Machine Design Home » Courses ® Courses Under Retoment (Version 20)» UG Courses -Agrcutura Engh DESIGN OF COTTER JOIN 1g (Verson 2.0) © Machine Dasign » MODULE 3.» LESSONS LESSON 9, DESIGN OF COTTER JOINT 9.1 Introduction Machine Design| Cotter joint is used to connect two rods subjected to axial tensile or compressive loads. It is not © Partipants suitable to connect rotating shafts which transmit torque, Axes of the rods to be joined should be Genet collinear. There is no relative angular movement between rods. Cotter joint is widely used to connect the piston rod and crosshead of a steam engine, as a joint between the piston rod and the tailor pump +od, foundation bolt etc. Lessons xNUORLE Colter Joint has mainly three components ~ spigot, socket and cotter as shown in Figure 9.1. Spigot is Sow formed on one ofthe rods and sockets formed on the other. The socket and the spigot ee provided with Lessons a narrow rectangular slot. The cotter tightly ited in this shot. Spigot its inside the socket and the cotter DEBION OF sparse through both the socket and the spigo. A clter is a wedge shaped piece made of tel pat. It cores tas uniform thickness and the width dimension is glven a slight taper. Taper is usually 1 in 24 and NROCUCTON | provides mainly two benefits: 1) cotter becomes tight inthe slot dus to wedge action, This ensures TO WELDED ‘tightness of the joint in operating conditions and prevents loosening of the parts. ii) Due to its taper shape. vos it is easy to remove the cotter and dismantle the joint. besten oF The construction of cotter joint, used to connect two rods subjected to tensile force P is shown inthe ‘onts figure, When the cote is inserted into the sot, the central portion of cotter comes in contact ith spigot tesson 12 and the spigot gets pushed into the socket tl the eller ofthe spigot comes in contact with the collar of NTRODUCTIN Socket AS shown inthe figure, finaly the cotter i in contact with the spigot on one side having some Poreespen clearance with the socket sot and is in contact with the socket onthe other side having tome clearanceLESSON 13 ‘with the spigot slot. Clearance provided is generally 1.5 to 3 mm, Cotter gets locked because of the Ticenoco fiietional force of the contacting surfaces we Advantages of Cotter Joint onus. ~ Simple to design end manufacture, moDu.es. oDu.e ~ Simple to assemble and dismantle moouLe ~ Very high tightening force due to wedge action, which prevents loosening of pars in sevice. woos e ry high igtening to wedge action, which prevents loosening of pat MODULE. courses scour sion gh 2558 a0Pure 9.1 Coter Join 9.2 Design of Knuckle Joint Notations Usedd= diameter of each rod (eam) 41 = outside diameter of socket (mm) y= diameter of spigot or inside diameter of socket (mm) ds = diameter of spigot-collar (mm) dg. = diameter of socket-collar (mm) listance from end of slot to the end of spigot on rod-B (mmm) b =mean width of cotter (mm) wxial distance from slot to end of socket collar (mm) thickness of cotter (mam) ty = thickness of spigot collar (mm) 1 =Tength of cotter (mm) Assumption for stress analysis of Cotter Joint = The rods are subjected to axial tensile fore. ~The effect of stress concentration due to holes is neglected + The force is uniformly distributed in different parts Free body diagram of forces acting on three components of the cotter joint (socket, cotter and spigot) are shown in Figure 9.2 scour sion gh 2558 a0Figure 92 Free Body Dingrams of Different Components of Kale Jin subjected to Tene