CACS 205: Web Technology PREP. KRISHNA PD. ACHARYA CHI MULTIPLE CAMPUS)Issue of Web Technology Architecture issues of web layer >Tier technology > 1- tier technology > 2 tier technology > 3-tier technology >n-tire technologyStatic | dynamic >A website, or individual web page, can be static or dynamic. A static website contains information that does not change. It remains the same, or static, for every viewer of the site. A dynamic website Contains information that changes, depending on the viewer, the time of the day, the time zone, the viewer's native language, and other factors. For example, the Facebook main page is a dynamic website that automatically changes daily. »A dynamic website can contain client-side scripting or server-side scripting to generate the changing content, or a combination of both scripting types. These sites also include HTML Bosraning for the basic structure. The client-side or server-side scripting takes care of the guts of the site With clientside HTML scripting, the page can use JavaScript or another scripting language to change the data of page as it is dynamically built. >With server-side scripting, scripts are run on the server that hosts the page. The process for how the page is built is determined by parameters defined in the server- | side scripiingTier Technology 3 Hrs. » In general, a tier is rank or series of similarly arranged objects. > In computer programming, the parts of a program(refers to the layer) can be distributed among several tiers; each located in a different computer in a network. » Tier Technology refers to.the Network application architecture. » The concept of tier provides a convenient way to group different classes of ar chitecture. > Types of Tier Technology: 1) 1--Tier Technology 2) 2--Tier Technology 3) 3--Tier Technology 4) N--Tier TechnologyTier Technology Tier Technology: Application Components Presentation | —*] Business | ~*| Data Access [|| Database Logie | La Le Figs 1- Tier Technology Presentation Layer: > User Interface, displaying data to the user, accepting input from the user > It is also known as client layer. Top most layer of an application. This is the layer we see when we use a software. By using this layer we can access the webpages. > The main functionality of this layer is to communicate with application layer. This layer passes the information which is given by the user in terms of keyboard actions, mouse clicks to the application layer. For example, login page of gmail where an end user could see text boxes and buttons to enter user id, password and to click on sign-in. > In a simple words, it is to view the application,Tier Technology > Tier Technology: Application Components Presentation | {Business | >| Data Access Logie | La Le Figs 1- Tier Technology Business Layer : > It is also known as Application Logic Layer which is also known as logical layer. As per the gmail login page example, once user clicks on the login button, Application layer interacts with Database layer and sends required information to the Presentation layer. > It controls an application's functionality by performing detailed processing. This layer acts as a mediator between the presentation and the database layer. Complete business logic will be written in this layer. > In a simple words, it is to perform operations on the application layer which include data validation, ensuring the data is correct before being added into database.Tier Technology > Tier Technology: cl Presentation Data Access Figs 1- Tier Technology Data Access: > Data access layer: this tier consists of accessing mechanism of database servers, is the actual DBMS access layer. It can be accessed through the business services layer and on occasion by the user services layer. > Here information is stored and retrieved. This tier keeps data ne Je} lent from application servers or business logic. Giving data its own tier also improves scalability and performance. > In a simple words, it is to share and retrieve the data, communicate with database element, accessing table indexes, packing and unpacking data.Tier Technology » 1-Tier Technolo: ‘Application Componeats omar" See — > All software contains codes that can be broken down into the following cat egories: - Presentation Logic: User Interface, displaying data to the user, ogic: Data validation, ensuring the data gic: Database communication, ¢ ing tal in sacking and unpacking data » One tier architecture has all the layers such as Presentation, Business, Data Access layers in a single software package. >If the 3 categories of logic are contained in a single component within a sin gle computer then the component is said to be a 1-tier Structure.Tier Technology 2-Tier Technology: —— ao The Two-+tier architecture is dividedinto twolparts: 1.Client Application (presentation + business logic) Deane Serer 2. Database (Data Tier} > Client system handles both Presentation and Application layers and Server system handles Database layer. It is also known as client server application. The communication takes place between the Client and the Server. > Client system sends the request to the Server system and the Server system processes the request Gnd sends back the data to the Client System. There are basically two types of client: Thin Client: - The clients do not have to much work as most of the functionality is hosted on the server. ~ Thin Clients were due to the fact that computing power were expensive. Fat Client: - Aname given such because some of the processing has been passed onto it. - Typical Example — if such a client were accessing a database, the client application would need to be capable of accessing the database and manipulating the data which | resides on the server,~ Tier Technology THREE-TIER ARCHITECTURE 3-Tier Technology: ao I-88 The Three-tier architecture is dividedinto three parts: 1. Presentation layer (Client Tier) 2. Application layer (Business Tier} 3, Database layer (Data Tier) » Client system handles Presentation layer, Application server handles Application layer and Serversystem handles Database layer. ~ A client, i.e. the computer, which requests the resources, equipped with a user interface (usually a web browser) for presentation purposes The application server (also called middleware), whose task it is to provide the requested resources, but by calling on another server —The data server, which provides the application server with the data it requiresr Tier Technology n-Tier Technology: N-Tier Architecture..(multittier) N-tier architecture (with N more than 3) is really 3 tier architecturesin which the middle tieris split up into new tiers The application tier is broken down into separate parts. What these parts are differs from system to system. The following picture shows it The primary advantage of N-tier architectures is that they make load balancing possible. Since the application logic is distributed between several processing can then be more evenly distributed among those servers. N-tiered architectures are clso more easily scalable, since only servers experiencing high and, such as the application server, need be upgraded. T he primary disadvantage of N-tier architectures is that it is also more difficult fo program and test an N-tier architecture due to its increased complexity.Benefits Tier Technology 3 Hrs. The main benefits of the tier architectural style are: > Maintainability. Because each tieris independent of the other tiers, updates or changes can be carried out without affecting the application as a whole. > Scalability. Because tiers are based on the deployment of layers, scaling out an applications reasonably straightforward > Flexibility. Because each tiercan be managed or scaled independently, flexibility is increased, > Availability. Applications can exploit the modular architecture of enabling systems using easily scalable componenis, which increases availability.Assignment Discuss about static and dynamic web site with example. Explain Presentation, application and data access layers of web tier technology What is tier technology? Explain n tier technology with example. Explain three tier technology in detail. Discuss the benefits or importance of tier technology.