—— FUN WITH =" CHINESE CHARACTERS The Straits Times Collection (2) Cartoonist: Tan Huay Peng eo FEDERAL PUBLICATIONS ‘Singapore + Kuala Lumpur + Hong KongPublished for The Straits Times by Federal Publications (S) Pte Ltd © 1982 Federal Publications (S) Pte Itd Times Jurong 2 Jurong Port Road Singapore 2261 First published 1982 Reprinted 1982, 1983(twice), 1985(twice), 1986 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. ISBN 9971 4 6073 4 Printed by Chong Moh Offset Printing Pte. Ltd.PREFACE This book is for those who enjoy the imaginative and humorous interpretations of Chinese characters seen through the discerning eye of a cartoonist. It is the sequel to Fun with Chinese Characters Volume 1 which has met with gratifying success. As in Volume 1, the 153 cartoons first appeared as a regular feature in The Straits Times Bilingual Page. They introduce systematically the radical elements and their compounds, together with related or associated characters. Have more fun, then, with Chinese characters! iiiRRRPBSXsse ISSR HARA VALE BH SY D & o> ww oe ae 3a cong xin 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 35 36 37 39 4 42 a 45 47 48 49 50 51 52 CONTENTS wen a wen ob aR AD BE Z E i 5 Usearod 33 55 56 57 58 59 61 62 63 64 65 67 69 70 a n 74 15 16 7 8 BR 5g BRUNA RARRES =r ae chou ” f& xtong ka 80 % ta fa 81% yuan ta 82 i yi shod 33 fi sha you 84 cuan kudng. 85 He que fan 36 HE ii hen 37 och lang 88 %X shuang shi 39 it jin mao 90 show ma 91 4% iido ai 92 ME nan xén 93 a lus 94 Mi luo 9s FS it chudng 96 FH ya la 97 89 ge chén F qing hi hii hao or hao xiang xiang105% gut 118 ZX show 131 fA feng 144 wei 106 wan 9B ga 132 48 gong 145 B luo 107 § yi 120 f& pi 133 fi, st 146 yudor le 108% long 121 iia 134 st 147 #% yao 109 ff jido 1220 xa 135 4 xian 148% xué 110 ie 123 tou 136 47 hong 149 xi8 M1 3% mio 124 sh chong 137 #8 gei 150 El yin 2 FE wei 125° aX yi 138 4 jie 151 45 sha 13 & lio 126 # feng 139 ahi 152 (i hua 114 3% pido 127° We dié 140 fi wang 153 Wf shi 1s Me pa 128 §R xia 141 4M xi 116 weior wei 129 she 142% jmng 117 4 zheng 130 4% dan 143 £& zhongHis |(H8) CONG intelligent; clever THIS character enlarges on & (excitement, haste) by adding the ear radical (H) to producef®,, ‘suggesting quickness al hearing or ideas, i.e., intelligent. he plified form inge! combines A (ear) with al, comprehensive) to convey the idea of cleverness at hearing and comprehending things generall Re, TCT TF FW i a ee een TS cong hui bright; intelligent iH cong ming intelligent He cng ying bright; clever Example fh A. Ta hin cing ming He is very intelligentTWO leafy branches (##) held in the hand (2) improvise & broom (4). By . Broom ( placed over heart (c:) clears the way,,for wit and wisdom. Hence: %. — a heart swept clean, ready to receive the proverbial counsel: “Ma: combs his hair every morning; why not his heart?” mob hui xT wisdom SiR tui yan mental discernment BE ahi hui wisdom Example te ik 7 HOR. MC de hud ing min ani tut ‘Your words are full of wisdom.IN the phonetic tut, the vertical line is doubled to indicate imperfection and deformity. The two horizontal lines (=) signity second or inferior. Pictographically, suggests twe hunchbacks facing each other, representing ugliness. 22 (ugliness) collaborates with the heart (c) to breed evil: €, stirring up in the mind the Broverbial exhortation: “See no evil; hear no evil; speak no evil; and 10 no evil.” malicious el é xin nauseating. worsen RE éyi ill-will harsh; abominable We ke wi hateful ext bad habits Example hae. Te tin ow He is very hateful.EN mercy; kindness; grace WHY is » mature man (K) confined in a cell enclosure ([])? The answer forms the character: 8 , meaning cause or reason ‘The sight of such a con: fined man may excite pity in the heart (cy, and if this feeling leads one to Mberate him, that Is grace ‘or mercy — the result of tempering reason (@) with sentiment (<:). conjugal love; loving tn rin benefactor bestow (favours, Bn yuan resentment; grievance charity, etc) tn 26 bounties bestowed Bigs dé kindness; grace by a monarch or Bat Badin favour; grace an official a hn hui favour; kindness ABS(HAR tr jidng chdu requite kindness Ae ‘ging loving-kindness bao with enmity Example th #2 -H BH KH. To-men sii yi dul tm aie fT Gt They are an affectionate couple.a A unite; join THE upper. portion of this character is inde tof three lines jeined together to form a d triangle: A, indicating “together”. The lower part is the charac- ter for “mouth”: @ . Hence: @ — three mouths (1) together (4), Le., unity and understanding — a very rare occur- rence, as the saying goes: “If three persons can agree entirely, then the ‘earth can be changed to gold.” PAAR ee Pg hé chang chorus ew hé iY reasonable; rational tik hé 8 legal; lawful Oe hé shen fit ats né 96 qualified; up to standard.) fa] hé ting contract Atk hé hud ~— form a partnership OE hé yi be to one’s liking it hé ji add up to;amount to; total | 44 hé 2u0 cooperate; work together Example he —-+* & i Hie > Te si ioe te ogee de tate He is a qualified reporter.®) QIAN unanimous; all together 4 is & coming together (Gey and persate (oe signifies er; 00 indicates the clamour of and AA nts ns, one ft another. J theretore means unanimous or all together. Colneldentaly, ing resemblance to the face frowd and, clarified by the flesh radical (A), stands for face V RARE CI we a rik qian mou plan decided by all Fil qian yi public opinion Example we- TH SK The shi yf xing. gid mv. This is a plan decided by all.2 z THIS character, dealing with time, is composed of Sand 7 (contraction of 72). 2 shows the continuity of time and unity of its three elements: past, present and future. 72 (or Zi hand (x) olding ‘a person (A), suggesting contact, Hence: 4-, the time ele- ment we are always in contact with — the present. VABBLLIT TET T TTT AE jin hou from now on Anse jin nién this year ER jin tian today ae in sheng this life +e jh xt the present and the past Se imyl modem translation Example SRM KA He Sin tid. de tian qi hn ho. The weather today is very good.