VW Arithmetic NUMBER PROPERTIES CTE “Number Line and Absolute Value ‘A number Line is siaight line that extends infinitely in eicher direction, on which real numbers are represented as points, : 7 25: 7 a x ‘ Ht as 32 4 0 1 2 ~=5 ‘As you move to the right on 2 number lng, the values increase: Conversely, as you move to the left he values decrease. Zeco separstes the posiive nunibers (co the tight of zee) and the negative numbers (tothe left of exe) slorig the number Tine, Zeto ie neither positive nor negative. “The absolute value of a number is just the number without ics sign fis written 25 owo vertical Lines Example: [-3) = [43)=3 ‘The absolute value can be thought of asthe number’ distance fiem zero on the nomber in are 3 units from zero, 50 chefe absolute values are both 3. for insnee, both +3 and —3 Properties of -1; 0, 1, and Numbers In Between Peopertics of ero: Adding or subancsng 2er0 Grom a nomber does not change the number. Bxempl: OF eax 24082 4-064 ‘Any nomber moliplied by 2er0 equal fra, : Example: 2X00; 12X00 Diviion by zero & undefined, Whea given an algebraic expresion, be sure that the denomintor is not zero. g : i abo undefined. Properties of f and ts Mulifyingordviingsnanber by 1 doer at ehnge the mom, Example: xb lex 4154: (-3)x1= “3eR ‘Mubiplying or dividing s number by ~1 changes the sign, Example: yX(-1)=-y% 6X (C1) mae en = G-pxCNe-sty Note: The stim ofs umber and ~1 Get that numbers equal o zr. Zero mes “1 is zero 2 3) Beampler oted= 0: S480 Ox tN=0 F(Z) ‘The reciprocal of 3 nomiber it 1 divided by the number. Fora faction, as weve already sen, the reciprocal can be Found by ust inerchanging the denominator and the numerator.The product of'a number and is reciprocal i 1. Zeeo has 10 ecipro- sil.since 5 fs undefined Properties of numbers beeween “1 and i: The recipwal ofa number benween O and 1 i greater din the number cS 2 rmples The reiprosal of 2 2 Se hich is grener than “The reciprocal of s number berween ~1 and is less than the number, Example: The reciprocal of 3 anh which is tess chon ) ae The square ofa mvmber benween 0 and {ie leat chan the number, ome (2 ‘Muliplying any positive number by 2 fraction berween O and 1 gives a product smaller than the origins number. eamgls 6 = Soli hn Moliplying any negative number by a faction becween O and 1 gives a prosuct greater than the original number. Example: 3) x 5 =~ which is greater tan —3 All these properdis can best be éeen by obvervation eather dan by memorization,2 ay e Ce ee Cc ~ Gade ede OF SIG a »@& ye CS ¢ eee we GEIS rer es u € uct £ A ee! wont, a -¢ ed. Operations with Signed Numbers ‘The ably to add and subwace signed numbers is best Jearned by practice and common sense Additions lke spas Take che ditrence ofthe absolute value and keep the sgn ofthe number withthe lager absolute valve Bample: (-7) + (43) Subtraction; Subuaition is the inverse operation of addition; sub Submaetion is often exter if you chatige to addition, {or addicon of signed numbers, acting 3 number is the same 24 adding its inverse ‘by changing the sign of the aumbr being subsracted.Then tse the rules ample: (-3) > (-10) = (-5) + 4109) = 45 Example: €2\¢3) =—6; Odd and Even Goa sad evn apply only to incegers. There sxe no odd or even nonipteger numbers. Pu simply even numbers ar integers Beas dite by 2, and odd nambers.are integers tha ae nat dDvisibe by 2. ifm integers at digit fs cider 0,2, 46 os 8 itis events last digit i 1,3,5, 7,08 9,icis odd. Odd and even nusnbérs may be negative: is even, ‘A number needs just a single fctor of 2 to be even, s0 the product of an cien number and any integer will always be even Roles for Odds and Evens: Odd + Odd = Even Odd X Odd = Odd Bren + Even = Even Even Even Oda + Even = Odd” Odd X Even = Even ‘You can easly establish these ules when you need them by picking semplenombers. Example: 345 80 the sum of any evo odd numbers is even, 4 6 Brample: 5's 2,bue eal 2 30 the quotient of evo even numbers could be odd or even (oF 3 fraction’).Ca ee Factors, Primes, and Divisibility Multiples: An integer that is cvsible by another integer isa multiple of da integer. Example: 12 is muliple of 3 since 12 is divisible by 3:3 X 4 12. Remainders: ‘The setminder is what i lel over in a dh axe dividing by ion problem, A remainder is always smaller than the Example: 17 divided by 3ir5, 23 remainder of 2 actors: The factors.or divisors, ofa number ae the postive integers tha evenly divide into that aumbe: Example: 36 as nine factors: 1.2, 3, 4,6,9, 12,18, nd 36. ‘We can group these factors in pais: IX3652K 18HSX 12=2x9=6x6 ‘The greatest common factor, or sereacest common divior, of 2 pric ofmimber is the gest factor shart tn pombe, ivsibitiey ces ‘There ae several cess to determine whether a number is divisible by 2,3, 4,5, 6,and 9. A number is divisible by 2s las digi i divisible by 2 Example: 158 is divisible by 2 becouse 8 i cvisible by 2, A nomber is divisible by 3 ifthe sum of is dig is divisible by 3. Example: 4317 is divisible by 3 because 4 +34 1 7 = 15,and 15 is divisible by 9, 239 is not divisible by 3 because 2 + 3 + 9 w 14, and 14% not divs A.mumber is divisible by 4 if ite lase evo digis ate ds ibe by 4 Exampl 1.748 is divisible by 4 because 48 is divislte by 4. A number js divisible by 5 i€ie las digi if 0 oF 5. Exsmple: 2,635 is divisible by 5, 5,052 is not evisbe by 5.