
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^_BEGÅ?NDHT ÅVE9QYELD
¾ 9CD)9<8
c-`H9<KCLº
» Á °¼ " ºr»(s¼Á < " mº
» °¼
¡¾

LDHT
ªLGIL 9CMF?@D 9CDH9Q8:9?@K®VNOHLMIMF^_BNGm8:`HLUK<9CDHLoMAL?NGARk` 7+?NGA?N;=LZ8:LGW-^_BEG©LZt)?N;7HK<L
9<DH9<8 ¾¶EW9<DH 9<8 9CM?o7+?NGA?N;L8:LG]8ABRBND%8AGABEK°8:`)LmGALP%OH9CGILTTHLVEGALLmBN^-THLRGIL?NMIL©BN^'8A`HL
^_OHDHRZ8:9CBNDÅ»_DHBN8ALh8:`+?@8 " =º
(» °¼ ` µy^_BEG/?yTHLMIRLDx8TH9CGILR8A9CBED+¼ZW?FD%OH;hJnLG/JbLZ8¥cfLLD
>LGAB1?@DHTBED)LNW@?NDHT 9CM8:`)Ls^w?NRZ8:BEG}Jx\/c-`H9CRk` 9<M}TH9C;9CDH9<MA`HLT/L?NRk`8A9C;LNWd^_BEG}LZt)?N;7HK<L

BEDHL`+?@K<^4'p Lj`HL ¤ GA;9 IBhJH?NRkax8:G:?@Rka¢9<DHVKC9CD)L MAL?NGARkò?YEBE9<THM'8:B¢BuMA;=?NK<K2MI8AL7HMW+MA9<DHRL18A`HL

¨+GAM"8sMI8:L7=8A`+?@8sVE9<YNLM°8:`HL-GILP%OH9CGILT=THLRGAL?@MAL 9<Du8:`HL-^_OHDHRZ8:9CBNDSY@?NK<OHL-9CMs?NRRL7v8:LT2=p LgB¢B
JH9CVMI8AL7HM1?NGAL?NKCMIB©?YEBE9<THLT2W2MA9<DHRL]BEDHL]GALP%OH9<GALM?=MIO R9CLDx8THLR?\9<Do8:`)L]^_OHDHRZ8:9<BED
Y@?NKCOHL@pf?@8:O)G:?NK<K<\©BNDHL/;=9<VE`x8jcfBED)THLG9<^8:`HL ¤ GI;=9 IBuJ+?NRkax8:GA?NRka%9CDHV=MI8:GA?@8:LVN\?NKQc'?\¢M
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?NDHTF9<8AMjRBEGIBEKCKC?NGI\=VE9QYEL/?NDo? GA;=?@8:9QYEL/?ND)MIc5LGp
º?½ FÃ =º
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» -¼

5r79;: < >
9 B G
F : @ - I KJ L @ NO9;PQ9 F :H@HR < 9DS R FUL 9;:
F I G
< 9 BcR KJ 7)@ B Y @: eR1: 2 - ?A@: Y 7)@ 2
B Y @ : B GF :CR F : S
=º
(» -sÁ °¼rÃ mº
» C¼ ] (» -¼ ] Q

» Hp¿·EÇE¼

^ »µ)Ò¶d¼ R FUL - @ jº -
R L 9 DB 9 F : L @PQ9DB;:H@ GF ^ R1: S :Y 9 F :Y 9 P d @ B GFUL @:H@ GF
º
» -sÁ < - ¼ º
» -d¼Á 1"- mº
» -d¼
» Hp¿· x¼ q
@ R1:H@ 9 L ^ P_R
VÈµvÒ N » -@Ò - ¼ [
g S ? Y 9;PQ9
E » -NÒ - ¼°¾ ·H» Ã » ¶¸-d¼ ¼ "- m- º

]] » -d¼ Q
g

» Hp¿· G ¼

f 5)
$ ps²®MA9CD)V9<Dx8:LVNG:?@8A9CBEDXW¢cfL/¨+DHT
º
(» -sÁ - ¼rÃeº
(» -¼rÃ "- =º
(» -¼ ¾ Î <1"- mº
» -s!Á - ¼ !Ã Î 1"- mºr»( -d¼

