Capitulo 1
Aproximaciones al estudio del Estado en Colombia:
conflicto armada, ilegalidad y narcotrafico
2yestras reflexiones comienzan por seftalar lo paradéjico que resulta el
so te que Ta violencia polltica desde los afios cincuenta hasta hoy, la
-pénetracion de la economia ‘del narcotrafico en la sociedad colombiana
s-consiguientemente, los nexos We Tos actores ilegales en la vida publica
sean los principales niotivadores de nuestras reflexiones sobre Ta canfi-
Sacidn concreta del Estado colombiano. La Violentia y la iegalidad
SS provocndo, como Corolario no planeado ni previsto, el desarolloy
le profundizacién de la reflexién conceptual sobre la manera concreta
ten Fr primordialmente juridicos y normativgs: se consideraba en-
‘sonces que el proceso de cgnstruccién del Estado colombiano habia cul-
minado con la Constitucién Nacional de 1886, refrendada por el triunfo i
el gobierno en la llamada Guerra de los Mil Dias, entre finales del siglo
XIX y principios del XX.
Solo con la Violencia de los afios cincuenta empez6 a hablarse, por
‘boca de Pan} Oquist (1078}-de“calapeerpmesialdel Estago” para describir
Te tragedia colombiana de es0s afos. Mientras otros, entre ellos monsefior
man Guzgpan, Orlando Fals Borda, Eduardo Umafia Luna y Cami-
Jo Torres (1962), la entendieron como una_ “revolucién social frustrada’,
ihodés (1974) hablaba de una rebelion campesina ff y
Ecic Hahshawn (1968) se referia a los guerrlleros como “rebeldes pri.
multi’. Esta relativa ausencia de referencias al Estado contrasta con
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