Kam idea Self-Assessment Test Additional Questions Answers to NCERT Questions Model Question Papers (Unsolved) Q Class XII argc 2019-20cheers pegard atid ore merci faith giving appre lnwea 2k y \ / a a fee iT Aamidea @& thi As Per Latest CBSE Course Structure 2019-20 . i contentment @, uidance = needs 2 igati pi cin . Feedback Er Self-Assessment Test fo aKeD Additional Questions bhienatais langt Answers to NCERT Questions lrase Model Question Papers (Unsolved) ng Compiled by: EDITORIAL BOARD : ali: Le GE i tts | nrmatony England lish “write = iapteagh: os aie annie Glearn .1:., e na aPrinting History: Latest Edition: 2019-20 Syllabus Covered: CBSE, Delhi Price: Four Hundred Ninety Five Rupees ® 495/-) ISBN: 978-93-88893-53-4 (© Copyright Reserved by the Publisher ‘A Rights reserved. No par of is book may be reproduced, storedin a reiova sytem, oft td, many fom or by ary means, wane writen permission tom he pusher Published By: VK Global Publications Pvt. Ltd. Regd. Office: 4323/3, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002 Ph: 91-11-23250105, 23250106 Fax: 91-11-23250141 Corporate Office: 15/1, Main Mathura Road, Faridabad-121003 (NCR) Haryana Phone: 012-711719-48 lines, Fax: 0129-2250322 Email: mail@vkpublications.com www.vkpublications.com Printed At: Rave Scans Pvt. Ltd. rey ofothas been mad toavox eroreor omission inthis puscaon, nse ots, some erersmighthave cept fay misao, erro diecrepancy noted may betrouptoourreice hich shal bk iis neat tte th pie othe aro all wl be response my da Saye. olny is nary mr rom For nngtaxes mspints rer sen page Inbity inte repacamart van ora moth pea bebameby ee putchase olintnornd Sion 2800 smi eaton,Mexpenses.t hs cernecion a0Section-A: 1 2. 3. 4 Section-B: Contents PART-A Reading Comprehension . Factual Passages . Descriptive Passages Literary Passages . Note-making Passages Writing Skills 1. Advertisement OMNOARWN Section-C: PNOMRONHS . Notice Writing . Poster Designing and Drafting Invitations/Replies . Letter Writing Article Writing Debate . Speech Report Writing Literature Textbooks (Flamingo and Vistas) Flamingo: A Prose . The Last Lesson (Alphonse Daudet) . Lost Spring (Anees Jung) . Deep Water (William Douglas) The Rattrap (Selma Lagerl6f) . Indigo (Louis Fischer) Poets and Pancakes (Asokamitran) . The Interview (Christopher Silvester) . Going Places (A.R. Barton) 31 55 76 95 106 117 130 142 179 198 214 229Flamingo: B Poetry My Mother at Sixty-six (Kamala Das) An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum (Stephen Spender) Keeping Quiet (Pablo Neruda) A Thing of Beauty (John Keats) A Roadside Stand (Robert Frost) Aunt Jennifer's Tigers (Adrienne Rich) p= QaRwW Vistas . The Third Level (Jack Finney) The Tiger King (Kalki) Journey to the End of the Earth (Tishani Doshi) The Enemy (Pearl S. Buck) Should Wizard Hit Mommy? (John Updike) On the Face of It (Susan Hill) Evans Tries an O-level (Colin Dexter) Memories of Childhood (Zitkala-“Sa and Bama) ona as ZNO PART-B. @ Model Question Papers 1 to 5 (Unsolved) 347 355 366 374 382 392 400 407 416 433 442 450 467SYLLABUS ENGLISH (CORE)-XII (CODE NO. 301) (2019-20) SECTION-A READING COMPREHENSION 20 marks The section A will have two passages. A. One unseen passage with a variety of Objective Type Questions, including Multiple Choice Questions and Short Answer Questions to test comprehension, interpretation and inference. Vocabulary such as word formation and inference of meaning will also be tested. ‘The total length of the passages will be between 800-900 words. Five Multiple Choice Type Question and Seven Objective Type Questions (total 12 Marks) shall be asked from this passage. The passage will include one of the following: (a) Factual passages, e.g., instructions, descriptions, reports, (b) Descriptive passages involving opinion, e.g., argumentative, persuasive or interpretative text. (c) Literary passages, e.g., extract from fiction, drama, poetry, essay or biography. B, The second passage will be of 400-500 words. Note-making and Abstraction will be assessed. () Note making (4 Marks) (i) Summary (4 Marks) SECTION-B WRITING SKILLS 30 marks A. Advertisements and notices, designing or drafting posters, writing formal and informal invitations and replies. One question out of the two Short Answer Questions. (4 Marks) B, Letters based on verbal/visual input. One question out of the two Long Answer Questions to be answered in 120-150 words. (6 Marks) Letter types include Business or official letters (for making enquiries, registering complaints, asking for and giving information, placing orders and sending replies) ‘Letters to the editor (giving suggestions or opinion on issues of public interest) Application for a job C. Two compositions based on visual and /or verbal Input may be descriptive or argumentative in nature such as an article/a debate/a speech or a report—Two Very Long Answer Questions containing internal choice, to be answered in 150-200 words. (10*2 = 20 Marks)SECTION-C LITERATURE TEXTBOOKS 30 marks 1. Eight Objective Type Questions—4 from one poetry and 4 from one prose extract to test comprehension and appreciation. (81 = 8 Marks) Il. Five out of Seven Short Answer Questions based on prose/drama/poetry from both texts. (5x2 = 10 Marks) IIL. One out of two Long Answer Questions to be answered in 120-150 words to test global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the texts. (6 marks) (Flamingo) IV. One out of two Long Answer Questions to be answered in 120-150 words to test global comprehension along with analysis and extrapolation. (6 marks) (Vistas) Prescribed Books 1, Flamingo: English Reader published by National Council of Education Research and ‘Training, New Delhi 2. Vistas: Supplementary Reader published by National Council of Education Research and Training, New Delhi Flamingo Prose Poetry 1. The Last Lesson 1. My Mother at Sixty Six 2. Lost Spring 2. An Elementary School Classroom in a Shum 3. Deep Water 3. Keeping Quiet 4, The Rattrap 4. \ Thing of Beauty 5. Indigo 5.A Roadside S 6. Poets and Pancakes 6, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers 7. The Interview 8. Going Places Vistas 1, The Third Level 2. The Tiger King 3. Journey to the End of the Earth 4. The Enemy 5. Should Wizard Hit Mommy 6. On the Face of It 7. Evans Tries an O-Level 8. Memories of Childhood 9. The Cutting of My L 10. We too are Human BeiQUESTION PAPER DESIGN (2019-2020) ENGLISH (CORE)—XII CLASS-XIl ‘Time: 8 Hours Max. Marks: 80420 = 100 ‘Typology ‘Testing Objective | Short Short Long | Very Long | Total Gompetencies Type. Answer_=—= Answer Answer = Answer Marks Questions Questions Questions Questions _ Questions including 120-150 150-200 words MEQs ‘words iors) (lmark — @ marks (4marks — (G marks (10 marks ‘each) each) ‘each) each) each) Comprehension Conceptual understanding, decoding, ‘Analyzing, inferring, MCQ=5 Objective “Type = 2 = = 20 conventions Questions and vocabulary, | = 7 Summarizing and using appropriate formas Writing Skills Reasoning appropriacy of syle and = = 1 1 2 30 fluency, inference, analysis, evaluation and Literature Recall 8 Objective ‘Textbooks and reasoning, 1% Supplementary appreciating —g NP. Reading Text literary convention, from 1 5 = 2 = 30 inference, prose and 4 from with fluency Total 2x5=10 4x3=12 6x3=18 10x2=20 80 Assessment of Listening and Speaking - — — — - eo Skills Grand Total 100Tips to Score Well in English STE 1, Fix an aim and work towards attaining it. . Spend about 30 minutes reading everyday. This will help in learning new words and their usage, which will ultimately help in improving your writing skills. 