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    11 views5 pages

    Centrifugal Pump Selection Article

    Uploaded by

    Shad

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    i Ea | | ~ Assessing Centrifugal ! Apump must suit the ump VS ems system, not the other way around ‘Scott Mansfield ee Consultant Mavinur sachet =i ssoetiTe HL : Operating level. = Building | 1 important job we are offen sum ! tasked with is assessing the op- oy Al eration ofa centrifugal pump in eat fa given situation. Oa some oo ay t sions we will be asked to size a new [ie eet pump for a given application. Other FIGURE 4. Ono of the times we might be asked to find out ‘most common pumping why a pump system is not behaving as hhad been hoped. Finally, we might be asked to change something in a pip- ing system, perhaps a control valve or a spray nozzle, and we want to make isa) configurations Is forthe (Wetl=20) transfer of liquid from a low ration. The system 1 discussed in the text CASE sure the pump continues to perform | [Design flow rae | 280 gpm. contolled (average flowrate on flowshoets) ae oe these tasks weal ree | [Mexia aw rate | 10-9pm, conionea take a look at the basie How require. | [ Discharge tne 4904. dnchudes equlvalont lengths for fitings) ments of the most. common pumping | [Suction ine ‘éhx in indhides equivalent length or fitings). Frmggeration namely, the transier & | [Supply evel high | 16 #above suction tlevation. Thon we ll have a cose | [SpYVIeveLiow <1 | SWaboveweton TT look at this same system for a better | [Pump elevation | 1,000, above mean sea level understanding of what is going on. Next we will have a brief view of one | sider the proposed system shown in | exit are taken as one velocity head. Be- other pumping system to appreciate | Figure 1. A manufacturing operation | cause length of pipe already includes how a similar pump will respond to a | on a hill requires water from a source | allowances for fittings, fittings are not different application. Finally, we will | down the hill. The supply water origi- | listed separately. quickly cover some aspects of pump | natesin a treatment plant and is tobe | We are now ready for the first esti- protection, accumulated in a storage tank at the | mate of control valve friction. bottom of the hill. From there it will | Control valve: Because the head tank Case 1: the basics bbe pumped up the slope (70 ft vertical | is operatod at a constant level a level ‘The starting point in pump analy- | rise) to the base of the structure, and | control valve is employed, as shown in sis should be to establish the system | then vertically upward tothe discharge | Figure 1. We note in Table 1 that both characteristic, or system curve. The | point in the side of a small constant- | the average and the maximum flow- system curve is the curve that would | head tank. The design parameters are | rates must be lower than the flowrate result from plotting pressure drop ver- | given in Table 1, Control-valve param- | corresponding to the wide-open con- sus flow with the pump absent. The | eters are not included; they are listed | trol valvo. This is because a wide-open. ‘main reason for starting here is that | separately below. Note that the level | control valve is not controlling, yet the ‘the curve defines what is required of | of water in the supply tank varies. | specification in Table 1 is for the maxi- ‘the pump. The pump must suit the | Our calculations begin with an es- | mum flowrate to be controlled. system; not the other way around. | timate of friction losses in the piping | To get started, we will assume a con- Jt doesn’t make sense to examine a | for the maximum controlled flow (810 | trol-valve size and valve position (per- pump catalog or to contact a pump | gpm). A breakdown of the losses is | contage open) for the 310 gpm case; 1 vendor until this easy task has been | given in Table 2. To save time, we use | then we will do some caleulations and carried out. the tables in Cameron Hydraulic Data | review the results, Looking in a ran- System curve: As an example, con- ' (I). Individual losses for entrance and | dom (or old) control-valve catalog, we 34 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WHWWICHE.COM AUGUST 2005 "aT FRITON LSSES aT sv GEM CWTTHOUT WANES Description Loss toss, [vttls (velocity heads) Tnirance fo suction tne, 190 038 a7 2 Suction line 023 497 ‘S.Dischargeling To ese gat “4. Discharge fo head fonk 1.00 0.95 781 Z Sum: 2a Tae 2. opm Ht 117 Tonle, a7 50 fossa [o2sa [tier joo farsa [air [1s so [6792 [2650 | 126.4 200 fie far [1a 260 [va02 [7362 [1423 300 [2553 [ 1040 | Ysa 0 [ara farsa [155 ‘3607 Saar [rau [1687 oo [4423 [veea | 1800 FIGURE 2. The = ‘curve for Case 1 fg shown here for a maximum controlled flowrate of 310 gpm (control valve 90% hhome in a 4-in, equal-percentage valve ‘that, at 310 gpm, would operate about, 909% open. This is acceptable for the moment, so we set about calculating a system curve with the valve 90% open, ‘To obtain the pressure drop across the control valve we use the equation for the valve coefficient, ey = Q(ep.grlAPyu a where Qs flowrate gpm), sp.gr-is spe- cific gravity of the fluid (water sp.gr. = 1D, and AP is pressure drop across the valve (psi). ‘The c, given in the vendor catalogue for the 90% open, d-in. valve is 140. We rearrange Equation 1 and (keeping in mind that in this case, sp.gr. = 1) cal- culate AP from, AP = (Qle,)2= (810/140)? = 4.90 psi which is 11.82 feet of water. To obtain the total system friction loss, Hy, we add the values for piping plus valve: Hyj= 2114+ 11.82 = 88.46 HO ‘To build the rest of the curve, data for pipe friction for other flows were taken from Cameron [i] and compiled ‘open, maximum static head) in the same manner as with Table 2. ‘Valve friction for these flows was esti- mated by AP = 11,2(@/310)2. Several flowrates were selected for flows from 0 t0 400 gpm. For each flow a value of He was calculated. Since the system cufve includes static head as well as friction head, we add 117 ft to each of the friction values. Table 3 lists the results, Total head versus flowrate is, plotted in Figure 2. This is the system curve for the ease where the control valve is 90% open, required static head is highest (low level in the sup- ply tank), and flow is at the maximum controlled rate. Before looking at how the pump fits into this analysis; we will exam- ine the system curve some more. To start with, imagine Figure 1 without the pump (and with the control valve 90% open). Without a motive force, the flow would be zero, and the level in the discharge leg would be at the same level as the liquid in the storage tank. Imagine applying air pressure slowly in the supply tank, The level in the discharge leg would slowly rise until reaching the control level of the head tank. During this process, the flowrate would be quite-small, and the friction Joss would be negligible. This part of the system curve, coincides with the vertical axis (Q = 0) up to 117 fof water If the (imaginary) air pressure on the storage tank is fixed at 117 fe (60.7 psi), flow wil stop, ie. Q= 0. Ifthe air pressure is increased to 117 + 38.46 ft = 155 ft of water, low will oecur at the ‘maximum design rate: Q = 310 gpm. Obyiously, if the pressure is increased even more, the flow will increase cor- respondingly. Our curve goes out to nearly 350 gpm, well beyond the range of interest. This is our first analysis of the system curve. Pump curve: Now we go through a similar exorcise (using another random ‘or old catalog) for determining a plau- sible pump curve. We select = pump that at 1,750 rpm will deliver about 450 gpm. Our system conditions fit into the center of the range of service

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