° A umber is divisible by 6 if divisible by both 2 and 3. divisible by 6 because itis divisible by 2 (ast digits 6) and by 3 GF3 4246219, ‘A momber is divisible by 9 ithe sum of is digits is divisible by 9. Exdmple: 22428 i divisible by 9 because 2 # 24 4 + 2+ 8= 18:and 19° divisible by 9. Prime number: ‘A prime ouniber is an integer greater chan 1 thae has no factors other than 1 and itgel€! Thé nu “4a prime. The sumber 2s theft prime surber and the only even prime. (Do you see why? Any has 2 asa factr,and therefore isnot primi.) The Gotten primte numbers re 23,5, 7,1, 13.17, 19,23, €_____—_—@amEE@ 1» factorization of a number is the expresion of the number as che product of is prime printe factors will always be the same. — Prime factorization: The pr for. Ne matter how you fator a number, Beample: 3626 622X3K2X3orDRIXIXI oc PXF 480 = 48 X 10=8X6X2XS 2X4XINIKDXS X2K2XDK3XDRS =PxX3XxS Example: “The easiest way to deceemine 2 aumber' prime ficrorization ist figuee outa pair of factors of the numnber, and then deter thine ther fetors, continuing the process ual you're Jef with only prime numbers, Those primes will be the prime factor~ Example: Find de prime eetorzation of 1,050. 10 a 5 150 7 ws 7 ‘So the prime facroritation of 1,050 is 2% 3 X S*X7, Consecutive Numbers : [A lise of nombers i consecutive ifthe numbers either occu ata xed Interval, ot exhibit a Gred partern. A de consecu ve nurbers you will encounter on the GRE ate integers Consecutive number could be inascending or descending order. Example: 1,2,3,4,5,6 /.. isa series of consecutive positive integers Example: ~6,—4,-2,0,2,4 ...i6 series of consecutive even rombers. Exainple: 5,7,11,13, 17,19 ...isa series of consecutive prime numbers¢ . eimai ae ee a NUMBER PROPERTIES TEST g £ Sele the (olowing problems and choose the be snier, Basic. 10 How ony odd imepers ae between 22 sag S25 ny ould incege gant D Nineteen D Eighteen Ste D Nine S Bigh etic the etetese integer da wil vide evenly inco both 36 and 542 6 oO Or Se Ou ‘Which of the following is nota ficcor of 1682! Da On Sx On on 4 Which ofthe folowing 18 is 9 Dwi OF 3 ee Sneegers 2,3, and 52 O x i, D 500 aa Dos ae 2 x } “D660 5 Cin aa 5. What isthe snalse posicive ine ivsibte by both 21 and 9? D 189 2 16 26 +9 that is evenly. Sa Ou 6. Wehe sum of thece diferent even number, what is the ans 22 Os Os Or Prime numbers is 30 lest of he three? SD K cannot be dewemined fom the information ven,7. ‘The integers 4, Byand Care conszcutive and +, 10. Lf the product of ewo integers is odd, which of the AS BS CICA? = Cowhich of the following could following mos: be true? be the value of A? Thesum of the two integers is an odd number et D Thedilference berween the toro integers isan edd Lo aumbe. m2 D The square of either inceger is an oid number D Te sum of the, squares of the nea integers is an tee: odd number. atone D The difference berween the squares of the wo Stand H only integer isan odd number. © Land Ul only a 130 11, For how many positive integers 2 is #22 an 1S hitana ut nae o "Os Intermediate eae os 8. Wain od amber which ofthe loving mus be eae O3 432, In the repeating decimal 0097531097531 ‘... whet is oO age the 44th digit to che right of che decimal poin? Oo Otten oO: “Dims? ie 30 an oe 9. Wha ch smallest innege greater than 1 that leaves “Os 4 temnder of | when divided by any ofthe integers : 6,Band 108 G3, Whac is he greatest iegee hac will aways evealy oa -2, then the sum, §,of the integers from 1 through 1 car be caculatéd by the folowing ongalds Sc n(n + 3)/2..Which one ofthe following statements about § must be tue? —" (A) “Sisalwaysodd. |. ae “ Sis always oven. PE ‘S mucthe a priiné number, : '$ gnust not bea prime numbes- S inust bea perfect equate!26. 2. . Anda ninber tral an od avboreftnayis @) anodd number 2 (© aprimenumbix (©) spositive number - (8) a perfect square seth sum of tee secutive nee en the fs andthe at rtagrs mast be (A) oad, even (8) odd, oda. (O) even, odd (0) even, even, (@) nonecfithesbove ‘fn and si are positive integers such that! m ¢ 8 ding C : “The Number and Age ofall Children living in Bung X ne af ave serge of four of there numbes is 2, whats _ sobaeuna G the aeoge of he Siero nabs? ae 1 s_T Tt 7 og : a? 1 , 2 - | Cc 84 iF v A S53 Bute oF a le o ou aa = ae ; ert On ve 56 78D. ae Ageia ) 1 7 s ? ¢ oy ; © - 16. ‘What is the range in age of the children living ia Cy 1. He serge (aridunede mee) 0 uilding 2 nde + 6 Osten O2 é of i at on a o:7- ae on Qe ae s Se oo. : ao $7. Whats the median age of the childven Evin in Cc 15. Fiftcen’movie dheacers average 600 customers per On E Bo: tener per dy. Idx ofthe centers ose down bat f ue the rol heater attendance says che same, whac os. at the erage daily anendance per chester among, che os eee o remminong theater? ae : S at o: C os : O10 c 7 & > 1,000 cae © 1200 c 1500 aa a A0oCe @ ¢ © € O° ad J 3 % é ~ % rd “ 3 o “ae Py ab ah a es) nb a gz + &1N, What isthe modeG) of the ages oF children living in building. 4 rer + Sando <9 Sand7 62> dand 7 19, tn a ce‘tin corporation the avenge (arithmetic mean) satsry ofall employees is $32,000, wich 2 san 20. start evition of 6,000. Which of the Iellowi sslaries fgg Berween I and 2 Staidard Deviations font die average? s12,000 817,000 D 336,000 © 549,000 > $52,000 y Question 20 refers to the following chart: Noosi Temperatores in Twa Cities (tye aye Monday | 24, 7. : hued 24 S82 Wednesday | a8 3 [thwcday | 49 65 62 ‘Which of the statements about the noon tempens ‘ures in City A and City B for the period shown are ie ; 1. The range of'noon cemperseuces for Ciy 4 ie _- Breater than die range of noon cempetstaes for Cy B. Ul, “The medisn noon cemperagure in Ciy A is “greater than the riedian noon cempearwce in Ciy B. IIL, The Standard Deviation of the noon tempenuret in City A is grexge than the Standard Devition of the noon temperatures in Cicy B. O Ioaly 2 Oittoaly a Tend Ionly D Lana it only, Q Witand ui” ) ) 3 as 2orn © © Cc aoatena 7 BREBHBETCHCECTECE a Advanced 2k, the average odd integers s 534, cen the lea of chee integers is “On Oss ose osm Om Monday Tocsay Wednesday Thursday. Friday 22. The wble above shows the closing price ofa stock ducing a week. Ifthe average (arithmetic mezn) cos-- ing price for the Eve days Was $75.50, what was the dosing price’on Friday? © 575.35 O35 a O 50 ‘ “Sos ee “2 18.48 23, ‘The average (ithmetic mean) of 6 positive numbers s 5. If the average of the least and geestet of these rnambers is 7, what is che average of the other four numbers? O3 oO. Os . Os OQ? 24, Hfthe average facithmesic mean) of e, band 7 13, shat is che average of a+ 3,6 ~ S.and G? o7 os LS 10 on Ow5 Suppose ain wavelsx miles iny hous aid 15 minwtes, Is average speed in mites per hour is +15 rae wa & AO x. 2 3) ) a 0 © * © a © $e detesmined from the information given. ante) 2 Column A ‘The average of 10 and 28 is two'more than Column B eae the average of 20 and 2, oa © 15, a 8. The average of four numbers is 20. If onc of the ‘numbers is removed, the ‘average of the remit ‘numbers is 15. What number was removed? 