3. Do not hesitate to ask questions to your teachers. It helps. 4. Make sure to practice the reading and comprehension skills on a regular basis. Whenever 10. iL. you read articles in Newspapers, try to remember the main theme and the supporting details in the passage. . Practice minimum two writing skills every week and get it evaluated by your teacher. Rewrite and improve upon as per the teacher's suggestions. . Exceed the word limit given for the writing section whenever you practice. This way you would not be at a lack of ideas anytime. Do remember to organise them before you start writing. Start writing on issues that interest you and then move to common issues. This will help in focusing attention on writing first. . Have a thorough idea about the pattern of question paper, specifications and marking scheme to score better in the exams. . Participate in the class discussions in the class. Support your opinions with quotes from the lesson. |. Try to relate the lessons in your text books with current events (if possible). Don't miss the valuable study material, question papers given to be solved by the teacher. Solve them meticulously, get them evaluated and incorporate the suggestions. ‘Take notes while studying so that they will help you to revise the lessons. = Remember that there is no short cut to success. WORK HARD and success will be yours.PART—A + Section-A : Reading Comprehension : 20 Marks + = Section-B : Writing Skills : 30 Marks + Section-C_ : Literature Textbooks : 30 MarksSECTION=A READING COMPREHENSION (20 Marks) 1. FACTUAL PASSAGES 2. DESCRIPTIVE PASSAGES 3. LITERARY PASSAGES: 4, NOTE-MAKING PASSAGES 31 55 16READING COMPREHENSION ‘The unseen passage comprising 800-900 words is designed to test the reading skills of a student. A student is supposed to read the passage thoroughly and accurately so as to comprehend it fully. He/ She must be in a position to draw correct inferences and conclusions from a given set of questions based on different phases such as: (Content-based questions pertaining to the theme and subject-matter. (i) Questions on words, expressions, meaning and their proper usage. ‘Comprehension means understanding or perception. The following points are to be carefully noted while attempting questions on comprehension. STRATEGIES FOR ATTEMPTING READING COMPREHENSION Read the passage thoroughly. 1 Mark main ideas and supporting details for the whole passage. 1 Mark important vocabulary and try to guess meaning from the context. 1 Quickly skim through the questions. You would have already got most of the answers. 1 ‘Now read the passage given to counter check your answers and to find answers for the remaining questions. 1 While writing the answer, be brief and to the point. 1 Rephrase your answers. Do not copy sentences from the text. 1 ‘Answer the questions in the corresponding tense of the question.FACTUAL PASSAGES Solved Passages I. Read the following passage carefully. (12 marks) From the moment a baby first opens its eyes, it is learning. Sight and sensation spark off a learning process which will determine in large measure, the sort of person it will become. Language stands head and shoulders over all other tools as an instrument of learning. Itis the language that gives man his lead in intelligence over all the other creatures. No other creature can assemble a list of ideas, consider them, draw conclusions and then explain his reasoning. Man can do all this because he possesses language. And if thought depends on language, the quality of an individual's thought will depend on that person’s language—rudimentary or sophisticated, precise or approximate, stereotyped or original. Very young babies are soothed by human voice uttering comforting words close to them. This essentially-emotional response provides early evidence that feeling is an important component of language learning. Children learn to use language in interaction with other human beings and this learning proceeds best against a background of affectionate feedback from the person who is closest to them. This is seen to perfection in the interaction between parent and a baby: eyes locked together, the adult almost physically drawing ‘verbal’ response from the baby, both engulfed by that unique experience of intimate and joyful ‘connecting’, which sets the pattern of the relationship between two people. Thus, long before they can speak, children are involved in a two-way process of communication, which is steadily building a foundation on which their later use of language will be based. Constantly surrounded by language, they are unconsciously building structures in their minds into which their speech and reading will later fit grammatical constructions, tense sequences and so on. The forms of these structures will depend on the amount and complexity of speech they hear. Fortunate are those children who listen to articulate adults, expressing ideas and defending opinions. They will know, long before they can contribute themselves and understand, that relationships are forged through this process of speaking and listening; that warmth and humour have a place in the process, as have all other human emotions. Using books is the most important means of ensuring a child’s adequate language development. None of us can endlessly initiate and maintain speech with very small Reading Comprehension 9children; we run out of ideas or just get plain sick of it. Their lives are confined to ited circle and they do not have enough experience to provide raw material for constant verbal interaction. ali 5. Parents and children who share books share the same frame of reference. Incidents in everyday life constantly remind one or the other of a situation, a character, an action, from a jointly enjoyed book, with all the generation of warmth and well- being that is attendant upon such sharing. All too often, there is a breakdown of communication between parents and children when the problems of adolescence arise. In most cases, this is most acute when the give-and-take of shared opinions and ideas have not been constantly practised throughout childhood. Books can play a major role in the establishment of this verbal give-and-take because they are rooted in language. 