(im. Let’s Work and Learn ‘Stand up. Think of one fact that you know about communication and share it with everyone. Once you have shared something, you can sit down and listen to what the rest of the class has to share. EB) key takeaways Communication i a process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another within and across channels, contexts, media, and cultures (MeCornack, 2014). There is 2 wide variety of contexts and situations in which communication can be manifested; it can be a face-to-face interaction, a phone conversation, a group discussion, a meeting or interview, a letter correspondence, a elass recitation, and many others. “Nature of Communication 1. Communication sa proces. 2. Communication aecurs between two or more peopl ihe speaker and the reeiver) 3. Communication can be expressed through written or spoken words, actions (nonverbab, or both spoken words and nonverbal actions atthe same time. Elements of Communication Communication is divided into elements which help us better understand its mechanics or process, These elements are the following: 1. Speaker - the source of information or message 2, Message the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions 3, Encoding the process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms that the speaker understands 4. Channel the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal or nonverbal, In which the encoded message is conveyed Decoding - the process of interpreting the encoded message ofthe speaker by the receiver Receiver - the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message Feedback -the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver Context - the environment where communication takes place Barrier - the factors that affect the flow of communication Ais reserved. No pat chs materia may be reproduced o ans in any form or by ary eran econ ef mechanical ncuseg plocopying wide weiten permission Bem De Depee Ceara Men Fist Ean, 206Process of Communication ‘The speaker generates an idea, JL ‘The speaker encodes an idea or converts the idea into words or actions. L ‘The speaker transmits or sends out a message. L The receiver gets the message. L The receiver decodes or interprets the ‘message based on the context. Example Daphne loves Rico, her suitor, asa friend, L SShe thinks of how to tell im using their native language, L She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita bang aibigan.” Rico hears what Daphne says, L He tries to analyze what she means based fn the content and their relationship, ‘and he is heartbroken, L He frowns and does not say something, ‘because he is in pain. L The receiver sens or provides feedback. 1. Shannon- Weaver Model Known as the mother ofall communication models, the Shannon-Weaver model (1948) depiets communication as a linear or one-way process consisting of five elements: source (producer of message): a transmitter (encoder of message into signals); a channel (signals adapted for transmission); a receiver (decoder of message from the signal); and a destination ‘This model, however, has been criticized for missing one essential element inthe communication process:/eedback. Without feedback. the speaker willnot know whethertherecelver understands the message or not Information Source Transmitter Receiver Destination Channel | Signal Received Signal Message Message Noise Source Fig 1. Shannon Weaver Mode! Aight resorvd. No pat ofthis mati ay be reproduces or tansmited in ay fxm ey any means. ecbonco mechanical nung phsocopying ia witlon persica Ho the DepEd Cental Ofee Fist Elbo, 20762, Transaction Model Unlike the Shannon Weaver Model, which isa one-way process, the Transaction Model is at: ‘way process with the inclusion of feedback as one element. Noise Noise Noise Noise Fig 2. Transaction Mode! As shown in Figure 2, this model is more interactive. There is a collaborative exchange of messages between communicators with the aim of understanding each other. It also shows that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of communication, ‘Work with your group mates in the Let’s Warm Up activity. Asa group, do the following: Study the diagram below. It represents the Schramm Model, Schramm (1954) modified the Shannon-Weaver Model. What has Schramm added to the ‘Shannon-Weaver Model? Is the new model more comprehensive? Why do you think so? How is it different from or similar to the Transaction Model? Noise Feedback Fig 3. Schramm Mosel Ait reserves. No pat fs matt maybe repreduced or rans n any amor by ay means cetronco mecha! nue psoeopin whet oriten persion Wom the Depa Cara ce, Ft Eto, 2016.Rasically, there are five functions of communication, These are control, socal interaction, ‘motivation, emotional expression, and information dissemination. fh 2 3 4 Control ~ Communication functions to control behavior. Social Interaction ~ Communication allows individuals to interact with others. “Motivation ~ Communication motivates or encourages people to live better. Emotional expression ~ Communication facilitates people's expression of their feelings and emotions. Information dissemination - Communication functions to eanvey information. Identify the function of communication in each of the following situations. Write your answers on the space provided. 4. The teacher reads and discusses classroom policies to her students, 2, Ross greets Rachel; then, they start talking about their plans for the holidays. 3. Phoebe shares her insights on how to live peacefully despite a complicated life Monica shares her personal frustrations with Chandler. ‘The geometry teacher lectures about mathematical concepts. Sheila delivers her valedictory speech, ‘The President delivers his last State ofthe Nation Address. television personality thanks the supportive moviegoers during an interview. 