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CYBER SECURITY CAREER GUIDE

Start your career | Develop new skills

IN THIS GUIDE
} WHAT IS CYBER SECURITY?
Learn how cyber security
affects your everyday life and
why more professionals are needed.

} TYPES OF CAREERS
Learn about the different roles you can play.

} WHO IS HIRING?
Find out where your career can take you.

} CAREER PATHWAYS
See how the path you choose leads to different career
options.

} WHERE TO GO TO SCHOOL
Find out where you can get the education you need to
start your career or develop new skills.

} WORKING AT CANADA’S NATIONAL CRYPTOLOGIC

AGENCY
Find out why a career at the Communications Security
Establishment (CSE) may be right for you.

Hi, my name is Christine Beauchamp, and I
am the Director of Client Engagement and
Incident Detection at the Canadian Centre
for Cyber Security (within CSE).
When I graduated from the University
of Ottawa with a degree in Sociology
to combine with my degree in Russian
translation, I did not see myself working
in cyber security. But, just as quickly as
technology advances, career options and
educational pathways grow.
In the following pages, you will find
information on the cyber security field and
the many educational paths that can lead
you to your dream job. I hope this guide
helps you find the path that best suits your
interests—one that makes you want to get
out of bed in the morning.
Whichever stream you choose, you will be
making a difference by helping strengthen
Canada’s digital safety and security.
Whether you write code, set up equipment,
design infrastructures, or train the next
generation, you are helping to secure our
future.
Good luck! I can’t wait to see where your
path takes you.
WHAT IS CYBER SECURITY?
Many teams worked together to create this guide from the
comfort of their homes. Amid a worldwide pandemic, we
managed to keep working. To create. To move forward. To
communicate.
But the COVID-19 pandemic did not bring out the best in
everyone. There were unscrupulous people trying to take
advantage of Canadian citizens. Our healthcare systems were
targeted. Criminals were looking for Canadians’ names, SINs,
addresses, birth dates, and banking and credit card information.
Criminals tried to trick Canadians into clicking on links that
would take them to malicious websites. The links were sent
via text messages, emails, and social media apps. Once on the
website, malicious code would start downloading onto devices
to steal personal information.
Stop for a minute to think about all the things you do on your
phone, tablet, or laptop. Do you do your banking online? Do
you have a mobile wallet? Do you chat on social media or send
pictures to friends? Do you have your assignments stored
there?
Wouldn’t it be nice if you could go online and not worry about
criminals trying to steal your money or identity?
That is what cyber security is. It is the constant pursuit
to secure our information systems, the data on them,
and the services they provide. It is about protecting the
systems that all Canadians rely on like healthcare, banking,
telecommunications, energy, and transportation. It is about
protecting businesses big or small.
Cyber security is about securing our future.
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CYBER SECURITY PROFESSIONALS
ARE…

MARK
IN DEMAND WOOFF
The number of jobs for cyber
security professionals in Canada
is growing by7% every year!1
“When you work at CSE, every day is an
opportunity to make a difference in the
world of cyber security.”

3.5 Million: the

number of vacant positions
worldwide by 2021.2

AYESHA
SIDDIQUI
WELL PAID
The annual average salary of a
cyber security professional in “At CSE, you will find yourself surrounded
2020 is $97,000 .
3
by a group of brilliant, dedicated, and
considerate experts who work towards a
common goal. Explore the phenomenal
opportunities and build a career you’ll be
DIVERSITY REQUIRED proud to call yours!”

Today’s cyber security professionals

know that the best solutions come from
diverse teams. Having people of different
backgrounds and experiences working
together on a problem creates the best,
most effective solutions. ANGELA
MCALLISTER
Diversity provides access to a greater
range of talent. It provides greater
insight into clients’ needs. It helps open
doors to new markets and helps make a
company more profitable and resilient. “My work is meaningful and helps protect
Canada. I love knowing that I’m making a
Cyber security is for everyone! positive contribution to Canada’s future.”

3
CYBER SECURITY PROFESSIONALS PROTECT THE SYSTEMS WE RELY ON
In the last 20 years, advancements in technology have changed the way people communicate, bank, shop, and pass
the time. And, despite its small market size, Canada was the third most targeted country to possible cyber attacks in
2018. The growing threat of cyber attacks has made governments and industries more aware of the need to protect
and defend the information and systems Canadians rely on. As a result, cyber security is growing as a recognizable
discipline that encompasses multiple specialities in science, mathematics, business, social sciences, and computing
and engineering faculties.

