PROGRAMMING THE CYBER MILL ‘The tabulation used in the CNC program editor follows ‘example from the literature, with the column headings as ‘Address Characters defined in the BS 3635 Specification Minor variations include the use of T for tool size and the use of Dfor dwell time, The convention used in circular interpolation assumes thatthe last programmed move brought the cutting tool to the star point for the arc. The finish point for the arc defined in the interpolation move is Wen celative to the start point in incremental terms for X and Y with the centre of the are also in incremental terms 1 and J. The datum point for XY, Z is not used and as a consequence, | and J are always postive. Before wsiting a program, the examples on the distrbution dise should be examined and perhaps run to give a degree of confidence and understanding of the SO programming conventions Edit Screen The edit screen for the Cyber Mil is presented on too of the stack of device and cell defintion windows, when the mil is first declaved as part of the cell from the cell menu ‘or whenever selected thereatte, from the windows menu devices option imposed and greyed-out in the Edit menu, giving tine ‘numbers in single increments Prewousy writen programs ine GMeode fost may bbe loaded into the est window fromthe Load selection 9 the File menu. Programs in other formats may also be Joaded using the Import selection ‘fom the File menu, ‘The Impor filetypes inclide HPGL, NC Dril, Gerber and ‘ASCII, making the distinction in the latter case between programs in G&Mcode writen in the edit window and those writen with a conventional text editor, when the address character must be stated for every entry Ifthe NC Dil file shown here, gauge.ht0 is selected for loading, the dialogue for the NC Dril Post processor will be displayed, ling the dril sizes to be used for the various depth of cut and feed rates. The dimensions of the biank may be set as well as the load point and fve check boxes for altematives. ‘The meaning of the column heading Address Characters are a8 follows = N Line number G Preparatory function, generally relating to the cuter X.Y.2 Co-ordinates of the nex! postion to move to 1.” Incremental co-ordinates of the centre of a crcutar are Feed rate fo the move S Spindle speed T Tool diameter D —Owell time in seconds M Miscellaneous functions All dimensions may be specified in milimetres or inches Using the G70 and G71 codes, respectively Entries may be made into any of the column positions ‘and edited by overtyping as appropriate using the keyboard cursor and tab keys fo move between fields ‘and the Cirle), Civ combinations to insert and delete lines or rows, respectively. Auto-ine numbering is, ‘When the setting have been accepted by using the OK. button, the post processing occurs with @ horizontal bar dispiay to incicate progress, and the save file dialogue box. (Once the fle is saved as required, the processed fe in the Mal edit window ig revealed ready for program ‘execution, either in the material or in simulation to check beforehand & WALLI for WINDOWS, Revised 25/7/96 USE of WALL page 251SO Format Programming the Mill Many good books have been writen on CNC programming and this section of the manual should be read in conjunction with one of them, particularly one drat 's based on the use of the ISO G and ta Codes. From the large renge of standard preparatory and miscellaneous function codes (G and M Codes), the ‘ones thal are accepied within Wall form a'SuB-sel that demonstrate the pasies of CNC machialag. on 6 machine ‘capable of doing useful work either stand alone or as an ofan integrated mul-roboyCNC workcell ‘The cutting program is written on the ti ter in 180 format, using an ecit window for each of the CNC Geuees declared in the Cell Oefintions Window. The CONC eeitor accents the most widely used G ang M codes that are relevant to the machines operation, in 3 conventional tabular statement. This is then compiled after saving, as a CNC program suitable for transmission to the control processor in the device, to be run under supervisory contat from the Workcell program. Two ron-standard Dut permissible G codes, are also ‘accepted, ISO Preparatory and Miscellaneous Codes Supported for the Mill Standard G Codes 605 Rapid Positioning Point-to-Point ‘This is used when moving the cuter between the end of one cut and the slart of the next. it should never be used when the cutter is in contact with the work-piece. G01 Linear Interpolation This takes the cutter afong a straight line from the last defined postion to the postion defined by this coded line, Interpolation is confined to the XY plane, and if Z is defined the move will precede the interpolation, 602 Circular Interpolation Arc, Clockwise This takes the cutter in a cixcular arc of up to 80° ina clockwise direction from the last defined postion to the position defined by this coded line. The centre ofthe arcs defined by the | and WALI for WINDOWS. Revised 25/1/96 4 incremental parameters for the x and Y co: ordinates, respectively Circular interpolation Are, Caunter-Clockwise This takes the cutter in @ circular are of up to 90° in a counter-cockwise direction trom the ast defined postion to the oesition defined by this coded tine. The centre ofthe arc is defined by the | and J incremental parameters for the X ‘and Y co-ordinates, respectively, G04 Dwet ‘This dines a wait petiod, the value of which is set in the D or Dwell iid in seconds. G05 End Subroutine Used to mark the end of @ section of code intended tobe obeyed as a Subroutine and declared by the corresponding Subroutine Start ode, 628, When the GOS core is obeyed, the program sequence ig eturmed to the ine folowing the call tothe subroutine, G06 End Loop ‘Marks the end of a Loop Cycie sequence. 