9. The city mayor presents her strategies to execute the plans in a public forum, 10. Aourist guide orients a group of tourists about a heritage site, “Features of an Effective Communication In their ploneer book Effective Pubic Relations, Professors Broom, Cutlip, and Center (2012) list the 7 Cs of Effective Communication. This lists widely used today, especially in public relations and advertising 1 Completeness Complete communication is essential tothe quality of the communication process in general. Hence, communication should include everything that the receiver needs to hear for him/ her to respond, react, or evaluate properly. Conciseness Conciseness does not mean keeping the message short, but making it director straight to the point. Insignificant or redundant information should be eliminated from the communication ‘that willbe sent tothe recipient. ‘Aig reerved. No pat el his mate maybe reproduced or Vana in any armory ay means teconco mecarial mua psocopyng whet writen pormsion Kon the Dope Cara Olen. Ft Eten, 2016.3, Consideration ‘To be effective, the speaker should always consider relevant information about his/her receiver such as mood, background, race, preference, education, status, and needs, among others. By doing so, he/she can easily build rapport withthe audience. 4, Concreteness Effective communication happens when the message is concrete and supported by facts, flgures, and real-life examples and situations. In this ease, the receiver is more connected to the message conveyed. 5, Courtesy ‘The speaker shows courtesy in communication by respecting the culture, values, and beliefs of his/her receivers. Being courteous at all mes creates a postive impact on the audience. 6, Clearness Clearness in communication implies the use of simple and specific words to express ideas. It is also achieved when the speaker focuses only on a single objective in his/her speech so as not to confuse the audience, 1. Correctness Correctness in grammar eliminates negative impact on the audience and increases the credibility and effectiveness of the message. ‘There are instances when miscommunication and misunderstanding occur because of certain barriers. To become an effective communicator, you should recognize these barriers that hinder the start communication process. This will enable you to control the situation, reset conditions, and anew. The table below presents some barriers to effective communication with corresponding, Emotional |You foarviers | fel frustrated. etson to give you a moment sa you can relax or calm youset having a bad day or you | Recognize these kinds of emotions and poltely ask the other You sit in a meating or dass where | Recognize this kind of attitude, reset and reflect on how you you think the speaker is boring. | can be interested in what the speaker i pointing aut Use of jargon | You area scientist discussing a [Jargon refers to the set of specialized vocabulary in a certain certain weather phenomenon |feld To avoid communication breakdown due to lack of wth your neighbor who does not | clay, adjust your language: use layman's terms or simple know much about the topic. | words Tack of | You are arked to share something | Develop salfconfidence by joining organizations where you confidence | about your day or weekend, but |can share and develop your interests. Look for opportunites you are hesitant because you are in your school or community that will help you find your shy strengths and improve your abilities, Nolyy You are having a conversation | Recognize that noise isa common barrier Make some environment | with some friends when 2 song | agustments by asking someone to minmize the volume was played loudly. ‘or by looking fr a quit area where you can resume the conversation, Note that these are only some of the barriers; many others may arise out of context, language, physical restrictions, and the lke Al hts eserved. No pat ol his mari maybe rproiced or rans in any fem by ay means - ‘tsctronie cr macranal neuding gholocopsng- wind rien perma om te DepEa Cantal fie, Fst Eaton, 2016,Verbal Communication ‘and Nonver Verbal Communication refers to an interaction in which words are used to relay a message. For effective and successful verbal communication, use words to express ideas which can be easily understood by the person you are talking to. Consider appropriateness, brevity, clarity, ethics, and vividness when engaging inthis type of communication, 1. Appropriateness ‘The language that you use should be appropriate to the environment or occasion (Le, ‘whether formal or informal). Brevity Speakers who often use simple yet precise and pourerful words are found tobemore credible. ‘Try to achieve brevity by being more direct with your words. Avoid fillers and insubstantial expressions which do not add to the message, such as “uh,” *you know,” *I guess," and others. 3. Clarity ‘The meanings of words, feelings, or ideas may be interpreted differently by alistener; hence, itis essential for you to clearly state your message and express your ideas and feelings. 4. Ethies Words should be carefully chosen in consideration of the gender, rales, ethnicity, preferences, and status of the person or people you are talking to. 5. Vividness ‘Words that vividly or creatively deseribe things or feelings usually add color and spice to communication. Hence, you are encouraged to find ways to charm your audience through the use of vivid words. Nonverbal communication refers to an interaction where behavior is used to convey and represent meanings. All kinds of human responses that are not expressed in words are clasified as ‘nonverbal communication. Examples of nonverbal communication are stares, smile, tone of voice, ‘movements, manners of walking, standing and siting, appearance, style of attire, atitude towards lume and space, personality, gestures, and others. Mastery of nonverbal communication is important for several reasons: 41. _Thenhances and emphasizes the message of your speech, thus making it more meaningful, truthful, and relevant. Itcan communicate feelings, attitudes, and perceptions without you saying a word. [It can sustain the attention of listeners and keep them engaged in the speech. It gives the audience a preview to the type of speaker you are. It makes you appear more dynamic and animated in your delivery. It serves as a channel to release tension and nervousness, Ithelps make your speech more dramatic. It can build a connection with listeners ‘Itmakes you eredible speaker. 410, Ithelps you vary your speaking style and avoid a monotonous delivery. @ gh rsorved. Ho pa ofthis mati maybe reproduced er ans nay oom o by ary means econ ormaancal neng patecpjng- wihout wrt pormsson om fe DepEd Cowal OMe Fs Ein, 2016.