6. Young children’s understanding greatly outruns their capacity for expression as their speech strains to encompass their awareness, to represent reality as they see it. Shades of meaning which may be quite unavailable to the child of limited verbal experience are startlingly talked to toddler. All the wonderful modifying words—later, nearly, tomorrow, almost, wait, half, lend, etc. begin to steer the child away from the simple extremes of “Yes” and “No” towards the adult word of compromise from the child’s black and white world to the subile shades and tints of the real world. The range of imaginative experience opened up by books expands the inevitably limited horizons of children’s surroundings and allows them to make joyful, intrigued, awestruck acquaintance with countless people, animals, objects and ideas in their first years of life. 7. Books also open children to new points of view, besides their own as they unconsciously put themselves into other people’s places—'if that could happen to him, it could happen to me’. This imaginative self-awareness brings apprehensions and fears as well as heightened hopes and joys. 8. Inbooks, children can experience language whichis subtle, resourceful, exhilarating and harmonious; languages which provide the human car (and understanding) with a pointed and precise pleasure, the searing illuminating impact of good and true words. A. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1x5=5 marks) (What is an important component of language learning? (a) Feeling (b) Linguistics (©) Emotions (d) Environment Gi) What are the things that enable a baby to learn about the world around (a) See and hear (b) Sense and analyse (c) Understand and use language (d) See, hear and sense Gii) What is the most important means of ensuring a child’s adequate language development? (a) Using books (b) Two-way process of communication (©) Utering comforting words (d) Drawing verbal response (iv) Why do books help in the establishment of verbal give-and-take? (a) Because they help in interaction with others 10 Xam idea English (Core)-XII(b) Because they are rooted in language (©) Because they are beautiful to look at (d) Because they have varied topics (v)_ How do books help children see things from other's point of view? (a) Books help in imaginative self-awareness (b) Books have beautiful cover (©) Books generate a lot of discussion (d) Books create awareness about various topics B. Answer the following questions briefly. (1x7=7 marks) @ i) (iv) ) (vi) (vii) How does the range of language affect a person's thinking? What advantages do children, who listen to articulate adults, enjoy in comparison to others? Why, according to the writer, is ‘talking alone’ an inadequate base for language development? What is the role of books in maintaining a good relationship? Explain. Pick out two advantages of books mentioned in the passage. \d a word from the passage (para-3) which means ‘pronounce distinctly’. \d a word from the passage (para-6) which means ‘give-and-take’. IL. Read the following passage carefully. (12 marks) Maharana Pratap ruled over Mewar only for 25 years. However, he accomplished so much grandeur during his reign that his glory surpassed the boundaries of countries and time turning him into an immortal personality. He, along with his kingdom, became a synonym for valour, sacrifice and patriotism. Mewar had been a leading Rajput kingdom even before Maharana Pratap occupied the throne. Kings of Mewar, with the cooperation of their nobles and subjects, had established such traditions in the kingdom, as augmented their magnificence, despite the hurdles of having a smaller area under their command and less population. There did come a few thorny occasions when the flag of the kingdom seemed sliding down. Their flag once again heaved high in the sky, thanks to the gallantry and brilliance of the people of Mewar. The destiny of Mewar was good in the sense that barring a few kings, most of the rulers were competent and patriotic. This glorious tradition of the kingdom almost continued for 1,500 years since its establishment, right from the reign of Bappa Rawal. In fact, only 60 years before Maharana Pratap, Rana Sanga drove the kingdom to the pinnacle of fame. His reputation went beyond Rajasthan and reached Delhi. Two generations before him, Rana Kumbha had given a new stature to the kingdom through victories and developmental work. During his reign, literature and art also progressed extraordinarily. Rana himself was inclined towards writing and his works are read with reverence, even today. The ambience of his kingdom was conducive to the creation of high quality work of art and literature. These accomplishments were the outcome of a longstanding tradition, sustained by several generations. The life of the people of Mewar must have been peaceful and prosperous during the long span of time; otherwise such extraordinary accomplishment in these fields Reading Comprehension 1]would not have been possible. This is reflected in their art and literature as well as their loving nature. They compensate for lack of admirable physique by their firm but pleasant nature. The ambience of Mewar remains lovely, thanks to the cheerful and liberal character of its people. 4. One may observe astonishing pieces of workmanship, not only in the forts and palaces of Mewar but also in public utility buildings. Ruins of many structures which are still standing tall in their grandeur are testimony to the fact that Mewar was not only the land of the brave but also a seat of art and culture. Amidst aggression and bloodshed, literature and art flourished and creative pursuits of literature and artists did not suffer. Imagine, how glorious the period must have been when the Vijaya Stambha, which is the sample of our great ancient architecture even today, was constructed. In the same fort, Kirti Stambha is standing high, reflecting how liberal the then administration was, which allowed people from other communities and kingdoms to come and carry out construction work. It is useless to indulge in the debate, whether the Vijaya Stambha was constructed first or the Kirti Stambha. The fact is that both the capitals are standing side-by-side and reveal the proximity between the king and the subjects of Mewar. The cycle of time does not remain the same. Whereas, the reign of Rana Sanga was crucial in raising the kingdom to the acme of glory; it also proved to be his nemesis. History took a turn. The fortune of Mewar, the land of the brave, started waning. Rana tried to save the day with his acumen which was running against the stream and the glorious traditions for sometime. [CBSE Sample Paper 2016] A. