CalcII Complete Solutions 13 100

Calculus II – Solutions to Practice Problems 3
1. Evaluate ∫ 4 x cos ( 2 − 3x ) dx .
Hint : Remember that we want to pick u and dv so that upon computing du and v and plugging
everything into the Integration by Parts formula the new integral is one that we can do.
Step 1
The first step here is to pick u and dv. We want to choose u and dv so that when we compute du and v
and plugging everything into the Integration by Parts formula the new integral we get is one that we can
do.
With that in mind it looks like the following choices for u and dv should work for us.
=u 4x dv cos ( 2 − 3 x ) dx
=
Step 2
Next, we need to compute du (by differentiating u) and v (by integrating dv).
=u 4x →
= du 4dx
cos ( 2 − 3 x ) dx
dv = → − 13 sin ( 2 − 3 x )
v=
Step 3
Plugging u, du, v and dv into the Integration by Parts formula gives,
dx ( 4 x ) ( −
∫ 4 x cos ( 2 − 3x ) = 1
3 sin ( 2 − 3 x ) ) − ∫ − 43 sin ( 2 − 3 x ) dx
− 43 x sin ( 2 − 3 x ) + 43 ∫ sin ( 2 − 3 x ) dx
=
Step 4
Okay, the new integral we get is easily doable and so all we need to do to finish this problem out is do
the integral.
∫ 4 x cos ( 2 − 3x ) dx =− 4
3 x sin ( 2 − 3 x ) + 94 cos ( 2 − 3 x ) + c
0 1x
2. Evaluate ∫ ( 2 + 5x ) e
6
3
dx .
everything into the Integration by Parts formula the new integral is one that we can do.
Also, don’t forget that the limits on the integral won’t have any effect on the choices of u and dv.
© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

Step 1
do.
1x
2 + 5x
u= e 3 dx
dv =
Step 2
2 + 5x
u= → 5dx
du =
1x 1x
=dv e dx 3
=
→ v 3e 3
Step 3
We can deal with the limits as we do the integral or we can just do the indefinite integral and then take
care of the limits in the last step. We will be using the later way of dealing with the limits for this
problem.
So, plugging u, du, v and dv into the Integration by Parts formula gives,
∫ ( 2 + 5 x ) e =( 2 + 5 x ) ( 3e ) − ∫ 5 ( 3e ) dx =3e ( 2 + 5 x ) − 15∫ e dx
x 1 x 1 x x 1 1 x 1
3 3 3 3 3
Step 4
Okay, the new integral we get is easily doable so let’s evaluate it to get,
1x 1x 1x 1x 1x
∫ ( 2 + 5 x )=
e 3
3e 3 ( 2 + 5 x ) − 45e 3 =
+ c 15 xe 3 − 39e 3 + c
Step 5
The final step is then to take care of the limits.
( )
0 1x 1x 1x
0
∫ 6
( 2 + 5 x ) e 3 dx =15 xe 3 − 39e 3 =−39 − 51e 2 =−415.8419
6
Do not get excited about the fact that the lower limit is larger than the upper limit. This can happen on
occasion and in no way affects how the integral is evaluated.
∫ ( 3t + t ) sin ( 2t ) dt
2
3. Evaluate .

everything into the Integration by Parts formula the new integral is one that we can do (or at least will
be easier to deal with).
Step 1
do or will at least be an integral that will be easier to deal with.
3t + t 2
u= sin ( 2t ) dt
dv =
Step 2
3t + t 2
u= → ( 3 + 2t ) dt
du =
sin ( 2t ) dt
dv = → − 12 cos ( 2t )
v=
Step 3
− ( 3t + t ) cos ( 2t ) + ∫ ( 3 + 2t ) cos ( 2t ) dt
∫ ( 3t + t ) sin ( 2t ) dt =
2 1 2 1
2 2
Step 4
Now, the new integral is still not one that we can do with only Calculus I techniques. However, it is one
that we can do another integration by parts on and because the power on the t’s have gone down by
one we are heading in the right direction.
So, here are the choices for u and dv for the new integral.
3 + 2t
u= → 2dt
du =
=dv cos ( 2t ) dt =
→ v 1
2 sin ( 2t )
Step 5
Okay, all we need to do now is plug these new choices of u and dv into the new integral we got in Step 3
and finish the problem out.
∫ ( 3t + t ) sin ( 2t ) dt =
− ( 3t + t ) cos ( 2t ) +  12 ( 3 + 2t ) sin ( 2t ) − sin ( 2t ) dt 
∫
2 1 2 1
2 2  
− 12 ( 3t + t 2 ) cos ( 2t ) + 12  12 ( 3 + 2t ) sin ( 2t ) + 12 cos ( 2t )  + c
=
=− 12 ( 3t + t 2 ) cos ( 2t ) + 14 ( 3 + 2t ) sin ( 2t ) + 14 cos ( 2t ) + c

∫ 6 tan ( w ) dw .
−1
4. Evaluate 8
Hint : Be careful with your choices of u and dv here. If you think about it there is really only one way
that the choice can be made here and have the problem be workable.
Step 1
The first step here is to pick u and dv.
Note that if we choose the inverse tangent for dv the only way to get v is to integrate dv and so we
would need to know the answer to get the answer and so that won’t work for us. Therefore, the only
real choice for the inverse tangent is to let it be u.
So, here are our choices for u and dv.
= tan −1 ( w8 )
u 6= dv dw
Don’t forget the dw! The differential dw still needs to be put into the dv even though there is nothing
else left in the integral.
Step 2
− w82 − w82
=u 6 tan −1 ( w8 ) → du 6
= dw 6
= dw
1 + ( w8 )
2
1 + w642
=dv dw =
→ v w
Step 3
In order to complete this problem we’ll need to do some rewrite on du as follows,
−48
du = 2
dw
w + 64
w
∫ 6 tan
= ( w ) dw
−1 8
6 w tan −1 ( w8 ) + 48⌠
 2 dw
⌡ w + 64
Step 4
u 64 + w2 ) and so all we need to
Okay, the new integral we get is easily doable (with the substitution =
do to finish this problem out is do the integral.
( w ) dw
∫ 6 tan =
−1 8
6 w tan −1 ( w8 ) + 24 ln w2 + 64 + c

5. Evaluate e 2 z cos ( 14 z ) dz .
∫
Hint : This is one of the few integration by parts problems where either function can go on u and dv. Be
careful however to not get locked into an endless cycle of integration by parts.
Step 1
The first step here is to pick u and dv.
In this case we can put the exponential in either the u or the dv and the cosine in the other. It is one of
the few problems where the choice doesn’t really matter.
For this problem well use the following choices for u and dv.
=u cos
= ( 14 z ) dv e 2 z dz
Step 2
cos ( 14 z )
u= → − 14 sin ( 14 z ) dz
du =
=dv e 2 z dz =
→ v 1
2 e2 z
Step 3
cos ( z ) dz
∫e =
2z 1
4
1
2 e 2 z cos ( 14 z ) + 18 ∫ e 2 z sin ( 14 z ) dz
Step 4
We’ll now need to do integration by parts again and to do this we’ll use the following choices.
=u sin ( 14 z ) →
= du 1
4 cos ( 14 z ) dz
=dv e 2 z dz =
→ v 1
2 e2 z
Step 5
Plugging these into the integral from Step 3 gives,
∫e
2z
cos ( 14 z ) dz =1 2z
2e cos ( 14 z ) + 18  12 e 2 z sin ( 14 z ) − 18 ∫ e 2 z cos ( 14 z ) dz 
= 12 e 2 z cos ( 14 z ) + 161 e 2 z sin ( 14 z ) − 641 ∫ e 2 z cos ( 14 z ) dz
Step 6
To finish this problem all we need to do is some basic algebraic manipulation to get the identical
integrals on the same side of the equal sign.

∫ e cos ( z ) dz = e cos ( z ) + e 2 z sin ( 14 z ) − 641 ∫ e 2 z cos ( 14 z ) dz

z 2 1z 1 2 1 1
4 2 4 16
∫e
2z
cos ( 14 z ) dz + 641 ∫ e cos ( z ) dz =
z 2
e z cos ( z ) +
1
4
1
2
2 1
4
1
16 e 2 z sin ( 14 z )
65
64 ∫e =
z
cos ( z ) dz
2
e z cos ( z ) +
1
4
1
2
2 1
4
1
16 e 2 z sin ( 14 z )
Finally, all we need to do is move the coefficient on the integral over to the right side.
∫e
2z
cos ( 14 z ) dz = 32
65 e 2 z cos ( 14 z ) + 654 e 2 z sin ( 14 z ) + c
π
6. Evaluate ∫ x 2 cos ( 4 x ) dx .
0
everything into the Integration by Parts formula the new integral is one that we can do (or at least will
be easier to deal with).
Also, don’t forget that the limits on the integral won’t have any effect on the choices of u and dv.
Step 1
do or will at least be an integral that will be easier to deal with.
= 2
u x= dv cos ( 4 x ) dx
Step 2
=u x2 →
= du 2 x dx
=dv cos ( 4 x ) dx =
→ v 1
4 sin ( 4 x )
Step 3
We can deal with the limits as we do the integral or we can just do the indefinite integral and then take
care of the limits in the last step. We will be using the later way of dealing with the limits for this
problem.
So, plugging u, du, v and dv into the Integration by Parts formula gives,
∫x
2
cos ( 4 x ) dx
= 1
4 x 2 sin ( 4 x ) − 12 ∫ x sin ( 4 x ) dx

Step 4
Now, the new integral is still not one that we can do with only Calculus I techniques. However, it is one
that we can do another integration by parts on and because the power on the x’s have gone down by
one we are heading in the right direction.
So, here are the choices for u and dv for the new integral.
=u x →
= du dx
sin ( 4 x ) dx
dv = → − 14 cos ( 4 x )
v=
Step 5
Okay, all we need to do now is plug these new choices of u and dv into the new integral we got in Step 3
and evaluate the integral.
∫x
2
( 4 x ) dx
cos= 1
4 x 2 sin ( 4 x ) − 12  − 14 x cos ( 4 x ) + 14 ∫ cos ( 4 x ) dx 
= 1
4 x 2 sin ( 4 x ) − 12  − 14 x cos ( 4 x ) + 161 sin ( 4 x )  + c
= 1
4 x 2 sin ( 4 x ) + 18 x cos ( 4 x ) − 321 sin ( 4 x ) + c
Step 6
The final step is then to take care of the limits.
( x 2 sin ( 4 x ) + 18 x cos ( 4 x ) − 321 sin ( 4 x ) ) =

π π
∫ x 2 cos ( 4 x ) dx = 1
4
1
8 π
0 0
∫ ( )
7. Evaluate t 7 sin 2t 4 dt .
Hint : Be very careful with your choices of u and dv for this problem. It looks a lot like previous practice
problems but it isn’t!
Step 1
The first step here is to pick u and dv and, in this case, we’ll need to be careful how we chose them.
If we follow the model of many of the examples/practice problems to this point it is tempting to let u be
t 7 and to let dv be sin ( 2t 4 ) .
However, this will lead to some real problems. To compute v we’d have to integrate the sine and
because of the t 4 in the argument this is not possible. In order to integrate the sine we would have to
have a t 3 in the integrand as well in order to a substitution as shown below,
∫t
3
sin ( 2t 4 ) dt =
1
− 18 cos ( 2t 4 ) + c
8 ∫ sin ( w ) dw = 2t 4
w=

Now, this may seem like a problem, but in fact it’s not a problem for this particular integral. Notice that
we actually have 7 t’s in the integral and there is no reason that we can’t split them up as follows,
∫t
7
sin ( 2t 4 ) dt = ∫ t 4 t 3 sin ( 2t 4 ) dt
After doing this we can now choose u and dv as follows,
= 4
u t= dv t 3 sin ( 2t 4 ) dt
Step 2
=u t4 →
= du 4t 3 dt
t 3 sin ( 2t 4 ) dt
dv = → − 18 cos ( 2t 4 )
v=
Step 3
∫t
7
− 18 t 4 cos ( 2t 4 ) + 12 ∫ t 3 cos ( 2t 4 ) dt
sin ( 2t 4 ) dt =
Step 4
At this point, notice that the new integral just requires the same Calculus I substitution that we used to
find v. So, all we need to do is evaluate the new integral and we’ll be done.
∫t
7
sin ( 2t 4 ) dt =
− 18 t 4 cos ( 2t 4 ) + 161 sin ( 2t 4 ) + c
Do not get so locked into patterns for these problems that you end up turning the patterns into “rules”
on how certain kinds of problems work. Most of the easily seen patterns are also easily broken (as this
problem has shown).
Because we (as instructors) tend to work a lot of “easy” problems initially they also tend to conform to
the patterns that can be easily seen. This tends to lead students to the idea that the patterns will always
work and then when they run into one where the pattern doesn’t work they get in trouble. So, be
careful!
Note as well that we’re not saying that patterns don’t exist and that it isn’t useful to recognize them.
You just need to be careful and understand that there will, on occasion, be problems where it will look
like a pattern you recognize, but in fact will not quite fit the pattern and another approach will be
needed to work the problem.
Alternate Solution

Note that there is an alternate solution to this problem. We could use the substitution w = 2t 4 as the
first step as follows.
w = 2t 4 → dw = 8t 3 dt & t 4 = 12 w
∫ t sin ( 2t ) dt t t sin ( 2t ) dt ∫ ( w=
∫= ) ( ) sin ( w ) dw ∫ w sin ( w ) dw
7 4 4 3 4
= 1
2
1
8
1
16
We won’t avoid integration by parts as we can see here, but it is somewhat easier to see it this time.
Here is the rest of the work for this problem.
=u 1
16 w →
= du 1
16 dw
sin ( w ) dw
dv = → − cos ( w )
v=
∫t
7
sin ( 2t 4 ) dt =
− 161 w cos ( w ) + 161 ∫ cos ( w ) dw =
− 161 w cos ( w ) + 161 sin ( w ) + c
As the final step we just need to substitution back in for w.
∫t
7
sin ( 2t 4 ) dt =
− 81 t 4 cos ( 2t 4 ) + 161 sin ( 2t 4 ) + c
8. Evaluate ∫y
6
cos ( 3 y ) dy .
Hint : Doing this with “standard” integration by parts would take a fair amount of time so maybe this
would be a good candidate for the “table” method of integration by parts.
Step 1
Okay, with this problem doing the “standard” method of integration by parts (i.e. picking u and dv and
using the formula) would take quite a bit of time. So, this looks like a good problem to use the table that
we saw in the notes to shorten the process up.
Here is the table for this problem.
y6 cos ( 3 y ) +
6y 5 1
3 sin ( 3 y ) −
30 y 4 − cos ( 3 y ) +
1
9
120 y 3 − 271 sin ( 3 y ) −

360 y 2 81 cos ( 3 y ) +
1
720 y sin ( 3 y ) −
1
243
720 − cos ( 3 y ) +
1
729
0 − 2187
1
sin ( 3 y ) −