7 r 0 @ 15 © 30 was ® 45 On a recent test, a math class had an : Column A average score of 21. ‘The boys’ average Coltma'B ~ Was 60 and the girls! average was 80, : The number of boys ‘The number of git ‘ who took the test who took the test = 10. The average of two numbers is } and one of the numbers is x, What is the other number inte" ofx? A) fez @) fax (©. ax. ©) r+x BAe on Hl” A shoppér spends $25 to purchase floppy disks at SO¢edch. The next day, 0¢ cach and the shopper spends $45 fo purchase miote dares, purchased? the disks go on salé What was the average price per (A) 256 (B) 302 (©) 35¢ (D) doe 456 12. The average of 8 numbers is A, and one ofthe al embers is 14. TF 14 iseplaced with 28, then wha.) the new average in terms of A 3 : 1 “ dat ®) aay 4+2 Owe © Ane “y 1 13. The average of five-nummbers is 6.9. If one ofthe numbers is de! leted, the average of the remaianig numbers is 4.4. What is the value of the number deleted? “] ® 68 B74 © 125° @ 169. @ 172 2Se seh egy r iE PERCENTS penent xe one ofthe mos conzonly used math elsionships. andar a popes topic om the GRE, Percent jst another rod for hondedth Therefore, 15% (19 pegcens) means 19 handed ~ tog or 0.19 or 19-0u of every 100 things or 19 pass out ofa whole of 100 pare. “They'e all jos dierent names for the same thing, zie Bach box athe left represents 1%, 100 bones = {100)(194) = 100% = 1 whole. Note that we have, in increasing order, 0.2%, 3%, 296, and 2036. = 20 boxereutof 100 Making and Dropping Percents ‘To make a percent, multiply by 100 Bevaloe Since 100% means 100 hundredths or 1, multiplying by 100% will not change Example: 0.17 = 0.17 X 100% = 17.0%60r 17% Example: 4 = $x 100% = 25%« “To change 2 percent a decimal, just drop the pescent and move the decimal point ewo places tothe ein(This isthe sam> gps | ) 21 dividing by 100%) D Example: 05% = 0.908 = 0.008 ; Cc 1 a0 Example: 21% = 225% = 0.9025 = ozs < a Coramon Percent and Fractional Equivalents ms Being familiar with hese equivalents con save'you 3 ft of time on tex da a & el a & a = _ widC a Prone AARAAARNAAAH A909 VG « « COLD eee Ifthe average of p and 4p is 10, then p= Mi Bs os 10 =e 18 ‘The average of six consecutive integers in incre: fig order of size is 934, Whats the average of the lest thee integers? as @%x% © MN wx CotumnA . LetS'denote the sumand A the Column 7 MN -T average of the coniecitive me ne positive integers I through n. : A Ss: : oon J" Cars’ and ¥ leave’ City A at the. same ie - ‘and travel the same routeto City B. Car X Column A”. takes 30 minutes to complets the trip and car Y Column B : takes 20 ininutes. 7 ‘The average mites fl ‘The average miles ; - perhourat which ear =< : per hour at which car Xuaveled saauaran coe *¥ traveled 5. Column A xg, and rare positive, and p+ q. Column B The average of p, 2r qandr zLOG oc ce5 Percent Problems ‘Most percent problems canbe salved by plagging into one formula bes 5 erates percent, whole and pat In percent problems, gene the whole wil be associzted with the Nog pase wil be asodnted with the word ix The percent ean be represented a tne aig the part to the whole, co the #10 the of Ets me a given che percent andthe wholeTo Bind the pat change the Percent to a fraction, ‘hen moltply Use the formala above, Percent X Whole = Part, Since 25% = 7, we are realy asking what one-fourth of 36 1 $x366 736 Bale: 1248! etiam Here we aw given the percent and the part and asked for the whele, T€Pesccit X Whole =a then Pat ty ole SP cat that 338 ged eas ‘Percene’ 7 335) 3 ‘We can avoid all this algebra: All We ate akedis“13 is one-third of what number?" 13 is one-thied of 3X 13 0F39, Example: 18 is whee percent of 32 Tree Me ven the whole (@) andthe par (18) and asked fr the peccent, Percent X Whole = Par, thea Pace ‘Whole Percent = Remember thes percent is jou a faction. The faction that 18s of 3 ie 18, 8 low we jute to contre “8 eg percene Now we yop B= Boom) = 60% = coo Note hte that we ean find the percent as dnc" divided by the “oF part:PU “What percent is 18 of 3? ‘iceratve meinodsThe base 3 eprint 100% Since 18 is 6 ses as arr ihe percent eats 6 X 100% = 600%. Percent increase and decrease: then dealing with percent incree an percent decease aways be care fo pur the mount of increase or decrease over Te the eee costh deine nib 5 pret cane ta ano Example: 1s the now selling price? Our original vhote here is $120, and the percent increase fs 252%, formula. 