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1x5=5 marks) (i) How did Maharana Pratap turn into an immortal personality? (a) He ruled Mewar for 25 years (b) He added a lot of grandeur to Mewar (c) Of his valour, sacrifice and patriotism, (d) Both (b) and (c) Gi) What were the difficulties in the way of Mewar? (a) Lack of cooperation of the nobility (b) Ancient traditions of the kingdom (©) Its small area and small population (d) The poverty of the subjects Gi) What was the thorny occasion? (a) When the flag of Mewar seemed to be lowered (b) When the flag of Mewar was hoisted high () When the people of Mewar showed gallantry (d) Both (a) and (c) (iv) Why was Mewar lucky? (a) Because all of its rulers were competent (b) Because most of its people were competent (c) Because most of its rulers were incompetent (d) Because only a few of its people were competent 12 Xam idea English (Core)-XII) Which is the sample of our great ancient architecture even today? (a) Palace of Mewar (b) Port of Mewar (©) Vijaya Stambha (d) Kirti Stambha B. Answer the following questions briefly. (1x7=7 marks) @ ii) Gili) (iv) w) (vi) (vii) Who was the earliest King of Mewar? What was Rana Kumbha’s contribution to the glory of Mewar? What does the writer find worth admiration in the people of Mewar? How did art and literature flourish in Mewar? How did the rulers show that they cared for their subjects? ind a word from the passage (para-5) which means ‘the most perfect thing that can exist or be achieved" ind a word from the passage (para-5) which means ‘becoming weaker in strength’. III. Read the following passage carefully. (12 marks) South India is known for its music and for its arts and rich literature. Madras or Chennai can be called the cultural capital and the soul of Mother India. The city is built low in pleasant contrast to the ghoulish tall structures of Mumbai and Kolkata. It has vast open spaces and ample greenery. The majestic spacious Mount Road looks like a river, wide and deep. A stroll on the Marina beach in the evening with the sea glistening in your face is refreshing. The breeze soothes the body, it refreshes the mind, sharpens the tongue and brightens the intellect. One can never feel dull in Chennai. The intellectual and cultural life of the « is something of a marvel. Every street corner of Chennai has a literary forum, a debating society and music, dance and dramatic club. The intelligent arguments, the sparkling wit and dashing irony enliven both the political and the literary meetings. There is a young men’s association which attracts brilliant speakers and equally brilliant listeners to its meetings. It is a teat to watch the speakers use their oratorical weapons. Chennai speakers are by and large sweet and urbane, though the cantankerous, fire-eating variety is quite often witnessed in political campaigning. The urbane speakers weave their arguments slowly like the unfolding ofa leisurely Carnatic raga Music concerts and dance performances draw packed houses. There is hardly any cultural family in Chennai that does not learn and patronise music and dance in its pristine purity. Rukmani Devi Arundale’s ‘Kalakshetra’ isa renowned international centre. It has turned out hundreds of celebrated maestros and dancers who have brought name and glory to our country. Carnatic music has a peculiar charm of its own. It has the moon's soft beauty and moon’s soft pace. Thousands of people flock to the temple ‘maidans’ to get drunk with the mellifluous melodies of their favourite singers. They sit out all night in the grueling heat, swaying to the rhythm of ‘nadaswaram’ and rollicking with the measured beats of ‘mridangam’. M.S. Subbulakshmi is considered to be the nightingale of the South. The Gods might descend from heaven to see a South Indian damsel dancing. There are several varieties of South Indian dance ~ Bharatnatyam, Mohiniyattam, Kuchipudi, Kathakali, etc. Age cannot wither nor custom stale its beautiful variety. Bharatnatyam is the most graceful and enchanting dance form, whereas Kathakali Reading Comprehension 13is most masculine and virile. South Indian dances combine voluptuousness with purity. Here, every muscle and fibre of the body vibrates into life, and as the tempo increases, a divine flame-like passion bodies forth as if making an assault on heaven. South Indian dress, particularly of the males, is puritanically simple. There you cannot distinguish a judge from an ‘ardali’ by their dress. South Indian ladies too look charming and graceful in their colourful Kanjeevaram and Mysore silk sarces. South Indian cuisine, especially “dosa’ can enjoy them almost everywhere in India as well as in some foreign countries. The Madras ‘idli’, which was a favourite of Gandhi is served with ‘sambhar’ and and ‘vada’ are so delicious that now we ‘coconut chutney’. [CBSE Sample Paper 2015, (AI) 2015] ‘A. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1x5=5 marks) (i For what is South India mainly known? (a) For tasty food (b) For its traditional music, art, literature (©) For scenic beauty (d) For its delicate and precise ways (ii) ii) (ivy (vy) Why is it a treat to watch the speakers? (a) Because they use oratorical weapons. (b) Because they are witnessed in campaigning (©) Because they weave their arguments fastly (d) Because they argue and complain a lot. What is M.S. Subbulakshmi considered to be? (a) Graceful and enchanting (b) Masculine and virile (©) Nightingale of the South (4) Moon’s soft beauty Which is the South Indian dance form? (a) Bharatnatyam (b) Kuchipudi (c) Kathakali (d) All of these Why are South Indian dances special? (a) Because Gods come from heaven to see them (b) Because there aren't many varieties of dance (©) Because they are pure as well as sensuous (d) Because they make an assault on heaven B. Answer the following questions briefly. (1X7=7 marks) @ i) ii) co) co) (vi) (vii) 14 Xam ide How does the breeze on Marina Beach affect the author? How do we know that music is very important for the people of South India? What is the common connection between language, music and dance of South India? What makes Carnatic music charming? What is Kalakshetra renowned for? \d a word from the passage (para-2) which means ‘confident, comfortable and polite in social situations’ Find a word from the passage (para-3) which means ‘having a pleasant and flowing sound’, English (Core)-XilIV. Read the following passage carefully. (12 marks) 10, Smoking is the major cause of mortality with bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung and is one of the factors causing death due to malignancies of larynx, oral cavity, oesophagus, bladder, kidney, pancreas, stomach and uterine cervix and coronary heart diseases. Nicotine is the major substance present in the smoke that causes physical dependence. The additives do produce damage to the body. For example, ammonia can result