Step 2
Here’s the integral for this problem,
∫y
6
( 3 y ) dy
cos= ( y )(
6 1
3 sin ( 3 y ) ) − ( 6 y 5 ) ( − 91 cos ( 3 y ) ) + ( 30 y 4 ) ( − 271 sin ( 3 y ) )
− (120 y 3 ) ( 811 cos ( 3 y ) ) + ( 360 y 2 ) ( 243
1
sin ( 3 y ) )
− ( 720 y ) ( − 729
1
cos ( 3 y ) ) + ( 720 ) ( − 2187
1
sin ( 3 y ) ) + c
1
3 y 6 sin ( 3 y ) + 23 y 5 cos ( 3 y ) − 109 y 4 sin ( 3 y ) − 27 y cos ( 3 y )
40 3
=
40 2
+ 27 81 y cos ( 3 y ) − 243 sin ( 3 y ) + c
y sin ( 3 y ) + 80 80
∫ ( 4x − 9 x 2 + 7 x + 3) e − x dx .
3
9. Evaluate
Hint : Doing this with “standard” integration by parts would take a fair amount of time so maybe this
would be a good candidate for the “table” method of integration by parts.
Step 1
Okay, with this problem doing the “standard” method of integration by parts (i.e. picking u and dv and
using the formula) would take quite a bit of time. So, this looks like a good problem to use the table that
we saw in the notes to shorten the process up.
Here is the table for this problem.
4 x3 − 9 x 2 + 7 x + 3 e− x +
12 x 2 − 18 x + 7 −e − x −
24 x − 18 e − x +
24 −e − x −
0 e− x +
Step 2
Here’s the integral for this problem,
∫ ( 4x − 9 x 2 + 7 x + 3) e − x dx= ( 4x − 9 x 2 + 7 x + 3)( −e − x ) − (12 x 2 − 18 x + 7 )( e − x )

3 3
+ ( 24 x − 18 ) ( −e − x ) − ( 24 ) ( e − x ) + c
=−e − x ( 4 x3 − 9 x 2 + 7 x + 3) − e − x (12 x 2 − 18 x + 7 )
− e − x ( 24 x − 18 ) − 24e − x + c
=−e − x ( 4 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 13 x + 16 ) + c


1. Evaluate sin 3 ( 23 x ) cos 4 ( 23 x ) dx .

∫
Hint : Pay attention to the exponents and recall that for most of these kinds of problems you’ll need to
use trig identities to put the integral into a form that allows you to do the integral (usually with a Calc I
substitution).
Step 1
The first thing to notice here is that the exponent on the sine is odd and so we can strip one of them out.
∫ sin ( x ) cos ( x ) dx = ∫ sin ( x ) cos ( x ) sin ( x ) dx

3 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
Step 2
Now we can use the trig identity sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ =
1 to convert the remaining sines to cosines.
3 2
3 = ∫ (1 − cos ( x ) ) cos ( x ) sin ( x ) dx
∫ sin ( x ) cos ( x ) dx
4 2
3
2 2
3
4 2
3
2
3
Step 3
We can now use the substitution u = cos ( 23 x ) to evaluate the integral.
2
3 − ∫ (1 − u ) u du
∫ sin ( x ) cos ( x ) dx =
3 4 2
3
3
2
2 4
− ∫ u − u du =
= − ( u 3
2
4 6 3
2
1
5
5
− 17 u 7 ) + c
Note that we’ll not be doing the actual substitution work here. At this point it is assumed that you recall
substitution well enough to fill in the details if you need to. If you are rusty on substitutions you should
probably go back to the Calculus I practice problems and practice on the substitutions.
Step 4
Don’t forget to substitute back in for u!
∫ sin ( x ) cos ( x ) dx = cos 7 ( 23 x ) − 103 cos5 ( 23 x ) + c

3 2 4 2 3
3 3 14
2. Evaluate sin 8 ( 3 z ) cos5 ( 3 z ) dz .

∫
substitution).

Step 1
The first thing to notice here is that the exponent on the cosine is odd and so we can strip one of them
out.
∫ sin ( 3z ) cos ( 3z ) dz = ∫ sin ( 3z ) cos ( 3z ) cos ( 3z ) dz

8 5 8 4
Step 2
Now we can use the trig identity sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ =
1 to convert the remaining cosines to sines.
2
∫ sin ( 3z ) cos ( 3z ) dz = ∫ sin ( 3z ) cos ( 3z ) cos ( 3z ) dz
8 5 8 2
2
= ∫ sin ( 3 z ) 1 − sin ( 3 z )  cos ( 3 z ) dz
8 2
Step 3
We can now use the substitution u = sin ( 3 z ) to evaluate the integral.
2
∫ sin ( 3z ) cos (=
3 z ) dz ∫u
8 5 8
1
3
1 − u 2  du
= ∫u 1
3
8
− 2u10 + u12 du = 1
3 ( 1
9 u 9 − 112 u11 + 131 u13 ) + c
Step 4
∫ sin ( 3z ) cos ( 3z ) dz = sin 9 ( 3z ) − 332 sin11 ( 3z ) + 391 sin13 ( 3z ) + c

8 5 1
27
∫ cos ( 2t ) dt
4
3. Evaluate .
substitution).
Step 1
The first thing to notice here is that we only have even exponents and so we’ll need to use half-angle
and double-angle formulas to reduce this integral into one that we can do.

Also, do not get excited about the fact that we don’t have any sines in the integrand. Sometimes we will
not have both trig functions in the integrand. That doesn’t mean that that we can’t use the same
techniques that we used in this section.
So, let’s start this problem off as follows.
∫ cos ( 2t ) dt = ∫ ( cos ( 2t ) ) dt
4 2 2
Step 2
Now we can use the half-angle formula to get,
∫  (1 + cos ( 4t ) ) ∫ 14 (1 + 2 cos ( 4t ) + cos ( 4t ) ) dt

2
∫ cos ( 2t ) dt =
4 2
1
2 dt =
Step 3
We’ll need to use the half-angle formula one more time on the third term to get,
∫ cos ( 2t ) dt = ∫ 1 + 2 cos ( 4t ) + 1 + cos ( 8t )  dt

4 1 1
4 2
=+∫ 2 cos ( 4t ) +
1
4
3
2
1
2 cos ( 8t ) dt
Step 4
Now all we have to do is evaluate the integral.
∫ cos ( 2t ) dt = ( t + 12 sin ( 4t ) + 161 sin ( 8t ) ) + c = t + 18 sin ( 4t ) + 641 sin ( 8t ) + c

4 1 3 3
4 2 8
2π
4. Evaluate ∫π cos3 ( 12 w ) sin 5 ( 12 w ) dw .
substitution).
Step 1
We have two options for dealing with the limits. We can deal with the limits as we do the integral or we
can evaluate the indefinite integral and take care of the limits in the last step. We’ll use the latter
method of dealing with the limits for this problem.
In this case notice that both exponents are odd. This means that we can either strip out a cosine and
convert the rest to sines or strip out a sine and convert the rest to cosines. Either are perfectly
acceptable solutions. However, the exponent on the cosine is smaller and so there will be less
conversion work if we strip out a cosine and convert the remaining cosines to sines.
Here is that work.

∫ cos ( w) sin ( w) dw = ∫ cos ( w) sin ( w) cos ( w) dw

3 1 5 1 2 1 5 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
= ∫ (1 − sin ( w ) ) sin ( w ) cos ( w ) dw

2 1
2
5 1
2
1
2
Step 2
We can now use the substitution u = sin ( 12 w ) to evaluate the integral.
3 1
2 dw 2 ∫ (1 − u ) u du
∫ cos ( w) sin ( w)=
5 1
2
2 5
= 2 ∫ u − u du = 2 ( 5 7 1
6 u 6 − 18 u 8 ) + c
Note that we’ll not be doing the actual substitution work here. At this point it is assumed that
you recall substitution well enough to fill in the details if you need to. If you are rusty on
substitutions you should probably go back to the Calculus I practice problems and practice on the
substitutions.
Step 3
∫ cos ( w) sin ( w) dw = sin 6 ( 12 w ) − 14 sin 8 ( 12 w ) + c

3 1 5 1 1
2 2 3
Step 4
Now all we need to do is deal with the limits.
( 13 sin 6 ( 12 w) − 14 sin8 ( 12 w) )
2π 2π
∫π cos3 ( 12 w ) sin 5 ( 12 w ) dw = =
− 121
π
Alternate Solution
As we noted above we could just have easily stripped out a sine and converted the rest to cosines if
we’d wanted to. We’ll not put that work in here, but here is the indefinite integral that you should have
gotten had you done it that way.
∫ cos ( w) sin ( w) dw =
− cos ( w ) + cos 6 ( 12 w ) − 14 cos8 ( 12 w ) + c
3 1 5 1 1 4 1 2
2 2 2 2 3
Note as well that regardless of which approach we use to doing the indefinite integral the value of the
definite integral will be the same.
5. Evaluate sec6 ( 3 y ) tan 2 ( 3 y ) dy .

∫
substitution).

Step 1
The first thing to notice here is that the exponent on the secant is even and so we can strip two of them
out.
∫ sec ( 3 y ) tan ( 3 y ) dy = ∫ sec ( 3 y ) tan ( 3 y ) sec ( 3 y ) dy

6 2 4 2 2
Step 2
Now we can use the trig identity tan 2 θ + 1 =sec 2 θ to convert the remaining secants to tangents.
2
∫ sec ( 3 y ) tan ( 3 y ) dy = ∫ sec ( 3 y ) tan ( 3 y ) sec ( 3 y ) dy
6 2 2 2 2
2
= ∫  tan ( 3 y ) + 1 tan ( 3 y ) sec ( 3 y ) dy
2 2 2
Step 3
We can now use the substitution u = tan ( 3 y ) to evaluate the integral.
2
∫ sec ( 3 y ) tan ( 3=
y ) dy ∫ u + 1 u du
6 2 1 2 2
3
= ∫ u + 2u + u du = ( 1
3
6 4 2 1
3
1
7 u 7 + 52 u 5 + 13 u 3 ) + c
Step 4
∫ sec ( 3 y ) tan ( 3 y ) dy = tan 7 ( 3 y ) + 152 tan 5 ( 3 y ) + 19 tan 3 ( 3 y ) + c

6 2 1
21
∫ tan ( 6 x ) sec ( 6 x ) dx
3 10
6. Evaluate .
substitution).
Step 1
The first thing to notice here is that the exponent on the tangent is odd and we’ve got a secant in the
problems and so we can strip one of each of them out.
∫ tan ( 6 x ) sec ( 6 x ) dx = ∫ tan ( 6 x ) sec ( 6 x ) tan ( 6 x ) sec ( 6 x ) dx

3 10 2 9

Step 2
Now we can use the trig identity tan 2 θ + 1 =sec 2 θ to convert the remaining tangents to secants.
( 6 x ) dx ∫ sec ( 6 x ) − 1 sec ( 6 x )

∫ tan ( 6 x ) sec= tan ( 6 x ) sec ( 6 x ) dx
3 10 2 9
Note that because the exponent on the secant is even we could also have just stripped two of them out
and converted the rest of them to tangents. However, that conversion process would have been
significantly more work than the path that we chose here.
Step 3
We can now use the substitution u = sec ( 6 x ) to evaluate the integral.
∫ tan ( 6 x ) sec ( 6=
x ) dx ∫ u − 1 u du
3 10 1 2 9
6
= ∫ u − u du = (
1
6
11 9 1
6
1
12 u12 − 101 u10 ) + c
Step 4
∫ tan ( 6 x ) sec ( 6 x ) dx = sec12 ( 6 x ) − 601 sec10 ( 6 x ) + c

3 10 1
72
∫ tan 7 ( z ) sec3 ( z ) dz .
4
7. Evaluate
0
substitution).
Step 1
We have two options for dealing with the limits. We can deal with the limits as we do the integral or we
can evaluate the indefinite integral and take care of the limits in the last step. We’ll use the latter
method of dealing with the limits for this problem.
The first thing to notice here is that the exponent on the tangent is odd and we’ve got a secant in the
problems and so we can strip one of each of them out and use the trig identity tan 2 θ + 1 = sec 2 θ to
convert the remaining tangents to secants.

∫ tan ( z ) sec ( z ) dz = ∫ tan ( z ) sec ( z ) tan ( z ) sec ( z ) dz

7 3 6 2
3
= ∫  tan ( z )  sec ( z ) tan ( z ) sec ( z ) dz
2 2
3
= ∫ sec ( z ) − 1 sec ( z ) tan ( z ) sec ( z ) dz
2 2
Step 2
We can now use the substitution u = sec ( z ) to evaluate the integral.
3
) dz ∫ u − 1 u du
∫ tan ( z ) sec ( z=
7 3 2 2
= ∫ u − 3u + 3u − u 8 6 4 2
du = 19 u 9 − 73 u 7 + 53 u 5 − 13 u 3 + c
Note that we’ll not be doing the actual substitution work here. At this point it is assumed that
you recall substitution well enough to fill in the details if you need to. If you are rusty on
substitutions you should probably go back to the Calculus I practice problems and practice on the
substitutions.
Step 3
∫ tan ( z ) sec ( z ) dz = sec9 ( z ) − 73 sec7 ( z ) + 53 sec5 ( z ) − 13 sec3 ( z ) + c

7 3 1
9
Step 4
Now all we need to do is deal with the limits.
( sec9 ( z ) − 73 sec7 ( z ) + 53 sec5 ( z ) − 13 sec3 ( z ) )

π
∫ tan 7 ( z ) sec3 ( z ) dz =
4 1 4
0 9
0
= 315
2
(
8 + 13 2 =0.1675 )
8. Evaluate ∫ cos ( 3t ) sin (8t ) dt .
Step 1
There really isn’t all that much to this problem. All we have to do is use the formula given in this section
for reducing a product of a sine and a cosine into a sum. Doing this gives,
∫ cos ( 3t ) sin (8=

t ) dt ∫ 1
2 sin ( 8t − 3t ) + sin ( 8t + 3=
t )  dt 1
2 ∫ sin ( 5t ) + sin (11t ) dt
Make sure that you pay attention to the formula! The formula given in this section listed the sine first
instead of the cosine. Make sure that you used the formula correctly!