628 Subroutine Start ‘The code which is entered as the fst fine of a block intended 28 a subroutine to the main G ‘and M code program. The code is accompanied by a statement in the X fel which fe the subroutines numerical label o¢ 695. Face Miling Cycle This is a non-standardised fixed cycle for skimming the face of a Blank. X and ¥ define the area fo be skimmed and the cut proceeds in ‘the Bositve directions from the start point. Since the tool has a defined diameter, the start point for the cycle, as dafined by the previous move, ‘must accommodate the half diameter with an inscribed position at she (op left-hand corner of the area defined, 685 Call Subroutine ‘The code used to calla subroutine rom the main part ofa G and M code program. “The code is accompanied by @ statement in the X field, which is the numerical label or name of the subroutine, 2s declared withthe Subroutine Start code USE of WALL page 2770 on ors a2 ces G20 oot Imperial Sels the imperial inch as the unit for all subsequent dimension entries Metic Sets the millimetre asthe subsequent dimension entries. nit for all Loop Cycle Marks the beginning of a sequence of commands that will be repeated the number of times entered as an integer in the X column Obeyed in the incremental mode, typically allows a cuting sequence to be repeated at equal intervals along the X and Y axes, Driting Cycle This is the standardised fixed cycle for ailing holes. Driling Cycle with Dwell This adds a wat period to improve the finish at the bottom of the cut Peck Cycle with Dwell ‘An intermittent feed cycle with a walt period to impzove the finizh at the bottom of the cut. To avoid the dil flute becoming clogged, the Gilling is Interrupted ater the peneration efined in the | parameter field, defaulting to 3mm, and lited ‘clear of the hole. The start position for the driling operation is determines by the previous moves, Absolute programming Aner specifying absolute programming each ‘subsequent X.Y ang Z dimension entered is interpreted as the co-ordinate from the zero alum, The default position for the zero datum is the Home position established by the control systems use of the limit switches on each axis, which is with the cutter fully retracted from the work piece and with the table fully foward and fully tothe right. The cutter is then over, and ie cutting axis passes through, the rear left comer ff the vice. The zero datum may be altered by applying offsets, using the manual controls of their equivalents in the CNC Mill Jog dialogue box, accessed from the Options menu, of by program using the G22 code. Incremental programming Atter speciving incremental programming, each subsequent XY and Z dimension entered is interpreted as the distance from the last defined position to the one curently defined in the oded line. As 2 consequence, the dimensions ‘may be either positive or negative. WALL! for WINDOWS. Revised 25/1/96 Note: G92 Note: Both 690 and G91 are single entries on a line § Shit Zero Datum ‘This allows @ program statement in the X.Y and Z fields of an offset trom the machine datum, or home postion, to some other zero datum which wil therester be the zero reference for the X.¥.2 program co-ordinates, The home position is retumed to automaticaly, at {he start of the program execution, Non-Standard G Codes cae 39 coe cae Pause for Input ‘This allows the Millto act autonomously on logic inputs, rather than through the Workcell contro, The X and Y fields are used for logic inputs ‘Qing low and going high, respectively, the entry being the numbered input inthe range 1 0 8 Set eutput This allows the Mil to autonomously ave logic outputs, The X and Y fields are again used, 28 for inputs ss ¢ The text is centred atthe current position and may be orientated in the four 80° positions by specitying 3 number 1 te 4 in the ¥ field of the {G98 code statement, ang each orientation may ‘be mirored for reverse engraving Using the numbers § 10 8. (One of 19 fonts may be selected by number in the Y fel. The fonts are comparable to those from the normal choice in AutoSketch, ‘The maximum number of characters is specified in te Z fet, wth zero incating an united number. Default text may be specified in the Remarks field, to appear inthe dialogue box which is presented at un time if text for engraving is not Slated in the Remarks field of the G99 code If the default is algo let blank, a blank dialogue ‘box wil be presented, Engrave Text ( Used with Configure Engrave, 638 ) € ‘The dimensions of the text are given in tha X and Y fields of the G99 code statement but, if USE of WALLI page 28is not specified, the spacing and character width willbe as defined in the font. ‘The Z fled specites the depth of cu, usually set totmm, say, if 2mm ball ended engraving toot is used “The text to be engraved is stated in the Remarks field, butifthis is Je blank, a dialogue box forthe texts presented at runtime, which contains the default text, if this has been specifed by the G98 code, or it will be blank ready for a ran tine entry, Miscellaneous Functions Note: Because of the modal character of many of the preparatory functions, that is they slay in operation unt! Changed or cancelled, itis advisable fo have a G cade on all ines that have an M code, even if this is a awel, G04 with zero dwell time, to cancel the previous G code. M odes are executed before G codes Moo Program Stop This slops the program waiting for the motor current to be switched off and then on again. It is useful for ool changes and when