7 crease X Osiginal whole ‘Amount of increase : ‘Amownt of increase Minette = Oeil whate CO") Amount of decrease ‘Original whole sneaiad wh decrease = New Whole = Original whole 2 Amount of change = 2596 x $120 ‘To Bnd the new whole (che new selling price): New whole = Original whole ++ Amount of incresse New whole = $1204 $30 = S150 2 OYnbining percents: On some problems, you'll need to find more than one percent ot a percent of percent. Be caiful ‘You ean’ just add percents, unless youre taking the percents of the same whole, Let’ look at an exemple Example: ‘The price ofan antique is reduc by 20 peccent and chen this price is reduced by 10 percent. Ifthe antique originally cose $200, what is it Gna price? Fist, we know dt the price is seduced by 20% That the same thing 2s saying dat the price Becomes (00% ~ 2090, 080% of what i oxisay was, 0% af 5200 equal to x $200, 19 $160. Then this price is reducsd by 1056 10% X $160 = 516,90 the final pric of the antique is $160 ~ 516 = SIH. ‘A.common ertor in this kind of problem is to assume chat the Gal price is simply 2.30 percent seduction of the original price, That would mean chat the Gnal price is 70 percene of the origi nal, ot 70% * $200 * $140. But, 5 we've just seen, this is NOT correct. Adding or subtracting, percents directly only works if those percents até being taken of de same whole. In chis exam- or ple, since we cook 20% of dhe original price, and then 10% of that reduced price, we ean jus 4 add the percent together, Y [Peroeats tops oy ‘More practice with percent word problems can be foand ia che word problems chapter ~~ el © Jk CwMise PERCENT TEST Solve the following problems and choote the best answer, 3000 Basic 1, Two hundred percent more than 30 is oO 3 ; ow : Cn ao 9 1 . o} © 1 Oo 30 4. What percent of 4 is © 23% 2. What percent of 1,600 is 2 i S ohm Oo 3% O 120% S 08% ; 1 Qo 1335% ons S 150% om 1 5, Ten percent of 20 percent of 30s rae Oo ; D6 O15 oO: o«6 Oo A! a, > 6) MY }6. 1660 percent of HY equals 20 percent of T, what per- cents W of T? QD 1% : oxlx om 120% owls 7. 36 percent of 18 is 18 percent of what number? °° 7 Ou OM ‘| on On 8, The price of a newspaper rises from 5 cents to 15 cent What is the perceac increase in price? Om 50% 150%. 1 200% SD 300% 9. Joseph bought « hovte for $80,000. Ihe sells it oc 2 raft of 12.5 peicent of the original cost, what is che selling price of the hovse? 392,500 s0.000 D 829.000 S 338,000 S 390,900 10. A dlose contains 24 pairs of shoes. 1°25 pescent of those pass af shoes are back, how many pairs are NOT back? On Os On on. On V1, Bob took 20 math tests at yese. Ihe filed six of them, whae percent of the math tests did he pas? S 315% S 00% : S 25% 2 em 70% 12, An item is priced 2t 20 percent more than its whole~ sale cost Ifthe wholesale cost was $800, wht is the price of the item? > s00 D> 3960 51,000 O 51.00 S 1200VA 13. Over a teo-year period Pat incomte rose from Intermediate $515,000 to $35,000. What was the percent inerease in her income? ‘ 16, 1€65 percent of is 195, whats 7 percent og , OK as oad O 239% O 2s YO) D x} O25 y S 2.8% 2 250 ~ San S20 i : : . 14, Of the 20 people who won prte money. 7 have 17, Doxing October.s kore had sles of $309.0 come forward to claim their winnings, What peeene TE this was 2 20 percent intcete over dhe Seep af? of tie people who won prite money have not ye. sales, whac were che September sales? appeaita? © s22500 a UH S 324,000 - > > 3K 325,000 5 Cm > 27,000 ZO Som © 822,000 a) > 0% 18, tna stae loner percent ofthemoney cates goes 15, .A $100 chaic is increased in price by 50 percent. If towards education. If during s cerain week 6 A, che chair then discounted by 5D peccen of the della were obtine for eipon how mor yaaa : new price, at whae price willbe offered for le? wat collected in the lonery during that week ins a © sis0 nillions of dollan? O36 S a5 “3 S 60 $ D si00 oss eae 2 350 ee 2 256c \ er Csi Hib aaree GED ? ce 19, A25-ounce solution is 20 percent alcohol. If 50 Advanced iy ances of water 3e aed to it what pescen of the ) G ‘ new solution is alcohol? a. 22. The population of a certain town increases by 50 ¢ om percent every 50 year Ifthe population in 1950 vas ee 510, in whae year waste population 1607 os ods fae YN Mi 3 © 1650 Sete om 1700 a O 10% S p80 ae? ow S 100 Ga Ay 7 1850 ca 20, After geing 220 percent discount Jerry paid $100 8 for a bicycle, How much did the bieyele originally Og cone 23, Five percent ofa cern grass seed is dmothy, Ifthe 7 amount of the mixture needed to plant one dere + ace ee contains 2 pounds of timothy, how many acres ean oa O ss be pasted with 240 pounds of the seed mxute? ps5 om o6 a6 7 OD 5120 On ~ CR Oo s25 i Ow DCH rt hock decressesin vale by 20 pret By wae per Ou aie cx ms te sede neces ache forme pure ag 2 15% i 04 24, A bnish salesman eams $50 salary cach month plus c4 Om 410 percent commision on the value of hie sales. [Che C eae cased $200 list month, what was the tora value of 4 : irks? F S 30% DT + fe © 51,000 u OC 0% 2 © 351,200 7 3 O s1500 Oc® © 22000 Ee OC ¢ © 32500 Oty nee 9 ab ud : I¢ 2 C Cw ay 3 Om ce : 7 a oO(eee 25. A mia bought 10 eraces of oranges for $80 totd.1€ hne lose 2 of the crates, at what price would he have to sell exch of the remaining crates in order to carn a ‘etal proGt of 25 percent of the cou cos? > si10.00 > s1250 S 518.00 > si00.00 © s12000 cr )Jotm spent $25, whieh i 15 percent of his monthly wage. Whatis his monthly wage? (A) S80 ®) s160% (©) S228 ©) $3125) sa75 "2, Maw db; what peccent of 2a is 2b? (A) 10%) 20% (25% =D) 26%] 4B 3. Up = 57>0,thend0 percent of 3p equals ) & ) 552 (1324) 99 © 20.19 4. A jar contains 24 blue balls and 40 red bells, Which cite of the following i 50% of the blue balls? 4a) 10 @n on 0) 13 @u 5. Ina company with 180 employees, 108 of the employees are female. What percentof the employees are male? (A) 5% 25% © 35% 0) 40% =) 60% 6 John bought a shirt, a pair of pants, and a pair of shoes, which cost $10, $20, and $00, Feepectively. What percent of the total expense viss spent for the pants? 7 (a) 162% © 20% {€) 30% D)33h% ©) O%. 