Step 2
Now all we need to do is evaluate the integral.
∫ cos ( 3t ) sin (8t ) dt = ( − 1

2
1
5 cos ( 5t ) − 111 cos (11t ) ) + c =− 101 cos ( 5t ) − 221 cos (11t ) + c
3
9. Evaluate ∫ sin ( 8 x ) sin ( x ) dx .
1
Step 1
There really isn’t all that much to this problem. All we have to do is use the formula given in this section
for reducing a product of a sine and a cosine into a sum. Doing this gives,
3 3 3
∫ sin ( 8 x ) sin
= ( x ) dx ∫ 1
cos ( 8 x − x ) − cos ( 8 x +
= x )  dx 1
∫ cos ( 7 x ) − cos ( 9 x ) dx
1 1 2 2 1
Step 2
Now all we need to do is evaluate the integral.
3 3
∫ sin ( 8 x=
) sin ( x ) dx 1
2  71 sin ( 7 x ) − 19 sin ( 9 x ) 
1 1
14 sin ( 21) − 18 sin ( 27 ) − 14 sin ( 7 ) + 18 sin ( 9 ) =

= −0.0174
1 1 1 1
Make sure your calculator is set to radians if you computed a decimal answer!
∫ cot (10 z ) csc (10 z ) dz

4
10. Evaluate .
Hint : Even though no examples of products of cotangents and cosecants were done in the notes for this
section you should know how to do them. Ask yourself how you would do the problem if it involved
tangents and secants instead and you should be able to see how to do this problem as well.
Step 1
Other than the obvious difference in the actual functions there is no practical difference in how this
problem and one that had tangents and secants would work. So, all we need to do is ask ourselves how
this would work if it involved tangents and secants and we’ll be able to work this on as well.
We can first notice here is that the exponent on the cotangent is odd and we’ve got a cosecant in the
problems and so we can strip the (only) cotangent and one of the secants out.
∫ cot (10 z ) csc (10 z ) dz = ∫ csc (10 z ) cot (10 z ) csc (10 z ) dz
4 3

Step 2
Normally we would use the trig identity cot 2 θ + 1 = csc 2 θ to convert the remaining cotangents to
cosecants. However, in this case there are no remaining cotangents to convert and so there really isn’t
anything to do at this point other than to use the substitution u = csc (10 z ) to evaluate the integral.
∫ cot (10 z ) csc (10 z ) dz =

− ∫u
4 3
1
10 − 401 u 4 + c
du =
Step 3
− csc (10 z ) + c
∫ cot (10 z ) csc (10 z ) dz =
4 1 4
40
∫ csc ( w) cot ( w) dw
6 4
11. Evaluate 1
4
1
4
.
Hint : Even though no examples of products of cotangents and cosecants were done in the notes for this
section you should know how to do them. Ask yourself how you would do the problem if it involved
tangents and secants instead and you should be able to see how to do this problem as well.
Step 1
Other than the obvious difference in the actual functions there is no practical difference in how this
problem and one that had tangents and secants would work. So, all we need to do is ask ourselves how
this would work if it involved tangents and secants and we’ll be able to work this on as well.
We can first notice here is that the exponent on the cosecant is even and so we can strip out two of
them.
∫ csc ( w) cot ( w) dw = ∫ csc ( w) cot ( w) csc 2 ( 14 w ) dw

6 1 4 1 4 1 4 1
4 4 4 4
Step 2
Now we can use the trig identity cot 2 θ + 1 =csc 2 θ to convert the remaining cosecants to cotangents.
2
∫ csc ( w) cot ( w) dw = ∫ csc ( w) cot ( w) csc ( w) dw
6 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 2 1
4 4 4 4 4
2
= ∫ cot ( w ) + 1 cot ( w ) csc ( w ) dw 2 1
4
4 1
4
2 1
4
Step 3

Now we can use the substitution u = cot ( 14 w ) to evaluate the integral.
2
∫ csc ( w) cot ( w) dw =
−4 ∫ u + 1 u du
6 1 4 1 2 4
4 4
−4 ∫ u + 2u + u du =
= 8
−4 ( 6 4 1
9 u 9 + 72 u 7 + 15 u 5 ) + c
Step 4
∫ csc ( w) cot ( w) dw =
− cot ( w ) − cot 7 ( 14 w ) − 54 cot 5 ( 14 w ) + c
6 1 4 1 4 9 1 8
4 4 9 4 7
⌠ sec 4 ( 2t )
12. Evaluate  dt .
⌡ tan 9
( 2t )
Hint : How would you do this problem if it were a product?
Step 1
If this were a product of secants and tangents we would know how to do it. The same ideas work here,
except that we have to pay attention to only the numerator. We can’t strip anything out of the
denominator (in general) and expect it to work the same way. We can only strip things out of the
numerator.
So, let’s notice here is that the exponent on the secant is even and so we can strip out two of them.
⌠ sec 4 ( 2t ) ⌠ sec 2 ( 2t ) 2
 tan 9 2t dt =  tan 9 2t sec ( 2t ) dt
⌡ ( ) ⌡ ( )
Step 2
Now we can use the trig identity tan 2 θ + 1 =sec 2 θ to convert the remaining secants to tangents.
⌠ sec 4 ( 2t ) ⌠ tan 2 ( 2t ) + 1 2
 tan 9 2t dt =  tan 9 2t sec ( 2t ) dt
⌡ ( ) ⌡ ( )
Step 3
Now we can use the substitution u = tan ( 2t ) to evaluate the integral.

⌠ sec 4 ( 2t ) 2
1 ⌠ u +1
2 ∫u
−7
 tan 9 2t dt =2 du =1
+ u −9 du =1
 1 −6 − 81 u −8  + c
2 − 6 u
⌡ ( ) ⌡ u 9
Step 4
⌠ sec 4 ( 2t )
 tan 9 2t dt =− 12
1 1
− 161 1
+ c =− 121 cot 6 ( 2t ) − 161 cot 8 ( 2t ) + c
⌡ ( ) tan 6 ( 2 t ) tan 8 ( 2 t )
⌠ 2 + 7 sin 3 ( z )
13. Evaluate  dz .
⌡ cos ( z )
2
Hint : How would you do this problem if it were a product?
Step 1
Because of the sum in the numerator it makes some sense (hopefully) to maybe split the integrand (and
then the integral) up into two as follows.
⌠ 2 + 7 sin 3 ( z ) ⌠ 2 7 sin 3 ( z ) ⌠ 2 ⌠ 7 sin 3 ( z )

 cos 2 z dz = + dz = dz +  dz
⌡ ( ) ⌡ cos ( z ) cos ( z )
2 2
⌡ cos ( z )
2
⌡ cos ( z )
2
Step 2
Now, the first integral looks difficult at first glance, but we can easily rewrite this in terms of secants at
which point it becomes a really easy integral.
For the second integral again, think about how we would do that if it was a product instead of a
quotient. In that case we would simply strip out a sine.
⌠ 2 + 7 sin 3 ( z ) ⌠ sin 2 ( z )
 cos= dz ∫ 2sec 2
( z ) dz + 7  cos 2 z sin ( z ) dz
⌡
2
( z) ⌡ ( )
Step 3
As noted above the first integral is now very easy (which we’ll do in the next step) and for the second
integral we can use the trig identity sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ =
1 to convert the remaining sines in the second
integral to cosines.

⌠ 2 + 7 sin 3 ( z ) ⌠ 1 − cos 2 ( z )
 cos= dz ∫ 2sec 2
( z ) dz + 7  cos 2 z sin ( z ) dz
⌡
2
( z) ⌡ ( )
Step 4
Now we can use the substitution u = cos ( z ) to evaluate the second integral. The first integral doesn’t
need any extra work.
⌠ 2 + 7 sin 3 ( z ) 2
⌠ 1 − u du
 cos 2 z = dz 2 tan ( z ) − 7  2
⌡ ( ) ⌡ u
1 du 2 tan ( z ) − 7 ( −u −1 − u ) + c
= 2 tan ( z ) − 7 ∫ u −2 −=
Step 5
⌠ 2 + 7 sin 3 ( z )
 cos 2 z dz = 2 tan ( z ) + 7 cos1( z ) + 7 cos ( z ) + c = 2 tan ( z ) + 7 sec ( z ) + 7 cos ( z ) + c
⌡ ( )
∫ 9sin ( 3x ) − 2 cos ( 3x ) csc ( 3x ) dx

5 3 4
14. Evaluate .
Hint : Since this has a mix of trig functions maybe the best option would be to first get it reduced down
to just a couple that we know how to deal with.
Step 1
To get started on this problem we should first probably see if we can reduce the integrand down to just
sines and cosines. This is easy enough to do simply by recalling the definition of cosecant in terms of
sine.
⌠ 1
∫ 9sin ( 3x ) − 2 cos ( 3x ) csc ( 3x ) dx =
 9sin ( 3 x ) − 2 cos ( 3 x ) 
5 3 4 5 3
dx
⌡ sin ( 3 x ) 4
⌠ cos3 ( 3 x )
=  9sin ( 3 x ) − 2 4 dx
⌡ sin ( 3 x )
Step 2
The first integral is simple enough to do without any extra work.

For the second integral again, think about how we would do that if it was a product instead of a
quotient. In that case we would simply strip out a cosine.
⌠ cos 2 ( 3 x )
∫
 9sin 5
( 3 x ) − 2 cos 3
( 3 x ) 
 csc 4
( 3 x ) dx =−
 9sin ( 3 x ) 2 cos ( 3 x ) dx
⌡ sin 4 ( 3 x )
Step 3
For the second integral we can use the trig identity sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ =
1 to convert the remaining cosines
to sines.
⌠ 1 − sin 2 ( 3 x )
∫ 9sin ( 3x ) − 2 cos ( 3x ) csc ( 3x ) dx =
∫ 9sin ( 3x ) dx − 2⌡ sin 4 ( 3x ) cos ( 3x ) dx
5 3 4
Step 4
Now we can use the substitution u = sin ( 3 x ) to evaluate the second integral. The first integral doesn’t
need any extra work.
2
⌠ 1− u
∫ 9sin ( 3x ) − 2 cos ( 3x ) csc ( 3x ) dx =
∫ 9sin ( 3x ) dx − ⌡ u 4 du
5 3 4 2
3
∫ 9sin ( 3x ) dx − ∫ u
−4
= 2
3 − u −2 du
=−3cos ( 3 x ) − 23 ( − 13 u −3 + u −1 ) + c
Step 5
∫ 9sin ( 3x ) − 2 cos ( 3x ) csc ( 3x ) dx =

−3cos ( 3 x ) +
5 3 4 2 1
9 sin 3 ( 3 x ) − 32 sin (13 x ) + c
−3cos ( 3 x ) + 92 csc3 ( 3 x ) − 32 csc ( 3 x ) + c

=

1. Use a trig substitution to eliminate the root in 4 − 9z 2 .
Hint : When determining which trig function to use for the substitution recall from the notes in this
section that we will use one of three trig identities to convert the sum or difference under the root into
a single trig function. Which trig identity is closest to the quantity under the root?
Step 1
The first step is to figure out which trig function to use for the substitution. To determine this notice
that (ignoring the numbers) the quantity under the root looks similar to the identity,
1 − sin 2 (θ ) =
cos 2 (θ )
So, it looks like sine is probably the correct trig function to use for the substitution. Now, we need to
deal with the numbers on the two terms.
Hint : In order to actually use the identity from the first step we need to get the numbers in each term to
be identical upon doing the substitution. So, what would the coefficient of the trig function need to be
in order to convert the coefficient of the variable into the constant term once we’ve done the
substitution?
Step 2
To get the coefficient on the trig function notice that we need to turn the 9 into a 4 once we’ve
substituted the trig function in for z and squared the substitution out. With that in mind it looks like the
substitution should be,
z = 23 sin (θ )
Now, all we have to do is actually perform the substitution and eliminate the root.
Step 3
4 − 9 z 2 = 4 − 9 ( 23 sin (θ ) ) = 4 − 9 ( 94 ) sin 2 (θ )
2
4 − 4sin 2 (θ ) =
= 2 1 − sin 2 (θ )
cos 2 (θ ) 2 cos (θ )
= 2=
Note that because we don’t know the values of θ we can’t determine if the cosine is positive or
negative and so cannot get rid of the absolute value bars here.
2. Use a trig substitution to eliminate the root in 13 + 25x 2 .

Step 1
The first step is to figure out which trig function to use for the substitution. To determine this notice
that (ignoring the numbers) the quantity under the root looks similar to the identity,
1 + tan 2 (θ ) =
sec 2 (θ )
So, it looks like tangent is probably the correct trig function to use for the substitution. Now, we need to
substitution?
Step 2
substituted the trig function in for x and squared the substitution out. With that in mind it looks like the
x= 13
5 tan (θ )
Step 3
( )
2
13 + 25 x 2 = 13 + 25 13
5 tan (θ ) 25 ) tan (θ )
= 13 + 25 ( 13 2
13 + 13 tan 2 (θ ) =
= 13 1 + tan 2 (θ )
= 13 sec 2 (θ )
= 13 sec (θ )
Note that because we don’t know the values of θ we can’t determine if the secant is positive or
( )
5
3. Use a trig substitution to eliminate the root in 7t 2 − 3 2
.

Step 1
First, notice that there really is a root here as the term can be written as,
5 5
( 7t − 3) 2 = ( 7t 2 − 3) 2  =  7t 2 − 3 
5 1
2
   
Now, we need to figure out which trig function to use for the substitution. To determine this notice that
(ignoring the numbers) the quantity under the root looks similar to the identity,
sec 2 (θ ) − 1 =tan 2 (θ )
So, it looks like secant is probably the correct trig function to use for the substitution. Now, we need to
substitution?
Step 2
substituted the trig function in for t and squared the substitution out. With that in mind it looks like the
t= 3
7
sec (θ )
Step 3
5
( 7t 2 − 3) 2=  7t 2 − 3 
5
5
 
( )
2 5
=  7 3
θ ) − 3   7 ( 73 ) sec 2 (θ ) − 3 
sec (=
  
7

5 5
=  3sec 2 (θ =
) − 3   3 sec2 (θ ) − 1

5 5 5
= =3 tan 2 (θ )  3 2 tan (θ )
 
Note that because we don’t know the values of θ we can’t determine if the tangent is positive or
( w + 3)
2
4. Use a trig substitution to eliminate the root in − 100 .

Hint : Just because this looks a little different from the first couple of problems in this section doesn’t
mean that it works any differently. The term under the root still looks vaguely like one of three trig
identities we need to use to convert the quantity under the root into a single trig function.
Step 1
Okay, first off we need to acknowledge that this does look a little bit different from the first few
problems in this section. However, it isn’t really all that different. We still have a difference between a
squared term with a variable in it and a number. This looks similar to the following trig identity (ignoring
the coefficients as usual).
sec 2 (θ ) − 1 =tan 2 (θ )
So, secant is the trig function we’ll need to use for the substitution here and we now need to deal with
the numbers on the terms and get the substitution set up.
Hint : Dealing with the numbers in this case is no different than the first few problems in this section.
Step 2
Before dealing with the coefficient on the trig function let’s notice that we’ll be substituting in for w + 3
in this case since that is the quantity that is being squared in the first term.
So, to get the coefficient on the trig function notice that we need to turn the 1 (i.e. the coefficient of the
squared term) into a 100 once we’ve done the substitution. With that in mind it looks like the
10 sec (θ )
w+3=
Step 3
(10sec (θ ) ) =
2
( w + 3) = − 100 10 sec 2 (θ ) − 1
100sec 2 (θ )=
2
− 100 − 100
= 10
= tan 2 (θ ) 10 tan (θ )
4 ( 9t − 5 ) + 1 .
2
5. Use a trig substitution to eliminate the root in
Hint : Just because this looks a little different from the first couple of problems in this section doesn’t
mean that it works any differently. The term under the root still looks vaguely like one of three trig
identities we need to use to convert the quantity under the root into a single trig function.

