He Evaporation Technology \ > FALLING FILM EVAPORATOR >» FORCED CIRCULATION EVAPORATOR > MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR > WIPED FILM EVAPORATOR > AGITATED THIN FILM EVAPORATOREvaporation is a major energy intensive operation in any processing plant - be it Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food and dairy Product characteristics, operational & several other variables play a role in design selection of the evaporator system, so that an optimum solution must be worked out, balancing the process requirements and life cycle costs. Evaporators are used for concentration or crystalization of liquids. n most ofthe cases evaporators are used to increase the solid contents of the liquid product prior to drying. This is a cost effective method of removal of moisture. Depending on the numberof effects used in an evaporator the quantity of water evaporated per kilogram of steam increases. In case of multiple effect evaporators, steam jetejectors or thermo compressors are used to increase the thermal efficiency. ‘An evaporator consists of ether plate type or shell and tube type heat exchanger. The liquid feed is passed through the heat exchanger and indirectly heated withthe help of steam. This operation is either done at atmospheric pressure orunder vacuum. Evaporation under vacuum is most energy efficient and also ensures that the product does not get over heated. The different ‘types of evaporators ae: © FALLING FILM EVAPORATOR FORCED CIRCULATION EVAPORATOR @ MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR e WIPED FILM EVAPORATOR @ AGITATED THIN FILM EVAPORATOR www.chemdist.inFalling film evaporator The faling-flm evaporator is the simplest and most commonly used type of film-evaporator in which the liquid flows under gravitational force asa thin film on the inside of heated vertical tubes and te resulting vapour normally flows co-currently with the liquid in the centre ofthe tubes. A complete evaporator stage consists ofthe evaporator, a separator to separate the vapours fromthe residual quid, and a condenser. Where high evaporation ratios are required, part of the concentrated liquidis recycled back to the evaporator inlet in order to ensure thatthe tubes are sufficiently wetted. An essential part of every falling film evaporator is the liquid distribution system since the liquid feed must not only be evenly distributed to all the tubes, but also form a continuous on the inner circumference of the tubes. Use of falling fim evaporator with multiple effects ensures high energy efficiency &is ideal for concentration of heat sensitive products, with low scaling tendency Advantages + High heat transfer coefficients + Short residence times onthe heated surface + Low pressure drops + Suitability for vacuum operation Applications Milk += Dye intermediates += Distillery Waste Water Effluent with low TSS, ete, + Chemical, Food, PaperindustryForced Circulation Evaporators used for the concentration of high viscous material and products with higher solids. Whenever we are dealing with concentration problems involving solutions of high viscosities, of scale forming tendencies forced circulation evaporators are used, It consist ofa circulating pump, a separating space, an evaporator body with a vapour outlet at the top, a deflector plate, an ‘outlet for discharge of thick liquor and an external heating surface. A centrifugal pump forces liquid through the tubes at high velocity and is heated as it passes through tubes due to heat transfer from condensing steam on the shell side. Boling does not take place in the tubes as they are under sufficient static head which raises the boiling point above thatin the separating space. The solution becomes superheated and flashes into 2 mixture of vapour and liquid, and two phase mixture impinges on a deflector plate in the separating space, and the vapours are removed from the top, and the liquid is returned to the centrifugal pump. Part of liquid leaving the separating space is withdrawn as concentrated liquid and make up feed is continuously introduced atthe pump inlet. Advantages * High heat transfer coefficient even with viscous material + Prevents the formation of excessive deposits due to high velocities Applications * Brine evaporation (Vacuum Salt processing) + Effluent concentration with High suspended solid + Fruits Pulp ConcentrationWiped-film Evaporators Itconsists of a vertical ube, the lower portion of which is surrounded by a jacket which contains the heating medium. The upper part ofthe tube is not jacketed more and this acts as a separator. A rotor, driven by an external motor, has blades FE e|——ontrsox which extend nearly tothe bottom ofthe tube, The liquor to be concentrated is rn picked up as it enters by the rotating blades and thrown against the tube wall. |———-tering This action