‘THE components of @ are 2 (present)and <=* (heart). @ isto bring to mind the past — by means sof reading, reciting or chanting. ived meanings include thinking, studying, remembering and even wishing to revive the past, aha 3 =r = ES —__— Be & B BH nian jing recite or chant scriptures BA nian tou thought BR nian 2H beads; rosary RS gun nién sense; idea; concept Re thud nidn cherish se ji nién in memory Bite xing nian miss (someone or something) SAAR NE nian nian by wang bear in mind constantly Example eh REM Kh MS Bw > Tai wai gio gid we shi, wS hin xing, idn ma + ma. I missed my mother very much while I was studying abroad. 8TAN covet; greedy THE presence (of anything pre- cious ( @ , cowrie money) arouses the emotion of, covetousness or greed. Hencé: $f, to covet. Such greed enables.a person to gain the things money can buy and lose the things money cannot buy. wae ‘tan lén avaricious; greedy are tin to covet RS tan vi corruption ran fan xin greedy BE ‘tan Zing take bribes; practise graft REE ‘tan pidn- yi keep on gaining petty advantages BEATE _ tin shang pd si be mortally afraid of death BRFSVIA A tan wi dio ché j6 Corrupt Practices Investigation Board (CPIB) Example th 4 BM HH te i 18 ting bai Ring tah wa. He is charged in court for corruption.THE original seal torm: # showed the presence () of four gold nuggets (3{) hidden in the earth (+). The regular form reveals only two nuggots: #- In the simplified radical form, even these two remaining nuggets are missing: ¢ - However, the proverb reassures us: “True gold fears no fire.” Only thievest eye Egipatel VU AAA ARTE] fab in cng finance arts iin sé golden ei iin yb goldfish Ag bai jin ‘platinum. RE hudng jin gold SPE jnatd pyramid PRER jin tv yw it jade clothes sewn with gold thread AeRAPELS jin bi hoi hudng —-—agrand and magnificent Example fh Bok F & & KAR Ta oat han chan jm st. dei ti He likes to wear clothes of a golden colour.h Yin silver SILVER Is p consolidating. Gold) with Giard Se. Be orghntiy the eye (8) turned suddenly around (&) jook @ man full in the face defiantly, means “obstinate”, Compared with gold, silver Is a hard (§) metal (#), more recious than common copper. Hen e saying: lated Io, with him at death half a copper.” CUPL eae eral | | | BUR yin tai silver cup; trophy Bit yin bi silver coin HT vin ng bank ay yin the Milky Way (sky) ae yin bin silver wedding AR yin md (motion-picture) screen Re yin pat silver medal Re yin sé silvery TKR shui yin mercury Example fh 4 — ial RAT TL fe + Te wai yi jit yin hing gong. He works in a bank.TWO spears (¥) breaking gold (#) into pieces means “money”:3%. And money, taking on the viclous character of spears, means power. Ar So, when money taiks, man listens In silence and whispers: “If you are rich, you speak the truth; if you are poor, your words are but lies.” QIAN money (TEER FAA Ld an aida bi coin eo isn tio wallet; purse eet isn cdi wealth Bae qian gui money-locker; money-box; till TARR ivan gién donate money Sek Jing gién small change Wi es, zhuan gidn eam money Example KRFRSE DR? The ge shiv igo dud shio.giéne How much is this watch?THIS character, was origi- nally written:4a, comp ing & (metal) an: (bite). The needle takes up, as it were, mouthfuls o cloth, biting its way along. ‘The regular form 4f has a good point, with the substi- futed phonetic + resem- bling ® threaded needle — warning us never to bite off more than we can chew, for “No needle is sharp at both ends.” FER EAL | tat hin dui directed at HR atin it acupuncture HR zien xian needlework StH atin yan the eye of a needle #ten hen zhi knitting aT a zhén an injection ‘EP RUPREF zen ci mé zi acupuncture anaesthesia Example HRA EA KH AD ° Then ji shi Zho0q Gus én 18 ming. de, Acupuncture was invented by the Chinese.$1 ($1) DING nail ORIGINALLY, ie ciara aa anefal radical CH and simpli ed to4T. T itself now stands for strong male adult or soldier for, in a sense, nalls are soldiers — useful but never really Hence, the saying: “Us alls, nor not good iron to make n: ‘men soldiers.” VV FERRE TT TT TTT He ing chui hammer <0 ding mao the head of a nail ae ing pa (iron-toothed) rake 1A ing rén watch (or mark) an opponent in a game eTRE ing xié spiked shoes NF ing - 21 nail RETF ping ding zi meet with a rebuff BRET — yn zhong ding thorn in one's flesh Example RBK — HW ee WS xidng mdi yi bd ing hui. I wish to buy a hammer.PR # Is a pictograph of a one-leated | door, and constitutes the radical part of numerous characters | relating to doors and spaces. It is also symbolic of the house and |f family. The hinge of the ancient door was a vertical beam acting as a pivot; and because of its © in the saying: “The hinge of door Ia never crowded ‘with in Pa hi kd household; (bank) account Fag hd wai outdoor PE hi zhi head of a family fer ahd ho occupants every household Example fh HK P Hb HE wh Te af han nial tod ing He likes outdoor activities.