Step 1
Okay, first off we need to acknowledge that this does look a little bit different from the first few
problems in this section. However, it isn’t really all that different. We still have a sum of a squared term
with a variable in it and a number. This looks similar to the following trig identity (ignoring the
coefficients as usual).
tan 2 (θ ) + 1 =sec 2 (θ )
So, tangent is the trig function we’ll need to use for the substitution here and we now need to deal with
the numbers on the terms and get the substitution set up.
Hint : Dealing with the numbers in this case is no different than the first few problems in this section.
Step 2
Before dealing with the coefficient on the trig function let’s notice that we’ll be substituting in for 9t − 5
in this case since that is the quantity that is being squared in the first term.
So, to get the coefficient on the trig function notice that we need to turn the 4 (i.e. the coefficient of the
squared term) into a 1 once we’ve done the substitution. With that in mind it looks like the substitution
should be,
9t − 5 =2 tan (θ )
1
Step 3
4 ( 12 tan (θ ) ) + 1 4 ( 14 )=
2
( 9t − 5) + 1 tan 2 (θ ) + 1 tan 2 (θ ) + 1
2
4= =
= sec 2 (θ )
= sec (θ )
6. Use a trig substitution to eliminate the root in 1 − 4 z − 2 z 2 .
Hint : This doesn’t look much like a term that can use a trig substitution. So, the first step should
probably be to some algebraic manipulation on the quantity under the root to make it look more like a
problem that can use a trig substitution.
Step 1
We know that in order to do a trig substitution we really need a sum or difference of a term with a
variable squared and a number. This clearly does not fit into that form. However, that doesn’t mean

that we can’t do some algebraic manipulation on the quantity under the root to get into a form that we
can do a trig substitution on.
Because the quantity under the root is a quadratic polynomial we know that we can complete the
square on it to turn it into something like what we need for a trig substitution.
Here is the completing the square work.
−2 ( z 2 + 2 z − 12 ) [1] =
2
 12 ( 2 )  =
2
1− 4z − 2z2 = 1
−2 ( z 2 + 2 z + 1 − 1 − 12 )
=
−2 ( z + 1) − 32 
2
=
 
3 2 ( z + 1)
2
=−
So, after completing the square the term can be written as,
3 − 2 ( z + 1)
2
1− 4z − 2z2 =
Hint : At this point the problem works in the same manner as the previous problems in this section.
Step 2
So, in this case we see that we have a difference of a number and a squared term with a variable in it.
This suggests that sine is the correct trig function to use for the substation.
Now, to get the coefficient on the trig function notice that we need to turn the 2 (i.e. the coefficient of
the squared term) into a 3 once we’ve done the substitution. With that in mind it looks like the
z + 1 =32 sin (θ )
Step 3
( )
2
3 − 2 ( z + 1) = sin (θ )
2
1− 4z − 2z2 = 3− 2 3
2
3 − 3sin 2 (θ ) =
= 3 cos 2 (θ ) =3 cos (θ )
Note that because we don’t know the values of θ we can’t determine if the cosine is positive or

( )
3
7. Use a trig substitution to eliminate the root in x 2 − 8 x + 21 2
.
Step 1
variable squared and a number. This clearly does not fit into that form. However, that doesn’t mean
that we can’t do some algebraic manipulation on the quantity under the root to get into a form that we
can do a trig substitution on.
Because the quantity under the root is a quadratic polynomial we know that we can complete the
square on it to turn it into something like what we need for a trig substitution.
Here is the completing the square work.
[ 4] =16
2
 12 ( −8 )  =−
2
x 2 − 8 x + 21 =x 2 − 8 x + 16 − 16 + 21
( x − 4)
2
= +5
So, after completing the square the term can be written as,
( )
3 3
( x2 − 8x + 21) 2 =
3
( x − 4) + 5 = ( x − 4 ) + 5 
2 2 2
 
Note that we also explicitly put the root into the problem as well.
Step 2
So, in this case we see that we have a sum of a squared term with a variable in it and a number. This
suggests that tangent is the correct trig function to use for the substation.
x − 4 =5 tan (θ )
Step 3

3 3
 
( x − 8 x + 21) =  ( )
3 2
2 2
( x − 4
2
+ 5 
) =  5 tan (θ ) + 5
  
3 3
=  5 tan 2 (θ =
) + 5   5 tan 2 (θ ) + 1

3 3 3
= =5 sec 2 (θ )  5 2 sec (θ )
 
8. Use a trig substitution to eliminate the root in e8 x − 9 .
Step 1
variable squared and a number. Even though this doesn’t look anything like the “normal” trig
substitution problems it is actually pretty close to one. To see this all we need to do is rewrite the term
under the root as follows.
(e x )
2
e8 x=
−9 4
−9
All we did here was take advantage of the basic exponent rules to make it clear that we really do have a
difference here of a squared term containing a variable and a number.
Step 2
The form of the quantity under the root suggests that secant is the correct trig function to use for the
substation.
e 4 x = 3sec (θ )
Step 3

)) − 9
( 3sec (θ=
2
e8 x − 9
= 9sec 2 (θ ) − 9
(θ ) − 1 3 tan
= 3 sec 2= = 2
(θ ) 3 tan (θ )
⌠ x 2 + 16
9. Use a trig substitution to evaluate  dx .
⌡ x4
Step 1
In this case it looks like we’ll need the following trig substitution.
x = 4 tan (θ )
Now we need to use the substitution to eliminate the root and get set up for actually substituting this
into the integral.
Step 2
Let’s first use the substitution to eliminate the root.
2
x= + 16 16 tan 2 (θ=
) + 16 4 sec
= 2
(θ ) 4 sec (θ )
Next, because we are doing an indefinite integral we will assume that the secant is positive and so we
can drop the absolute value bars to get,
4sec (θ )
x 2 + 16 =
For a final substitution preparation step let’s also compute the differential so we don’t forget to use that
in the substitution!
dx = 4sec 2 (θ ) dθ
Step 3
Now let’s do the actual substitution.
⌠ x 2 + 16 ⌠ 4sec (θ ) ⌠ sec3 (θ )
=
 dx = 4sec (θ ) dθ 
2
dθ
⌡ ( 4 tan (θ ) ) ⌡ 16 tan (θ )
4
⌡ x4 4

Do not forget to substitute in the differential we computed in the previous step. This is probably the
most common mistake with trig substitutions. Forgetting the differential can substantially change the
problem, often making the integral very difficult to evaluate.
Step 4
We now need to evaluate the integral. In this case the integral looks to be a little difficult to do in terms
of secants and tangents so let’s convert the integrand to sines and cosines and see what we get. Doing
this gives,
⌠ x 2 + 16 1 ⌠ cos (θ )
 dx =  4 dθ
⌡ x 4
16 ⌡ sin (θ )
This is a simple integral to evaluate so here is the integral evaluation.
⌠ x 2 + 16 1 ⌠ cos (θ )
= dx = dθ u sin (θ )
⌡ x 4
16 
⌡ sin (θ )
4
= 161 ∫ u −4 du
−3
=− 481 u −3 + c =− 481 sin (θ )  + c =− 481 csc3 (θ ) + c
Don’t forget all the “standard” manipulations of the integrand that we often need to do in order to
evaluate integrals involving trig functions. If you don’t recall them you’ll need to go back to the previous
section and work some practice problems to get good at them.
Every trig substitution problem reduces down to an integral involving trig functions and the majority of
them will need some manipulation of the integrand in order to evaluate.
Step 5
As the final step we just need to go back to x’s. To do this we’ll need a quick right triangle. Here is that
work.
From the substitution we have,

x  opp 
(θ )
tan= =  
4  adj 
From the right triangle we get,

x 2 + 16
csc (θ ) =
x

The integral is then,
( x 2 + 16 )
3 3
1  x 2 + 16 
2
⌠ x 2 + 16
 dx =−   + c =− +c
⌡ x4 48  x  48 x3
10. Use a trig substitution to evaluate ∫ 1 − 7w2 dw .
Step 1
w= 1
7
sin (θ )
into the integral.
Step 2
1 − 7 w2 = 1 − sin 2 (θ ) = cos 2 (θ ) =cos (θ )
Next, because we are doing an indefinite integral we will assume that the cosine is positive and so we
cos (θ )
1 − 7 w2 =
dw = 1
7
cos (θ ) dθ
Step 3

∫ 1 − 7 w dw ∫ cos (θ ) (=
cos (θ ) ) dθ ∫ cos (θ ) dθ
2 2
= 1
7
1
7
Step 4
We now need to evaluate the integral. Here is that work.
∫ 1 − 7 w2 dw =17 ∫ 12 1 + cos ( 2θ )  dθ =2 1 7 θ + 12 sin ( 2θ )  + c
Step 5
As the final step we just need to go back to w’s.
To eliminate the the first term (i.e. the θ ) we can use any of the inverse trig functions. The easiest is to
probably just use the original substitution and get a formula involving inverse sine but any of the six trig
functions could be used if we wanted to. Using the substitution gives us,
sin
= (θ ) 7w ⇒ =θ sin −1 ( 7w )
Eliminating the sin ( 2θ ) requires a little more work. We can’t just use a right triangle as we normally
would because that would only give trig functions with an argument of θ and we have an argument of
2θ . However, we could use the double angle formula for sine to reduce this to trig functions with
arguments of θ . Doing this gives,
∫ 1 − 7 w2 dw =2 1 7 θ + sin (θ ) cos (θ )  + c
We can now do the right triangle work.

7 w  opp 
sin (θ )
= =  
1  hyp 

cos (θ=
) 1 − 7w2
∫ 7 w2 dw
1 −= 1
2 7
sin −1
 ( )
7 w + 7 w 1 − 7 w2  + c

∫ ( )
5
11. Use a trig substitution to evaluate t 3 3t 2 − 4 2
dt .
Step 1
First, do not get excited about the exponent in the integrand. These types of problems work exactly the
same as those with just a root (as opposed to this case in which we have a root to a power – you do
agree that is what we have right?). So, in this case it looks like we’ll need the following trig substitution.
t= 2
3
sec (θ )
into the integral.
Step 2
5 5 5
( 3t − 4 ) 2 =  3t 2 − 4  =  4sec 2 (θ ) − 4  =  2 tan 2 (θ )  = 32 tan (θ )
5 5
2
     
Next, because we are doing an indefinite integral we will assume that the tangent is positive and so we
( 3t − 4)2 =
5
2
32 tan 5 (θ )

dt = 2
3
sec (θ ) tan (θ ) dθ
Step 3
( )
∫ 23 sec (θ ) ( 32 tan (θ ) )
∫ t ( 3t − 4 ) dt = ( )
5 3
3 2 2 3 5 2
3
sec (θ ) tan (θ ) dθ
9 ∫ sec (θ ) tan (θ ) dθ
4 6
= 512
Step 4
∫ t ( 3t ) 2 dt ∫ ( tan (θ ) + 1) tan (θ ) sec (θ ) dθ

5
3 2
− 4= 512
9
2 6 2
=u tan (θ )
∫ ( u + 1) u du = ∫ u + u du
2 6 8 6
=512
9
512
9
= 512
9
 19 tan 9 (θ ) + 17 tan 7 (θ )  + c
Step 5
As the final step we just need to go back to t’s. To do this we’ll need a quick right triangle. Here is that
work.

3 t  hyp 
sec
= (θ ) =  
2  adj 

3t 2 − 4
tan (θ ) =
2

  2 
9
 2 
7

512 1 3t − 4 1 3t − 4
∫ t (=
3t − 4 ) dt
5
3 2 2
   +   +c
9  9  2  7
  2  
 

( 3t − 4)2 4 ( 3t 2 − 4 ) 2
9 7
2
= + +c
81 63
−5
⌠ 2
12. Use a trig substitution to evaluate  dy .
4
⌡−7 y y 2 − 25
Step 1
y = 5sec (θ )
into the integral.
Step 2
2
y= − 25 25sec 2 (θ=
) − 25 5 tan=
2
(θ ) 5 tan (θ )
Step 3
Okay, in this case we have limits on y and so we can get limits on θ that will allow us to determine if
tangent is positive or negative to allow us to eliminate the absolute value bars.
So, let’s get some limits on θ .

y =−7 : − 7 =5sec (θ ) → sec (θ ) =− 75 → θ =sec −1 ( − 75 ) =2.3664

y =−5 : − 5 =5sec (θ ) → sec (θ ) =−1 → θ =π
So, θ ’s for this problem are in the range 2.3664 ≤ θ ≤ π and these are in the second quadrant. In the
second quadrant we know that tangent is negative and so we can drop the absolute value bars provided
we add in a minus sign. This gives,
−5 tan (θ )
y 2 − 25 =
dy = 5sec (θ ) tan (θ ) dθ
Step 4
−5 π
⌠ 2 ⌠ 2
 dy =  ( 5sec (θ ) tan (θ ) ) dθ
⌡2.3664 5 sec (θ ) ( −5 tan (θ ) )
4 4
⌡−7 y 4 y 2 − 25
π
2 ⌠ 1
= −  dθ
625 ⌡2.3664 sec (θ )
3
Also notice that upon doing the substation we replaced the y limits with the θ limits. This will help with
a later step.
Step 5
We now need to evaluate the integral. In terms of secants this integral would be pretty difficult,
however we a quick change to cosines we get the following integral.
−5
⌠ 2 2 π
 dy = − ∫ cos3 (θ ) dθ
4 2
⌡−7 y y − 25 625 2.3664
This should be relatively simple to do so here is the integration work.