Although only a subset of businesses participates directly by producing or selling cyber security solutions or by
building or operating networks, every business uses technology to deliver its products and/or services securely and
efficiently to consumers. Cyber security, as a result, has become more important to protect the computer systems of
all businesses in all industries.

FINANCE AND BANKING GOVERNMENT

The industry maintains valuable Cyber attacks on governments are
information such as client identities, increasing daily because a successful
bank account information, financial attack provides access to large amounts
assets, and intellectual property. of private and sensitive information.

HEALTH
Systems hold sensitive patient
information and encompass medical
implant devices such as pacemakers
that may be exploitable.
TRANSPORTATION
An industry vulnerable to cyber attacks
to air and ground transportation
systems. As well, the industry holds
sensitive and valuable information such
as birth dates, and passport numbers.
COMMUNICATIONS
The industry transmits a large amount
of sensitive information such as online
retail transactions, email messages,
web-browsing activity, social media
platforms, and user’s private information.
ENERGY AND UTILITIES
An ideal target for cyber attacks on
industrial control systems to access
data or to cause physical damage to
infrastructures.

SAFETY
Emergency response teams,
law enforcement, call-center
communications-management software,
CCTV systems, interactive voice
response systems, and emergency alert
systems are all vulnerable to attack.

4
WHO IS HIRING?
Everyone!

That may be an exaggeration, but it is not far from the truth. Businesses of all kinds have proprietary information they
need to protect. They also have the personal information of their employees, clients, suppliers, and business partners
to protect.

Every online retailer, bank, school, law firm, medical facility, utility, government has information and systems that
need protection. Companies that engineer systems or new technologies, or companies that perform design work have
intellectual property that needs to be protected.

Basically, if a business uses the internet or a network to perform its tasks, it needs cyber security professionals!
Cyber security is fundamental to good business.

Private sector companies and government agencies both offer exciting career opportunities. Plus, the skills and
experience acquired in either sector are attractive to both types of employers. So, mobility from one to another is
always an option. The facts below highlight why cyber security professionals are in high demand.

Any device that is connected to the internet is vulnerable

to cyber attacks.
Worldwide, there will be ~38.6 billion devices internet-connected
devices by 2025.4
Cyber attacks happen every 39 seconds.5

WHAT DO CYBER SECURITY PROFESSIONALS DO?

The great part about cyber security is that it Cyber security professionals work in diverse fields and
encompasses many different fields. Yes, there are the perform important roles, such as:
extremely technical roles. But there are also many } Defending our nation
different fields that contribute to a business’s security
posture (how good their cyber defences are). } Securing our telecommunications infrastructure
} Safeguarding our money
As today’s companies do more of their business online, } Protecting our electrical distribution systems
the need for cyber security professionals continues to
grow. } Protecting our identities
} Ensuring our medical information remains private
Job roles can be separated into four basic categories. } Stopping ransomware attacks
Let your interests guide you when choosing a career
path. } And many more