Ï Î Ï
¾ "- » mºr(» -s!Á - ¼rÃ mº
» -d¼A¼

Ï Î
- ] mº
» -°!Á - ¼rÃ mº
» -d¼A¼ ]

Ï Î

- ] » -d"¼
] ]
Ï

]
¾ · (» -¼ - ] Ò ]

N· µE´

c-`HLGIL®c5L O)MALT=8:`HLI'?NOHRk`x\-K"£vRk`xcf?NGA>/9<DHLP%O+?NK<9<8¥\]^_BEGYELRZ8:BEGIM'9CDS8:`)L®¨+GIMI859CDHLP%O+?NKC9Q8¥\EW
?NDHTS8:`HL 9C7)MARk`H9Q8:>-RBED)TH9<8A9CBED» HpÉ·NÇE¼
9CDu8:`HL-MILRBNDHTmBED)LNp°BdcÅOHMA9<DHV8A`+?@8 NW
cfL/R?NDoGIE L7HKC?NRL/BED)L1^w?NR8ABEG 9CDy8:`HL ] BND8A`HL/GA9CVN`%8'`+?NDHTMA9<THL8:BSBEJ)8:?N9CD
g
ºr(» -sÁ < - ¼ º

» -d¼Á < "- mº
» -d¼Á '» Ã ¶¸¼ 1"- mº
» -¼

¾ º
» -d¼Á 1"- mº
» -¼³Ò
c-`H9CRk`RBNDHRK<OHTHLMj8A`HL/7HGAB¢BN^4p
ts

3
/x/+ x* -H- FUL 9;P : Y 9 B G
FUL @ :@ GF ^ :Y 9 PQ9 5 @ G
I : Y 9 QP 9 d S): Y 9 < R B
:P R B @ F Y
P d @ @ F 9 9cR1PDB : 9;P d @ F R1: 9 A ? @: Y
;9CD» Ò · }» Ã »( ¶¸-d¼ ¼ "- m- º

]] » -d¼ ¼ Q
- / @ F @ :

» Hp¿·N´x¼

p4&9<8A`HLG 9<DH9<8 ?NK<GAL?NT)\[M:?@8A9CMI¨HLM8A`HL ¤ GI;=9 IBoRBEDHTH9Q8:9CBNDXW

BEG8:`HLGALy9CM?
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f 5)
$
M:?@8A9CM"^\m8:`)L ¤ GA;9 IBRBEDHT)9<8:9<BEDXW)?NDHTF`HLD)RL/8:`HLDHL³t¢8M"8:L7c-9<KCK2;OHK<8A9C7HKQ\8A`H9CMfMALRBEDHT

8:B©KC?NMI8BEDHLJ%\ XWbc-`H9CRk`8A`HLDUMA?@8:9<MI¨+LM 8:`HL ¤ GA;9 IB=RBED)TH9<8A9CBEDXWb?NDHTo8:`HLu?@KCVEBEGI9<8A`H;
MI8ABE7HMjc-9<8A` -M:?z8:9CM"^\¢9CDHVo» )pÉ·NÉ¼Zp
D=VELDHLGA?NKÄWx9Q8cfBNOHKCTJbLjYNLGI\ST)9 ROHKQ88:BVEL85?NDLM"8:9<;m?@8ALjBN^n8:`HL-KCB¢R?@K E 9C7HMIRk`H9<8A>
ts
RBED)MI8k?@D%8 » -¼³WX?NDHT8A`HLhJ+?@Rka%8AG:?NRka%9<DHV ¤ GI;=9 IB=MIL?NGIRk`9<M 7HGILR9CMALK<\?=8:B¢BEK8:B=¨+DHT

6<
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1 %zw 5 } 2%Hz@ x¸X=_d ©z¯ hH9 $2zH9 $ 5 2%Hz@
7 u
¤ VELD)LGA9<R1;9CDH9<;=9<>?@8A9CBEDu7HGIBvRLTHO)GAL1c-9<8A`©8:`HL ¤ GA;9 IB]J+?NRkax8:GA?NRka%9CDHVSK<9CDHL®MAL?NGARk`