−5
⌠ 2 2 π
 4 2
dy =
−
625 ∫ (1 − sin 2 (θ ) ) cos (θ ) dθ sin (θ )
u=
⌡−7 y y − 25 2.3664
sin (π )
=
− 625
2
∫ 1 − u 2 du
sin ( 2.3664 )
0
=
− 625
2
u − 13 u 3  0.001874
=
0.69986
Also, note that because we converted the limits at every substitution into limits for the “new” variable
we did not need to do any back substitution work on our answer!
4
13. Use a trig substitution to evaluate ∫1
2 z 5 2 + 9 z 2 dz .
Step 1
z= 3
2
tan (θ )
into the integral.
Step 2
2 + 9 z 2 = 2 + 2 tan 2 (θ ) = 2 sec 2 (θ ) = 2 sec (θ )
Step 3
Okay, in this case we have limits on z and so we can get limits on θ that will allow us to determine if
tangent is positive or negative to allow us to eliminate the absolute value bars.
So, let’s get some limits on θ .
z = 1: 1 = 3
2
tan (θ ) → tan (θ ) = 3
2
→ θ = tan −1 ( ) = 1.1303
3
2
z = 4: 4 = 3
2
tan (θ ) → tan (θ ) = 12
2
→ θ = tan −1 ( ) = 1.4535
12
2

So, θ ’s for this problem are in the range 1.1303 ≤ θ ≤ 1.4535 and these are in the first quadrant. In
the first quadrant we know that cosine, and hence secant, is positive and so we can just drop the
absolute value bars. This gives,
2 + 9z2 =2 sec (θ )
dz = 3
2
sec 2 (θ ) dθ
Step 4
( ) ( )( )
4 1.4535 5
∫ ⌠
2 z 5 2 + 9 z 2 dz = 2 2
tan 5 (θ ) 2 sec (θ ) 2
sec 2 (θ ) dθ
1 ⌡1.1303 3 3
1.4535
= 167292 ∫ tan 5 (θ ) sec3 (θ ) dθ
1.1303
Also notice that upon doing the substation we replaced the y limits with the θ limits. This will help with
a later step.
Step 5
4 1.4535 2
∫ 2z5 =
2 + 9 z 2 dz ∫ sec (θ ) − 1 sec (θ ) tan (θ ) sec (θ ) dθ
16 2 2 2
1 729 1.1303
sec(1.4535 ) 2
=729 ∫sec 1.1303 u − 1 u du
16 2
 2  2 sec (θ )
u=
( )
8.5444
= 16 2
729 ∫2.3452
u 6 − 2u 4 + u 2 du
8.5444
 7 u − 5 u + 3 u  2.3452
1 7 2 5 1 3
= 16 2
729 = 14182.86074

Also, note that because we converted the limits at every substitution into limits for the “new” variable
we did not need to do any back substitution work on our answer!
⌠ 1
14. Use a trig substitution to evaluate  dx .
⌡ 9 x 2 − 36 x + 37
Step 1
The first thing we’ll need to do here is complete the square on the polynomial to get this into a form we
can use a trig substitution on.
9 x 2 − 36 x + 37= 9 ( x 2 − 4 x + 379 )= 9 ( x 2 − 4 x + 4 − 4 + 379 )= 9 ( x − 2 ) + 19 

2
 
= 9 ( x − 2) + 1
2
The integral is now,
⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
 dx =  dx
⌡ 9 x − 36 x + 37 ⌡ 9 ( x − 2) + 1
2 2
Now we can proceed with the trig substitution.
Step 2
It looks like we’ll need to the following trig substitution.
x−2=3 tan (θ )
1
Next let’s eliminate the root.
9( x −=
2) + 1 tan (θ=
) +1 (θ ) sec (θ )
2 2 2
sec
=
9 ( x − 2) + 1 =sec (θ )
2
(=
1) dx 1
3 sec 2 (θ ) dθ ⇒ dx
= 1
3 sec 2 (θ ) dθ

Recall that all we really need to do here is compute the differential for both the right and left sides of
the substitution.
Step 3
⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 1 2  1
sec (θ )  dθ sec (θ ) dθ
3∫
=
 dx = 
⌡ 9 x 2 − 36 x + 37 ⌡ sec (θ )  3 
Step 4
⌠ 1 1
 dx
= ln sec (θ ) + tan (θ ) + c
⌡ 9 x − 36 x + 37
2 3
Note that this was one of the few trig substitution integrals that didn’t really require a lot of
manipulation of trig functions to completely evaluate. All we had to really do here was use the fact that
we determined the integral of sec (θ ) in the previous section and reuse that result here.
Step 5
work.

3 ( x − 2 )  opp 
tan (θ )
= =  
1  adj 

sec (θ )= 9 ( x − 2) + 1
2

⌠ 1 1
ln 9 ( x − 2 ) + 1 + 3 ( x − 2 ) + c
2
 = dx
⌡ 9 x 2 − 36 x + 37 3
⌠ ( z + 3)
5
15. Use a trig substitution to evaluate  dz .

 40 − 6 z − z 2 32
⌡( )
Step 1
The first thing we’ll need to do here is complete the square on the polynomial to get this into a form we
can use a trig substitution on.
− ( z 2 + 6 z + 9 − 9 − 40 ) =
− ( z 2 + 6 z − 40 ) = − ( z + 3) − 49 
2
40 − 6 z − z 2 =
 
= 49 − ( z + 3)
2
The integral is now,
⌠ ⌠
( z + 3) ( z + 3)
5 5
 dz =  dz
⌡( )
 40 − 6 z − z 2 32
( )
3
 49 − z + 3 2
( )
2
⌡
Now we can proceed with the trig substitution.
Step 2
It looks like we’ll need to the following trig substitution.
z +3=7 sin (θ )
( )
3 3 3 3
3
49 − ( z + 3) =  49 − ( z + 3) =  49 − 49sin 2 (θ ) = 7 cos 2 (θ ) = 343 cos (θ )
2 2
     
Next, because we are doing an indefinite integral we will assume that the cosine is positive and so we
( )
3
49 − ( z + 3) 343cos3 (θ )
2 2
=

(=
1) dz 7 cos (θ ) dθ ⇒ =dz 7 cos (θ ) dθ
the substitution.
Step 3
⌠ ( z + 3)
5
⌠ 16807 sin 5 (θ ) ⌠ sin 5 (θ )

= dz = ( 7 cos (θ ) ) dθ 343 cos2 θ dθ
 40 − 6 z − z 2 32
⌡( ) ⌡ 343cos 3
( θ ) ⌡ ( )
Step 4
2
⌠ ( z + 3)
5
⌠ 1 − cos 2 (θ ) 
 dz 343
=  sin (θ ) dθ u cos (θ )
⌡( )
 40 − 6 z − z 2 32 
⌡ cos 2
(θ )
2
⌠ 1 − u 
2
=−343 2
du =−343∫ u −2 − 2 + u 2 du
⌡ u
−343 ( −u −1 − 2u + 13 u 3 ) + c
=
 1 1 
−343  −
= − 2 cos (θ ) + cos3 (θ )  + c
 cos (θ ) 3 
Step 5
As the final step we just need to go back to z’s. To do this we’ll need a quick right triangle. Here is that
work.

z + 3  adj 
sin (θ )
= =  
7  hyp 

49 − ( z + 3)
2
cos (θ ) =
7
( )
3
49 − ( z + 3)
2 2
⌠ ( z + 3)
5
2401
+ 98 49 − ( z + 3) −
2
 = dz +c
⌡( )
 40 − 6 z − z 2 32 49 − ( z + 3)
2 3
16. Use a trig substitution to evaluate ∫ cos ( x ) 9 + 25sin 2 ( x ) dx .
Step 1
Let’s first rewrite the integral a little bit.
2
∫ cos ( x ) 9 + 25sin 2 ( x ) dx =⌠ cos ( x ) 9 + 25 sin ( x )  dx
⌡
Step 2
With the integral written as it is in the first step we can now see that we do have a sum of a number and
something squared under the root. We know from the problems done previously in this section that
looks like a tangent substitution. So, let’s use the following substitution.
sin ( x ) = 53 tan (θ )
Do not get excited about the fact that we are substituting one trig function for another. That will
happen on occasion with these kinds of problems. Note however, that we need to be careful and make
sure that we also change the variable from x (i.e. the variable in the original trig function) into θ (i.e. the
variable in the new trig function).

2 2
9 + 25 sin ( x )  =
9 + 25  53 tan (θ )  =
9 + 9 tan 2 (θ ) =
3 sec 2 (θ ) =
3 sec (θ )
2
3sec (θ )
9 + 25 sin ( x )  =
cos ( x ) dx = 53 sec 2 (θ ) dθ
the substitution.
Step 3
⌠ 9 + 25 sin ( x )  2 cos ( x ) dx
∫ cos ( x ) 9 + 25sin 2 ( x ) dx =
⌡  
= ( 3sec (θ ) ) ( sec (θ ) ) dθ ∫ sec (θ ) dθ
∫= 3
5
2 9
5
3
Step 4
∫ cos ( x ) ( x ) dx
9 + 25sin 2= 9
10
sec (θ ) tan (θ ) + ln sec (θ ) + tan (θ )  + c
Note that this was one of the few trig substitution integrals that didn’t really require a lot of
manipulation of trig functions to completely evaluate. All we had to really do here was use the fact that
we determined the integral of sec3 (θ ) in the previous section and reuse that result here.
Step 5
work.


5sin ( x )  opp 
tan (θ )
= =  
3  adj 

9 + 25sin 2 ( x )
sec (θ ) =
3
sin ( x ) 9 + 25sin 2 ( x ) 9 5sin ( x ) + 9 + 25sin 2 ( x )

∫ cos ( x ) 9 + 25sin= ( x ) dx
2
+ ln +c
2 10 3

4
1. Evaluate the integral ⌠
 2
dx .
⌡ x + 5 x − 14
Step 1
To get the problem started off we need the form of the partial fraction decomposition of the integrand.
However, in order to get this, we’ll need to factor the denominator.
⌠ 4 ⌠ 4
 2 dx =  dx
⌡ x + 5 x − 14 ⌡ ( x + 7 )( x − 2 )
The form of the partial fraction decomposition for the integrand is then,
4 A B
= +
( x + 7 )( x − 2 ) x + 7 x − 2
Step 2
Setting the numerators equal gives,
4= A ( x − 2 ) + B ( x + 7 )
Step 3
We can use the “trick” discussed in the notes to easily get the coefficients in this case so let’s do that.
Here is that work.
=x 2=
: 4 9B A = − 94
⇒
x=−7 : 4 =
−9 A B = 94
The partial fraction form of the integrand is then,
4 − 94 4
= + 9
( x + 7 )( x − 2 ) x + 7 x − 2
Step 4
We can now do the integral.
⌠ 4 ⌠ −9 + 9 =
4 4
4 4
 =dx  dx ln x − 2 − ln x + 7 + c
⌡ ( x + 7 )( x − 2 ) ⌡ x+7 x−2 9 9

8 − 3t
 2
dt .
⌡ 10t + 13t − 3
Step 1
⌠ 8 − 3t ⌠ 8 − 3t
 dt =  dt
⌡ ( 2t + 3)( 5t − 1)
2
⌡ 10t + 13t − 3
8 − 3t A B
2
= +
10t + 13t − 3 2t + 3 5t − 1
Step 2
t A ( 5t − 1) + B ( 2t + 3)
8 − 3=
Step 3
Here is that work.
= :
t 15= 37
5 5 B
17
A = − 17
25
⇒
t=− 32 : 252 =
− 172 A B = 17
37
8 − 3t − 17
25 37
= + 17
10t 2 + 13t − 3 2t + 3 5t − 1
Step 4
8 − 3t − 25 37
37 25
⌠
 2 = dt ⌠
 17 + 17= dt ln 5t − 1 − ln 2t + 3 + c
⌡ 10t + 13t − 3 ⌡ 2t + 3 5t − 1 85 34
Hopefully you are getting good enough with integration that you can do some of these integrals in your
head. Be careful however with both of these integrals. When doing these kinds of integrals in our head
it is easy to forget about the substitutions that are technically required to do them and then miss the
coefficients from the substitutions that need to show up in the answer.

0
⌠ w2 + 7 w
3. Evaluate the integral  dw .
⌡−1 ( w + 2 )( w − 1)( w − 4 )
Step 1
In this case the denominator is already factored and so we can go straight to the form of the partial
fraction decomposition for the integrand.
w2 + 7 w A B C
= + +
( w + 2 )( w − 1)( w − 4 ) w + 2 w − 1 w − 4
Step 2
w2 + 7 w= A ( w − 1)( w − 4 ) + B ( w + 2 )( w − 4 ) + C ( w + 2 )( w − 1)
Step 3
Here is that work.
1:
w= 8= −9 B A=− 95
w=4: 44 =
18C ⇒ B=− 89
w=−2 : −10 =
18 A C=22
9
w2 + 7 w − 95 8 22
= − 9 + 9
( w + 2 )( w − 1)( w − 4 ) w + 2 w − 1 w − 4
Step 4
0 0
⌠ w2 + 7 w ⌠ − 95 8 22
 w + 2 w −1 w − 4 dw
=  − 9
+ 9
dw
⌡−1 ( )( )( ) ⌡− 1 w + 2 w − 1 w − 4
=( − 95 ln w + 2 − 89 ln w − 1 + 229 ln w − 4 )
0
−1
= 22
9 ln ( 4 ) + 93 ln ( 2 ) − 229 ln ( 5 ) = 47
9 ln ( 2 ) − 229 ln ( 5 )
Note that we used a quick logarithm property to combine the first two logarithms into a single
logarithm. You should probably review your logarithm properties if you don’t recognize the one that we
used. These kinds of property applications can really simplify your work on occasion if you know them!

8
 dx .
⌡ 3x + 7 x 2 + 4 x
3
Step 1
⌠ 8 ⌠ 8
 3 dx =  dx
⌡ x ( 3 x + 4 )( x + 1)
2
⌡ 3x + 7 x + 4 x
8 A B C
=+ +
x ( 3 x + 4 )( x + 1) x 3 x + 4 x + 1
Step 2
8 A ( 3 x + 4 )( x + 1) + Bx ( x + 1) + C x ( 3 x + 4 )
=
Step 3
Here is that work.
x= − 43 : 8 =
9 B
4
A= 2
x= −1: 8 = −C ⇒ B= 18
x = 0 : 8 = 4A C = −8
8 2 18 8
= + −
x ( 3 x + 4 )( x + 1) x 3 x + 4 x + 1
Step 4
⌠ 8 2 18 8
 dx= ⌠
 + − dx= 2 ln x + 6 ln 3x + 4 − 8ln x + 1 + c
⌡ x ( 3 x + 4 )( x + 1) ⌡ x 3x + 4 x + 1
Hopefully you are getting good enough with integration that you can do some of these integrals in your
head. Be careful however with the second integral. When doing these kinds of integrals in our head it is

easy to forget about the substitutions that are technically required to do them and then miss the
coefficients from the substitutions that need to show up in the answer.
4
⌠ 3z 2 + 1
5. Evaluate the integral  dz .
⌡2 ( z + 1)( z − 5 )
2
Step 1
3z 2 + 1 A B C
= + +
( z + 1)( z − 5) z + 1 z − 5 ( z − 5 )2
2
Step 2
1 A ( z − 5 ) + B ( z + 1)( z − 5 ) + C ( z + 1)
2
3 z 2 +=
Step 3
We can use the “trick” discussed in the notes to easily get two of the coefficients and then we can just
pick another value of z to get the third so let’s do that. Here is that work.
z= −1: 4 = 36 A A= 1
9
z =5 : 76 =6C ⇒ B =269
z = 0: 1 = 25 A − 5 B + C = 139
9 − 5B C = 383
3z 2 + 1 1 26 38
= 9
+ 9
+ 3
( z + 1)( z − 5) ( z − 5)
2 2
z +1 z −5
Step 4
4 4
⌠ 3z 2 + 1 ⌠ 19 26 38
 dz
= + 9
 z +1 z − 5 + 3
dz
⌡2 ( z + 1)( z − 5 ) ( z − 5)
2 2
⌡2
4
 38

=  19 ln z + 1 + 269 ln z − 5 − 3 = 1
ln ( 5 ) − 279 ln ( 3) + 769
 z − 5  2 9

4 x − 11
 3 2
dx .
⌡ x − 9x
Step 1
⌠ 4 x − 11 dx = ⌠ 4 x − 11 dx
 3  2
⌡ x − 9 x2 ⌡ x ( x − 9)
4 x − 11 A B C
= + 2+
x ( x − 9) x x
2
x −9
Step 2
= Ax ( x − 9 ) + B ( x − 9 ) + C x 2
4 x − 11
Step 3
We can use the “trick” discussed in the notes to easily get two of the coefficients and then we can just
pick another value of x to get the third so let’s do that. Here is that work.
x= 0 : −11 =−9 B A= − 25
81
x = 9 : 25 = 81C ⇒ B= 9
11
x= 1: −7 = −8 A − 8 B + C =
−8 A − 767
81 C= 25
81
4 x − 11 − 25 11 25
= 81
+ 9
+ 81
x ( x − 9)
2
x x 2
x −9
Step 4
⌠ 4 x − 11 − 25 11 25 11
 2 dx =⌠ 81 ln x −
 81 + 92 + 81 dx =− 25 9
+ 25 ln x − 9 + c
⌡ x ( x − 9) ⌡ x x x −9 x 81