‘THE original version was.a graphic representation of two boats lashed ( to form a square barge: 5. Thi the four regions of a square Modified to and finally ® , i Tt ‘ng bidn convenient HE fang 18 method; way wits fang gé checks Tike ‘fang general plan ra fang xidng direction BH ‘ing xing square a ‘fang yén dialect WiE ng zhéng upright Example Kika Few Ho Tne shang zhud «zi shi tang xing - de, This is a square table.F (quarey 1t indicates something squarish (3% ) with a door Cf). ie. house or arom. Viewing house and rely, one proverb draws the conclusion: “Even though your dwelling contains a thousand rooms, you can use but eight feet of space a night.” A217 7 ERR — N Bt ‘ng cng passenger's cabin in a ship Be téng chin house property Bit féng ding roof Be fing jT foundations (of a building) B3 {al fang jin = room Example th 3 Pe ee TT TS fling ting chin ty ghi yin hing He mortgaged his house to a bank BE fang ké tenant; lodger BR féng qi title deed BB ting wi houses; buildings BE féng zh —_-house-owner Pes ting di chin real estateain kati fis 2 pletopraph of an axe. iy. meaning Bigore if evebtoally be, came & standard measure ‘weight — a kati — prob- ably becsuse the anclent Balance weight or counter- polse was shaped like an Sxe-head. Handling the axe with skill te produce re- Sults requires. Initiative and personal ff Ae Jin Vidng weight Fr PTB fn jin ji jido be calculating EFT ban jin ba lidng not much to choose between the two Example KRAKR— Fe Thi hadi Shi tu hing Tf This stone weighs one kati.ition af, (oor) snd ase), 7) do thd! plsee, where tel is el Is proparod. In olden ¢ chopping of fire- wend ita he oe (1) was ar the door or fous 0 Hence: ff (axe beside ) meaning place or location. VPP ERA 1 | AEB sud bi troops under one’s command Pree sud dé Pri sub wai Pred sub yi BAR sub yéu BRE sub i PB sub zhi PLL sub yl rén PITTED FER sud xidng wi gin Example th i a He eH Te sib dé de atm fin you He earns a small salary. income; earnings what is called; so-called 30; therefore; as a result own; possess place; location be the result of the reason why be invincible ie sianaHANG E i artisan; craftsman AN artisan: & is represented by hls tool, 7. (an, axe) and his work: & (a hollowed-out log, vessel or box). The craftsman’s dependence upon his tools prompts the saying: “The workman who would do his work well should first sharpen his tools.” FPriril@l ltt ttl lt EA jidng rén artisan; craftsman ly jing tn ingenuity; craftsmanship ARE * od jidng carpenter Ale shi jiang stonemason Sia ti8 jidng blacksmith Example fh 9 TE ah hh HL Ta «de zud ping dé jd jing xin. His works show ingenuity. 20Fis represented by two hands (#8 or # ) brandishing a battle- axe (J) — symbol of the soldier. Lamenting the necessity of main- taining an army in a belligerent world, one proverb concludes: “Feed soldiers for a thousand days, to be used for one day.” PVF Ae bing bidn mutiny ting qi arms bing yi military service ‘ing ying barracks bi bing infantry ing bing engineer (soldier) shi bing soldier FRIE GAL bing huang mé Wwan turmoil and chaos of war Example the -* Hh H+ Re Te shi yt ying gin de shi ing He is a brave soldier. aTHIS ideograph suggests the proper way for a warrior to advance ( & ) to battle — with battleare (7F),im handy ie. near. Hence: 2 » meaning “near”. The ideograph for “far”: 28 combines 2_ (proceed of walk) with # (along robe, necessary for a long journey) ALDARA, LLL 1 | ee sin ai coastal waters ae Sin to close to * HEU jin kung recent development EK jin tai recently HEB jin tin neighbour HR jin gin close relatives HEM jin shit myopia BE fii jin nearby Example RR Mt ik A — fm bE o WS jit fin yu ye iia ai yuan, There is a cinema near my house. 2character; quality TWO axes (4), pols above cowrie shell ( representing something lous), are PIF lAlelaT TT TT TT | Wit, ahi di texture aOR hi 180 material 16 [0] ahi wen question WBE ahi yi query RM bin zhi innate character an Bin zhi quality; character AR én 2h hostage ER xing zhi nature; character Example kK KAR AY OR RO The yi ft - de att ido) hn ‘The material of this dress is of a high quality. 23XIN |. RODS, freshly ped from fhe hazel bas Brice Mex: ity, were once used Hosoi criminal, sometimes fo extort a confession. Hence: Ht, the symbol for “new”, indicated by the hazel rods (3) and the axe (ff). we Xin bing new recruit ey xin qi strange; new;novel rhe xin hin newly-married wx xin shi new type; latest type Pres Xin téng bridegroom wil xin wen news RE Xin nin. New Year met xin xién fresh rhe xin ning bride Bak ht Xin da Ii the New World — the Americas Example Bo ee aes Me ie) ele oe The shi yt zu xin idm. de gong ching. This is a newly-built factory . 24IT (FS) MEN — door; gate JUST as symbolises a one- leafed door, so P4 represer a door with two leav Doors provide exits and trances, but not all are con- venient, as exemplified in the proverb: “The door of charity is hard to open, and hard to shut” To simplify matters, the regular door: Pq has now been stripped down to an open doorway: 7. J , a ’ {Al Ta mmén cit front tooth; incisor | [Ji mén pai house number Es mén di family status Me nén té disciple mF mén hd door me mén zhén ‘outpatient service res mén kan threshold FTAFBB ——mén shi bG sales department ma mén Kou doorway PUR mén wai han layman Example Ww) KR - Ging 08 ni ih fal Please shut the door. 25"7 |(4F4) plural sign THIS character_has A (per- son) as radical and P4 (door) as phonetic. Pi is a door with two leaves instead of one (as in 4), Clarified by the radical for person ( A), its the plural sign for nouns and pronouns, applied to people: (fq - Ui i fet AM) fein Ben Example wo) Wo + men yao We are going to see a show. ni men rén «men ta-men wo -men EH Me a kin xl you (second person plural) people; the public they; them we; us 26[rl | (Fai) WEN ask; enquire; question ENQUIRIES are often made at the door, the entrance to ® house. A’ mouth (2) at the door (P4) there- fore becomes a fitting Ideograph for ask or enquire: fj. It cai westion or interrogate, although to ioe in an officlous manner, would according to the saying, “asking the blind man the way.” (aati) fas questions and answers [aH wen ti question; problem falar send one’s regards to another person | fa] wen xUn_ inquire; ask fal question mark fa]3— wen zui denounce; condemn a} wen hou extend greetings to someone #[a] pin wen interrogate; cross-examination [a]: wen shi be published; come out ‘ifa] shén wen interrogate Example th Ra LH o Te win wb fin olén ff sul He asked for my age. 27IN this Ideograph, “ear” (4) becomes “hear” (ff) when at the door (P4). By extension fy Ce ‘iso means “news”, car (A) Is the door (4) of knowledge or information. But not #): all news obtained by rellable, as the saying goes: mews What the eat Near Is not equal to what the eye seca Wh An AMA L | ie wén ming famous HA wén rén celebrity Hi chou wen scandal cata! xin wen news Bela] yéo wen important news We i ASTi] ting’ ér bo wen turn deaf ear to {iq GAH wén feng séng dén become terror-stricken at the news (i FACLid —wén sud wei wén unheard of Example SKM MRS Jin tian de xin wén hen dud! There is so much news today! 