in a 100-fold increase in the ability of nicotine to enter into the smoke. Levulinic acid, added to cigarettes to mask the harsh taste of the nicotine, can ncrease the binding of nicotine to brain receptors, which increases the ‘kick’ of nicotine, Smoke from the burning end of a cigarette contains over 4,000 chemicals and 40 carcinogens. It has long been known that tobacco smoke is carcinogenic or cancer- causing. The lungs of smokers collect an annual deposit of 1-1/4 pounds of the goocy black material. Invisible gas phase of cigarette smoke contains nitrogen, oxygen and toxic gases like carbon-monoxide, formaldehyde, acrolein, hydrogen-cyanide and nitrogen-oxides. These gases are poisonous and in many cases, interfere with the body’s ability to transport oxygen. Like many carcinogenic compounds, they can act as tumour promoters or tumour initiators by acting directly on the genetic makeup of cells of the body leading to the development of cancer. While smoking, within the first 8-10 seconds, nicotine is absorbed through the lungs and quickly ‘moved’ into the bloodstream and circulated throughout the brain, Nicotine can also enter the bloodstream through the mucous membranes that line the mouth (if tobacco is chewed) or nose (if snutfis used) and even through the skin. Our brain is made of billions of nerve cells and they communicate with each other by chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. Nicotine is one of the most powerful nerve poisons and binds stereo—selectively to nicotinic receptors which is located in the brain, autonomic ganglia, the medulla, neuro —muscular junctions. It is located throughout the brain and plays a critical role in cognitive processes and memory. The nicotine molecule is shaped like a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which is involved in many functions including muscle movement, breathing, heart-rate, learning and memory. Nicotine, because of the similar structure with acetylcholine, when it gets into the brain, attaches itself to acetylcholine sites and produces toxic effect. In high concentrations, nicotine is more deadly. In fact, one drop of purified nicotine on the tongue can killa person. It has been used asa pesticide for centuries Recent research studies suggest that acute nicotine administration would result in increased dopamine release from the brain, producing perceptions of pleasure and happiness, increased energy and motivation, increased alertness, increased feeling of vigour during the early phase of smoking, However, notwithstanding these superficial effects, research shows that the relationship between smoking and memory loss is strongest in people who smoke more than 20 cigarettes each day and this is not specific to the socio-economic status, gender and a range of associated medical conditions. Smoking may speed Reading Comprehension 15up age-related memory loss and the details are not yet clear. Some studies suggest that repeated exposure to high nicotinic smoke related to the ‘Brain-wiring’ is nothing but neuro-biochemistry that deals with complex interaction among genetic experience and biochemistry of brain cells. 13, ‘NO’ isa unique molecule which plays an important role in a number of beneficial and some of the harmful brain and body mechanisms, for example, synapse formation, drug tolerance and local regulation of cerebral blood flow, Parkinson’s disease, etc. It is also found that people who smoke more cigarettes a day have poorer memories in middle age than non-smokers. 14, Some experts say that smoking is linked to memory problems because it contributes to narrowed arteries that restrict blood-flow to the brain. One of the causes of memory decline in relation to the brain function could be the nerve cell death or decreased density of interconnected neuronal network due to loss of dendrites, the tiny filaments which connect one nerve cell to another. Abstinence from smoking is essential, not only to avoid this systemic effects but also to reduce the ill-effects on the environment. [CBSE Sample Paper 2017 ‘A. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1X5=5 marks) (i) What does the presence of nicotine in the smoke cause? (a) Physical dependence (b) Heart disease (©) Kidney stone (4) Tumour (ii) What does the gas of cigratte smoke contain? (a) Nitrogen (b) Oxygen (©) Carbon-monoxide (d) All of these )) What does the poisonous gas of a cigarette do to our body? (a) Act as tumour promoters (b) Interfere with body's ability to transport oxygen () Malignancies of larynx (d) None of these (iv) What would result in the acute nicotine administration? (a) Increased dopanine release from the brain (b) Producing perceptions of pleasures and happiness (©) Increased energy and motivated (d) All of these (v) What has been used as a pesticide for centuries? (a) Nicotine (b) Nitrogen (©) Acrolein (d) Formaldehyde B. Answer the following questions briefly. (1x7=7 marks) (i) How is smoking the major cause of mortality? (ii), What makes the people addicted to cigarette? Gi), What are neurotransmitters? (iv) How does nicotine produce toxic effects? (v) According to the experts, how is smoking linked to memory? (vi) Find a word from the passage (para-1) which means ‘a number of deaths’. (vii) Find a word from the passage (para-4) which means ‘the act of not doing something’. 16 Xam idea English (Core)-XlRead the following passage carefully. (12 marks) Early automobiles were sometimes only ‘horseless carriages’ powered by gasoline or steam engines. Some of them were so noisy that cities often made laws forbidding their use because they frightened horses. Many countries helped to develop the automobile. The internal combustion engine, invented in Austria and France was an early leader in automobile manufacturing But it was in the United States after 1900 that the automobile was improved most rapidly. As a large and growing country, the United States needed cars and trucks to provide transportation in places not served by trains. ‘Two brilliant ideas made possible the mass production of automobiles. An American inventor named Eli Whitney thought of one of them, which is known as ‘standardisation of parts’. In an effort to speed up production in his gun factory, Whitney decided that each part of a gun could be made by machines, so that it would be exactly like all the others of its kind. Another American, Henry Ford developed the idea of the assembly line. Before Ford introduced the assembly line, each car was built by hand. Such a process was, of course, very slow. Asa result, automobiles were so expensive that only rich people could afford them. Ford proposed a system in which each worker would have only a portion of the wheels. Another would place the wheels on the car. And still another would insert the bolts that held the wheels to the car. Each worker needed to learn only one or two routine tasks. But the really important part of Ford’s idea was to bring the work to the worker. ‘An automobile frame which looks like a steel skeleton was put on a moving platform. As the frame moved past the workers, each worker could attach a single part. When the car reached the end of the line, it was completely assembled. Oil, gasoline and water were added and the car was ready to be driven away. With the increased production made possible by the assembly line, automobiles became much economical and, more and more people were able to afford them. Today, it can be said that wheels run America. The four rubber tyres of the automobile move America through work and play. Even though the majority of Americans would find it hard to imagine what life could be without a car, some have begun to realise that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing steadily and large cities are plagued by traffic congestion. Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal combustion engine. Every car engine burns hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon-monoxide and other gases into the ai These gases are one source of the smog that hangs over large cities. Some of these gases are poisonous and dangerous to health, especially for someone with a weak heart or a respiratory disease. ‘One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that does not pollute. That's what several major automobile manufacturers are trying to do. But building aclean car is easier said than done. So far, progress has been slow. Another solution is to eliminate car fumes altogether by getting rid of the internal combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars, as well as on cars powered by steam and electricity. But most of us won't be driving cars run on batteries or boiling water for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years to develop practical models that are powered by electricity or steam. Reading Comprehension 179. To rid the world of pollution—pollution is caused not just by cars, but by all of modern industrial life—many people believe that we must make some fundamental changes in the way many of us live. Americans may, for example, have to cut down ‘on the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public mass transit systems. Certainly, the extensive use of new transit systems could cut down on traffic congestion and air pollution. But these changes, sometimes clash head-on with other urgent problems. For example, ifa factory closes down because it cannot meet government pollution standards, a large number of workers suddenly find themselves without jobs. Questioning the quality of the air they breathe becomes less important than worrying about the next pay cheque. Drastic action must be taken, if we are to reduce trafic accidents, traflic congestion and air pollution, While wheels have brought better and more convenient transportation, they have also brought new and unforeseen problems. Progress, it turns out, has more than one face (CBSE Delhi, (AI) 2016] A. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1x5=5 marks) (i) What did United States need for transportation in places that were not served by trains? (a) They needed trains (b) They needed fuel (©) They needed cars and trucks (4) All of these Gi) What did Henry Ford develop? (a) The idea of the assembly line (b) Horseless carriages (c) Automobile frame (d) Wheels for the car ii) What was the impact of the increased production made by the assembly line? (a) Automobiles became much economical (b) More people were able to afford them (©) Traffic accidents increased (d) Both (a) and (c) (iv) What is the one solution to the problem of air pollution? (a) To burn hundreds of gallons of fuel each year (b) To build a car that does not pollute (©) To increase the production of cars (d) To provide transportation in all the places (v) What have brought better and more convenient transportation? (a) Engines (b) Public mass transport systems (©) Wheels (d) None of these B. Answer the following questions briefly. (1x7=7 marks) (i) How does standardisation of parts help to make mass production possible? (ii) How does the assembly line help to make mass production possible? Gii) Why do some Americans call the automobile a mixed blessing? Write any wo points. (iv) What suggestions are offered in the passage for getting rid of pollution? 18 Xam idea English (Core)-XII(v) What do many auto makers believe? (vi) Find a word from the passage (para-2) which means “fastly or suddenly’. (vii) Find a word from the passage (para-8) which means ‘to remove or take away’. swe key A LA. (i) @) Gi) ©) Gi) @ Gy) w) @ B. Gi) The range of language helps assemble a list of ideas, consider these ideas, draw conclusions based on these ideas and explain his/her reasoning. (ii) They learn how to use language for interaction with other human beings; language becomes a unique experience of joy. It also helps build relationship with other people. (iii) Talking alone is inadequate because a child is not always exposed toa complexity of speech, if the adult is not articulate. (iv) Parents and children who share books share situations, share characters and share action. This fosters a good relationship that will grow into adolescence. (¥) Children are exposed to a range of vocabulary; imaginative experience expanded; sce things from other’s points of view; creates self-awareness. (vi) articulate (vii) compromise TL A. (i) @) Gi) ©) Gi) @) Gv) (6) (~)O, 1. (i) The earliest king of Mewar mentioned in the passage is Bappa Rawal. (ii) Rana Kumbha gave new stature through victories and development work. The literature and art progressed. His writing is revered even today. (iii) According to the writer, the people of Mewar are of a pleasant nature and liberal character. They are cheerful, gallant and brilliant, (iv) As there was peace and prosperity in Mewar over a long period of time, so the rulers had a liberal attitude. They were also more inclined towards art and literature. (¥) The rulers cared a lot for their subjects. The nobles cooperated with the subjects. They built public utility buildings. People lived peacefully and had prosperous lives. They built the Vijaya Stambha and Kirti Stambha. (vi) acme (vii) waning LL A. () &)Gi)@) Gi) © Hy) AO B. (i) The breeze soothes the body, refreshes the mind, sharpens the tongue and ightens the intellect. (ii) Music concerts draw packed houses. Thousands of people flock to the temple ‘maidans’ and sit through the gruelling heat of the night to enjoy the music of their favourite singers. (iii) The common connection between language, music and dance of South India is their pure, divine and enchanting nature. Reading Comprehension 19ic of Karnataka i (iv) Mi (v) Kalakshetra is an international centre which has produced hundreds of celebrated