⌠ z2 + 2z + 3
⌡ ( z − 6 ) ( z 2
+ 4 )
Step 1
z2 + 2z + 3 A Bz + C
= + 2
( z − 6) ( z + 4) z − 6 z + 4
2
Step 2
z 2 + 2 z + 3 = A ( z 2 + 4 ) + ( Bz + C )( z − 6 ) = ( A + B ) z 2 + ( −6 B + C ) z + 4 A − 6C
In this case the “trick” discussed in the notes won’t work all that well for us and so we’ll have to resort
to multiplying everything out and collecting like terms as shown above.
Step 3
Now, setting the coefficients equal gives the following system.
z2 :
= A+ B 1 = A 40
51
z1 : −6 B + C =2 ⇒ B=− 11
40
0
z= : 4 A − 6C 3 = C 20
7
z2 + 2z + 3 51
40 z + 20
− 11 7
= 40
+
( z − 6) ( z 2 + 4) z − 6 z 2 + 4
Step 4
⌠ z2 + 2z + 3 ⌠ 40 + − 40 z + 20 dz
51 11 7
 = dz 
⌡ ( z − 6) ( z + 4) ⌡ z −6 z2 + 4
2
40 z
− 11
51 7
= ⌠
 40
+ + 20
dz
⌡ z − 6 z2 + 4 z2 + 4
= 51
40 ln z − 6 − 80
11
ln z 2 + 4 + 407 tan −1 ( 2z ) + c

= z 2 + 4 while the third needed the

Note that the second integration needed the substitution u
formula provided in the notes.
⌠ 8 + t + 6t 2 − 12t 3
8. Evaluate the integral  dt .
⌡ ( 3t + 4 )( t + 7 )
2 2
Step 1
8 + t + 6t 2 − 12t 3 At + B Ct + D
= +
( 3t 2 + 4 )( t 2 + 7 ) 3t 2 + 4 t 2 + 7
Step 2
8 + t + 6t 2 − 12t 3= ( At + B ) ( t 2 + 7 ) + ( Ct + D ) ( 3t 2 + 4 )
= ( A + 3C ) t 3 + ( B + 3D ) t 2 + ( 7 A + 4C ) t + 7 B + 4 D
Step 3
t3 : A + 3C =
−12 A=3
2
t : B + 3D = 6 B=0
⇒
1
t : 7 A + 4C =
1 C = −5
0
t : 7 B + 4D =
8 D=2
8 + t + 6t 2 − 12t 3 3t −5t + 2
= + 2
( 3t + 4 )( t + 7 ) 3t + 4 t + 7
2 2 2
Step 4

⌠ 8 + t + 6t 2 − 12t 3 3t −5t + 2
 2 = dt ⌠
 2 + 2 dt
⌡ ( 3t + 4 )( t + 7 ) ⌡ 3t + 4 t + 7
2
3t 5t 2
= ⌠
 2 − 2 + 2 dt
⌡ 3t + 4 t + 7 t + 7
= 1
2 ln 3t 2 + 4 − 52 ln t 2 + 7 + 2
7
tan −1 ( )+c
t
7
u 3t 2 + 4 and u= t 2 + 7
Note that the first and second integrations needed the substitutions =
respectively while the third needed the formula provided in the notes.
⌠ 6 x 2 − 3x
9. Evaluate the integral  dx .
⌡ ( x − 2 )( x + 4 )
Hint : Pay attention to the degree of the numerator and denominator!
Step 1
Remember that we can only do partial fractions on a rational expression if the degree of the numerator
is less than the degree of the denominator. In this case both the numerator and denominator are both
degree 2. This can be easily seen if we multiply the denominator out.
6 x 2 − 3x 6 x 2 − 3x
= 2
( x − 2 )( x + 4 ) x + 2 x − 8
So, the first step is to do long division (we’ll leave it up to you to check our Algebra skills for the long
division) to get,
6 x 2 − 3x 48 − 15 x
= 6+
( x − 2 )( x + 4 ) ( x − 2 )( x + 4 )
Step 2
Now we can do the partial fractions on the second term. Here is the form of the partial fraction
decomposition.
48 − 15 x A B
= +
( x − 2 )( x + 4 ) x − 2 x + 4
48 − 15 x= A ( x + 4 ) + B ( x − 2 )

Step 3
The “trick” will work here easily enough so here is that work.
x= −4 : 108 = −6 B A= 3
⇒
x = 2: 18 = 6 A B = −18
The partial fraction form of the second term is then,
48 − 15 x 3 18
= −
( x − 2 )( x + 4 ) x − 2 x + 4
Step 4
⌠ 6 x 2 − 3x ⌠ 6 + 3 − 18 dx = 6 x + 3ln x − 2 − 18ln x + 4 + c
 x − 2 x + 4 dx = 
⌡( )( ) ⌡ x−2 x+4
⌠ 2 + w4
10. Evaluate the integral  3 dw .
⌡ w + 9w
Hint : Pay attention to the degree of the numerator and denominator!
Step 1
Remember that we can only do partial fractions on a rational expression if the degree of the numerator
is less than the degree of the denominator. In this case the degree of the numerator is 4 and the degree
of the denominator is 3.
So, the first step is to do long division (we’ll leave it up to you to check our Algebra skills for the long
division) to get,
2 + w4 2 − 9 w2
= w +
w3 + 9 w w ( w2 + 9 )
Step 2
Now we can do the partial fractions on the second term. Here is the form of the partial fraction
decomposition.
2 − 9 w2 A Bw + C
= + 2
w ( w + 9) w w + 9
2

2 − 9 w2 = A ( w2 + 9 ) + w ( Bw + C ) = ( A + B ) w2 + Cw + 9 A
Step 3
w2 : A + B =−9 A=2
9
w1 : C= 0 ⇒ B=− 839
w0 :
= 9 A 2= C 0
The partial fraction form of the second term is then,
2 − 9 w2 2
9 w
83
= 9
−
w ( w + 9) w w + 9
2 2
Step 4
4
⌠ 2 + w dw= ⌠ w + 92 − 9 w dw=
83
 3  1
2 w2 + 92 ln w − 18
83
ln w2 + 9 + c
⌡ w + 9w ⌡ w w2 + 9

⌠ 7
1. Evaluate the integral  dx .
⌡ 2+ x−4
Step 1
The substitution we’ll use here is,
u
= x−4
Step 2
Now we need to get set up for the substitution. In other words, we need so solve for x and get dx.
u2 + 4
x= ⇒ 2u du
dx =
Step 3
Doing the substitution gives,
⌠ 7 7 14u
= dx ⌠
= ( 2u ) du ⌠
 du
⌡ 2+ x−4 ⌡ 2+u ⌡ 2+u
Step 4
This new integral can be done with the substitution v= u + 2 . Doing this gives,
⌠ 7 ⌠ 14 ( v − 2 ) ⌠ 14 − 28 dv =
 dx = dv = 14v − 28ln v + c
⌡ 2+ x−4 ⌡ v ⌡ v
Step 5
The last step is to now do all the back substitutions to get the final answer.
7
⌠

⌡ 2+ x−4
= 14 ( u + 2 ) − 28ln u + 2 +=
dx c 14 ( )
x − 4 + 2 − 28ln x−4 +2 +c
Note that we could have avoided the second substitution if we’d used u = x − 4 + 2 for the original
substitution.
This often doesn’t work, but in this case because the only extra term in the denominator was a constant
it didn’t change the differential work and so would work pretty easily for this problem.
⌠ 1
2. Evaluate the integral  dw .
⌡ w + 2 1− w + 2

Step 1
u
= 1− w
Step 2
Now we need to get set up for the substitution. In other words, we need so solve for w and get dw.
1− u2
w= ⇒ −2u du
dw =
Step 3
⌠ 1 1 2u
 = dw ⌠
 2 ( −2u ) du ⌠
=  2 du
⌡ w + 2 1− w + 2 ⌡ 1 − u + 2u + 2 ⌡ u − 2u − 3
Step 4
This integral requires partial fractions to evaluate. Let’s start with the form of the partial fraction
decomposition.
2u A B
= +
( u + 1)( u − 3) u + 1 u − 3
Setting the coefficients equal gives,
2u= A ( u − 3) + B ( u + 1)
Using the “trick” to get the coefficients gives,
=u 3=: 6 4B A= 1
2
⇒
u =−1: −2 =−4 A B= 3
2
⌠ 2u 1
⌠ 2 + 2 =
3
1 3
 du
=  du ln u + 1 + ln u − 3 + c
⌡ ( u + 1)( u − 3) ⌡ u +1 u − 3 2 2
Step 5
⌠ 1 1 3
 = dw ln 1 − w + 1 + ln 1 − w − 3 + c
⌡ w + 2 1− w + 2 2 2

⌠ t −2
⌡ t − 3 2t − 4 + 2
Step 1
u
= 2t − 4
Step 2
Now we need to get set up for the substitution. In other words, we need so solve for t and get dt.
1 2
2u +2
t= ⇒ dt =
u du
Step 3
⌠ t −2 ⌠ 12 u 2 + 2 − 2 ⌠ u3
=
 dt  1 u 2 + 2 − 3u + 2 ( )
= u du  2 du
⌡ t − 3 2t − 4 + 2 ⌡2 ⌡ u − 6u + 8
Step 4
This integral requires partial fractions to evaluate.
However, we first need to do long division on the integrand since the degree of the numerator (3) is
higher than the degree of the denominator (2). This gives,
u3 28u − 48
= u +6+
2
u − 6u + 8 ( u − 2 )( u − 4 )
The form of the partial fraction decomposition on the third term is,
28u − 48 A B
= +
( u − 2 )( u − 4 ) u − 2 u − 4
Setting the coefficients equal gives,
28u − 48= A ( u − 4 ) + B ( u − 2 )
Using the “trick” to get the coefficients gives,

u = 4 : 64 = 2 B A = −4
⇒
u= 2: 8 = −2 A B= 32
⌠ u3 4 32 1 2
 2 du= ⌠
u +6− + du= u + 6u − 4 ln u − 2 + 32 ln u − 4 + c
⌡ u − 6u + 8 ⌡ u−2 u−4 2
Step 5
⌠ u3
 2 du = t − 2 + 6 2t − 4 − 4 ln 2t − 4 − 2 + 32 ln 2t − 4 − 4 + c
⌡ u − 6u + 8

7
 2
dw .
⌡ w + 3w + 3
Step 1
The first thing to do is to complete the square (we’ll leave it to you to verify the completing the square
details) on the quadratic in the denominator.
⌠ 7 ⌠ 7
 2 dw =  dw
⌡ ( w + 32 ) + 34
2
⌡ w + 3w + 3
Step 2
From this we can see that the following substitution should work for us.
u=
w + 23 ⇒ du =
dw
⌠ 7 ⌠ 7
 2 dw =  2 3 du
⌡ w + 3w + 3 ⌡u +4
Step 3
This integral can be done with the formula given at the start of this section.
⌠ = 7 14 −1  2u  14  2w + 3 
 2 dw tan=  +c tan −1  +c
⌡ w + 3w + 3 3  3 3  3 
Don’t forget to back substitute in for u!
⌠ 10 x
2. Evaluate the integral  2
dx .
⌡ 4 x − 8x + 9
Step 1
⌠ 10 x ⌠ 10 x
 2 dx =  dx
⌡ 4 ( x − 1) + 5
2
⌡ 4 x − 8x + 9

Step 2
x −1
u= ⇒ du =
dx & u +1
x=
⌠ 10 x ⌠ 10 ( u + 1)
 2 dx =  2
du
⌡ 4 x − 8x + 9 ⌡ 4u + 5
Step 3
We can quickly do this integral if we split it up as follows,
⌠ 10 x 10u 10 10u 5⌠ 1
 2 dx = ⌠
 2 du + ⌠
 2 du = ⌠
 2 du +  2 5 du
⌡ 4 x − 8x + 9 ⌡ 4u + 5 ⌡ 4u + 5 ⌡ 4u + 5 2⌡ u + 4
After a quick rewrite of the second integral we can see that we can do the first with the substitution
v 4u 2 + 5 and the second is an inverse trig integral we can evaluate using the formula given at the
=
start of the notes for this section.
⌠ 10 x 5 5  2  −1  2u 
 2 dx = ln v +  tan  +c
⌡ 4 x − 8x + 9 4 2  5   5
5  2u 
= ln 4u 2 + 5 + 5 tan −1  +c
4  5
5  2x − 2 
ln 4 ( x − 1) + 5 + 5 tan −1 
2
=
4 +c
 5 
Don’t forget to back substitute in for u!
⌠ 2t + 9

⌡ ( t 2 − 14t + 46 )
5
2
Step 1
⌠ 2t + 9 ⌠ 2t + 9
 dt =  dt
 2
⌡ ( t − 14t + 46 )

( ( t − 7 ) − 3)
5 5
2 2 2
⌡

Step 2
t −7
u= ⇒ du ==
dt & t u+7
⌠ 2t + 9 ⌠ 2 (u + 7) + 9 ⌠ 2u + 23
 = 5 dt =
 du  5 du
 2   2
⌡ ( t − 14t + 46 ) ⌡ ( u − 3) ⌡ ( u − 3)
5
2 2 2 2
Step 3
Next, we’ll need to split the integral up as follows,
⌠ 2t + 9 ⌠ 2u ⌠ 23
 = 5 dt  5 du +  5 du
 2  2  2
⌡ ( t − 14t + 46 ) ⌡ ( u − 3) ⌡ ( u − 3)
2 2 2
v u 2 − 3 and the second integral will require the

The first integral can be done with the substitution =
trig substitution u = 3 sec θ . Here is the substitution work.
⌠ 2t + 9 ⌠ 23


= 5 dt ∫v
− 52
dv + 
 ( )
3 sec θ tan θ dθ
⌡ ( t 2 − 14t + 46 ) ⌡ ( 3sec 2 θ − 3)
5
2 2
− 52
⌠ 23 3 sec θ tan θ
= ∫v dv + 

dθ
⌡ ( )
5
3 tan 2
θ 2
⌠ 23sec θ dθ
− 52
= ∫v
dv + 
⌡ 9 tan 4 θ
23 cos3 θ
= ∫ v 2 dv + ⌠
−5
 dθ
9 ⌡ sin 4 θ
Now, for the second integral, don’t forget the manipulations we often need to do so we can do these
kinds of integrals. If you need some practice on these kinds of integrals go back to the practice
problems for the second section of this chapter and work some of them.
Here is the rest of the integration process for this problem.