7. Last yeas Jenny was 5 feet tall, and this year she is 5 foot 6 inches. What is the peicent inerease of her height? (A) 5% 10% (15% (©) 30%. @) 40% 8 List inoath the price of a pectic pen was S120: This month the pice ofthe extne penis S150, Whatis the percent incretse in the price of the pen? (A) 5% a) 10% (©) 25% Os% ait 9. Stella paid $1,500 for a computes aftr regiving a 20 percent discount, What was the price ‘of te computer before the discount? : ~ (A) S300 B) $1500 ©) $1875. :(D)'s2,.000 — &) $3,000 10. A tot has a population growth rate of 10% per yea. The population in 2990 was 2000, ‘What was the population in 19522 (A) 1600) 2200) 2400») 220) soo U1 Ina class of 200 students, forty percent are girs. Twenty-five percent of the boys and 10 percent of the girls signed up for atour to Washington DC. What percent of the clas signed up for the tour? (4) 19% @) 23% or% 7% © 35% 12, 115% of anumber is 45, then 45% of the same numbers, (a) 15 ©) 35 (35) 1 Os 18, A 30% discount reduces the price of 3 commodity by $90. IFthe discount is reduced to 20%, then the price ofthe commedity will be : @) sis su (smo SD) S300x cee Sample, you cannot form the rato of2 fect hea ya crpressed in different units—feet vs. yards, It of to numbers with different expressed in the same units, Beinplé 1: What the ratio of fet to 4 yaide? Op M1 OF wre wis ‘yields ‘Theansweris (0). Note taking dhe reciprocal of fraction usually changesiis size. For example, important in a ratio: 3:4 4:3. EEE A proportion is simply an equality between two’ ratios (factions). Forexample, Ue ratio of x toy Isequal to the ratio of 3to2 is translated as or in ratio notation,RACK OOAG oo anelekene ana c oD Co aE aE 2k ae Py: st ya Cy aon C fe. So te he te he vs Ns , 3 2 3 3a —. Sho te Proportion Io vaabls acer propirtnalif one a constant multiple of the other yak: where kis a constant Tue above equation shows tata x inckeaces (or decreases) so does y. This simple concept hus numerous applications in mathematics, For example, in constant velocity problems, distoee o disely proportional to tine: d= of, where isa constant. Note, sometimes the word dirty suppressed, Bample2: tf theratoofytoxis equal to3 and he sum of y shai 60, whatis the value fy? M20 O87 ©5 On ww Translating “the ratio ofy tox is equ to 3” into anequation yields Les Translating “the sui of yand xis 89” intoran equation yields ytiseo Solving the first eqiation fory givesy = 3x, Substituting this into the second equation yields Bx: 89 Hence, y= 3x =3Q20)= 66: The answer is). 7 GRAY word problems, as one quankity increas (decreases), another quantity also increases {Gecreases). This type of probleman be solved by setting up a divet properton, Bample dr “1/Biféin shape 3 surfboards in 50 minutes, how many surfboards can he shape in Shouis? : @6 87 Bb MD - @w patime increases 20 docs the aumber of shaped surfbcacds. Hence, we eet up a ditect Proportion. First,convert'S hours into minutes: Shours = 3% 60 minutes ~300 minutes. Next, let ¢ ‘Sethe number of surfboards chaped in hours, Finally, forming the proportion yields 3 50300 a 3-300 30 12sample 4 -Ona map, inch presents 150 ies. Whatis he actu distance between io ates tftey we 3 ches patente pt (A) 225 B) 300 (C) 450) 525 E) 600. ‘As the distance on the map increases so does the actuel distance. Hence, we set up a direct «+ proportion. Lelrbe the actual distance between the cities. Forming the proportion yields ‘The answer is (0), qd aol aot ats ee etic and AE ee Eee tiguiitceaewms Eo Lin 150m st this ‘case, the order is inches to inches and miles to miles. However, the dv 3ifin xm 5 fellowing is nota direct proportion becuse the order is not the seme on both sides of the equal ee 2 a SE Tomi 3)gin ‘but miles to inches on the ightside In this ease, the order is inches to miles on the left side of the equal sign If one quantity increases (or decreases) while another quantity decreases (or increases), the {quantities are seid to be inverely proportional. Thestaterient“y fs Inversely proportional to 2° is writen 2 where kis a constant. atiplying bathed of yo byes wok nee, in an inverse proportion, the product of te two quiintities is constant. Therefore, instead. of setting ratios equal, we set products equal In many word problems, as one quantity increases (decreases), another quantity decreases (increases). This type of problem ean be solved by setting up a product of terms.in Proportion ExasapleS: IF 7 workers can assemble a car In 8 hours, how long would it take 12 workers to assemble the saine cr? d tks @ 3Yfivs ©) A%fine @D) Sr © 6}hbes ‘s the number of workers incresse, the amount tine required to assemble the car decresses. Hence, ve eet the products of the terms equal. ‘Let x be the time it kes the 12 workers to ssconble the car. Forming the equation yield 7eeids “56 i Ya sax Theansweris (C). fio cummarize: W one quantity inacases eceasss).as anoiher quantity slo increases (decreaces, set ratics equal. If one quantity increases (decreases)’as another quantity decreases [Gnczeases), set products equal, “The concept of proportion can be generalized to three or more ratios. A,B,and Care in the ratio. A343 aided Fors 34S means re c BaampleG: Inthe figure tothe right the ngles A,B,C of the tangle aze in the ratio 52:13, - -Whatis the measure ofangle A? AY eds c @). w. 2 3 @) 4 ® .#, ‘Since the angle sum of a tiangle fs 1607,A + B+ C=260. Forming two ofthe ratios yids Ssvegbesateqeninisoyieds B= !24 B Solving the second equation for Cyields C= Hien, 160= A+ B+ C= A412 A4 A =64. Therefore 160 = 6A, 0F A 90. The answers (C)I | ; Solve the following problems and choose the best ansiver, RATIOS TEST Basic 1, fn cerain pet show there are 24 hamsters and 9 cass, What is the ratio of cas co hamsters a¢ this pet show? Oia Ors O38 . O23 a4 2. [the ratio of Boys t6 fls ina class is $:3,and there arc 65 boys, how many gis must ehere be in the chs? : On On On. Os £3.39 3, . On a certain street map, inch represents one mile, As pg ga mane 10 (Om 5. 