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1. GOVERN AND SUPPORT
Manage and provide direction and
support to ensure an organization
conducts effective cyber security
work. Roles include cyber legal
advisor, policy analyst, privacy
officer, and risk analyst.
2. PROTECT AND DEFEND
Detect, prevent, respond to, and
recover from cyber incidents and
threats. Roles include cyber threat
assessor, data scientist/modeler, big
data analyst, cyber security analyst,
information security analyst,
vulnerability assessment analyst,
and penetration tester.
3. DESIGN AND DEVELOP
Develop, secure, test, and integrate
hardware, software, and systems
throughout a product’s life cycle.
Roles include security architect,
security engineer, application
developer, and secure software
developer.
4. OPERATE AND MAINTAIN
Administer, maintain, and support
to ensure effective and efficient
performance and cyber security.
Roles include network security
operator, cryptanalyst, and technical
support specialist.
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NO EXPERIENCE? NO PROBLEM.
So, you’ve decided to make the jump and enroll in a
cyber security program. Now what, you ask? “Will I be
able to find a job in the field after school if I have no
work experience in cyber security?”
The odds are in your favour. Consider this: graduates
of cyber security programs tend to be quickly
recruited by public and private sector organizations.
In fact, the shortage of cyber security professionals
is so pronounced that organizations are retraining
employees in basic cyber security skills on the job! As
a skilled graduate of a cyber security program, you are
sure to be an attractive candidate for many employers.
To increase your odds, do the following:
NETWORK
Get a LinkedIn account and start connecting with
people in the industry. Businesses post jobs there and
recruiters use it as a tool to find candidates.
UNDERSTAND THE BASICS OF IT
Understanding the fundamentals of IT, such as
administering & configuring systems, networks,
database management and coding will go a long way
towards getting your first job.
FOCUS YOUR INTERESTS
It is impossible to be an expert in all categories. Focus
on an area (e.g. networking security) and understand
it well. Think ahead 5-10 years to your dream job, then
look for an entry-level position that will give you the
right skills.
GAIN PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
Gain as much hands-on experience as possible. A co-
op position or internship will help you get a sense of IT
procedures and real-world business operations. Even
if you’re not in a program that offers these types of
positions, you can accomplish a lot with self-directed
learning. Many universities or certification authorities
offer free online resources.
CYBER SECURITY PROFESSIONALS COME FROM ALL PROGRAMS
Organizations of all kinds face a formidable task when it comes to protecting their networks and the important
information those networks store, process, or transmit. Surprisingly, the responsibility of protecting those networks
does not rest solely on the shoulders of the highly technical staff who design, operate, and maintain the networks.

EVERY EMPLOYEE HAS A ROLE TO PLAY!

Employees need to behave in a safe and cyber-secure manner. To do so, they must be trained. Therefore, learning and
teaching professionals are required to develop and deliver courses. But, what does “safe and secure manner” really
mean? Perhaps a policy analyst or a communication expert can help define the needs of the organization.

Organizations must also ensure they are compliant with the growing list of laws and standards. This points to a need
for lawyers and policy makers who understand the implications of cyber security on day-to-day operations. To hire
the people with the appropriate skills, human resources professionals must know what certifications and experience
to look for.

Similarly, effectively enforcing cyber security policies requires coordination between groups within an organization.
This requires the ability to work with diverse groups to define technical measures that have the right balance between
security and usability.

To remain cyber secure, businesses need staff that have knowledge beyond that of just computers. There is a need
for cyber security professionals who specialize in business, law, criminal justice, risk management, statistics, human
resources, social and political science, and many other disciplines. Even knowing a foreign language can help get a
job in cyber intelligence.

BOTTOM LINE
You don’t need to be highly technical or understand the inner workings of a computer to work in cyber security.
However, you do need to understand the basics of the cyber security eco-system. Many universities and colleges
offer introductory cyber security courses; take one as an elective to see if working in this field interests you. If so, try
taking more advanced courses or getting an entry-level security certification. Your institute may even offer courses to
prepare you for certification exams.

7
PATHWAYS TO SUCCESS
GET A
CERTIFICATION
Entry-Level Positions
} IT Support Specialist
} Computer Network Support
Specialist
} Junior Cyber Security Analyst
A certification is a good
way to kick start your
career.
To advance into more
senior positions, most
employers require a
bachelor’s degree or
extensive experience.
GET A COLLEGE DIPLOMA OR
GRADUATE CERTIFICATE
Entry-Level Positions
} Network Support Specialist
} Network Security Operator
} System Administrator
} Security Administrator
} Cyber Security Operations
Analyst
With Work Experience
} Penetration Tester
} Vulnerability Analyst
} Cyber Security Specialist
} IT Support Specialist
} Technical Support Specialist
} Cyber Security Supervisor
8
GET A BACHELOR’S
OR GRADUATE DEGREE
Entry-Level Positions
} IT Security Specialist
} Security Tester
} Incident Responder
} Cyber Security Operations
Analyst
} Vulnerability Analyst
With Work Experience
} Cyber Security Researcher
} Cyber Security Engineer
} Cyber Security Architect
} Digital Forensic Analyst
} Information Systems
Security Manager
} Cyber Security Manager
CERTIFICATIONS EMPLOYERS VALUE
Certifications are a great way to kick start your career as they are focused on ensuring you have the skills required
to do the job. Make sure to figure out which one will be best for your chosen career path. Below is a list of the
certifications valued by Canadian employers. Certifications can be earned through self-study or in class. Some
certification classes and exams are offered through multiple vendors and some college programs will prepare you to
write a certification exam.*