⌠ 2t + 9 − 52 23 ⌠ 1 − sin 2 θ

 2
dt ∫
= v dv +  cos θ dθ sin θ
w=
⌡ ( t − 14t + 46 )
5
2 9 ⌡ sin 4
θ
− 52
= ∫v dv + 239 ∫ w−4 − w−2 dw
− 32
+ 239  − 13 ( sin θ ) + ( sin θ )  + c
−3 −1
− 23 v
=
 
Step 4
We now need to do quite a bit of back substitution to get the answer back into t’s. Let’s start with the
result of the second integration. Converting the θ ’s back to u’s will require a quick right triangle.

u  hyp 
sec θ
= =  
3  adj 

u2 − 3
sin θ =
u
Plugging this into the integral above gives,
⌠ 2t + 9 2 23u 3 23u
 dt =
− − 3 + +c
 2
⌡ ( t − 14t + 46 ) 3 ( u − 3) 27 ( u − 3)
5 3
2
2 2 2 2 2
9 u − 3
Note that we also back substituted for the v in the first term as well and rewrote the first term a little.
Finally, all we need to do is back substitute for the u.
23 ( t − 7 ) 23 ( t − 7 )
3
⌠ 2t + 9 2
 5 dt =
− − + +c
 2
⌡ ( t − 14t + 46 ) ( ) ( )
3 3
(t − 7)
2
3 (t − 7) − 3 27 ( t − 7 ) − 3 9 −3
2 2 2 2 2
23 ( t − 7 ) 18 + 23 ( t − 7 )
3
= − +c
( )
3
(t − 7)
2
9 −3 27 ( t − 7 ) − 3
2 2
We’ll leave this solution with a final note about these kinds of problems. They are often very long,
messy and there are ample opportunities for mistakes so be careful with these and don’t get into too
much of a hurry when working them.

⌠ 3z
⌡ (1 − 4 z − 2 z )
2 2
Step 1
⌠ 3z ⌠ 3z
 dz =  dz
⌡ (1 − 4 z − 2 z )

( )
2 2
⌡ 3 − 2 ( z + 1)
2 2
Step 2
z +1
u= ⇒ du =
dz & u −1
z=
⌠ 3z ⌠ 3 ( u − 1) ⌠ 3u − 3
 = dz =
 du  du

⌡ (1 − 4 z − 2 z ) ⌡ ( 3 − 2u ) ⌡ ( 3 − 2u )
2 2 2 2 2 2
Step 3
Next, we’ll need to split the integral up as follows,
⌠ 3z ⌠ 3u ⌠ 3
 = dz  du −  du
⌡( ) ⌡( ) ⌡( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 − 4 z − 2 z 3 − 2u 3 − 2u
The first integral can be done with the substitution v= 3 − 2u 2 and the second integral will require the
trig substitution u = 3
2
sin θ . Here is the substitution work.
⌠ 3z 3 ⌠ 3
 − ∫ v −2 dv − 
dz = ( 3
)
cos θ dθ
⌡ (1 − 4 z − 2 z ) ⌡ ( 3 − 3sin θ )
2 2
2 4 2 2
3 ⌠ 3
− ∫ v −2 dv − 
= ( 3
)
cos θ dθ
⌡ ( 3cos θ )
2
4 2 2
− 34 ∫ v −2 dv −
= 1
6 ∫ sec θ dθ
3
The second integral for this problem comes down to an integral that was done in the notes for the
second section of this chapter and so we’ll just use the formula derived in that section to do this
integral.

Here is the rest of the integration process for this problem.
⌠ 3z 3 −1 1
 =dz v − sec θ tan θ + ln sec θ + tan θ  + c
⌡ (1 − 4 z − 2 z )
2
2 4 2 6
Step 4
We now need to do quite a bit of back substitution to get the answer back into z’s. Let’s start with the
result of the second integration. Converting the θ ’s back to u’s will require a quick right triangle.

2 u  opp 
sin θ
= =  
3  hyp 

2u 3
=tan θ = & sec θ
3 − 2u 2 3 − 2u 2
Plugging this into the integral above gives,
⌠ 3z 3 1  6u 3+ 2u 
 dz = −  + ln +c
⌡ (1 − 4 z − 2 z ) 4 ( 3 − 2u 2 ) 2 6  3 − 2u
2 2
2
3 − 2u 2 
Note that we also back substituted for the v in the first term as well and rewrote the first term a little.
Finally, all we need to do is back substitute for the u.
⌠ 3z 3 z +1 1 3 + 2 ( z + 1)
 dz
= − − ln +c
⌡ (1 − 4 z − 2 z )
2 2
(
4 3 − 2 ( z + 1)
2
) 6 − 4 ( z + 1)
2
2 6 3 − 2 ( z + 1)
2
We’ll leave this solution with a final note about these kinds of problems. They are often very long,
messy and there are ample opportunities for mistakes so be careful with these and don’t get into too
much of a hurry when working them.

Problems have not yet been written for this section.
I was finding it very difficult to come up with a good mix of “new” problems and decided my time was
better spent writing problems for later sections rather than trying to come up with a sufficient number
of problems for what is essentially a review section. I intend to come back at a later date when I have
more time to devote to this section and add problems then.

1. Determine if the following integral converges or diverges. If the integral converges determine its
value.
∞
∫ (1 + 2 x ) e dx
x
−
0
Hint : Don’t forget that we can’t do the integral as long as there is an infinity in one of the limits!
Step 1
First, we need to recall that we can’t do the integral as long as there is an infinity in one of the limits.
Therefore, we’ll need to eliminate the infinity first as follows,
∞ t
∫ (1 + 2 x ) e dx =lim ∫ (1 + 2 x ) e dx
x− x −
0 t →∞ 0
Note that this step really is needed for these integrals! For some integrals we can use basic logic and
“evaluate” at infinity to get the answer. However, many of these kinds of improper integrals can’t be
done that way! This is the only way to make sure we can deal with the infinite limit in those cases.
So even if this ends up being one of the integrals in which we can “evaluate” at infinity we need to be in
the habit of doing this for those that can’t be done that way.
Step 2
Next, let’s do the integral. We’ll not be putting a lot of explanation/detail into the integration process.
By this point it is assumed that your integration skills are getting pretty good. If you find your
integration skills are a little rusty you should go back and do some practice problems from the
appropriate earlier sections.
In this case we need to do integration by parts to evaluate this integral. Here is the integration work.
1+ 2x
u= → 2dx
du =
e − x dx
dv = → −e − x
v=
∫ (1 + 2 x ) e − (1 + 2 x ) e − x + 2 ∫ e − x dx =
− (1 + 2 x ) e − x − 2e − x + c =
− ( 3 + 2 x ) e− x + c
−x
dx =
Note that we didn’t do the definite integral here. The limits don’t really affect how we do the integral
and so we held off dealing with them until the next step.
Step 3
Okay, now let’s take care of the limits on the integral.
t
lim ( − ( 3 + 2 x ) e − x ) = lim ( 3 − ( 3 + 2t ) e −t )
∞
∫0 (1 + 2 x ) e dx=
−x
t →∞ 0 t →∞
Step 4

We now need to evaluate the limit in our answer from the previous step and note that, in this case, we
really can’t just “evaluate” at infinity! We need to do the limiting process here to make sure we get the
correct answer.
We will need to do a quick L’Hospital’s Rule on the second term to properly evaluate it. Here is the limit
work.
∞ 3 + 2t 2
∫ (1 + 2 x ) e dx = lim 3 − lim et = 3 − lim et = 3 − 0 = 3
x −
0 t →∞ t →∞ t →∞
Step 5
The final step is to write down the answer!
In this case, the limit we computed in the previous step existed and was finite (i.e. not an infinity).
Therefore, the integral converges and its value is 3.
value.
0
∫ (1 + 2 x ) e dx
x−
−∞
Step 1
0 0
∫ (1 + 2 x ) e dx =lim ∫ (1 + 2 x ) e dx
x
− x −
−∞ t →−∞ t
Step 2
In this case we need to do integration by parts to evaluate this integral. Here is the integration work.

1+ 2x
u= → 2dx
du =
e − x dx
dv = → −e − x
v=
∫ (1 + 2 x ) e − (1 + 2 x ) e − x − 2e − x + c =
− (1 + 2 x ) e − x + 2 ∫ e − x dx = − ( 3 + 2 x ) e− x + c
−x
dx =
Step 3
lim ( − ( 3 + 2 x ) e − x )= lim ( ( 3 + 2t ) e −t − 3)
0 0
∫ (1 + 2 x ) e dx=
x−
−∞ t → −∞ t t →−∞
Step 4
We now need to evaluate the limit in our answer from the previous step. In this case we can see that
the first term will go to negative infinity since it is just a product of one factor that goes to negative
infinity and another factor that goes to infinity. Therefore, the full limit will also be negative infinity
since the constant second term won’t affect the final value of the limit.
0
∫ (1 + 2 x ) e dx = lim ( 3 + 2t ) e −t − lim 3 = ( −∞ )( ∞ ) − 3 = −∞ − 3 = −∞
x −
−∞ t →−∞ t →∞
Step 5
In this case, the limit we computed in the previous step existed and was negative infinity. Therefore, the
integral diverges.
value.
1
⌠ 1
 dz
⌡−5 10 + 2 z
Hint : Don’t forget that we can’t do the integral as long as there is a division by zero in the integrand at
some point in the interval of integration!
Step 1
First, notice that there is a division by zero issue (and hence a discontinuity) in the integrand at z = −5
and this is the lower limit of integration. We know that as long as that discontinuity is there we can’t do
the integral. Therefore, we’ll need to eliminate the discontinuity first as follows,

1 1
⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
 dz = lim+  dz
⌡−5 10 + 2 z t →−5 ⌡t 10 + 2 z
Don’t forget that the limits on these kinds of integrals must be one-sided limits. Because the interval of
integration is [ −5,1] we are only interested in the values of z that are greater than -5 and so we must
use a right-hand limit to reflect that fact.
Step 2
In this case we can do a simple Calculus I substitution. Here is the integration work.
⌠ 1 dz =
1
ln 10 + 2 z + c

⌡ 10 + 2 z 2
Step 3
1 1
⌠ 1 1  1 1 
 = dz lim  ln 10 +=
2z  lim  ln 12 − ln 10 + 2t 
⌡−5 10 + 2 z t →−5+  2 t 2
t →−5+ 2 
Step 4
We now need to evaluate the limit in our answer from the previous step. Here is the limit work.
1
⌠ 1 1 1  1
 dz = lim+  ln 12 − ln 10 + 2t  = ln 12 + ∞ = ∞
⌡−5 10 + 2 z t → −5  2 2  2
Step 5
In this case, the limit we computed in the previous step existed and but was infinity. Therefore, the
integral diverges.
value.

2
⌠ 4w
 dw
⌡1 3
w2 − 4
some point in the interval of integration!
Step 1
First, notice that there is a division by zero issue (and hence a discontinuity) in the integrand at w = 2
and this is the upper limit of integration. We know that as long as that discontinuity is there we can’t do
the integral. Therefore, we’ll need to eliminate the discontinuity first as follows,
2 t
⌠ 4w ⌠ 4w
 dw = lim−  dw
⌡1 3 2
w −4 t→2 ⌡
1
3
w2 − 4
Don’t forget that the limits on these kinds of integrals must be one-sided limits. Because the interval of
integration is [1, 2] we are only interested in the values of t that are less than 2 and so we must use a
left-hand limit to reflect that fact.
Step 2
⌠ 4w
dw= 3 ( w2 − 4 ) 3 + c
2
3 2
⌡ w −4
Step 3
( ) ( )
2 t
⌠ 4w
dw lim− 3 ( w − 4=
) lim− 3 ( t 2 − 4 ) 3 − 3 ( −3) 3
2 2 2
2
 = 3
⌡1 3 2
w −4 t→2
1
t→2
Step 4
( )
2
⌠ 4w
dw =lim− 3 ( t 2 − 4 ) 3 − 3 ( −3) 3 =
2 2 2 5
 −3 ( −3) 3 =−
( 3) 3
⌡1 3
w2 − 4 t→2

Step 5
5
Therefore, the integral converges and its value is ( −3) 3 .
value.
1
∫−∞
6 − y dy
Step 1
1 1
∫−∞
6 − y=
dy lim ∫
t →−∞ t
6 − y dy
Step 2
∫ − 23 ( 6 − y ) 2 + c
6 − y dy =
Step 3

( ) ( )
3 1 3 3
∫ 6 − y dy = lim −
t → −∞
2
3 (6 − y ) 2
= lim − 23 ( 5 ) 2 + 23 ( 6 − t ) 2
t →−∞
t
Step 4
∫ ( 3
lim 23 ( 5 ) 2 + 23 ( 6 − t ) 2 =
6 − y dy =−
t →−∞
3
− 23 ( 5 ) 2 + ∞ =
∞) 3
Step 5
In this case, the limit we computed in the previous step existed and but was infinity. Therefore, the
integral diverges.
value.
∞
⌠ 9
 dz
⌡2 (1 − 3 z )
4
Step 1
∞ t
⌠ 9 ⌠ 9
 dz = lim  dz
⌡2 (1 − 3 z ) ⌡2 (1 − 3 z )
4 t →∞ 4
Step 2

⌠ 9 1
 = dz +c
⌡ (1 − 3 z ) (1 − 3z )
4 3
Step 3
t
⌠
∞
9  1   1  1 
 = dz lim  =  lim  − −  
t →∞   t →∞ 
⌡2 (1 − 3 z ) ( ) ( )
4 3 3
 1 − 3 z 2  1 − 3t  125 
Step 4
We now need to evaluate the limit in our answer from the previous step. Here is the limit work
⌠
∞
9  1 1  1
 = dz lim  += 
t →∞  
⌡2 (1 − 3 z )  (1 − 3t ) 125  125
4 3
Step 5
Therefore, the integral converges and its value is 125
1
.
value.
4
⌠ x
 2 dx
⌡0 x − 9
some point in the interval of integration! Also, do not just assume the division by zero will be at one of
the limits of the integral.
Step 1
First, notice that there is a division by zero issue (and hence a discontinuity) in the integrand at x = 3
and note that this is between the limits of the integral. We know that as long as that discontinuity is
there we can’t do the integral.
However, recall from the notes in this section that we can only deal with discontinuities that if they
occur at one of the limits of the integral. So, we’ll need to break up the integral at x = 3 .

4 3 4
⌠= x ⌠ x ⌠ x
 2 dx  2 dx +  2 dx
⌡0 x − 9 ⌡0 x − 9 ⌡3 x − 9
Remember as well, that we can only break up the integral like this provided both of the new integrals
are convergent! If it turns out that even one of them is divergent then it will turn out that we couldn’t
have done this and the original integral will be divergent.
So, not worrying about if this was really possible to do or not, let’s proceed with the problem.
We can eliminate the discontinuity in each as follows,
4 t 4
⌠ x ⌠ x dx + lim ⌠ x
=
 2 dx lim  2  2
dx
⌡0 x − 9 t → 3− ⌡0 x − 9 s → 3+ ⌡s x − 9
Don’t forget that the limits on these kinds of integrals must be one-sided limits.
Step 2
In this case we can do a simple Calc I substitution. Here is the integration work.
⌠ x = 1
 2 dx ln x 2 − 9 + c
⌡ x −9 2
and the integral for each was the same with only the limits being different so no reason to do the
integral twice.
Step 3
4 t 4
⌠ x 1  1 
 2= dx lim−  ln x 2 − 9  + lim+  ln x 2 − 9 
⌡0 x − 9 t →3  2  0 s→3  2 s
1 1  1 1 
= lim−  ln t 2 − 9 − ln ( 9 )  + lim+  ln ( 7 ) − ln s 2 − 9 
t →3  2 2  s → 3 2 2 
Step 4
We now need to evaluate the limits in our answer from the previous step. Here is the limit work.