3 local election, votes were cast for Mr. Dyes, Ms. * ih dine oi reeset ty inh? 1 on a ‘What i hie ealary? SO 3200 DS 8300 Oso Oss Fryand ir Borin the ro of 42322. ches were no other Candiacsand none ofthe 1.800 vor- es ex more than one vote ow mary votes did Me Fron rehe? Om OS 30 od Om * : of Sm t 0AG ie yor of Oe One DNL DA 6 The mito of mien to women 2¢ a party is exacdy 3:2. If there i a tual of 120 people 2t the party how many of them are women? Ox ow one on ma 7. The weights of wo ships are in the ratio of 5:9.1F ogether they Weigh 5,600 tons, Row many rons docs the larger ship weigh? & 2,000 2 2400 D 3.000 -& 3,200 3.600 8. A lsboratory has $5 rabbis, some white and che ree lbeowm, Which of the following could be the ratio of irs co brown rabbits in the lab? whiter % 10. i ‘The Greenpoint fctory produced ewo-fiths of the Consolidated Brick Company's bricks in 1991. Ifthe Greenpoint fctory produced 1,400 tons of bricks in 1991, what wnt the Consolidated Brick Company's ‘orl output thet year, in cons? On 2 2,100 © 2800 > 3,500 © 7.000 Ao 3 seule 2 of O305 O 1021 O S07 OTs Oss A ccxein ship Ooas wit otis weigh above the ster What sche ao ofthe ship sibmeged weight es exposed weigh? One O2s "Oss O23 OssSieguaie Te 12, One-ewentieth of the Entfants ins contest won prizes, [£30 more than one pre, how many entrants did NOT vwin prizes? On © 30 O50 es were won, and'no entrant won Os 2.600 13, Ifa kilogram is equil to appresimately.22 pounds, which of the following is dhe bese approximation of the number of kilograms in one poond? y+ mM Sr St 5 ore a 14. If chere are 14 women and 10 men employed'in cerain office, what sche probubiliy that one employee picked, 2¢random will be » woman? 1 OF Intermediate 1S. A tecipe for egg nog calls for 2 eggs for every 3 cupt ofeaik.1€ there are 4 cups in a quare, how many cage will be needed to mix with 6 quarts of mill? On O16 Om Ox ow 16, Ifthe rato of boys co gil in a class ig 5 to 3, which ef de flowing ould not be the nuraber of dent inde dass? On ox On Oe. . os 17, Abautenes grade faa cole is detrenined by 4 pines and 1 cx che exam counts vice 3 mocha each ofthe quizzes, thee ction of he tna grade i deteained by the exam? 1 o 6 1 oe ree Na od TAiO) a OC Re ee a On PDL OEE OA OOR aon aor QAan c C € ¢ 8 IE.cement, give and sand are to be mixed in the ratio 32577 spectively, afd 5 cond of cement are available, how many-tors of the mbxrare canbe sade? (Assome there is enough gravel and sand available (0 «se all che cement) on On Os : on 2 on Bob finishes the ise half of exam jn evo thirds the dime it ees him to Gish the second half If he ‘whole cam takes him an hou, how sany minute: does he spend on the fist half ofthe exam? On on On Ox on Ina certiin fetory with 2,700 workers; one-thinl of the workers ae unskilled. 1600 of the unskilled workers are apprentices, whut faction of th ‘unskilled workers are not spprentice? CLE + 24, Iwo fir coing ace tossed at the same mie, what is the prdbabiligy that at least one of them will be heads? Advanced 22. An alloy ofa and copper has 6 pounds of copper for every 2 pounds of tin, {C200 pounds of this alloy are made, how many pounds of tn ase cequized? Os Oo % 2 10 Os S150 2. A sporting goods tore ordered an equal number of white and yellow tennis balls The tennis ball compe ay delivered 30 extra white ball, making the.ratio of white balls 9 yellow balls 6:5. How nranyy cennis, balls did the sore originally order? O 1 ; 150 creeeeeett © 180 © 300 © 30os : i 25, dm Sau charges $9400 for an eye zaminstion, a ghoslenebon $42.00 orn ye cmc ares femce, and pe lenses. If he pac lenses aan tine mmdh sche gas lens how rach So the qs lenes cos? D2 Qe Sis Se we os oe hte nti min oct one : ccasbotinecstnnber strict} of items 8 vargas afte ol ober mice, then what is the ratio ‘of white mice 0 gray owen Orns Os oes Ose 27. A bag contins 7 blue marbles, 32d marbles, and 5. green males, One mule is selected 20 random and Fis blue Ifthe Girse marble i not replaced and nother marble celected, whac isthe probabiliey chat ie is alo blue? 3 23 ei 128, “Two bie dice ate rolled at the same time. What is the probaly chat exch ofthe die shows an ever nome be? 1 it Os ot 4 ot 2 Oo! pa Fw Ji iat & LS. a mew 3a NOD r © € foal on 10. Whats the ratio of 2 {t 3in. to 2yds? 1 1 3 1 a M7. O@; OF OF B ‘The ratio of two numbers is 10 and their difference is 18. What is the value of the smallex umber? @2 @s Qw M2 wz If the degree measures of two angles of an isosceles triangle are in the ratio 1:3, what is the degree measure ofthe largest angle fitis not a base angle? (A) 26° (B) 36° ose. O92 ® 108° A jot uses 80 gallons of fuel to fly 320 miles. At thi rate, how many gallons of fuel are needed for 700 mile fight? 19 @ 1S 1m M17 | ws ‘Two boys ean mow a'lawn in 2 hours and 30 minutes If they ane joined by three other boys, ‘how many hours willit take to mow the lawn? @ik, + @ ifr O hws. ©) {0s ©) 2hes A recipe requires 3 Ib, of shortening and 14 02. of four. Ifthe che accidentally pours in ‘21 ox of flour, how many ounces of shortening should beaded? =~ as @o On OR @B Tew widgets cost d collars, then at thisrate how many dollars ‘ill 2000 widgets cost? 200d a ©) seo os om «a In the system of equations to the right,z#0. Whatis ratio of x to2? m-2 @-} Ff os et : Ifa sprinter takes 30 steps in 9 seconds, how many steps does he take in $4 seconds? A 130 @) 170 on ©) 180, © 20 1fSx=6y then the ratio of xo ys si @) 56 ou ©) «5 © 16 om< O¢ on Oo: ‘GEMIIEEN POWERS AND ROOTS Rules of Operation with Powers In the term 323 is the coefficient, i the base,and 2 is the exponent. The exponent refers.co.the number of times the due is 2 Getor For insance,in #ythere ate 3 factor of 42 P44 +4 = 64, ‘A number muliplied by itself’ called the square of that number, eg. 22 is x squared. ‘h number auképlied by itself and then multiplied by itself again is called the cube of that number,c.g. 4? is 4 cubed. To multiply two terms with the sxine base, keep the base and add the exponents. Bample: 2+ P= Q+YQ-2+2 or Fe Bag =2p2+2+2°2 a2? 