Cyber Security Fundamentals Cyber Security Nexus Practitioner

GIAC Security Essentials Offensive Security Certified Professional

CompTIA Security+ GIAC Information Security Professional

CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner GIAC Security Leadership Certification

Certified Information Systems Security Professional GIAC Information Security Fundamentals

Certified Information Security Manager GIAC Certified Perimeter Protection Analyst

Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control GIAC Certified Intrusion Analyst

Systems Security Certified Practitioner GIAC Certified Incident Handler

Certified Chief Information Security Officer GIAC Certified UNIX Security Administrator

CyberSec First Responder GIAC Certified Windows Security Administrator

Certified Secure Computer User GIAC Certified Enterprise Defender

Certified Secure Software Lifecycle Professional GIAC Certified Web Application Penetration Tester

Certified Wireless Security Professional GIAC Assessing Wireless Networks

CertNexus CyberSAFE® Global Industrial Cybersecurity Professional

Certified Ethical Hacker GIAC Critical Controls Certification

Certified Information Systems Auditor GIAC Penetration Tester

Certified Cloud Security Professional GIAC Security Expert

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UNIVERSITIES WITH CYBER SECURITY PROGRAMS
Just as quickly as technology advances, career options and educational disciplines grow. Every year new programs
are created. If you don’t see your preferred institution on this list, be sure to check its website for new programs.*
ALBERTA
Athabasca University
Concordia University of Edmonton
Mount Royal University
The King’s University
University of Alberta
University of Calgary
BRITISH COLUMBIA
University of Victoria
MANITOBA
University of Winnipeg
NEW BRUNSWICK
Eastern College
Oulton College
University of New Brunswick
Université de Moncton
NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR
College of the North Atlantic
Graduate Certificate in Information Security (PBC-IS)
Graduate Diploma in Information Assurance
Graduate Diploma in Information Security
Master of Information Systems Assurance Management
Master of Information Systems Security Management
Certificate in Cyber Security Fundamentals
Advanced Cyber Security
Computer Science – Cyber Security Stream
Certificate in Information Access and Protection of Privacy
Bachelor of Computer Science (Security Concentration Option)
Graduate Certificate in Network Security
Graduate Certificate in Software Security
Master of Engineering in Telecommunications and Information Security
(MTIS)
Certificate in Information Assurance and Security Certificate
Diploma in Network Security Diploma
Diploma in Advanced Systems Management and Cyber Security
Diploma in System Management and Cyber Security
Bachelor of Computer Science (Cybersecurity specialization)
Master of Cyber Security
Certificat en gestion de la sécurité de l'information des entreprises
Advanced Diploma in Cyber Security - Infrastructure
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ONTARIO
Carleton University
Northeastern University
Queen’s University
Ryerson University
University of Guelph
University of Ontario Institute of
Technology
University of Waterloo
University of Toronto
York University
QUÉBEC
Concordia University
Université de Sherbrooke
Graduate Diploma in Infrastructure Protection and International Security
Master of Infrastructure Protection and International Security
Bachelor of Computer and Internet Security
Master of Science in Cybersecurity
NSERC CREATE Cyber Security
Certificate in Computer Security and Digital Forensics
MBA in Management of Technology and Innovation, Data Security and
Privacy Specialization
Certificate in Information Management, Privacy, and Access
Master of Cybersecurity Threat Intelligence
Bachelor of Information Technology Bridge
Bachelor of Information Technology Networking and Information
Technology Security
Master of Information Technology Security
Graduate Diploma in Computer Networking and Security
Bachelor of Computer Science Specialist Program in Information Security
Certificate in Cyber Security Management
Master of Engineering in Communications with focus on Identity, Privacy
and Security
Master of Information, with a Specialization in Identity, Privacy and Security
Certificate in Advanced Cyber Security
Certificate in Cyber Security
Certificate in Cyber Security Fundamentals
Bachelor of Computer Security
LLM in Privacy and Cybersecurity Law
Master of Applied Science (MASc) in Information Systems Security
Master of Engineering (MEng) in Information Systems Security
Diplôme d’études supérieures spécialisées de 2e cycle en gouvernance,
audit et sécurité des technologies de l’information
Microprogramme de 2e cycle en gouvernance, audit et sécurité des
technologies de l’information
Maîtrise en administration, concentration gouvernance, audit et sécurité
des technologies
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COLLEGES WITH CYBER SECURITY PROGRAMS
Just as quickly as technology advances, career options and educational disciplines grow. Every year new programs
are created. If you don’t see your preferred institution on this list, be sure to check its website for new programs.*