9CM
Q
6
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¹y¾ ¹ Ï
¾Êµ
c-`H9<KCLDHB@8RBEDxYELGAVELT
¨+D)T?uMAO)9<8k?@JHKCLTHLMARLDx81TH9<GALR8:9<BED
¡¾ 9CD)9<8
c-`H9<KCLº
» Á s¼"ºr»(°¼Á " mº
» s¼
¡¾

LDHT
l¾ Á
¾ Á ¶
LDHT
º ½ ^ Ã
mº » ¼

7 9;: < 9 B GF :H@ -
F I GI KJ L @ NO9;PQ9 F :@HR < D9 SR FUL 9;:

< 9 BcR KJ 7)@ B Y @2: R1: - A ? @: Y
7 @ B Y @: B GF : R F : - VWY 9 F : Y 9 9 F ;9 P @CB
d @ F @ d @ R1:@ GF R P;@: Y d ?A@: Y < R B :HP R B @ F P
d @ @ F 9 c9 R1PDB Y 9cR L : GF 9 ^ :Y 9
^ ?A@ F PQ9 ;I :
V
=º
»( -¼s¾µ ^ P Gd 9 µ
/ V
RE0
E ZH ` \ H ·Nµ,R

V K<9C; - º
» -¼°¾ÀÃ
V
V K<9C; - ;9CD» "- =º

»( -¼ Ò 2 5 ¼¾Êµ

V
pI'?NMAL¶9<M?SKCO)Rka%\F`)9<8®BN^?SMI8:?@8:9<BED+?NG"\y7nBE9CDx8Wi?@DHTR?NMAL·SR?ND`H?N7H7nLD
c-`HLD¯8A`HLm^_OHD)R8:9<BED¯9<MDHBN8hJbBEO)DHTHLT¯^_GIBE; JbLKCBdc/p ¤ MAMAO);=9<DHV8:`H?@8uDHL9<8:`)LG9<M]8A`HL
f 5)
$
R?NMILNW59ÄpÈLNp mº
» -d*¼ ¾ µU^_BEG?NKCK /µ)Wf?NDHTeKC9C; - ºr»( -¼ " Ã ÊW58A`HL ¤ GA;9 IB
RBED)TH9<8A9CBEDyVE9QYELM-^_BNG-?NKCK +/µ

º
(» - Î ¼rÃeº
(» -¼ - "- mº
» -d¼ZÒ

?NDHTFMAO);=;9CDHVuBdYNLG bW)c5L]BEJv8k?N9<D
-
ºr(» - Î ¼rÃeºr(» Ï ¼ 5 !5 15" mºr(» 5Z¼ZÒ

Ï

c-`H9CRk`MA`)B¸c-M®8:`+?z8j8:`HLMAOH; GIL;=?N9CD)MjJbBEO)DHTHLT^_GABE; JbLKCBdc/W+MA9<DHRLº

» - Î ¼ " Ã Êp
Bdc ?@KCKX8:`)L8ALGA;M-9CDF8:`HL/MIOH;?NGAL/DHLVx?@8:9QYEL@WnMI9CDHRL8A`HL 5 ?NGALTHLMARLDx81TH9<GALRZ8:9<BEDHMW

?NDHTy8:`)LGALZ^_BEGAL8A`HL8:LGI;=M-;hO)MI8®RBEDxYNLGAVNL8AB>LGIBHW

-
KC9<; -N "- =º
(» -¼s¾ !µ Q

q LD)B¸c THL¨+D)L8A`HL8¥cfBMALZ8:M

½É¾ 9CD)9<8 "
· }» oÃ ¶¸¼ "- mº
] » -d¼ Ò c]½¿¾ 9<DH9<8 · » Ã ¶d¼ "- mºr] (» -d¼ Q
Î

(» -d¼ - ] (» -¼ - ]

^ Î WHcfL`+?YEL^_GIBE;8:`)LRBEGABNKCK?@GI\
- / · }» Ã (» ¶¸-¼ ¼ "- m- º
]] » -d¼

?NDHTy8:`)LGALZ^_BEGAL
-B "- =º
(» -¼ (» -d¼· } » Ã ¸
¶ ¼ - mº
» -d¼
]
` µ)Ò

" k

n
- ]

c-`H9CRk`9C;7HK<9CLM "- mº
» -¼ ¾ µ!Q
- KC9<;