2 Examples» To divide two terms with the same base, keep the base and subtract the exponent of the deiiominator fom the exponent of the numerator. Ande des Example: 4* or em gt? =e ‘To raise & power to an exponent, multiply the exponents, Bample: = 6+ 3! or Gta ae = G++ 9G 90-9) =3 7 ‘ny nonzero number mised ro he te power is equal to 1. = {ifs 0.0" undined. [A négative ceponent indicates a reciprocal, To arrive 2 an equivalent expression, take the ceciprocal of the base and change. the sign ofthe exponent. der hye Bample 2 = GP aes AA fincpional exponent indicates 2 root. (a = fend “the wth oot of” ns presen ihe nd ign ma the psive sure root) Example:(Mek en O,then' fe O-: On On Oo Cae 5 22 z Oo: O2 7, lex = 2,then 3+ GP op Qa on On. onInterniediate 4, Which ofthe illoving NOT slo 06752 Osx esx © 0615 x 104 1 0.00675 10 1 c.0000675 x 10° 9. Iq is an odd integer greater than 1, what is the value of I+ 1? on on Oo O2 © ke connot-be determined fom the information given, 10, If > 0,then (4966) = oy 2 on Ow on on 1 12, 1€3+> 10000 and nieaninteges the set pou ble value of m is . ste O14 Os 6 O7 Os ‘What positive number, when squatedis equal te the cube of the positive quate root of 162 Ou Os On Qs o2 Advanced 13. ‘Which of the Gllowing isfare) equal to 82 1, Beas tL 2 i +28 D Monty a tana only D tand Tt only Stand ony © titand a[Nicth: Part Two: Content Review. 14, 127" = 9% chen 17. Wet et = 1 and. Flthene + 6, 4 Or fr O2 ot ° of ° O1, 3 ‘O Ke cannot be determined fiom the information Os given! 15, ayz #0, then OD pz Oxy Oxys O xpz Oxy 16, Ifline segments AB and CD have lengis of 104 and 5 ~ Fi especialy then the lng of {ADs pene than CD by bow much? Os-26 Ostal Oss os OnAlgebra GEZND Alga i he lest Requenly teed of the major math topics onthe GRE—sor« of What we mean scat shepe wont be that many problema that invlv oly lgeber—maybe 20 percent of your exam, But sat ofthe wien See en involve alge to some deger o anechex, whether they sword probly, poomeccy. 8 even Siemens iene TL makes algebra 2 necessary skill—you have to understand basic equations and how to solve them.” : ALGEBRA Terminology “Terms: A term isa numeri coniant or the pradve (or quosen) of numerical constant and one or more arables u Examples of tems ate 3s, 4px and 2, Expressions: An algebrate expression is a combimaon of one ot ote terms. Tes in an capreion are sepented ‘ther + or ~ signs. Beamples of expresions are 3xy, deb + Sed, and x? ~ 1, w In the tem 33fthe mumerical contant 3 is called» couficient. [na sinple term suc 2 2; 1 isthe coedicient, A number ‘widhouc any vatlbles felled 2 constant term.An expresion with one term, sch as, ie eled'a monoredal; one wih sve ters, such da +24, isa binomial one with thre terme, sucha: 97 + =~ aisa tinomlal. The general none for ‘expresions with more dan one term is polynomial. Substitution : Substitution is a method that we employ to evaluate an algebraic expresion of to express an algebraic expression in terms of other variables, Rxample: Eluate 32 ~ 4s when x= 2, Replace ey xin the exprestion with 2 and thea cy out the designated operons, Remember to flow the order of operations (PEMDAS). Bo whe= 30F AQ) = 3X44 K2= IG Example: Express in corms of = 2nd y fa = 2x and b= 3y. Here, we replate every “e” with 2x and every “b" with 3y2Wea Symbolism Symbols such as +,—, %,and + should be Gmilse However you may sce strange symbols such 1§,~+,2nd © ons GRE problem, These bole may confize y6t but the question stem in each of these problems abies tel you what 2 san symbol docs to numbers.This type of preblem may sem weicd bu itis typically nocking more dhn an cxercise in substo- ramps Lette dl by the gos gp lb mon GP Operations with Polynomials i 4 All of the laws of arithmetic operations such asthe associative, distributive, somials, nd commutative lws,are ako applicable to poly Commutative lay: 2x +b Sy = Sy + 2x Sa X 3b 36% Sa = 15eb De = 3b Sy + Dy = Oa 3) Fy IY = wT (29 (Fx) one-an = Aira = 67 Both Jaws: Dx + 32 = Gb Ae = 2x Gx + 38+ 42 (Communtive law) = Qc~ 6x) + Be + Ax) (assodative lw) te 72 Note: This process of simplifying an expression by subsmacting or adding together those cerms with the same variable com ponent is talled combining lke terms. Disesibutive law: 3a(Qb ~ 59 = (Be X 2).— Ga X 5d = bob — 15ae Note: The product of two binomials can be calculated by applying the distributive law owice. Example: (@ + 5)(x—2) =x Ge 45- 6-3 seca DSexn5 +2 = de #52 = 10 430-10 ‘simple mnemonic for this is the word FOUL, whieh rieans thatthe produces immediately afer al she parentheses have been removed appea in the order First, Queer, Inne, Last, Using the FOIL method in the above mplieation, oo. te 55 0 Produces of the Fences = Queereemt © Ennereerms Lascterms vB a Dee Seo Wate x0 Bi A RL eed i ne Ct al a okTe Factoring Algebraic Expressions Factoring # polynomial means expresing it as product of ewo or more simpler expressions, Common monomial fretor: When there is a monosial factor common to every termin the polynomial it can be Fac- tored ove by using the datrbutive lave example: 2a-h bac 2a(t + 32 (hese 2a isthe greatest common factor of 2a and 6a). Difference of two squares: The difeence of two squares can be factoted into 4 prodict: 2-H (a Nerd. Examples 97 ~ 1 = Ge? ~ (= Get Ge — 1) Polynomials of the form a? ++ 2ab +H Any polynomial ofthis form is equivalent to the square ofa Binomial. Notice tat et OP = P+ 20+ P (Tey FOIL). acoring such 2 polynonl is jue seversig this procedure, Ragmple: 24 6c $9 = GF +2GG) + OTH HI Polynoraials of the form a2 — 2ab-+ F: Any polynomial of thie form is equivalent the square of bnomia ike dhe pocous cxsngle Here though, the binomial i the difeence of two terms: (o-8)® a ~ 228-4 Polynomisls of dh form >? + be +. The polmomisof