PAPER: ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR

Questions related to Unit 3 (Patterns of Behaviour: Reflexes; Orientation; Learning)

and Unit 7 (Biological clocks)

Q.1 (a) Define the following terms:

1. Orientation
2. Taxis
3. Kinesis
4. Learning
5. Imprinting
6. Habituation
7. Conditioning
8. Reflex
9. Reflex arc
10. Zeitgeber
11. Entrainment

(b) Distinguish b/w:

1. Primary and Secondary Orientation

2. Innate behavior and Learned behavior
3. Menotaxis and Telotaxis
4. Focused learning and Generalized learning
5. Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning
6. Somatic reflex and Autonomic reflex

(c) What are the following scientists known for?

1. Niko Tinbergen
2. Karl von Frisch
3. Ivan Pavlov
4. Konrad Lorenz

(d) Fill in the blanks:

1. When the orientational response of an organism is random, it is referred to as
__________ whereas it is called _________when it is directed towards a specific
stimulus.
2. Orientational response of an earthworm towards gravity is called ____________.
3. ______________ refers to the orientation of an organism towards a source of light.
4. The response exhibited by woodlice towards moist environment indicates
__________.
5. The movement of organisms towards or away from chemicals is called
_____________, or _____________ ______________, respectively.
 6. A cattle egret follows the cattle while it is grazing, and it enables it to easily feed on
soil worms eventually exposed. This type of behavior on part of the egret reflects
_____________.
7. The aspect of learning by animals answers the question w.r.t its survival value, first
raised by _________.

Q.2 (a) Write a note on ‘filters’ used as learning processes for filtering relevant information
from the ‘irrelevant one(s).
(b) Explain ‘imprinting’ with the help of a suitable example.

Q.3 (a) What do you understand by a ‘reflex’ and a reflex arc? Draw a labeled diagram of a
reflex arc/pathway.
(b) Briefly state the characteristics of reflexes.

Q.4 Write short notes on the following:

1. Biological clocks
2. Classical conditioning
3. Jet lag
4. Significance of behavioral studies