- ]
+BEG ]dW)c5L`+?YEL/^_GABE;«8:`HL/RBNGABEK<K?NG"\

- / 9<DH9<8 Ò
c-`H9CRk`9C;7HK<9CLM
- KC9<; /"- mº
» -¼ ¾ µ)Ò

?NDHTF`HLDHRLRBED)RKCO)THLM-8:`HL/7HGIBvB@^4p

s
·v¶dµ

j`H9CM¨+GIMI8RBEDxYNLGAVNLDHRL'GALMAOHKQ8}THBvLMgO)D)^_BEGI8AOHD+?@8ALKQ\1DHBN89<;=7HKQ\8A`+?@8}8:`)L5?@KCVEBEGI9<8A`H;
L
RBEDxYNLGAVNLMf8AB?MI8k?z8:9CBND+?NGI\h7bBE9<Dx8sc-`)LGAL®8:`HL®VEGA?NTH9CLDx85Y@?NDH9<MA`HLMW¢MA9<DHRL®9CDR?NMIL1Ë)Wx8A`HL
VEG:?@TH9CLD%8fR?NDyMI9C;7HK<\JnLRBE;=L ;=BEGIL1?ND)Ty;=BEGIL BEG"8:`HBNVEBED+?NKi8:Bh8A`HLMAL?NGARk`FTH9<GALR8:9<BEDXp
+BEG?yMAOHRRLMAMI^_O)K5?@KCVEBEGI9<8A`H;oWbBEDHLh8A`HLGIL^_BEGILD)LLT)M/8ABFTHL;=?NDHT¡;BEGALhB@^58A`HLuMAL?NGARk`
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e ¬ YH T " )\/%"
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e- >
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# S -0-9/%' - 4(" 1 +9/%$&" -9$#) S 1 $&"(70+9-x#S /8"('5! $&"('Q± $&" +x( ' 3%' +5 N ' #S ":+U+.$)\/%"(/8)6/0'
¬ R = R 4("o5 '- +x( ' 1 $&"(7 +.-x,S /%":+ R [ V
#S " $#" +H( ' -9/ !®: + ¬ t = R ³> Z R ³³ 4("o(' -
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L? CNM CNM9
K,I H J=@=@?,9>!
= D; A CN?,I; J!; %& I; CNM9 =@? H MC
B¼

#%$'&() *,+ -/.l03250X6 7:9<;9>=@?NA? ;C9>=>?,I= I? ;C O 9CNMI
Q &$ - !&/ R&' " VT

U = VXT
(/83%' "($,+ 1 $&":R&' - !&'
"g ¨^ /8+H ¬ ¨^ aVXT 'a !o ¨^ = ¨ >
7 +,#S - +./%""!U/ +xw ¨ 1 $&)\O(45+.' S,"vS#O5O(-9$VY/%)?S,+.' )\/%"5/%)
^ 4()
¨ $ ¬ » ¨ T
1 $&)6O545+.' ¨ > ¨
¬ = VXT 70)S#383%' -N+xo S#"
V
7 +5 38/%) ¨ ¨ ' !o ¨ > = V ¨ $&- ¨¬ > = ³¨
g = g Z T n o ¬ ¡
' "o
O(' $&383%$#/%"%!P+H('$&-0') 7H($#7<+H S,+<4("o(' -@794(/ +,S&53%' 1 $&"o5/8+./8$&"(7S,3!&$&-0/8+H() ¼o ¼

O(-9$L(4 1 '7S ' +9+9'-S#"o ' +0+.'- S#O(O5-9$VY/%)?S,+./8$&"\+9$GS?O[$&/8":+N7HS,+./87 M /%""! +x5' -070+Z$#-H(' -
$&O5+9/%)?S#3%/ + M 1 $&"o5/8+./8$&"(7 $ +x5'?$#-9/!#/%" S#3 O(-0$(3%' )+!&/8R#'" /%" O(' $&-9' ) ¼o½¼
ced gfhi
<-2 ±35 " ( 098 ± " 6 $ ¥ & =,`=,< 0 $ & 0 J <-J!%4
8& %2x 0 $ & (*546,. 46%$ ¨