ALBERTA
Allison College Diploma in Information Technology and Cyber Security
Bow Valley College Certificate in Cybersecurity
CDI College Certificate in Cyber Security Specialist
Northern Alberta Institute of Certificate in Core Security+
Technology
Certificate in Enterprise Security
Certificate in System Security
Robertson College Diploma in Network Security Technician
Southern Alberta Institute of Certificate in Cyber Security for Control Systems
Technology
Certificate in Information Security Analyst
Certificate in Information Systems Security
Certificate in IT Security Certificate of Achievement
QCT College Diploma in Cyber Security Specialist

BRITISH COLUMBIA
British Columbia Institute of Certificate in Forensic Investigation - Digital Forensics and Cybersecurity
Technology Option
Certificate in Network Administration and Security Professional (NASP)
Diploma in Industrial Network Cybersecurity
Bachelor of Computer Systems - Network Security Administration
Bachelor of Computer Systems - Network Security Applications
Development
Bachelor of Forensic Investigation - Digital Forensics and Cybersecurity
Bachelor of Computer Systems, Network Security Applications
Development
Okanagan College Certificate in Blockchain

MANITOBA
Manitoba Institute of Trades and Diploma in Network Security
Technology
Diploma in Cyber Defence and Cloud Administration
Red River College Diploma in Post-graduate diploma in Information Security

12
NEW BRUNSWICK
New Brunswick Community College
Post-graduate Diploma in Information Technology: Cybersecurity
Diplôme en Réseautique et sécurité Informatique
Diplôme en Cybersécurité
Master of Cyber Security

NOVA SCOTIA
Nova Scotia Community College Diploma in Cyber Security
Diploma in IT Systems Management and Security

ONTARIO
Algonquin College Diploma in Computer Systems Technology - Security
Centennial College Certificate in Cybersecurity
Collège La Cité Diplôme en Technologie de l'information - Sécurité informatique
Conestoga College Certificate in Network Security Investigations
Certificate in Cyber Security
Certificate in Computer Application Security
Certificate in Information Technology Network Security
Durham College Certificate in Information Systems Security – Computers and Networking
Fanshawe College Diploma in Cyber Security
Certificate in Information Security Management
Certificate in Network and Security Architecture
Fleming College Diploma in Computer Security and Investigations
George Brown College Certificate in Network Security Fundamentals Certificate
Certificate in Information Security Management Certificate
Certificate in Network and System Security Analysis
Georgian College Certificate in Information Systems Security
Humber College Certificate in Cyber Crime Specialist
Lambton College Certificate in Cyber Security and Computer Forensics
Certificate in Cyber Security
Certificate in Cyber Infrastructure Specialist
Loyalist College Certificate in Cyber Security
Mohawk College Diploma in Computer Systems Technology - Network Engineering and
Security Analyst
Certificate in Cyber Security Analytics

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Sault College Certificate in Network Architecture and Security Analytics
Certificate in Cyber Security – Canadian Context
Seneca College Bachelor of Informatics and Security
Certificate in Cyber Security
Certificate in Cyber Security and Threat Management

Sheridan College Bachelor of Applied Information Sciences (Information Systems Security)

Certificate in Cybersecurity - Legal and Ethical Policies and Procedures
Certificate in Cybersecurity Foundations
Willis College Diploma in Cyber Security Analyst