28FF | (FA) KAI open A bat or bolt ( — ) across the door (P9)) means to shut ( P4]), Twohands (ot ) taking away the bar (— )sig- nifies to open: fi] . But there is more to the business of opening than just unbolting the door. As the proverb says: “To open a shop is easy; the difficult thing isto keep it open.” FH Kai bin set up; establish FR Kai'cdi mine; extract TR Kaithi expel FN ai jo perform a surgical operation Fah ai ding start Example mH Fe Cr Please open the door. 29 Fe Fie Frits OR ‘ai dun Kai mo kai shi vai tong ing ai beginning inaugurate; open start liberal; open-minded open (adj)FU = ey OO rich: abundant MAN created this symbol for material_ pros, rity: from id « . Spiritual wealth, ae. the ‘saying: “Riches The house; virtue adorns the aM til grand; magnificent Bie ti qiéng prosperous and strong am ti réo bountiful; fertile ar 0 shi rich and abundant Ba ti) weng wealthy man Be ti yd wealthy FHEEGREC ti gud qidng min —_to enrich the country and strengthen its people ANE tO Ni tang hudng. gorgeous; splendid Example fh Hh RZ BM He Ta. de jb ting hin fo yh His family is very wealthy. 30AMONG the ancients, the precious things under the roof (*) were jade (& or Z), earthenware (%) and money cowrle (8). Hence: #f , meaning precious, Under his roof, modern man treasurés gem or jade (%), so he simplified ¥ to’. But, in his shop, “customers are the precious things; goods are only EM bio bai treasured object; baby Sot béo gui valuable; precious al) bio jian a double-edged sword RE bio ki treasure-house aa bio shi precious stone; gem RD bio wi treasure etd b80 zing precious (mineral) deposits RE bio 208 throne Example KM EA —- Ht Tre Keo shi ahh Twn yun This gem is worth ten thousand dollars. 314 represents a ack ( ) marrod by natches (2 ); mauth (=) suggests harm caused by slander; and roof ( jury done unde oe fully realising that “he who harms others, harms himeeli”"( wx Be) Eth hai ching harmful insect | PRE chi eliminate evil Bhai ch harm Ae terrible; formidable th hai pi afraid RH ai mi calamity; disaster AR hai stv feel ashamed A hai rén chéog an evil creature; pest; vermin Shai xi bashful; shy REZ, hai qin zi mS one who brings disgrace to his group — black sheep Example EMEA RR. lio shi hii rén bi gin Mice do people great harm. 32: DING fix; decide; certain THIS character is made up of roof (**) and order (x or £). It signifies peace and order under the roof, implanting the idea of fixed, certain or de- cided: ©. Order under the roof comes before order under the heavens, although the pr states in no uncertain “It is for man to plan, but for Heaven to decide: ding can ding gu ding bin ing ji ding ja Example order form order be engaged fixed price settle down Khew Ty — Hh eee WS ding giv - te yt ling xn Thave ordered a new car. chi HE 33 ding i tiv ding jué ding Kin ding yi ding theorem deny; negative decide positive; confirm surelywin THIS ideograph places root (») over head (2). % ich is upon (= oF =) a person (A or +), a {.e., the head, erigin or principle. So, putting on the roof finish; (7) over the’ head (%) finishes (%) the building. Hence: complete z means that wi » the end. wén béi complete wan min satisfactory; successful se wan bi finish; complete won méi perfect, flawless Fen wan chéng accomplish; complete win quén whole; complete 5 win go complete the manuscript win shin perfect FEE wan jié end; be over; finish wén zhéng complete; intact Example RW BH ve Te Wo - de ving jan ying. win. te My letter-heads have been used up. 34THIS radical is a pictograph of a knife or sword. Wielded in the cause of justice, the sword protects the innocent; but brandished irresponsibly, it is double-edged. A sharp blade is likened to a person vested with too much power, and a proverb warns: "A knife that’s too sharp easily cuts the fingers.” DAO knife DE a0 bé| the back of aknife blade | JJ 4 0 pién razor blade FR 80 ch knife and fork Tt a0, qiang sword and spear; weapons Te io feng the point or edge of aknife | 744 G0 ido sheath; scabbard WR 20 ji tool carrier nF 0-21 small knife; pocketknife TA a0 ji cutting tool; tool TAL 0 24 butcher's knife and chopping block Example RN A RK +H « ‘WS +men ying 30 ch léi cht ld pd. We ate the steak with knife and fork. 35a THIS ldeoraph 1s, made, inh fy redleal (ea en- force the Idea of dividing or separating /\. It is like dividing (7S) with a knife A 1s used also for any small division, com} or partes s tlnutes mark or a cent. TH fen bié differentiate BH fen lei classify BAG fen bj be distributed ay split; break up avi fin din share responsibility — | 4d fn pai distribute; allot BH fan jié boundary OFM fen gi by stages ONE fin jo live apart at fen 7 analyse OH fon Kai separate; part ae guing g80 classified advertisements Example REE WAAL Ge Wo yo 6g yi 2d fen lub oho I want to place a classified advertisement. 36ui benefit; gain APPLYING the sickle: 4 an variant of 27 )to the suggests reaping the ier a Profit, benefit 0 tf Otten two partes qu third party reaps: the harvest. When the oyster and the heron fight, the saying goes: “The fisherman benefits.” ( mame. asen) 7 [Z CE le ela TT F FAM Pros and cons Ae terrible; formidable AIRE rate of interest Al | profit AL interest Alla interest: benefits A utilise; make use of AM sharp claws Example XR RT OH A RB The id yin hing deh hén ga. ‘The interest rate of this bank is very high. 37BI | seo depart THE primitive form of this character combined Trey i Be bié hao alias alet big zhen safety pin; pin; brooch BBS bié Ii leave aK bié zhi unique wa bi ming another name WE wrongly written words AUK bié rén other people AUR try to be different ase bié shi villa BIA—F bid jU gé having a unique style Example th oe SF Ta ching ching xié bié zi. He always writes the wrong words. 