¬ ¨ e ± = ª = » »V¡V¡V¡M» ª » ¬ ¼o ¼
e¬ ¨ m
( 098 (-!,!%J P $:($ ¸_¸ ¸0¸ ¹
¬ ¨ » ¨ ³ ¨ » ¬ ¼o ¼
¥ %2x ¨ " V (-! U " ."( 098 $ ($ ¨ " ¥ & $:[ e ¬ x ¥ & =,(2x4 & 0 H(2%4
& 098 @w 098 0 $ / <-2 ª . $ q !#%$< / (L=%$ & 1 "=,< 0 !%$2{( & 0 $ ! ($ M 0 !5($ & ! _,!I$
t2x!%$"<-2 8 %2`<,w9$ & P (4 & $
=,< 098& $ & < 0 !`< / ,<-2x P }9M} .;( 098 ¨ " . $ (-!,!#<#= & ($@ 8
s( z 2H( 0 z P J4K$ & w94 & %2x! M
Ifrg . ' + ['*+x( ' 1 $&)\O(38')\'":+<$ ,S +2V#S "oA 38' + ¬ Yx ± = ¬ t3 +H( '
S 1 $&(/~#S " $ / +x ¬ t? +H( 'Q3%/8"('7 e ¬ t /8+x ª #S "o ¬ t? +H( 'Q3%/8"('7
e t ¬ ¬
/8+H ª NM6+H( '#S 70794()\O5+9/%$&"\+x ,S +! ,Y #S 7 453%3 -x#S " g L 'IoS R#'@+x S +
/%" S "('/ !® [$#-H( $ $V $ 5( +H( '*O(79' 4o( $ /8":R&'-079'
X >
¬ ¬ t ± = ¬ ¬ t" ¬ Y ! ¬ t
/%7 ' 3%3( '( "('5$ #$#2 3%'T+&%± = ¬ ¬ ' 3 k (¬ ' , ,S "o) % ± = V R +H( ' 70' +*L/87"($,+
')\O5+ M® 4579/%""! +H( ' ( '( "(/8+9/%$&" ¬ ¼o½ ¼ %N ' 1 #S " '7 +./%)?,S +9'
¸_¸ ¸0¸ m
¬% ¨ Ã ³
= + , e
-/
³
¹ 0
2. 143 Ã6567
³
¨ + , e 8- ¸ ?>6¸@ > ¾ 41 3 Ã 5 ¾ 7 ¬ ¼o ¼ ®
9;:=< 0
= Ã
¹ 9;:=< A>B@ . ¾ 0 1C3 Ã 5 ¾ED
³ ÃGF ¾ ¾
9;:=< A. >B@ ¾ 0 1C3IH 5 ¾

!X
L
m
$&- U 3~S#- !&' '"5$&4%!®W'" 1 ' '*$Y+,S#/8"L+9$!&'T+x(' -_/8+x+S#70794()\O5+./8$&" ¬ ¼o ¼ x+ S,+
¸_¸ X ¸_¸ ¹ ¸0¸ X ¸0¸ ¸0¸ X ¸_¸
¬(' ¨ T ¬% ¨ ³ ¬' ¨ T % ¨ ³Z ¬% ¨ ³
¹
¨ Z ³ . Ã F ¾ ¾ = ± 1 ¨
¬ ¼o ¼
9;:=< A>B@ ¾ 0 1C3 H 5 ¡
#$# 79/8" 1 '!¬ ¬ ' ¨ " ¬(' ¨ = oN' S R&'
¸0¸ ¸0¸ ¸_¸ X ¸0¸
¬
¬ ¨
( ' ¬
' ¬
¨ T % ¨ ? ³ =¹ ¬
¸_¸ ¬ ¨
( ' ¬ ¬
¸0¸ ¨ T ¨ % ¨ ? ³ ¬
' ¬
' ¬ ¼o ¼
¬ ¬ ' ³ 1 ¨
$&- U (/! ' "($&4%!®r R + +H('-0' $&-0' $&3%38$ 7Z+H ,S +
¸_¸ ¸_¸ ¹I¸_¸ ¸_¸ ¸0¸ ¸0¸
T
% % ³ ¬ ¨ ¬ ¬
( '
¬
' T
¬ ¬ ' ¨
¬ ' ¨ Z ¬ ¬
( ' ¨
¬
' ¨ T ¬ ¨
% ? ³
S#"oQ4579/%""! ¬ ¼o ¼ ®YS#"o ¬ ¼½¼® S#"oQ+H( ' S 1 + +H ,S + ' ¨ " ' N' $5+,S,/%" +H S,+ % ¨ " %
S#7 U " Q 4(- +x(' -9)\$&-9'a 1 $&":+9/%" 4(/8+ MQ$ +H( ' !&-xSa( /%' " +977S#"o ¬ ¼o ¼ /8)6O538M\+x S,+
q X
¬ ' ¬ ' 6 % = V »
T
S#"o 79/%" 1 ' ¬' ¨ 1V) $&- #S 3%3 U N 'G S R&' ¬ ' 3 [ V Q /8" #S 3838M®Y +x( '"( ' "5/8+./8$&" $ % ¨