QUEBEC
Collège Ahuntsic
Cégep de l'Outaouais
Cégep de Saint-Hyacinthe
Cégep de Sherbrooke
Cégep Garneau
Cégep Limoilou
Cégep Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Collège de Bois-de-Boulogne
Collège de Maisonneuve
Collège LaSalle
Collège Lionel-Groulx
Collège Montmorency
Collège Rosemont
HEC Montréal
Heritage College
Attestation d’études collégiales (AEC) - Réseautique et sécurité
informatique
Diplôme d’études collégiales (DEC) - Techniques de l’informatique - Profil
réseaux et sécurité
DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Programmation et sécurité
DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Réseaux et cybersécurité
DEC en Techniques de l’informatique - Réseaux et cybersécurité
AEC en Cybersécurité et sécurité intégrée
AEC en Cyberenquête
DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Gestion des réseaux
AEC d’Administration des réseaux et sécurité informatique
AEC en Sécurité informatique et réseautique
DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Profil infrastructures et sécurité
AEC en Gestion de réseaux et sécurité des systèmes
DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Infrastructure et sécurité des
réseaux
DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Gestion de réseaux et sécurité
AEC en Administration des réseaux et sécurité informatique
Techniques de l’informatique - Spécialisation: Réseaux et sécurité
informatiques
AEC en Microprogramme de perfectionnement en sécurité des réseaux
DEC en Techniques de l'informatique - Profil réseautique: sécurité et
virtualisation
Certificat en analyse de la sécurité de l'information et des systèmes
AEC in Microsoft Network and Security Administrator

14
Institut supérieur d'informatique
Polytechnique Montréal
SASKATCHEWAN
Saskatchewan Polytechnic
AEC in Computer Networks and Security
AEC en réseaux informatiques et sécurité
Certificat en Cyberenquête
Certificat en Cyberfraude
Certificat en Cybersécurité des réseaux informatiques
Undergraduate microprogram in Networking and Security
Microprogramme de 1er cycle en Cyberinvestigation
Microprogramme de 1er cycle en Réseautique et sécurité
Post-graduate Certificate in Cyber Security
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WORK AT CANADA’S NATIONAL CYBER CENTRE
The Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (Cyber Centre) is Canada’s authority on cyber security. As part of the
Communications Security Establishment (CSE), we have been at the cyber security game for over 70 years. We are
trusted experts in cyber security with a clear and focused mandate to collaborate with government, the private sector
and academia. We are hackers, builders, creators, developers, researchers, and scientists. We live cyber security
every day. We offer a perspective and insight that isn’t available to the same degree anywhere else in Canada. We
make Canada a safer place to be online.

A CAREER THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE CANADA-WIDE STUDENT PROGRAM

Canadian networks and systems face cyber threats At CSE we hire students from all over Canada: last
every day, and with the help of our very skilled and summer we had 209 students.
talented employees (like you), CSE works to prevent
and eliminate To apply for a student work term, you do not need
} Cyber Criminal Activities, Identity theft, Extortion, to be in a formalized co-op program. You must be
Blackmail, Theft a full-time student who is either registered as a
student during the work term or returning to school
} Terrorists Activities, Radicalization, Recruitment, immediately following the work term.
Fund Raising, Destruction
} Insider Threat (Employees), Disgruntlement, HOW CAN I APPLY?
Financial Gain, Espionage
To become part of our team, apply online at
www.cse-cst.gc.ca/en/careers-carrieres
WHY WORK AT CSE?
CSE has been named one of Canada’s Top Employers CAN YOU CRACK THE CODE?
for Young People in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 and
was also selected as a Top Employer in the National Try our puzzle challenges at www.cse-cst.gc.ca/en/
Capital Region in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018 and 2020. puzzles-enigmes or check out our Twitter account
Besides offering meaningful work that protects (@CSE_CST) for new puzzles.
Canada and Canadians, and the chance to work with
some of the most advanced technologies in the world,
we offer
} Competitive wages and benefits, including a
defined benefit pension plan
} Education programs to help employees complete
a degree or professional accreditation
} Specialized in-house training programs
} Telework options, which enable you to work from
anywhere in Canada
} Work-life balance with flexible hours and paid
vacation starting at 15 working days annually, as
well as additional personal paid days-off

16
NOTES
* If an institution or organization believes it has a program or certification that should be added to any the lists in this
guide, please email contact@cyber.gc.ca

REFERENCES
1 https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ca/Documents/risk/ca-cyber-talent-campaign-report-pov-
aoda-en.PDF

2 https://www.herjavecgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/HG-and-CV-The-Cybersecurity-Jobs-
Report-2017.pdf

3 https://neuvoo.ca/salary/?job=Cyber%20Security

4 https://www.strategyanalytics.com/access-services/devices/connected-home/consumer-electronics/reports/
report-detail/global-connected-and-iot-device-forecast-update

5 https://www.securitymagazine.com/articles/87787-hackers-attack-every-39-seconds

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