maestros and dancers. (vi) urbane (vii) mellifluous TV. A. (i) (@) Gi) (A) Git) (6) (iv) (4) (¥) (@) B. (i) Smoking is the major cause of mortality as it causes lung cancer, tumours in larynx, mouth, kidney, pancreas, stomach and uterine cervix. It also leads to the blockage of arteries causing heart diseases. i) Nicotine in a cigarette makes the people addicted to it and also causes physical dependence. (ii) Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers. They help millions of nerve cells to communicate with each other. charming because of its soft beauty and pace. (iv) Nicotine produces toxic effects. It gets into the brain and attaches itself to acetylcholine sites. Their union causes toxic effects. (v) Experts say that smoking is linked to memory as it narrows arteries. It restricts the free flow of blood to the brain. It causes death of nerve cell or decline of brain memory. (vi) mortality (vii) abstinence A (i) (©) Gil) (a) Git) (A) (iv) (b) (v) (a), B. (i) Standardisation of parts leads to the mass production. Each part of a gun could be made by machines, so that it would be exactly like all the others of its kind. (ii) Ford introduced the assembly line in which each worker has to make only a portion. One would make a part of the wheel, another would place it on the car and the third would insert the bolts. This brought a revolution in mass production which was very slow before the assembly line. (iii) The Americans call the automobile a mixed blessing. The automobile have led to cause a large number of traffic accidents and also a lot of traffic congestion. The second problem is the problem of pollution of air caused by toxic gases like carbon monoxide. (iv) There are wo suggestions given in the passage, first that the Americans will have to cut down the number of privately owned cars and depend on mass transit systems. The second suggestion is the use of non-conventional fuel like steam or electricity in place of petrol. (v) Many auto makers believe that it will take years to develop practical models that are powered by clectricity or steam. (vi) rapidly (vii) eliminate 20 Xam idea English (Core)-xI1Unsolved Passages I. Read the following passage carefully. (12 marks) Swachh Bharat Mission is a massive mass movement that seeks to create a clean India by 2019. The father of our nation, Mahatma Gandhi, always puts emphasis on cleanliness as cleanliness leads to a healthy and prosperous life. Keeping this in mind, the Indian government launched the Swachh Bharat Mission on October 2, 2014. The mission will cover all rural and urban areas. The urban component of the mission was implemented by the Ministry of Urban Development, and the rural component by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, The mission aims to cover 1.04 crore houscholds, provides 2.5 lakh community toilets, 2.6 lakh public toilets, and a solid waste management facility in each town. Under the programme, community toilets will be built in residential areas where it is difficult to construct individual household toilets. Public toilets will also be constructed in designated locations, such as tourist places, markets, bus stations, railway stations, etc. The programme will be implemented over a five-year period in 4,401 towns. Of the & 62,009 crore likely to be spent on the programme, the Centre will pitch in & 14,623 crore. Of the Centre's share of & 14,623 crore, & 7,366 crore will be spent on solid waste management, % 4,165 crore on individual household toilets, % 1,828 crore on public awareness and & 655 crore on community toilets. The programme includes elimination of open defecation, conversion of unsanitary toilets to pour flush toilets, eradication of manual scavenging, municipal solid waste management and bringing about a behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation practices. The Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan has been restructured into the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin). The mission aims to make India an open defecation-free country in five years. Under the mission, a huge amount will be spent for the construction of about 11 crore 11 lakh toilets in the country. Technology will be used on a lange scale to convert waste into wealth in rural India, in the form of bio-fertilizer and ferent forms of energy. The mission is to be executed on a war footing with the involvement of every gram panchayat, panchayat samiti and Zila Parishad in the country, besides roping in large sections of rural population and school teachers and students in this endeavour. As partof the mission, for rural houscholds, the provision for unit cost of individual houschold toilet has been increased from & 10,000 to & 12,000 so as to provide for water availability, including for storing, hand-washing and cleaning of toilets. Central share for such toilets will be % 9,000, while state share will be & 3,000. For North-Eastern states, Jammu & Kashmir and special category states, the Central share will be & 10,800 and the state share will be & 1,200. Additional contributions from other sources will be permitted. A ‘Swachh Bharat Run’ was organised at the Rashtrapati Bhavan on October 2, 2014. According to a statement from the Rashtrapati Bhavan, around 1,500 people participated and the event was flagged off by President Pranab Mukherjee. Participants in the run included officers and staff of the Secretariat, the President’s Bodyguard, Army Guard and Delhi Police as well as their families. Reading Comprehension 2]NIT Rourkela Ph.D students have made a short film on Swachh Bharat which conveyed the message that Swachh Bharat is nota one day event. It should be part of our life, only then we can achieve our goal of Swachh Bharat (Clean Ini 7. The Swachh Bharat Kosh (SBK) has been set up to facilitate and channelise idual philanthropic contributions and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds to achieve the objective of Clean India (Swachh Bharat) by the year 2019. The Kosh will be used to achieve the objective of improving cleanliness levels in the rural and urban areas, including the schools. The allocation from the Kosh will be used to supplement and complement departmental resources for such activities. To incentivise contributions from individuals and corporate, modalities are being considered to provide tax rebates, wherever possible. A. