Practice Paper 5

Answer the following questions.

1. Let D denote the closed unit disk in R2 and ∂D denotes its boundary, i.e.

D := {(x, y) ∈ R2 : x2 + y 2 ≤ 1} and ∂D := {(x, y) ∈ R2 : x2 + y 2 = 1}.

Define the set X to be the quotient space

X := D/ ∼ where x ∼ y if x, y ∈ ∂D.

Show that X is homeomorphic to S 2 .

2. Show that the one point compactification of Rn is S n .
3. Let X be the following quotient space
 
X := Rn+1 − 0 / ∼ where (x1 , . . . xn+1 ) ∼ (λx1 , . . . , λxn+1 ) form some λ 6= 0.

Define Y to be the following quotient space

Y := S n / ∼ where x ∼ −x.

Show that X is homeomorphic to Y . Show that the space is compact.

Remark: This space is called the real projective space and is denoted by RPn .
4. Show that RP1 is homeomorphic to S 1 .
Remark: We will see after the mid semester that RPn is not homeomorphic to S n is n > 1.
5. Define the space

X := S 1 / ∼ where x ∼ ωx where ω is an nth root of unity.

Show that X is homeomorphic to S 1 . Here we are viewing S 1 as the set of complex numbers of modulus
one.
6. We have shown in class that there exists a continuous surjective map g : I −→ I 2 , where I is the closed
unit interval [0, 1]. Using this fact, show that there exists a continuous surjective map f : R −→ R2 .