383 Is a radical representing a Chinese bow: B - The ancient form shows it bent or vibrating: |g. ;, Drawing the string Q] of the bow (2). produces the characte meaning to. pall, guide or Introduce. Though the bow isa lethal weapon for offence and defence, the proverb counsels: “Draw your bem, but don’t shoot” eB ee Sat jong jin bow and arrow Bx ging -xidn bowstring Bw ging Xing arch-shaped Example KES Mh we wT The bd ging él ta zhé dun « Ie. This bow was broken by him.THIS character is both plctographic and Mdcographic, It deplotg two divergent rods (1() $0 tied together with a coll of rope (3) that thelr forees are neutralised, suggesting opposition or negation; henee the meaning “not”: th EVPRAGAN ai kudi ti rd feel ashamed of one's inferiority Example th ARM DFS ERs Ak eH A RBM > Ta hi 4G io vido aud sin iin jf, yn ch chéogehing zi wi fr He had only three years of primary education, so he often has a sense of inferiority. 40THE phonetic: #, representing two rods bent in opposite direc- tions being bound together, means “not”. 6 is a pleture of a cowrle shell, once used as money. # placed over A therefore J. signifies under-valuing money, by inference, to waste or ~ squander: #7. FEI expenses; squander ‘Ste £8 jit obscure; hard to Re fang tei waste; squander understand Ht mnign fi free of charge RA fa i strenuous Ht xué fai school fees Sty 18 shi time-consuming EX Gt sheng hud f8i living expenses TUR fei yong expenses KBE shui didn féi charges for water and a hui tai membership dues electricity Example SRRM BRE RK © Jin tian ws -men yéo jléo mb fai We must pay school fees today. 41#4 combines # (younger brother) with 1] Gunite or razor). # the phonetle, deplete fs Marend foot’ a splndie and means, by extension, a succession of brothers or younger brothers. The wring, hair is suggested by the read being unwound from the spin- dle (#), and the addition of the razor 1) ives, us the character for shave: i jeture, however, shows how Younger brother (%) and razor (11), Jer iSgether, ean Sean's clase shave. “PPB FER NT) ti dao razor BRE tid tonsure RIA ti tov haircutting Example fh AB 7) BY Ke Ta ying dio tou He uses the razor to shave his head. 42THE arrow radical, in its original form: ¢, bears a striking resem blance to an arrow with full tip and feathers. it was later modified to % and finally stylised: %. Emphasizing the difficulty of combating instdi- ous enemies, the saying goes: “It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but difficult to avoid an arrow shot from hiding.” ( 91097 «#0 -) Lie | LT 1] RE shi tidng vector RR fei sti, flying arrow WR tng shi wind vector RUBIA shi ki thu én flatly deny FEHR wi di fang shi shoot at random — not to the point Example fh ay ik A tw HY Hh Re Tas de gi ping yu ri wth fing_ sh His criticism is like random shooting. 43THE, radieat & seine resents swiftness. Combined with 7 (mouth), it means know! seed by one who can give his © precislon and. speed vr word or opinion with the of an arrow (x). Knowledge (2) Is having a mouth (2) i Py iss i oharp ‘and far-reaching arrow (%) how much {sik Iles those ie know Gagne + waa) 7 wrtutte walk muck’ Si know Fae Ti, AME know the inside story ane ‘bosom friend AA FASE ZiT jo bosom friend Ch sate zhi jué consciousness SESABE) 44, zn ming well-known KR i aT shi knowledge Example RR mM i mh Ee eT Wo bi ahi io tying id tan Ue 1 didn’t know that she is married. zt nén é tui shrink back from difficulties 2h ging dé ii sensible (or tong ging @ iT) ahi- shi fén zi an intellectualB is a pic amphora use ing, The radical (3) ad cates the jars led with lguot, 3A, — wine as exhilaratiny And stimulating as know! edge. But liquor is intox fating, so the proverb cau- “Wine should be taken tn small asse knowledge in large.” Aaa | cre L lee jit ba bar ia iid jing alcohol; ethyl alcohol WX iit cai food and liquor ikt Ji Widng capacity for liquor Wwe iid dian hotel; wineshop aE jit td wine bibber wae ji hut banquet aR jit wo dimple WR ii ja restaurant we iit yi tipsy we iit jido wine cellar WAAA AC jib rou péng ySu fair-weather friends Example fh Ho i om Ta ching ching gi ii ba. He goes to the bars very often. 45THIS eee Ih combines the container for liquor: @ with the Phonett: 2 ting a soldier. As soldiers do not last long, limit aoe ame to, an ond.” 80, to drink liquor (@) an mac's ‘to become drunk: 67. But, suggests the Proverb, “It you w van a ay to stop drinking, look at 8 drunken man when yo Example th 0 Te oe ni He is drunk. wi gui zwi han wi tai ui xin wi yan wi yi zi xon xn zui sheng méng si Te drunkard drunkard the state of being drunk; drunkenness be bent on; engrossed in eyes showing the effects of drink signs or feeling of becoming drunk drunk; tipsy lead a befuddled life 46cure; heal to , dheretore, ‘was symbolised by drawing arrows from a quiver (& ) to shoot ( %) at the lemon of disease. Wine ( i) was indis- Pensable. ae am elitr Although ‘the modern form of healing is very much See Le ANCIENT man attributed, sickness evil influences. Healing: BRL yi ke medicine (a subject) | 05 jon yt medical officer ay yt ido medical treatment (in the army) ng; 7 st doctor yo yr dental surgeon RA yt shi medical skill wai KB yT sheng ‘surgeon RS yt yao medicine zhuln KE yT sheng specialist doctor BBE yt yuan hospital Xin Jig Po Singapore General Bik yah cure; treat PURER BR Thong Yong Yi Yuin Hospital Example Kf Re RM Bo The wai shag. inching This doctor is very famous. 