Land In order to find out various dimensions of the parts of a cotter joint, failures in different parts and at Area ofthe weakest section of socket resisting tensile ure = \ileft[ {\frac{\pi }{4}(d_1°2 - d_2*2) - Meft( {{d_1} - {d_2}} = Soa 7 sla 9 “Tensile Stress in the Socket = ‘Shear Failure of Spigot End: ‘igare 9.4 Tene Fallar of Socket, The spigot end is subjected to double shear, Total area that resists the shear failure ~ 2a == Shear Suess in the socket = ei P 2(ad,) a Figure 9.5 Shear Failure of Spigot ‘where [\\tau\) = allowable shear stress forthe material selected, ‘Shear Failure of Socket End: The socket end is subjected to double shear. ‘Total area that resists the shear failure ~ 2\[ef( {{d_4} - {d_2}) \sight)e\) =e Tae ‘Shear Stress in the socket ‘Cushing Failure of Spigot End: sounding 25518 wo‘Area under crushing \[= ftext{t}}{(text{d}}_2)\) + stress = eine “gy & [al comings — Ae ‘where [4,] = allowable compressive Ltet= | stress forthe material sclected, Crushing F socket B igre 9.7 Crnking Faber of Spent ‘Area under crushing \[> eR {{d_4} ~ {d_2}) \right)\ Figure 96 Shea Fall Socket > cee Crushing Stress, ‘Shear Failure of Spigot Collar ‘Area of spigot collar that resists the shear failure ~ Vip] dt) Pos td Shear Stress in the socket= #4 Causing Failure of Spigot Collar ‘Area of spigot colar under crashing = tact) (4)(d_3°2 ; a 72n Sue " gee 59 Aesop Cola Reig Semtine = EGeaH [eed Cushing Stress ~ a sear Cat ‘The cotter is subjected to double shear. ‘Total area of cotter that resists the shear failure sounding 25518 m0Shear Stress inthe pin = "7 eS Fl Bending Failure of Comer ‘When the cotter is tight in the socket and spigot, failure occurs {due to shear, but when itis loose, itis subjected to bending ‘moment as shown in figure, between cotter and spigot end is 4 uniformly distributed and a ‘uniformly varying between the socket end and cotter. Maximum Bending Moment (at ma centre) = \[M = \Vrac(P} (2)\ten FigareOAl Shear File of Cotter {act { (423) 12} + Figure 910 Crashing Area a Spigot Collar rac {{d_4} - {d_2}}} (6}) Wright) - frac {P}(2}\lett {frac {fal 2})} {43} eight) IF rac (P} (2}\leR frac {fd_2})} {4} + Afrme ({a_4} - (d_2})}(6)} Might) Maximum Bending Stross inthe cotter = Es y-*2< fel where, = frac ({t(b°3}}} {(12} Jandy = frac (b} {2)\) 9.2.2 Design Procedure for Cotter Joint scour sion gh 2558Procedure to determine various dimensions of cotter joint is as follows! i) Calculate the Diameter of each rod using [fact ftext(P}}} {(ftae pi 344} {42} = Weft \sigmalright)] ii) Calculate thickness of cotter using empirical relation \(t = 0,314\] ) Calculate diameter of the spigot on the basis of tensile stress [fact text(P)}} | (eR| {Meactipi } {4}d_2°2 - {4_2}t) wight)}} = Weft sigmalright)) iv) Calculate outside diameter of the socket on the basis of tensile stress ‘Pifrac{{text{P}}} {MERE {iFaefipi }{4}(4_1°2 - d_22) - WeR( {6d_1} ~ {424} wight) Wright} } = eR \sigmalright}] erste -y) Diameter of spigot collar, dy and diameter of socket collar, dy are determined using empirical relations d= 15danddy= 2.44 vi) Dimensions a and ¢ are also determined using empirical relations a= ¢ = 0.75 d, vii) Caleulate width of cotter by shear and bending consideration and select the width which is ‘maximum, \\faet {\text{P}}}{{2bt}} ~ eR Mauiright)\] and \(\rae{{My}} ({1}} ~ lft \sigmalright)\) n the spigot end, viii) Check the crushing and shear stresses ° £ [og] and t crushing Ccrasing = aap § (el md = aes You ar curany ning pte aces (09) Maine Ose sonnet p28