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1x5=5 marks) (i) When was the Swachh Bharat Mission implemented? (a) October 2 (b) October 30 (c) November 14 (d) December 2 Gi) By which year does the mission seek to create Clean India? (a) 2015, (b) 2017 (©) 2019 (d) 2016 (ii) By whom was the rural component of the mission implemented? (a) Ministry of Urban Development (b) Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (©) Ministry of Rural Development (d) Ministry of Cleanliness and Sanitation (iv) Where was the ‘Swachh Bharat Run’ organised? (a) Rashtrapati Bhavan (b) India Gate (©) Jammu and Kashmir (d) Rural India (v) What has been restructured into the Swachh Bharat Mission? (a) Nirmal Abhiyan (b) Nirmal Mission (©) Nirmal Bharat Mission (d) Bharat Bachao Mission B. Answer the following questions briefly. (1x7=7 marks) (i) When was Swachh Bharat Abhiyan launched? What idea led to its launch? Gi)’ What are the aims of Swachh Bharat mission? Gi), What is the aim of Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan? (iv) Why was the ‘Swachh Bharat Run’ organised? Who participated in the event? (¥) What is the purpose of Swachh Bharat Kosh? (vi) Find a word from the passage (para-3) which means ‘to get rid of something completely’. \d a word. from the passage (para-7) which means ‘helping poor people by giving them money’ (vii) 22 Xam idea English (Core)-XIlmL. Read the following passage carefully. (12 marks) 1 5, 6. The Ig Nobel Prizes are a parody of the Nobel Prizes. They are given each year in early October for ten unusual or trivial achievements in scientific research. The stated aim of the prizes is to “honour achievements that first make people laugh, and then make them think.” The awards are sometimes veiled criticism (or gentle satire), butare also used to point out that even the mostabsurd-sounding avenues of research can yield useful knowledge. Organised by the scientific humour magazine “Annals of Improbable Research’ (AIR), they are presented by a group that includes nobel laureates at a ceremony at Harvard University’s Sanders Theatre. They are followed by a set of public lectures by the winners at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology The first Ig Nobels were created in 1991 by Marc Abrahams, editor and co-founder of the Annals of Improbable Research. He is the master of eeremonies at all subsequent awards ceremonies. Awards were presented at that time for discoveries “that cannot, or should not be reproduced”. Ten prizes are awarded each year in many categories, including the Nobel Prize categories of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology/Medicine, Literature, and Peace, but also other categories such as public health, engineering, biology, and interdisciplinary research. The Ig Nobel Prizes recognise genuine achievements, with an exception of three prizes awarded in the first year to fictitious scientists Josiah Carberry, Paul DeFanti, and Thomas Kyle, ‘The awards are sometimes veiled criticism (or gentle satire), as in the two awards ‘en for homeopathy research, prizes in “science education” to the Kansas and Colorado state boards of education for their stance regarding the teaching of evolution, and the prize awarded to Social Text after the Sokal Affair. Most often, however, they draw attention to scientific articles that have some humorous or unexpected aspect. Examples range from the statement that black holes fulfil all the technical requirements to be the location of hell, to research on the “five- second rule”, a tongue-in-cheek belief that food dropped on the floor will not become contaminated if it is picked up within five seconds. In 2010, Sir Andre Geim became the first person to receive both a Nobel Prize and an individual Ig Nobel Prize. The prizes are presented by genuine nobel laureates, originally at a ceremony in a lecture hall at MIT, but now in Sanders Theatre at Harvard University. It contains a number of running jokes, including Miss Sweetie Poo, a litte girl who repeatedly cries out, “Please stop, I'm bored,” in a high-pitched voice, if speakers go on too long. The awards ceremony is traditionally closed with the words: “If you didn't win a prize — and especially if you did — better luck next year!” The ceremony co-sponsored by the Harvard Computer Society, the Harvard-Radcliffe Science Fiction Association and the Harvard-Radcliffe Society of Physics Students. . Throwing paper airplanes onto the stage is a long-standing tradition at the Ig Nobels. In past years, Physics professor, Roy Glauber swept the stage clean of the airplanes as the official “Keeper of the Broom” for years. Glauber could not attend the 2005 awards because he was travelling to Stockholm to claim a genuine Nobel Prize in Physics. Delegates from the Museum of Bad Art are often on hand to display some pieces from their collection too. The ceremony is recorded and broadcasted on National Public Radio and is shown ive over the internet. The recording is broadcasted every year, on the Friday after U.S. Thanksgiving, on the public radio program Science Friday. In recognition of this, the audience chants the first name of the radio show’s host, Ira Flatow. Reading Comprehension 23A. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1X5=5 marks) (i) How many Ig Nobel Prizes are given each year? a3 (b) 4 (7 (d) 10 (ii), Who created the first Ig Nobel Prize? (a) Thomas Kyle (b) Mare Abrahams (0) Josiah Carberry (d) Paul DeFanti (iii) In which year were fictitious scientists awarded Ig Nobel Prize? (a) 1990 (b) 1991 (c) 191 (d) 1995 (iv) What is a long-standing tradition at the Ig Nobels? (a) Throwing paper airplanes onto the stage (b) Throwing tomatoes onto the stage (c) Leaving the winners’ handprints on the stage (d) Winners sweeping the stage (¥) Where is the ceremony recorded and broadcasted? (a) Harvard Computer Society (b) Kansas (c) National Public Radio (4) Colorado B. Answer the following questions briefly. (1X7=7 marks) (i) Why are Ig Nobel Prizes termed as a parody of the Nobel Prizes? Gi) Who organises the Ig Nobel Prizes? (ii) Who was the first person to receive both, a Nobel Prize and an individual 1g Nobel Prize? (iv) What is the criteria for awarding Ig Nobel Prize? (v) What is the Miss Sweetie Poo joke? When is it cracked? (vi) Find a word from the passage (para-1) which means ‘an imitation of the style of something or someone’. (vii) Find a word from the passage (para-3) which means ‘a gradual process of change and development’. III. Read the following passage carefully. (12 marks) 1. Almost 3,000 years of food evolution has taken place for the pizza pie to reach its current delicious state today. Although flat breads have been around for 6,000 years, the word, “pizziare” started appearing in Italian writings as far back as 1000 B.C. The word pizza itself is believed to have originated from an Old Italian word meaning ‘a point’, which in turn became the Italian word “pizziare”, which means to pinch, or to pluck. 2. Tomatoes were first introduced to Italy from South America in 1522. At first, the tomato was believed to be poisonous. Fortunately, the poorer peasants of the region finally overcame their doubts about tomatoes in the 17th century and began adding it to the bread dough, and the first pizzas were created. 24 Xam idea English (Core)-XIl