/%" ¬ ¼o½¼ !&/8R#'7
m e ¬ ' ¨ ¬ % ¨ e = ¨ »
S#"o¦/8+H % ¨ " %N '?$5+,,S /%"
e (¬ ' e = V »
( / 1 1 $#" 1 384o( '7 +H( '*O(-9$ $
R + /%7P-9' ),S - g &S (38' +x S +P+x( ' !&' "('-0/ 1 /%":+9'-9/8$&- O $&/%":+P)\' +H( $L\,S 3%79$ 1 $&)\O(45+.' 7)#S "
'7 +./%)?,S +9' $&- +x( ' . &S !&-H#S "%!&') 4(3 +./8O(3%/8'-97®#S 7 7{( $# "Q/%"P+x5 'WO5-9' R /8$&4(7 +x( ' $&-9' )+& GD5 /%3%'
+x( /87 +x( ' $&-9' ) '7 +,&S (38/%7{( '7 S #S 79/ 11 $&":R&' - !&' " 1 '<-9'704(38+ $&- +H( ' !&'"(' -9/ 1 /8":+.'-0/%$&- O $&/8" +
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#S 3!#$&-9/ +x( )w±
® " 4("o #S )\'":+x#S 3 O(-9$53%') /8" +H( '¤#S 3 !&$&-0/8+x5 ) /%7*+xo,S + +H( 'W'7079/~,S " $ +H( ' 4("W·
1 $&"(70+9-x#S /8"('5 O(-0$(3%' ) +.$ '*79$&3 R&'5 /%"L'5S 1 U / +.'-H,S +./8$&"Q/87 [' 1 $&)\/%"%! )\$&-9' ,S "o
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1 $&"o( / +./%$#"\" 4() [' - /87 O(-9$#O[$&- +./8$&" #S 3 +.$ >
Ã O( '/%383 1 $#"o( /8+9/%$&"5/%"%! /87 ' R /6( ' ":+ $#-
+H( ' '3o,S )6O(38' $&" +H( '6-0/!®: +?/%" Q / !&4(-9'. ¼o
( ' -9'6+H( ' 1 4(- RS +.4(-0'6/87 ' 1 $&)·
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'5 +.$##S -HA +H( '
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" "($#+x5 '-W/%)\O[$&- +,#S ":+ O5-9$(38') /87 +x( '?70+x#S -0+9/%"LO[$#/%":+ ' ¨^ 79/8"%! ' ¨ > 1 #S " ';S
R#'-0M 45"(3%4 1 g M 1 5 $&/ 1 ' 79/8" 1 'P$#"(' 1 #S " 7{( $# +xo,S + -9$&) +x5 /%7@O $&/%":+5
S #' +9$&"
>
7 +.'O [' 1 $&)\'77#S 7 M )6O5+9$#+./ 1 #S 3838M\/%" 'V#S 70/(38'@/ ¨ > i ¨
¬ ³
O( '70' +@ $ O(-9$53%')\7 1 #S " ( $#N ' R&' - ['GSo( -0'7970'5 4(70/%"%!¦6S O[' -0+.45- ,S +9/%$&"v#S - !#4()6' ":+
/%" +x5 '6$&OY+./%)?#S 38/8+ M 1 $&"o5 /8+./8$&"(7
5 / 1 38'VS5 7?+9$ +H( '6O $# ' - 4(3 1 36#S 797?$ O(-9/8)#S 3 ·@( 4o#S 3
/%":+.' -9/8$&-NO $&/8" +N)\' +x5 $( 7 /8+x [$#+HV '% 1 ' 3%38'":+Z+x5 '$&-0' +./ 1 #S 3#S "oV O5-xS 1 +./ 1 #S 3 O(-9$&O '- +./8'75