setting the Z axis offset. While in the stopped state, the Monitor LED wil fash capialy and the continue may be selected trom Control Panel dialogue Mo2 End of Program End of program is an implied function which Is ‘obeyed automaticaly at the end of program ‘execution. However, the MO2 code may be used in program , either to truncate further execution, oF to force a stop during program development, say. M03. Spindle Slock-Wise (CW) This switches on the euler motor in the clock: wise diection, the normal direction for outing ‘The speed of the motor should be specified in the same line , otherwise @ speed oreviously specified, set manually or through the Jog GNC Milt ciatogue box replica of the manual contol panel, will be used, Suitable speeds are in the range zero 10 -4500rpm selected by number in the range 0-8 Mod Spindle Counter Clock-Wise (COW) ‘This reverses the spindle motor direction from that normally used for cutting, Mos Spindle Off ‘This stops the cutter motor. MOB. Turns the air bast on to remove swar. Moa. Turns the air blast of WALLI for WINDOWS. Revised 25/1/96 MES Clamp Work Piece This switches on the small electric motors to cose the index positioning device and jaw of the vice, in sequence, to clamp the work-piece, Mea Us mp Work-Piece This reverses the dosing sequence, to retum the jaws and index postioning device to the faly ‘pen position Graphical Presentation - Mill {A graphical execution, without cutting a work-piece, may be selected by placing the Mill or Lathe offline trom the un menu, This presents a new window as an overay, in whieh the workpiece is shown fo the size set fom the Size dialogue box, and the cut is drawn in the programmed position in relation to the top left hand comer, ivespectve of the actual size workpiece, Note that the right hand information window stacks are not Used for he graphick! execution, they ueing reserved for ‘graphics more appropriate to the programing and set- Up phase, as forthe robols and workcell ‘The simple ilustration used here is from the fst ‘example program forthe Mil, DEMO_CMt Different colours are used to show depth of cf, which is suinmiarsed in a superimposed display box when the Key option s selected from the menu bar of he graphics window. The colours and numbers will change as the execulon progresses. Since the programs writen with the editor produce G&MCcode format files, the colours are allocated in order from the list ascribed to the HP pen Carousel for HPGL files. When the program is produced from AutoCAD and imported i HPGL formal, the colours wil be as allocated for the diferent depths of cut n the ‘AutoCAD work Use of the Pen Adapter ‘The Draw selection from the Run menu has the effect of inhibting all cutter motor operations and limiting the rmovernent ofthe Z axis to 3 narrow range, with the pen just above the paper, just touching the paper ready 1o_ ram, These mocifeaiioss to the cutter operation ensure USE of WALI page 29thatthe pen is not damaged, Dut at the same time the Z parameter is interpreted as the depth of cut which is fo be shown by the drawing. A crawing block with the paper {xed to itis used in place of the workpiece Before cutting a complex shape, the path of the cuter may alsa be confirmed to be correct using the graphical simulation using Draw oftine, but more precisely by srawing with a pen in the chuck of the spindle motor. Using the pen in the development stage of a program also saves spoiling expensive materi ‘The pen supplied with the mills a disposable plotter pen (Staecler Marspiot 32HPO3K'9, as ueed for Hewlett Packard plotters 7221, 7228, 7470, 7475, 7550. and 9872, and also available from Famell Electronic ‘Components under their part numer 176-187) ‘Setting-up the Mill Push the pen fully into the adapter, ft the adapter fully into the spinale matar chuck and then remove the cover for the pen, Lay a sheet of As paper, Wimmed to size over the rawing holder block . wrap the edges underneath and secure the paper with the two plastic binding clips Provided. (Open the vice, using the contol from the dialogue box and place the drawing holder on the Mil table, Finally close the vice to clamp the drawing holéer into the Correct postion. Running the Program for Drawing After Homing, the pen will be brought down to a position just above the paper, Using the menual conto! buttons for the Z axis, move the pen fractionally down to be just in contact with the paper, Switch the Motor Power off and then on again, The program will now run with the pen at the two allernative heights, just above the paper and in contact whilst drawing. Whereas in the Graphics Simolation the diferent depths of cut are drawn in different colours, the one pen is used for all depths of cuts in the drawing. For complex machining, the interpretation of the drawing may well be aided by the ‘graphics. ‘When the program is completed, the pen wil be raised ‘well clear of the paper so that the crawing holder may be Femoved from the vice. ‘Note: Replace the cap onto the pen as soon as the Srawing is complete, fo prevent it rom drying out. Engraving Text The use of these non-standard codes is best given by example, such as tabulated below and whien is taken from the program. g_keylob.nem, and specifies the text "ed", of maximum height 9.09 mm engraved to 2 depth of tmm, ‘The width of text is net specified in the X fel, 50 the text willbe engraved with a spacing and character ‘width un-sealed from the font description, WALLI for WINDOWS. Revised 25/1/96 ve tte mm “The default text in the Remarks field of the G98 code has not been Specified, since the engraved text is specified 2, % USE of WALLI page 30