4
⌠ = x 1 1  1 1 
 2 dx lim−  ln t 2 − 9 − ln ( 9 )  + lim+  ln ( 7 ) − ln s 2 − 9 
⌡0 x − 9 t →3  2 2  s→3  2 2 
 1  1 
=  −∞ − ln ( 9 )  +  ln ( 7 ) + ∞ 
2  2 
Note that we put the answers for each limit in brackets to make it clear what each limit was. This will be
important for the next step.
Step 5
Now, from the limit work in the previous step we see that,
3
⌠ x 1 1   1 
 2 dx = lim−  ln t 2 − 9 − ln ( 9 )  =  −∞ − 2 ln ( 9 )  = −∞
⌡0 x − 9 t → 3 2 2 
4
⌠ x 1 1  1 
 2 dx = lim+  ln ( 7 ) − ln s 2 − 9  =  ln ( 7 ) + ∞  = ∞
⌡3 x − 9 s→3  2 2  2 
Therefore, each of these integrals are divergent. This means that we were, in fact, not able to break up
the integral as we did back in Step 1.
This in turn means that the integral diverges.
value.
∞
⌠ 6 w3
 dw

⌡−∞ ( w + 1)
4 2
Hint : Don’t forget that we can’t do the integral as long as there is an infinity in one of the limits! Also,
don’t forget that infinities in both limits need as extra step to get set up.
Step 1
Note as well that in this case we have infinities in both limits and so we’ll need to split up the integral.
The integral can be split up at any point in this case and w = 0 seems like a good point to use for the
split point. Splitting up the integral gives,

∞ 0 ∞
⌠ 6 w3 ⌠ 6 w3 ⌠ 6 w3
= dw  dw +  dw
  
⌡−∞ ( ) ⌡−∞ ( ) ⌡0 ( )
4 2 4 2 4 2
w + 1 w + 1 w + 1
Now, we can eliminate the infinities as follows,
∞ 0 s
⌠ 6 w3 ⌠ 6 w3 ⌠ 6 w3
=
 dw lim  dw + lim  dw
 t → −∞  s →∞ 
⌡−∞ ( ) ⌡t ( ) ⌡0 ( )
4 2 4 2 4 2
w + 1 w + 1 w + 1
Step 2
⌠ 6 w3 3 1
 dw =
− +c
 4
⌡ ( w + 1)
2 4
2 w + 1
integral twice.
Step 3
∞ 0 s
⌠ 6 w3  3 1   3 1 
 dw = lim  −  + lim  − 

⌡−∞ ( w + 1)
2 4 4
4 t → −∞
 2 w + 1  t s →∞  2 w + 1  0
 3 3 1   3 1 3
= lim  − + 4  + lim  − 4 + 
t → −∞
 2 2 t + 1  s →∞  2 s + 1 2 
Step 4
We now need to evaluate the limits in our answer from the previous step. Here is the limit work

∞
⌠ 6 w3  3 3 1   3 1 3
 = lim  − + 4
dw  + lim  − 4 + 

⌡−∞ ( w + 1)
2
4 t → −∞
 2 2 t + 1  s →∞  2 s + 1 2 
 3 3
=  − 2  +  2 
Step 5
0
⌠ 6 w3  3 3 1  3
 dw =lim  − + 4  = −

⌡−∞ ( w + 1)
2
4 t → −∞
 2 2 t +1 2
∞
⌠ 6 w3  3 1 3 3
 dw = lim  − 4 + =

⌡0 ( w + 1)
2
4 s →∞
 2 s +1 2  2
Therefore, each of the integrals are convergent and have the values shown above. This means that we
could in fact break up the integral as we did in Step 1. Also, the original integral is now,
∞ 0 ∞
⌠ 6 w3 ⌠ 6 w3 ⌠ 6 w3
= dw  dw +  dw
  
⌡−∞ ( w + 1) ⌡−∞ ( w + 1) ⌡0 ( w + 1)
4 2 4 2 4 2
3 3
= − +
2 2
=0
value.
4
⌠ 1
 2 dx
⌡1 x + x − 6
some point in the interval of integration! Also, do not just assume the division by zero will be at one of
the limits of the integral.

Step 1
First, notice that there is a division by zero issue (and hence a discontinuity) in the integrand at x = 2
and note that this is between the limits of the integral. We know that as long as that discontinuity is
there we can’t do the integral.
However, recall from the notes in this section that we can only deal with discontinuities that if they
occur at one of the limits of the integral. So, we’ll need to break up the integral at x = 2 .
4 2 4
⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
=
 2 dx  dx +  dx
⌡1 x + x − 6 ⌡1 ( x + 3)( x − 2 ) ⌡2 ( x + 3)( x − 2 )
We can eliminate the discontinuity in each as follows,
4 t 4
⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 ⌠ 1
=
 2 dx lim−  dx + lim+  dx
⌡1 x + x − 6 t→2
⌡1 ( x + 3)( x − 2 ) s→ 2
⌡s ( x + 3)( x − 2 )
Don’t forget that the limits on these kinds of integrals must be one-sided limits.
Step 2
In this case we will need to do some partial fractions in order to the integral. Here is the partial fraction
work.
1 A B
= + ⇒ 1= A ( x − 2 ) + B ( x + 3)
( x + 3)( x − 2 ) x+3 x−2
=x 2=
: 1 5B A = − 15
→
x=−3 : 1 =
−5 A B = 15
The integration work is then,
⌠ 1 1 1
1 1
 dx ⌠
=  5 − 5 = dx ln x − 2 − ln x + 3 + c
⌡ ( x + 3)( x − 2 ) ⌡ x−2 x+3 5 5

integral twice.
Step 3
4 t 4
⌠ 1 1 1  1 1 
 2 = dx lim−  ln x − 2 − ln x + 3  + lim+  ln x − 2 − ln x + 3 
⌡1 x + x − 6 t→2  5 5 1 s → 2 5 5 s
1 1 1 1 
= lim−  ln t − 2 − ln t + 3 −  ln (1) − ln ( 4 )  
t→2
5 5 5 5 
1 1 1 1 
+ lim+  ln ( 2 ) − ln ( 7 ) −  ln s − 2 − ln s + 3  
s→ 2
5 5 5 5 
Step 4
We now need to evaluate the limits in our answer from the previous step. Here is the limit work.
4
⌠ 1 1 1 1 1 
 2 = dx lim−  ln t − 2 − ln t + 3 −  ln (1) − ln ( 4 )  
⌡1 x + x − 6 t→2
5 5 5 5 
1 1 1 1 
+ lim+  ln ( 2 ) − ln ( 7 ) −  ln s − 2 − ln s + 3  
s→ 2
5 5 5 5 
 1 1  1 1 1 
=  −∞ − 5 ln ( 5 ) + 5 ln ( 4 )  +  5 ln ( 2 ) − 5 ln ( 7 ) + 5 ln ( 5 ) + ∞ 
Step 5
2
⌠ 1 1 1 1 1 
 dx = lim−  ln t − 2 − ln t + 3 −  ln (1) − ln ( 4 )   = − ∞
⌡1 ( x + 3)( x − 2 ) t→2
5 5 5 5 
4
⌠ 1 1 1 1 1 
 dx =lim+  ln ( 2 ) − ln ( 7 ) −  ln s − 2 − ln s + 3   =∞
⌡2 ( x + 3)( x − 2 ) s→ 2
5 5 5 5 
Therefore, each of these integrals are divergent. This means that we were, in fact, not able to break up
the integral as we did back in Step 1.

This in turn means that the integral diverges.
value.
0 1
⌠ ex
 x 2 dx

⌡−∞
Hint : Be very careful with this problem as it is nothing like what we did in the notes. However, you
should be able to take the material from the notes and use that to figure out how to do this problem.
Step 1
Now there is clearly an infinite limit here, but also notice that there is a discontinuity at x = 0 that we’ll
need to deal with.
Based on the material in the notes it should make sense that, provided both integrals converge, we
should be able to split up the integral at any point. In this case let’s split the integral up at x = −1 .
Doing this gives,
0 1 −1 1 0 1
⌠ ex ⌠ ex ⌠ ex
dx dx
=

x 2 
 x2 +
 x 2 dx

⌡−∞ ⌡−∞ ⌡−1
Keep in mind that splitting up the integral like this can only be done if both of the integrals converge! If
it turns out that even one of them is divergent then it will turn out that we couldn’t have done this and
the original integral will be divergent.
So, not worrying about if this was really possible to do or not let’s proceed with the problem.
Now, we can eliminate the problems as follows,
0 1 −1 1 s 1
=
 dx lim  2 dx + lim  2 dx
 x2 t → −∞  x s → 0−  x
⌡−∞ ⌡t ⌡−1
Step 2

1
⌠ ex 1
 x 2 dx =
 −e x + c
⌡
integral twice.
Step 3
0 1 −1 s
⌠ ex  1x   1x   −1 1t   1s 
 x 2 dx = tlim
 → −∞
 −e  + slim
→0 − 
−e  = lim  −e + e  + lim−  −e + e −1 
t → −∞
⌡−∞  t   −1   s →0  
Step 4
We now need to evaluate the limits in our answer from the previous step. Here is the limit work
0 1
⌠ ex  −1 1t   1s −1 
 dx
= lim  −e + e  + lim  −e + e 
 x 2 t → −∞ −
⌡−∞   s →0  
=  −e −1 + e0  + 0 + e −1 
Note that,
1
lim− = −∞
s →0 s
since we are doing a left-hand limit and so s will be negative. This in turn means that,
 1s 
lim  −e  = 0
s → 0−
 
Step 5
−1 1 0 1
⌠ ex ⌠ ex
−e −1 + 1 e −1
 x 2 dx =
  x 2 dx =

⌡−∞ ⌡−1
Therefore, each of the integrals are convergent and have the values shown above. This means that we
could in fact break up the integral as we did in Step 1. Also, the original integral is now,

0 1 −1 1 0 1
=
 2
dx 
 x2 dx +  x 2 dx

⌡−∞ x ⌡−∞ ⌡−1
=− e −1 + 1 + e −1
=1

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Calculus II – Solutions to Practice Problems 3

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

=− 12 ( 3t + t 2 ) cos ( 2t ) + 14 ( 3 + 2t ) sin ( 2t ) + 14 cos ( 2t ) + c

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

So, here are our choices for u and dv.

Plugging u, du, v and dv into the Integration by Parts formula gives,

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

= 12 e 2 z cos ( 14 z ) + 161 e 2 z sin ( 14 z ) − 641 ∫ e 2 z cos ( 14 z ) dz

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

∫ e cos ( z ) dz = e cos ( z ) + e 2 z sin ( 14 z ) − 641 ∫ e 2 z cos ( 14 z ) dz

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

( x 2 sin ( 4 x ) + 18 x cos ( 4 x ) − 321 sin ( 4 x ) ) =

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

After doing this we can now choose u and dv as follows,

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

As the final step we just need to substitution back in for w.

Here is the table for this problem.

120 y 3 − 271 sin ( 3 y ) −

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

Here is the table for this problem.

∫ ( 4x − 9 x 2 + 7 x + 3) e − x dx= ( 4x − 9 x 2 + 7 x + 3)( −e − x ) − (12 x 2 − 18 x + 7 )( e − x )

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

1. Evaluate sin 3 ( 23 x ) cos 4 ( 23 x ) dx .

∫ sin ( x ) cos ( x ) dx = ∫ sin ( x ) cos ( x ) sin ( x ) dx

∫ sin ( x ) cos ( x ) dx = cos 7 ( 23 x ) − 103 cos5 ( 23 x ) + c

2. Evaluate sin 8 ( 3 z ) cos5 ( 3 z ) dz .

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

∫ sin ( 3z ) cos ( 3z ) dz = ∫ sin ( 3z ) cos ( 3z ) cos ( 3z ) dz

∫ sin ( 3z ) cos ( 3z ) dz = sin 9 ( 3z ) − 332 sin11 ( 3z ) + 391 sin13 ( 3z ) + c

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

So, let’s start this problem off as follows.

∫  (1 + cos ( 4t ) ) ∫ 14 (1 + 2 cos ( 4t ) + cos ( 4t ) ) dt

∫ cos ( 2t ) dt = ∫ 1 + 2 cos ( 4t ) + 1 + cos ( 8t )  dt

∫ cos ( 2t ) dt = ( t + 12 sin ( 4t ) + 161 sin ( 8t ) ) + c = t + 18 sin ( 4t ) + 641 sin ( 8t ) + c

Here is that work.

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

∫ cos ( w) sin ( w) dw = ∫ cos ( w) sin ( w) cos ( w) dw

= ∫ (1 − sin ( w ) ) sin ( w ) cos ( w ) dw

∫ cos ( w) sin ( w) dw = sin 6 ( 12 w ) − 14 sin 8 ( 12 w ) + c

5. Evaluate sec6 ( 3 y ) tan 2 ( 3 y ) dy .

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

∫ sec ( 3 y ) tan ( 3 y ) dy = ∫ sec ( 3 y ) tan ( 3 y ) sec ( 3 y ) dy

∫ sec ( 3 y ) tan ( 3 y ) dy = tan 7 ( 3 y ) + 152 tan 5 ( 3 y ) + 19 tan 3 ( 3 y ) + c

∫ tan ( 6 x ) sec ( 6 x ) dx = ∫ tan ( 6 x ) sec ( 6 x ) tan ( 6 x ) sec ( 6 x ) dx

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

( 6 x ) dx ∫ sec ( 6 x ) − 1 sec ( 6 x )

∫ tan ( 6 x ) sec ( 6 x ) dx = sec12 ( 6 x ) − 601 sec10 ( 6 x ) + c

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

∫ tan ( z ) sec ( z ) dz = ∫ tan ( z ) sec ( z ) tan ( z ) sec ( z ) dz

∫ tan ( z ) sec ( z ) dz = sec9 ( z ) − 73 sec7 ( z ) + 53 sec5 ( z ) − 13 sec3 ( z ) + c

( sec9 ( z ) − 73 sec7 ( z ) + 53 sec5 ( z ) − 13 sec3 ( z ) )

8. Evaluate ∫ cos ( 3t ) sin (8t ) dt .

∫ cos ( 3t ) sin (8=

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

∫ cos ( 3t ) sin (8t ) dt = ( − 1

14 sin ( 21) − 18 sin ( 27 ) − 14 sin ( 7 ) + 18 sin ( 9 ) =

∫ cot (10 z ) csc (10 z ) dz

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

∫ cot (10 z ) csc (10 z ) dz =

∫ csc ( w) cot ( w) dw = ∫ csc ( w) cot ( w) csc 2 ( 14 w ) dw

© 2018 Paul Dawkins http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu

Now we can use the substitution u = cot ( 14 w ) to evaluate the integral.