¤¤ © %¯

b © , ´¨ ©f¨
'r 4(' ":+./~S,3 r 4 Sa(-xS,+9/ 1 O(-9$&!&-xS#)\)\/%"%! ¬ )S#-0' )\' +H($L(7\+9$ 07 $&38R#' $#O5+./8)6/ VS,+9/%$&"
O(-9&$ (3%' )67h/8+H 'r 4oS#3%/ + M ¬ $&- 79$&)\' +9/%)\'7 /%"('r 4 S#3%/ + M 1 $&"(70+9-xS#/8":+.7 S#79'P$&" . S&!#-xS#"%!#'
) 4(3 +./%O53%/%' -97 O(' !&' "('-HS#3 )6/8"(/%)\/ 5S,+./8$&" O(-9$&(3%' )
¬(' " )\/%" ± "$ » ¬ ¼o V
¬(' = V ± ! #"$ 6 »
m
S#7Z+H(' . S !&-xS#""!&/~S#" X
¬' » %t = ¬' T ¬(' 6% ¡
O('*70M 70+9') $ -97 +W$&-H(' - $&O5+9/%)?# S 3%/ + M 1 $&"o(/ +./8$&"(7 X
¬' %Y = ¬' T ¬ ¬(' H % = V

»
(¬ ' = V
¬ ¼o
m
S#7Sª Z ) 'r 4 S,+./8$&"(7 $&-?ª Z ) 45" g "($# "(7@/%" ,S "o %_ W79/8"%! #W' +9$&"(7W)6'T+x($L '
+.$ 1 $#)6O(4Y+.' S#"+S#O(O(-0$V5/8)S +.'@70$&3%45+9/%$&"L$ ¬ ¼ #%N '*$5+,,S /%"V+x('*/ +.'-HS,+./8$&"
X
' ¨¬ > ' ¨ (' ¨ % ¨ T ¬' ¨ ¨ % ¨
m
A % ¨ ¬ > = A % ¨ T ¬ ' » ¨ ¬ ¬'
A (¬ ' ¨ »

C C V C »

('-0' ¬' » %Yg( ' "($#+.' 7 +x( ' ' 7970/~#S "U /8+HP -9'70O[' 1 + +.$ ' $ +H( ' . &S !&-x,S "%!&/~,S " O5 '-9'·
$&-9'aLS,+ '5S 1 V

/8+9'-H,S +./8$&" $ #'% +.$&"57Z)6'T+x( $L $&"(' #S 7 +.$ 70$&38R#'W+H( '<38/%"('5#S - 70M 70+9') $
'r 4 ,S +9/%$&"57
X
¬ ' ¨ % ¨ T (¬ ' ¨ ' (¬ '
¨ % ¨
(¬ '
» ¨ A = T A ¬ ' ¨ »

V % C C ¡

O( /%7 7 M 70+.' ) 1 #S " 'V#S 70/%3 M '*70M )6)\X ' +9-9/ '5r M -9/8+9/%"%!P/ +/%"Q+H( ' $&-9)
¬ ' ¨ % ¨ ¬ ' ¨ ' (¬ '
¨ % ¨
(¬ '
» ¨ A T % = T A ¬ ' ¨ »
V C C »

#S "o ( '" 1 'V$&"(' 1 #S " 4579'¤S ( $&3%' 7 g M ( ' 1 $&)6O $&70/8+./8$&" +.$U70$&38R#'Q/8+5 / +x5 ' )?,S +.-0/ /87
O[$#79/8+9/8R#'( '% "(/8+9' $&-QA S )\$L( /l 1 ,S +./8$&" +x( ' -9'$ / +x( ' 70M 70+9') /%7 /%"o5 ' "(/ +.'a R +H( '
70M 70+9') /%7W3~#S - !&'"#S "oU 70O #S -079' $&"(' $&4536A 4(70' $&" 04"!,S +.' -xS( /8'":+.7/%"L+x( ' O[$#79/8+9/8R#'

( '( "(/8+9' 1 #S 70'9#S "oj t R # $,+x( ' -{ /%70'

NMV3%/8"('V,S -9/8+ MN '*$5+,,S /%" X -9$&) +x( ' -070+WO #S - +W$ +H( '*70M 70+9')` X
¨ ¨ ¨
(¬ ' % ' T ¬ ' % = T ¬ ' % = T (¬ ' Z ¬ ¬ ' { % ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨
» » »
"!