47| (ii) CHOU shameful; ugly Two of spirits were integ: chi from a wine Jar, and an spirit ( $8) from the invisible sabe euolressh ale eae ous drunken (# ) devil (2) , representing ugliness, now hidden under the simpll- fied form: @ of a clown. [a|n{alal | | TILILL] AE chi’ é Bt cchidu hud As chu jué Abi chév lou FL + FL fi chiv shi; chéu wen ARS chi tai ha chit chu A xi80 chév AME chu b@ gual Example KAA TW Hb th > Jit chbu bb wai ying. ugly; repulsive smear; defame clown ugly scandal ugly performance make a fool of oneself clown a very ugly person Don't wash your dirty linen in public. 48THIS character for dog: 24 fittingly com- bines the dog radiea: 4 (or £) with the A » meaning a sentence of ie: 4 a words, suggests barking — a distinguishing characteristic of the dog. Counselling against the thoughtless ill-treatment of the underdog, the proverb warns: “In beating a dog, first find out who the owner Is.” PEAY mee tl SRR abu xing black bear thy nai gbu fur seal; ursine seal SRT gu tui «zi hired thug; lackey; henchman FO LI géu din b30 tian monstrous audacity BONA AK —ghu yin kan rén dF snobbish FEE HITE —_ghu yo LU Ding Bin —_—mistake a good man for a bad one Example RRA -— RDM > WS jie yu yt tho xo giv, Thave a puppy at home. 49IN ancient times, skill in archery was the basis for selecting officials. In man (4), precision in shooting an arrow (&) at a target (7° or 2) represented uprightness of heart, Hence the derived meaning of nobleman er prince: wR. addition of the animal radical: 3 ime = the noble monkey: 3f ‘here is the King of HOU Monkeys, legendary ero of the classic: “Journey to the monkey {e: Prince smpong animals” a itl 2 coor a. aca Ten eaE Td WERK hou xi monkey show RF hou «zi monkey Example ERE Sin vide shi ho nidn This is the year of the monkey. 50MOUTH (2) plus dog (% SH equals bark:od - This ‘chasac, ter, therefore, shows what makes a dog bark. The ancient Proverb, however, explains what makes a hundred dogs bark: “One dog barks at some- thing, and a hundred bark at the sound.” [Je Je |o-[orlok ox] FiguK giv fai bark of dogs WAIZAR GS fai xing fi sting to slavishly echo others — when one dog barks at a shadow, all the others join in Example A MH A KR RK & The zhi hu « de fai. sheng hin 8. This dog barks very loudly. SIik | (55k) YU prison; jail THIS ideogra; laces speech between two 7 ferent forms of dc @ gute It represents a lawsuit with the two sulters barking at 2 ‘each other like ‘SEK also means prison — for the loser. And, for the winner: “Win your lawsuit, and lose your money: ai ark TRE yi li prison officer; jailer TRAE yb 26 prison guard AHWR ai yo hell ik jin yd prison Atk iyi be imprisoned. aa ye yi escape from prison Example fh ABW AOE i A RK TE yin bai pin yu nl oh He was found guilty and sentenced to jail.THE nose (&) of a dog (X) is espe- cially sensitive to smell. A dog ( #), therefore, that sticks out its nose (@ ) while personal business is being done suggests stench: @ . By the same foken, | person who sticks his nose int F peo sonal business aiso stinks. P° Fe TICE Bh chou chéng bedbug ae chou ma scold angrily and abusively BA chou gi bad smell Rok chou wai stink RGR chav jr'din rotten egg RAK chiv ming yudn yong notorious SRA HAB chou ming zhao zhi of ill repute; notorious ALRAF rh chav wai gan be young and inexperienced Example We Kw RF BR Nai tido sil go chiv dé hn That drain stinks. 53THIS character uses two mouths ( 2 ) to express intense action €, = of the mouth, resembling the wail oS ine of dogs CX fiso dog (%) ‘two mouths ( + Two mouths may effectively crying and howling, but “two buckets of tears,” cry; weep complain tearfully weep endlessly put on a long face wail and whine BREA Ki vido bd dé not knowing whether to laugh or to cry Example 4m Mm eR RBM ERT RR e ing tani Gio Kio shi BU jie shi, tid Ws Meg When she knew she had failed the examinations, she burst into tears. 54FU THIS ideograph reduces man ( 4 ) tothe level of the lowly dog ( 2 ). means: “Man behaving like dog, prostrating himself or humiliating another: 4% . The saying proves true: "Flog the eur tha sfallen int the prostrate peop! VY ew ialel TTP ETT Ty RE ti" a volt-ampere RE 0 bing (troops in) ambush. 1K 1618 be executed Rik fi ambush {Rife 6 10 subterranean drainage; underground stream ARNG 0 tie fit perfectly skp Ima 66 Erie the Volga (river) RIG 16 08 id vodka Example th tk Ze th 7B ah Ta {9 zai di shang bu dang. He lies face down on the ground, motionless. 5572 is a hole made by removing and dividing (5) rock or earth to provide pool (=) aver the wild dons head. 7 represents the dog (2) m suddenly fy of its den (22) to nitsck and bite anintruder. Hence the meaning suddenly ‘or unexpectedly — without warning, ‘as the saying goes: “A biting dog does not show its teeth.” oO RE tU bién sudden change BR rin suddenly et protruding; outstanding RIL tw lofty (landscape); Rit asudden and sudden violent attack RR xi surprise attack BR 10 pd break through RR CRE 10 £81 méng jin advance by leaps Se tUqi break out; rise high and bounds FAN tT rb qi di arise suddenly Example th BI — BRR Te Ta shud dio yt bin, to rin ting - le. He was talking halfway when he stopped suddenly. 56SHOU war” animal; brute; beast ‘d form, however, disc: sometimes a dog’s life is to be preferred. In thé words of the proverb: “Better a dog in times of peace than a man in times of THE ancient form of & graphically portrays the typical domestic CAC Js\ animal with its ears, head, legs an Iagitied by the dog [==] radical (%), it means anim: e eg The modern = (og i &, even though ca + >vy wa 3| : ler 435% — shou huén door-knocker BR shou yi avet S25 shou ei animals BRK shou yi animal desire HE shiv wing the king of beasts - the lion | Bf yé shiv wild animal 247 shi xing brutality FEI74E shu ti che animal-drawn vehicle HE shu xing barbarity ATHI $3.05 én mian shéu xin a beast in human form Example RM RE Wit SB Bi Fa Thou sin tin i, you xd dud yé shiv, ‘There are many wild animals in the forests of Africa. 37ue (538) Pend taemacnaer te? YOU like; undecided slenifes quer a) ter may de- ceive. even a dog (4 ), its odour would cause hesita- tion and uncertainty. Hence it means both “like” and “undecided.” 