this form can sometimes be fcr into 3 product of two bino- ‘mb-The prodoct ofthe fist wens i cach binomial must equal the frst term ofthe polynomial The produc of the ls ermt tthe binemls mt equal dhe died term of the polynonial The sum ofthe remaining prodocs must equal ibe secoa tent ‘of the polynomial Pactoring can be thought of 2s the FOIL method backwande oO re ae SAMA ABAnNG wo abit BodsEAR eo 2 Examples 2-35-42 “We ean feeor this ato evo binomial, each containing an x tem. Start by writing down whet we know. 23x F2= We) 3 tn exch binomial on the right we need to Gillin the missing termn-The product ofthe pve mise ing exes wl eth at tea in the polymoraial:2The sm of de evo ming tris Wl Bs Be a | ioe ecient ofthe zcond term ofthe polynomial ~3.Tey the posible actors of 2 unt we get + fic thar adds up to ~3. There are to posibides 1 and 2, or ~{ and —2-Since (Cay + (2) = —3.e ean fil “1 and ~2 inva the empey spaces Thy 2 3x2 NERD ote: Whenever you fsctor 2 polynomil you can check your answer by using FOI te obtain the orignal polynomia Linear Equations am equasion i'n gba sentence hat ys dnt wo expense equal fo cach ole The ova cmsesions Ss of. ao a nang ardhunee penton tobe performed on thee numbers and vores To solve for sore wiih aa aon une oe hav eoied cat see om on de of che sali leaving any suraben 99 ara iar, Ok cous, we must be caf Co manipula the equation eny im aecoctnce wih We coh) i rae a hencres ue pif an operon on one eof he equation we mat prom the ame opsniion on ether” ‘Bae Otherwise, che owo sides of dhe equacion will no longer be equal ‘Atincr or five dees equation san eqntion in which all the vars are aed rhe se power (ee 26 09 SE a) cadena sore such an eqeton, wel peafoon operons on bot sides of the cqaion fh Sst 6 ee Stabe wee solving forall alone on one side. The operations we can peiform without upsets. ‘the balance of the equa ~f denen waldiion and juberacsion, and mukiplication or division by a mamber other tan (O.Typically, at each step in the,” Son on a pe tree oie operon ats sing pi wo Ge vaca ode co le the wae a Fen ee ae 6 bing aed oon tl side T lat the mw med fo perform he sevens oP - ‘Gonthat i to subeact 6 Eom bosh sides That gives us n+ 6 — 6 = 0 6,0 8 = 4 : « ‘Latsook st anther mele ‘ Examples Idx — 7 = 2e # 5, what i522 ra 1. Geral the terms with the de -7=2e 4S ~¢ arable on one side ofthe dew de De 5 qostion, Combine dhe tems. 2-758 2. Gecallconsnt terms on en 7472547 the other side of che equation med 43, Isolate the variable by dividing booth sides by is coefficient. « MIR = 2 6We can easly check oot work when soling this kind of equation. The answer we ative at represent the value of the vat stle which makes the equation hold wve. Therefor, to check that ive correct, we can juss subutitate this value foe ee sble inthe ofginal equation, Ifthe equation hols true, we've found the caret answer: In the above exargle, we gots ade 0f6 for x, Replacing = with 6 In our exiginal equaxon gives us 4(6) ~7= 2(6) + 5, or 17 = 17. That lesly tone, vo our answer is indeed correct unions with acon counts con be a He more wick They cn b solved wing the sam apicach, though dis offen eae to rather involved culations, Instead, they can be tansformed into an egulwlent equation ae docs nee ee Srctonsl coefficiens. Lets see how (0 solve such a problem. zed eds Example: Solve sw a CG an -2 x4 s ° |. Maliply both sider of the a =30(2 ) a) iaSuiea teslarrenca 20(254) +20(5F4) 30(3) a Common Denomiaator (LCD), 10 ~ 2) +34 ~ 4) = 151 o” 2. Clear parentheses using the itibucive 105 — 204 3x — 12 i property, and combine like terms. . 13x = 32 y¢ 3, Holt the variable, o Oy ‘Agiin, combine ike terms, ag 4, Divide both sides by the coefficient cof the variable, nA AOAAONn G an e € nm f Sede BFR IOS GES GS SAA aK onan ao00 C a} de de be YOeke ALGEBRA TEST Solve the fstowing protiems and choote the best answer Basic 1. 16-2 —3,ovat is che walae ofthe expresion 24aete om On ons tits. + on 2. Wart 1 =xthen x on on \ o-} ot cea o i 2 3, 1£0.5959 = 59x, then == Soot DS ooo oon Oot O10 S. S22 Set 4262-95 4. 5 = 2 Oo -10 ° 15,chea x= -3 oQ1 os Oo ww O wteets O 2-924 O Peet 8 O s-& ws : 6. tae —t and 6 ~2, has he vale ofthe ) expession 2? ~ 20b+ 2 o-s6 ) on So oa 2 ao 4 21. ab O30 om Qa on what ie the vale of the expresion Oo 0) > ARNO ODA. & c ¢ iamanene: bet be be &..O. 26.6, 8. 10. Whar isthe value of the expresion tay + 7? when z= Zand y= 2 o-n ons Oz o4 os What is che value of ifeb + ec 21 and b+ ¢= 72 o- o- Oo Oo: OQ: Ifa 2,6 —1 and ¢= 1, which of the following is (are) sue? Lotbte=2 Uh 2a bem ML dem b4e=8 O Tony O Mon S Landi only O Lind I only S AMtand 1m Intermediate Ute yay then ZL zy oO. oct Qo Oo- O2 Os 1B, Foralzandy (e+ NY-+1) — Dayrayti Qatt exept OS ap-t OnE -y=Miike 14 ite producs of 4S,and q 8 equa tothe product of 17, Yn the equation me F 5= 30012 Oo Wee2 S: py and 2 and py # 0, what is the valve of shen 7 = 1, when is dhe value of = when y the gvoseat 2 o- 1 on 5 O2 : o1 c ae Oo: of oO. we i ~ 2 sist OF 18. SED a8 + gihen = i ot : on gy ; oo J xt3 o3 “y! as, 22S ea +35 Bythen = : = On ost wie o-2 dO ‘ ar ty on 4 “oOo 19..(2 + P(A — P= ai oO -4¢5 7 4 1 = oo ‘d 16. Which of the following is equivalent co S eat get eet OP Ow OS 3 + oe FD Oo Se DTD O36 DEAD ale + 6+ O32 + 18+ TI> OO ae af esmtye te ye im 20, Ise = Sand y= 4, then 75 5 ak xy t 2 ry k On ; 2 ~ > 2 ert 5S ae xe . On eG aay b 7 ot ¢ ou . : ~G 2A, tC mn is dened by the equadon ne] Advanced ae 26 See eh 2 AEE forall namie mand m 2A. Wate 0, then SA ES c ake then SAY = é athe ot i. ostite f oj ote O3 ast 2 oe ol eae SD date = oo DS Bake ae 2 iets Oe e ee 12. The expreion 27 ~ 6 will ed 0 when & cc ; 4 25, Ify>0and3y-2= 5 Ct equals which of the fellowing? wre er! o-3 ot: cy 2 : Ook O75 8 C; 7 oF D 1 ; “CR Of o1 e i Oc is. os (o4 2 Of-*1 oO;