#S "L'r 4(/ R,S 3%'":+ $&-0)+

¨ ¨ ¨ X ¨ ¨
(¬ ' % ' T ¬ (¬ ' { ¬ % Z %Y = T (¬ ' »
»
Ra#S -0/~&S (38' % + = % ¨ Z %Y +x5 '@70M 70+9') /8" #'% +.$&"57 )6'T+x( $L

#S "o¦( ' " 1 'I / +x +H( ' "('%!

/%7#S 3879$P'r 45/8Ra#S 3%' ":+W+9$

X
¬(' ¨ » % ¨ ¨ ¬(' ¨ A ' = T A ¬(' ¨ ¨ ¬ ¼o
¬ ' V T %+ C ¬ ' C »

m

!X
L
(/ 1 ?/%3%3 '<4579' ¨ 453 3~¨ S +.'- Q /8" S#3838M®:$#"(' N$&4(3l $ +9'"Q4(70'S#"S#O(O(-0$#Y/8)S,+9/%$&" b ¨ $
+x( ' W'7970/~#S " (¬ ' % 3 S#"oL+x 4(770$&38R#'*+H('*70M 70+9')
» X
b ¨ ¨ ¬(' ¨ A ' = T A ¬' ¨ ¨

¬ ' V
T %+ C ¬' C ¡
¬ ¼o
m
¨
R b /%7 /%":R&' -0+./ (3%'aY $#"(' 1 #S "V79$&3 R&' ¬ ¼o :M 4(70/%"%!eS 1 4(- 1 $&)\O(3%' )6' " +S#O(O5-9$S 1 r

< ¥ %2, & 0 (4 4

$ & ! 8 <#,!;$ 0 ( Pm =, X ¨ X ¨ X = b ¨
«³ b « Z « ¬ ' " )\/%" ¬ b ¬ ¼o ¼
¬(' ' « = T ¬(» ' ¡ »
m
R b ¨ ¬ ' %Y +x( /87W/87S r 4oS( -xS +./ 1 )\$L( '3 $ +H( '*)6/8"(/%)\/ 5,S +./8$&"6O5-9$(38')

(¬ ' Z «! " )6/8" »

79/8" 1 ' :M S M 38$&- '%Y O #S "579/%$#"o '; S R&'
X X
¬ ' Z « = ¬ ' Z « ¬ ' Z « b ¨ « Z ¡V¡5¡

/8+H+PS 38/%"('5#S -O#S O(O5-9$VY /%)?,S +./8$&"Q$ +x( ' 1 $&"(70+9-x#S /8":+
¬ ' Z «L = V
»
79/8" 1 ' :M S M 38$&- '%Y O #S "579/%$#"o '; S R&'
X
¬ ' Z « = ¬ ' Z ¬ ¬ ' H « Z ¡V¡5¡»

( / 1 )6'5#S "(7_,S "¦#S O(O(-0$V5 /8)S +./%$#"6$ $&4(- $#-9/!#/%" #S 3O5-9$(38') ¬ ¼ V % O( ' . S !&-x#S ""!&/~#S "
$&-Z+x5 '?)\$L( '3 ¬ ¼o ¼ /87 m
X X X
m
¬ « » %Y+ = « b ¨ « Z « (¬ ' T ¬ ¬ ' Z ¬ ' { % + »
#S "oV +x5 ' ( -970+W$&-{( '-$&OY+./%)?#S 38/8+ M 1 $#"o( /8+9/%$&"57#S -9'
¨b « ¬ ' T ¬ (¬ ' H X % + = V
Z
¬ ' C « = T ¬ ' »
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