48 is now simplified to it , the honetic: % meaning ex- aordinary. Because the dog reflects the image of its owner, “A lean dog > shames Its master.” Pare | ean you just as TREE you yi hesitate RR you yi hesitate BAA You Tai én Jew Example th fi oH KR BR TE mshi ching ching you yi bd jue He often hesitates in whatever he does. 58A ,, the phonetic, is » contraction of ¥, ate imgining he Vexeriant ani vegetation thal sproatz ce and grows wild, (atating e rambling abiore. 92 there: fore, is tke «mad dog (4) thet strays oF meaning: “mad cating madaces against madness, the pre. verb recommends prevention rather than care: “It the fence Is secure, no doy will enter” SER kung bao violent TEA kudng rén maniac FE kudng fang unruly or unrestrained | 45-24 kudng xi wild with joy FEDK kung fi bark furiously EE kung xiéo. laugh wildly TER kuéng fierce wind RAE 18 kung mad 4EaK kung re fanaticism EAH kudng xing qd rhapsody (music) Example eR — th EAR RS KAT o ad win de yf ching wing fing tio yi, bd sh chuT io - Ie Many trees were crushed by yesterday's gale, 39THE phonetic: @ means to blossom, Tema? expand oF erupt. Dog (4) with Dl like dog, in 2 flower ges CF me fee, many an 2 oflorter gels away transgression; so laments the pro- Verb “The Black do vents the meat; the white dog is punish aa med |S Tso; aie fan 18 violate the law TRE fan yi TEL fin gui break the rules TE fan zui TL fan ji violate a taboo BAL zh fan LU fin convict SUARAG tin bd zhéo ok tan shing go against one’s superiors | A AFL sid rén fan Example fh 2 Ife bk UT HR Ta wii ing mud shing fins te cd He made a mistake in his work. wi. 60 suspect; be suspicious commit a crime war criminal not worthwhile murdererHEN fierce; vicious; & the phonetic, is the classical abbreviation of @ , made up of B (eye)and e (turn). It signifies to turn around and look a man defi- antly in the face, With the addition of the dog radical( 4 ), indicating beastliness, it means: fieree, vicious, cruel or quarrelsome. But, concludes the proverb: “A good dog does not fight with chickens, nor a good man with his wile.” RE hin a Tbs hén xin (Aa xing hén Example RAR MF RM OR The att ht = ibn xidng_ én This lion is ferocious. vicious heartless ferocious and ruthless 61lod has dog (4) for endl. €/ originally aoe tte Be Pe signitics a git Ca) ly navares down trom above (7 ). & , the modification, shows heaven and earth coming together ( ¥} ith ‘the eit (© ) eventually becoming font ‘2k therefore suggests wolf - a dog that So isch ike sirtosus eotate "and acquired 3 Hielous one. Hence the proverbial ‘warning: “Outside he Is clothed in s sheep's skin; ins | “TA 7 oe se lng bai in an extremely awkward position ai) téng ghv wolfhound SRE tng hun glutton mee téng jf scattered about in a mess OR chai lang jackal SRAM ARE — bng bai wéi jian act in collusion with each other 3% ENA lang ton hl yin devour ravenously Jie-C TH lang xin gbu f8i ungrateful; cruel and unscrupulous SRF BEL. ling 2 yé xm ——_wolfish nature; wild ambition Example RERLRKAT ATS RM > WO fang ting shi 8 di rén dS dé ShY fn ing al Our soldiers battered the enemy badly. 62Bi lion WiF-3 pug-dog EF sur at wi lion dance BE shat aud Leo (of the horoscope) Example wR ah hy 2 AS HF Xin sid FH ing Wi Yudn Mf you a Gud AT ‘There are many lions in the Singapore Zoological Gardens. 6358 (68) BS MAO cat is a pictogray eting rt asa hice ate eee cee to denote that are meat (4, F- ret ei sprouts (4+) in the fila (@). The ats and dogs 1s emphasised deg goes ce whee ihe cat comes, there will be no ight” thon the dog (4) comess FOES the cat Cf) go Nii vido mao 1 xidng mao Wea xing mao BEAM mao tou ying aa mao yin shi Example kitten tom cat owl cat's eye (mineral stone) KA) HRT Ee Dre AT ido mao atin WB a This kitten is very lovable.horse turesque representation of a brawny it has since undergone dra: changes, losing eyes and mane, The simpli ence, inspiring the proverb: "The old horse knows the way.” SEBS 37 = Hg mi‘ an saddle AKA md xi tudn circus troupe Tie m8 bin horsewhip Sybesma song marathon, Be mé ché horse-drawn carriage | The ge m Ling shis potato Taye mi hU careless; casual LAME HR mi bi ting th nonstop Hy; mb shang at once; immediately | “2,325 mi do chéng gong gain an immediate victory Ey mix circus re a careless; just passable Example JL fl 1 te © Mi’ & plo dé kul, A horse runs very fast. 65Qi ride; sit astride THE phonetic 2 means strange and wonderful, In aoseciation with (wood) it forms 4% (chair) — a wooden con- trapiion, strangg te those used to siting floor. &% (horse) replaces (wood) in the cl eects) for riding: 84 . To ride, the it on a horse &) — a won fol t ) experience. But don't get way too wwatne ine Proverbs =The best riders are sure to fall” ie oa ge 5 a ye ai bing cavalryman ae af mi ride a horse at i shi knight AR ai shi horsemanship Example Wet eae ee Ee Na jing jun gf zai_yi_pi balm shang. That general was riding on a white horse. 66Bill | (ill xtN tame; docile THE concept of “tame” is derived by combi- ning horse (. Jand river (1). Just as the flow of a river is controlled and guided by the land surface, so to tame (SM) is to sub- due a horse (_ ), guiding it like a river Om ). Unfortunately, the treatment meted ‘out (oa tame horse is also applied to a good man. In the words of the proverbs: “A good imposed upon just as a tame horse is =. 7 BB apy TT ET tty BR xin docile; tame a xdn hua domestication BB xin liéng tame and gentle PB xin td reindeer NG xin shin tame and docile BFE xén_ yng domesticate Example th FO Re Ta shin yi xin He is good at taming tigers. 