provides a tin fm of iquid and sufficient agitation to give good heat transfer, even with very viscous liquids. The film flows down by gravity, becoming concentrated as it falls. The concentrated liquor is taken off at the ‘bottom by a pump, and the vapour leaves the top ofthe unit where itis passed to acondenser. Advantages + Evaporation at low operating temperature * Low maintenance + High heat transfer coefficient + Suitable for viscous liquid Application + Fats & Oil + Polymer & Resins * Chemicals * Pharmaceutical Agitated Thin Film Evaporator Agitated thin film evaporator is confined mainly to the concentration of very viscous materials and heat sensitive liquids such as gelatin, antibiotios, fruit juices, and solvent mix eto. Feed is introduced atthe top ofthe evaporator andis spread by wiper blades on to the vertical cylindrical surface inside the unit. Evaporation of the solvent takes place as the thin film moves down the evaporator wall. The heating medium normallyis high pressure steam or oil. ‘The chief advantage of an agitated thin fim evaporator is its ability to give high rates of heat transfer with viscous liquid. Application * Gelatin + Rubber Latex + Fuitjuices + AntbiotiosMultiple effect evaporator system is commonly used in large scale operation, In such a system, evaporators are arranged in series so thatthe vapour from one evaporator is used as heat source forthe next one thats operating under lower pressure and temperature, Each unitin a seriesis called as an eect. Increasing the number of effects between steam supply and condenser increases the amount of evaporation per kg of steam ‘ed tothe fist effect and also the operating cost willbe less but capital cost and repair and maintenance charges increases with increases in numberof effect. Most common method used in chemical industry for feeding a muttiple effect evaporatoris 1.Forwardfeed 2. Backward feed Forward feed Inthis arrangement fresh feed and steam enter from first effect. \Vaporfrom firsteffectis fedto the second effect as heating media ‘and concentrated liquor from the first effect fed to next effectin series Backward feed Inthis arrangement fresh feed admitted in ast effect and further pumped in to next effect and steam is enter from first effect. Application + Sodiumhydroxide + Ammonium Sulphate + Concentration of sugar solutions + Water removal from soaps + Removal of solvents from vegetable olls + Concentration of fabric softeners + Lignin solutions + High concentration gelatin C0 Met Fresca To condensor net astDesign, Engineering, Manufacturing & Commissioning + Design & Engineering Plant / System design is normally divided into two main steps, a process design followed by a mechanical design. The purpose of the process design is to calculate the process volumes, sizing of equipments, number of required theoretical stages, column diameter and tower height. On the other hand, the mechanical design focuses on the thickness selection based on process requirements. In Process design, process flow diagram, piping & instrumentation diagram, specifications of equipment, detailed engineering design of columns, column internals, condenser, reboller and other accessories along with operating instruction manual are prepared for the design package. Our reputation is built on our engineering capabilties. Whether basic engineering, ora detailed engineering package, in each case you will receive the technology and expertise for the entire plant from one company. Mass and energy balance calculations are prepared using the latest computer simulation programs, providing detailed analyses for different plant alternatives and thermally linked ‘configurations * Manufacture Our state-of-the-art manufacturing plant having an integrated engineering ‘capabilty is established in a 20,000 square foot of plinth area. Located at Pune, 200 km away from Mumbai, itis conveniently accessible by road, rail and air. We are capable of manufacturing various process equipments suchas distilation columns, condensers, reboler, kettles, reactors, agitators, mixers etc inthis facility * Erection and Commissioning At ChemDist, a full-ledge team of engineers is available to be at site of the client on call for erection and initial commissioning of any distillation plant designed by us. Simultaneously, operators of the client company are trained af site to run the commissioned plant afterwards and plant is handed over toclientUR Te sa Teal SP EUR ue Eee Sy Sn a Sey SEO Pr icc) Ses OST SEL SNe CM ui) BSS CU CULE SSOP US Cun Ec SUP USL Este ecg > ChemDist WISE ChemDist Process Solutions ChemDist Process Solutions INDIA Address: UK Address: Plot No. 311,Sector No. 7, PCNTDA, Ground Floor One Victoria Square Bhosari, Pune 411026, Maharashtra Birmingham, B1 18D, UK Tel. :02066301800/12 —Tel.: 0121 616 0166 info@chemaist.in www.chemdist.in