67OR | (BR) wn THE phonetic gives a clue to the family. % | was originally articles (W%) connected or together, and means involved or accumu- lated, troublesome or unmanageable, bur- aneg tired. These traits characterise the ied ( identity of this member of irae (f) ) mule: §£, a beast of burden, noted for being stubborn. Its sluggishness prompts the saying: “A person riding a mule does nol realise the slownese of walking.” SB Fare arene aeaE u a | BRIE hd 0 a muleteer oR Wu mi mules and horses oR Ww6 zi mule (the off-spring of an ass and a mare) TR lu6 m3 dian an inn with sheds for carts and animals Example RF OU EF - Ce Mules can draw carriages..& , repregenting a horse or beast of burden, is the indica S,_ the phonetic, ‘means, 10 go" ones unconeernediy, without heeding others. This nant characteristle of the self-sufficient cal 3 animal blessed with great endurance and al LUO camel without food and water for weeks. 71s ww earoae | [LL ESE ud tus camel BESEBA Wud tud dul camel train; caravan MESES — ud tud rong camel's hair material Example KE — A OM ie He HE The shi yt NT an fang ht This is a one-humped camel. Cs(Bl) CHUANG rush; clash; charge THE Ides of rushing suddenly Tadely Ie graphically, is of a swift dating Through a door (P9). uggests rashness , something to gua: inst. As the proverb puts it: hen @ word has left the fips, the swiftest horse cannot overtake It.” MMM Tl tttti aa chudng hud get into trouble lit chung jing daring general; path breaker aay chung jin pioneering spirit ae chung lian leave home to temper oneself; be tempered in the world iia chung jiang hi make a living wandering from place to place (as a fortune- teller, acrobat, etc.) $A] héng chidng zhi chung run amuck Example KER Lb FF a Re NT kal cha) yo ido xin, lan win O16 chung bu, Be careful with your driving and don't get into trouble. 70THE switt-footed and graceful deer is plctograph sporting promigent anters ictograph 5 rominent antlers. Sen priced the. deer for fs skin and flesh that it is sald: “The deer-hunter does not look at the hare.” as ea P| LE DEL ef deerhorn; antler HEHE a yuan deer park ee deer enclosure; deer pen | 298 gong 10 buck WBE deerskin ERE ni doe REE pilose antler NRE xido 1d fawn A venison HETEHE «= méi bw IU sika (deer) Example HR RR A fH MH Mi ti shi mdi yu ido» te. ‘A doe has no antlers. 1vis x ( EE ) CHEN dust; dirt ‘THE original form ed three deer (i) ru the earth (+), stirring up ‘® trail of dust t (&). The regular form reduced number of deer to one. The simplified form breaks it down further ‘at iny (Is) particles of earth (+ ), forming dust or dirt: 4 ig over “pie chin’ EE chin AB hi chén 2S} chén he Example WLR EHF ou je ai dust Aptit chén shi this world; this mortal life bao dust storm chén th dust féi pneumoconiosis % —chén wo soiled with dust feng covered with dust; dusttaden | 4: BE chén xiao hubbub; uproar giu dust and dirt JRA hw chén dust; dirt ts sto. de yi She kept the house spick and span. —2RR- chén by rin n(BE) Qing celebrate; congratulate IN anelent times it was traditional to (%) offer, on a festive day, a with hearty (c , to celebrate, con- i a blessing. The simplit for celebration puts It ins notshell: something big (*) under cover or root 7") — 2 big occasion indoo! Pea sing didn celebration RH sing he celebrate TRE ing xing rejoice Dee ging zhi celebrate FRUNS ging ging hui victory meeting. FRA qué ging National Day Example NAKA RRR Ae 83 yud jib shh WS gud-de gud ging i. Our National Day falls on August 9. BBR | (BB) Li beautiful; handsome; elegant THIS character for beauty and elegance is a Plctare of of the sraeetal deer ie) de frith a paleo Fatanis (ai. titted ‘form displays ie ee ‘of pendants linked to- gether: aa. Physical attrac. tiveness is not to be envied, if we go by the saying: “Beautiful women generally suffer an evil fate; intelligent young men are seldom handsome.” \ Fel ieimlaras| | | | DAA EL AR feng 6 ri Hh lovely weather Example Bu wy Re Aud shan «de f@nq. jing. atin mdi The scenery of snow-clad mountains is lovely. 4for pletograph. It is skin) cls Suarek ferocity, the ot tger, sri aa te fama ine mount.” @§ 2 t# BEAR hifi gyro wheel eat tis jidng brave general wea) fi jin dauntless drive; dash eo hi ku tiger’s mouth — jaws of death weet ti gin vice Example ER RA & Ah Lio hi shi tiv shi dng wd The tiger is a carnivore. RK hid xué ER Wo his BEALE hi shi dan dan FEARER, hid t6u shé wei Ey Beem mo ho 15 tiger's den tiger eye covetously fine start and poor finish careless; fair| /o tmnt Co), eas esas (3; f the ‘the Zs (Sie) ee ata sats Ee te Hminated: $ .$% also means mark or number, Hho shout nounced by the mouth, with a call or cry. BAO mark; number ed bdo KI wail So ho zhao call; appeal ny héo jido howl; yell a bin hao serial number SB hao chéng known as; claim to be aS chud hao nickname Bo hao ting order fa) wan hao question mark +o hao ma number IJICSE ho téo d3 KT cry one's eyes out Example if Fl fe WY th i Le 2 Ging win ni de itn tub iio? What is your telephone number? 16XIANG elephant THIS character Is a striking image of the elephant, empha- sising Jts trunk and preclous tusks: 2. Valuable possessions can post's hazard to lite; in the words of the proverb: “The ele- phant,|s killed because of Its TPP PP Eee RA xiang bi trunk (of an elephant) | $F xiang yé elephant's tusk; ivory RE xing gf Chinese chess RE xiang yang presentable RK xing sin astigmatism BiE xiang zheng symbolise; signify gE xiang shéng onomatopoeia eR hao xiang seem; like RB xiang xin quadrant SF BER) — xiang yd dido ke ivory carving Example XS RF ME WM HK The ge lang yé ido KB Hin ing Hh This is an exquisite ivory carving. 7XIANG {Ke portrait; image IN THIS character, the phone lephant and also image. Fedieal {" (man) clarifies Its appl cation fo man and, means, image, yrtrait or resemblance: 4%, Man has been making images of inable under and Fro “No image-maker worships the gods; he knows what they are made of” TPP PRP rr ggg | {BRE xiang yang up to the mark; presentable; decent {Ris vxiang hua reasonable; proper; right ME én xiang portrait; image Example Xf HRM ARR BAe Dre wal’ hud jib mud ~ de rén dng. nT he. This artist's portraits are very realistic. 8